Table 4-29,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Newly Manufactured Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light-Duty Vehiclesa,b (Grams per mile)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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,,,,,,,,,,,,Tier 1i,,Interim Tier 2i,,Tier 2i,
Engine type and pollutant,Prior to controld,1968-1969,1970-1971,1972,1973-1974,1975-1976,1977-1979,1980,1981,1982-1986,1987-1993,1994-2003b,,2004-2006,,2007+,
Gasoline,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
HC (total),11,g,2.2,3.4,,1.5,,0.41,,,,0.41,(h),h,,,
  NMHC,e,h,,,,,,,,,,0.25,(0.31),h,,,
  NMOG,e,h,,,,,,,,,,,,0.125,(0.156),0.100,(0.125)
CO,80,g,23,39,,15,,7.0,3.4,,,3.4,(4.2),,,,
Cold-temp. COc,e,h,,,,,,,,,,10,(h),,,,
NOx,4,h,,,3.0,3.1,2.0,,1.0,,,0.4,(0.6),,,0.14,(0.20)
Particulates,e,h,,,,,,,,,,0.08,(0.10),0.08,(0.08),0.02,(0.02)
Formaldehyde,e,h,,,,,,,,,,,,0.015,(0.018),,
Diesel,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
HC (total),11,h,,,,1.5,,0.41,,,,0.41,(h),h,,,
  NMHC,e,h,,,,,,,,,,0.25,(0.31),h,,,,,,,
  NMOG,e,h,,,,,,,,,,,,h,(0.156),0.100,(0.125),,,,
CO,80,h,,,,15,,7.0,3.4,,,3.4,(4.2),h,(4.2),3.4,(4.2),,,,
NOx,4,h,,,,3.1,2.0,,1.0,,,1.0,(1.25),h,(0.6),0.14,(0.20),,,,
Particulates,e,h,,,,,,,,0.60,0.20,0.08,(0.10),h,(0.10),0.02,(0.02),,,,
Formaldehyde,e,h,,,,,,,,,,,,h,(0.018),0.015,(0.018),,,,
Test procedure,,7-mode,,CVS-72,,CVS-75,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Useful life (intermediate) b,f",,h,,,,,,,,,,"5 years/50,000 miles",,,,,,,,,
                 (full),,"5 years/50,000 miles",,,,,,,,,,"10 years/100,000 miles",,,,"10 years/120,000 miles",,,,,
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KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hydrocarbons; NMHC = non-methane hydrocarbons; NMOG = nonmethane organic gases;,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
NOx = nitrogen oxides. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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a The test procedure for measuring exhaust emissions has changed several times over the course of vehicle emissions regulations.  The 7-mode procedure,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
 was used through model year 1971 and was replaced by the CVS-72 procedure beginning in model year 1972.  The CVS-75 procedure became the test ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"procedure as of model year 1975.  While it may appear that the total HC and CO standards were relaxed in 1972-74, ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
these standards were actually more stringent due to the more stringent nature of the CVS-72 test procedure.  Additional standards for CO and ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
composite standards for NMHC and NOx tested under the new Supplemental Federal Test Procedure will be phased-in beginning with model,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
year 2000; these standards are not shown in this table.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"b All emissions standards must be met for a useful life of 5 years/50,000 miles.  Beginning with model year 1994, a second set of emissions standards must also ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"be met for a full useful life of 10 years/100,000 miles; these standards are shown in parentheses. Tier 1 exhaust standards were phased-in during 1994-96 at a ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"rate of 40%, 80%, and 100%, respectively.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"c The cold CO emissions standard is measured at 20 degrees F (rather than 75 degrees F) and is applicable for a 5-year/50,000-mile useful life.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"d The ""Prior to control"" column reports emissions estimates of a typical newly manufactured car in the years before exhaust emissions certification standards were implemented.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
e No estimate available.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"f Manufacturers can opt to certify vehicles for a full useful life of 15 years/150,000 miles and have either 1) intermediate useful life standards waived or ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2) receive additional NOx credits.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"g In 1968-69, exhaust emissions standards were issued in parts per million rather than grams per mile and are, therefore, incompatible with this table.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
h No standard has been set.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"I The term ""tier"" refers to a level of standards and is associated with specific years.  Interim Tier 2 refers to an intermediate level of standards that move",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"manufacturers toward compliance with Tier 2 standards.   Interim Tier 2 and Tier 2 standards are established as ""bins.""  Each bin is a set of standards for",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"NOx, CO, NMOG, formaldehyde, and particulate matter; HC and NMHC standards are dropped for Tier 2 and Interim Tier 2.  Manufacturers may certify",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
any given vehicle family to any of the bins available for that vehicle class as long as the resulting sales-weight corporate average NOx standard is met,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
for the full useful life of the vehicle.  The Tier 2 corporate average NOx standard is 0.07 grams/mile.  Interim corporate-based average NOx standards,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"are based on vehicle type.  The interim sales-weighted average for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) is 9.3 grams/mile.  For LDVs, Tier 2 standards will be phased",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"in at a rate of 25% in 2004, 50% in 2005, 75% in 2006, and 100% in 2007.  During this period, all LDVs not meeting the Tier 2 standards must meet Interim",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Tier 2 standards.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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SOURCES:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"40 CFR 86, Subpart A (July 1, 1998).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, personal communication.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Federal Register, Vol. 65, No. 28, pp. 6698-6870.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
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