Table 1-42M,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Average Length of Haul, Domestic Freight and Passenger Modes (Kilometers)",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,1960,1965,1970,1975,1980,1985,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998
Freight,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Air carrier,"1,534","1,518","1,632","1,741","1,693","1,862","2,235","2,166","2,239","2,134","R1,793","R1,720","R1,730","R1,453","1,432"
Trucka,438,417,423,460,584,589,629,641,660,655,631,669,R686,R700,715
Class I rail,742,810,829,871,991,"1,070","1,168","1,209","1,228","1,278","1,315","1,357","1,355","1,370","1,344"
Water,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
  Coastwise,"2,408","2,416","2,429","2,192","3,082","3,174","2,581","2,744","2,836","2,655","2,659","2,659","2,456","2,140","2,029"
  Lakewise,840,795,814,853,863,843,890,861,835,827,818,827,818,816,813
  Internal,454,478,531,576,652,700,756,777,771,753,776,795,768,750,760
  Intraport,        U,        U,        U,26,27,24,21,21,19,19,26,26,27,24,24
Oil Pipeline,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
  Crude,523,515,483,"1,019","1,402","1,250","1,296","1,326","1,331","1,259","1,217","R1,202","R1,254","R1,147","1,109"
  Petroleum products,433,539,575,830,666,629,626,608,605,642,644,R632,R632,R632,632
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Passenger,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Air carrier, ",938,988,"1,091","1,123","1,184","1,220","1,292","1,297","1,297","1,286","1,267","1,273","1,291","R1,315","1,308"
" domestic, scheduled",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Bus, intercity",127,151,171,182,201,195,227,230,219,222,222,225,230,R232,232
Commuter rail,33,34,36,37,37,38,35,37,37,35,34,39,39,R37,U
Amtrakb,RN,RN,RN,R380,R348,R372,439,457,459,452,436,431,414,412,406
"a  Total Class I and Class II motor carriers of freight (less-than-truckload, specialized carrier for truckload, and others).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
b  Amtrak began operations in 1971.  Data are reported for fiscal years.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
KEY: N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = data are not available.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
NOTES:  Conversion to Kilometers occurred after the following calculations.  Average length of haul for freight is calculated by dividing ton-miles in table 1-11 by ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
estimates of tonnage from the various data sources.  The calculation of average length of haul for passenger trips varies by mode:  for air carrier it is ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"calculated by dividing revenue passenger-miles by revenue passenger enplanements; for commuter rail, intercity bus, and ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Amtrak it is calculated by dividing passenger-miles by number of passengers.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
SOURCES:  ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Freight:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Air carrier, truck:",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Eno Transportation Foundation, Inc., Transportation In America, 1999 (Washington, DC: 1999), p. 71.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Class I rail:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: 1999), p. 36.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Water:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterborne Commerce of the United States, Part 5 (New Orleans, LA: Annual issues), ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"section 1, Table 1-4",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Oil pipeline:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1960-70: Transportation Policy Associates, Washington, DC, personal communication.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1975-98: Eno Transportation Foundation, Inc., Transportation in America, 1999 (Washington, DC: 1999), p. 71.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Passenger: ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Air carrier:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Air Carrier Traffic ",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual issues).",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Intercity bus and commuter rail:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"Eno Transportation Foundation, Inc., Transportation in America, 1999 (Washington, DC: 1999), p. 70.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Amtrak:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1970-85: Amtrak, corporate communication, Jan. 26, 1999.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,
"1990-98: Amtrak, Amtrak FY99 Annual Report (Washington, DC), statistical appendix, p. III.",,,,,,,,,,,,,,