http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm Small Business Innovation Research Program Contracts Tue, 03 May 2011 00:27:23 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=147 Conversion of highly stable optical clocks into electrical clocks through photodetection introduces excess phase noise, thereby degrading the frequency stability. This noise is primarily generated due to the conversion of optical intensity noise into electrical phase noise by photodiode’s non-linearity, specifically power-to-phase conversion. During Phase I, Discovery developed dual photodiodes having a power-to-phase conversion of 3 rad/W at 1550 nm and 900 nm wavelengths simultaneously, which presents a 10 fold improvement in state-of-the-art. During Phase 2, Discovery will optimize the photodiode structure in order to improve its responsivity at 900 nm by a factor of two, while ensuring a 3 Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=146 This SBIR project aims to develop a new class of low-field magnetic sensors based on magnetic tunnel junctions with magnesium oxide (MgO) tunnel barriers. The Phase II effort will continue the optimization of sensor performance, based on three major research thrusts. First of all, we will continue the magnetic engineering effort, turning the properties of the two key magnetic electrodes, in order to ensure that the sensor response is linear and reproducible. Secondly, we will systematically attack the two dominant sources of electrical noise in our MTJ devices. By making careful choices of sensor shape, mask layout, and annealing and Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=145 This NIST Phase II SBIR effort will two low noise single photon detectors using MgO doped LiNbO3 (LN) periodically poled waveguides and a 980nm (or similar appropriate wavelength) pump to up convert 1550nm photons to 600nm to allow for detection by photomultiplier tube (PMT). The key innovation is using low noise periodically poled waveguides with a long wavelength (1800nm) pump leading to higher efficiency single photon detectors when used with PMTs or Silicon-based avalanche photo diode single photon detectors (Si-APD). Use of waveguide Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) for 1550nm to 600 nm up-conversion cou0pled with inexpensive and very efficient PMT Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=144 There are many applications for hyperspectral image detectors, but for the detectors to be widely accepted standardized calibration protocols must be developed. This research aims to bridge this gap through the development of a commercially available hyperspectral image projector (HIP) system. The proposed effort is to build a prototype visible HIP system to generate calibrated, realistic imagery with enough fidelity such that, from the viewpoint of the sensor under test, the scene is indistinguishable from the real-world. This system will incorporate two liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulators (SLM). The first SLM will be used in the spectral engine Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=143 This is an SBIR Phase II proposal to develop a tactile refreshable computer display prototype (TRCD) that will support multiple tactile alphabets (e.g. ELIA, braille, and Roman), multiple lines of text, and graphics to benefit the more than 1.8 million blind Americans. Commercially available TRCDs are expensive (~$12,000, or $19 per actuator), provide only one line of text (with 640 actuators) and don’t support tactile graphics. The researchers will develop an advanced prototype based on the patented NIST technology, using new technological approaches. This technology will support a TRCD with as many as 10,000 actuators at a cost of less Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=142 The characterization of biologically relevant polymetric materials is a major focus of the bioinstrumentation industry. Of particular interest is the rapid, direct sequencing of DNA through a nanopore as well as the characterization of other biopolymers. Although progress has been made with nanopore sequencing, some fundamental instrumental and system issues have so far kept the method from realizing its potential. Electronic Bio Sciences has already developed a substantially lower noise single channel measurement system that has allowed the measurement of a number of DNA translocation phenomena that have not been previously recorded. Electronic Bio Sciences is proposing to further advance Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=141 This Small Business Innovation Research Phase II project uses the “smart-cut” methods to produce high performance and advanced functionality lithium tantalate pyroelectric sensors. Phase I has been devoted to feasibility demonstration of the “smart-cut” process, preliminary design studies for the advanced pyroelectric detectors and prototype device fabrication and testing. The Phase I effort resulted in the first reported crystal ion slicing of lithium tantalate films. An ion sliced lithium tantalate film was successfully transferred to a silicon substrate. A bond process was developed to scale up the thin lithium tantalate film-on-silicon process to wafer scale. The large areas and film Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=140 Role-based workflow (RBW) is a NIST invention that used RBAC technology to implement workflow, with the goal of making workflow easier to maintain and more secure. At this time, Virtual Global has completed a Phase I SBIR effort, in which computer software was created to automate the invention in the form of web services. The Phase I effort was successful in proving the feasibility of the invention, as well as discovering commercial applications of the invention for secure software that manages healthcare records. Specifically, RBW provides hospital staff with momentary access to a single record on an “as needed” basis, Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=139 A key factor of international efforts to identify and suppress the supply of and demand for nuclear materials, and thereby to deter potential traffickers, is the ability to accurately identify contradicted material and ultimately to trace it back to its origin. Alpha particle spectroscopy is widely used in nuclear forensics to assay trace quantities of sensitive nuclear materials, but the limited spectral resolution of conventional alpha spectrometers limits their effectiveness to perform high-accuracy assays of such materials. STAR Cryoelectronics proposes to develop a high-resolution alpha spectrometer based on microcalorimeter detectors offering nearly a ten-fold improvement in energy resolution, thereby enabling Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=138 The result of this project will be a fully functional prototype of the Model 8686H Precision Resistance-Ratio AC Bridge. The unit is capable of measuring resistances from 0 to 400 ohms with better than 0.1 uohm resolution and an accuracy of better than +/-0.05ppm. The unit will have advanced features such as a built-in web-browser, USB interface and built-in complex functions. Examples of such complex functions are complimentary ratio-check and zero ohms power extrapolation for sensor measurements. The web-browser introduces features never before available in a Precision Resistance-Ratio AC Bridge. Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=137 During the Phase I SBIR project Optical Physics Company (OPC) investigated a three axis interferometer instrument which measures the one dimensional linear translation and the two-dimensional angular deflection in pitch and yaw of a 7 mm mirror 18-23 cm away. Lab demonstrations both before and during the Phase I effort showed performance parameters better than NIST requirements. The Phase I effort also produced the blueprints of the design of a three dimensional nanometrology instrument 3S-NI). Its design is simple and compact, fitting within a 12.5x12.5x10 cm envelope. During the proposed Phase II effort, OPC will build and test 3D-NI. This Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=136 Transition Edge Sensor (TES) detector development at NIST has reached a level where arrays containing several thousand pixels (kilopixels) are practical and , indeed, necessary for fielding systems required for many industrial, research, and homeland security applications. Current easily deployable cryostat technology required to reach the ultra-cold operating temperatures of TES arrays (50 to 100 mK) can not cope with the size or the heat load of kilopixel arrays. The housings and shielding required to support such arrays have masses of several (~5) kilograms. Also, the heat load of several hundred wires traveling from room temperature down to the TES Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=135 Modern supercontinuum (SC) light sources are generated by non-linear interactions between ultrashort laser pulses and optical fibers. These light sources have high brightness and are spatially coherent. Output in near-ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelength ranges has been demonstrated. SC wavelength ranges are constrained by the transmission and dispersion properties of the fibers. Previously, output to 4.5 microns was achieved using fluoride glass fibers. In Phase 1, we achieved supercontinuum output to 5.8 microns in tellurite glass fibers setting a record for mid-IR supercontinuum generation. Further improvements into the mid-infrared region (meaning 6 to 12 microns) would enable a plethora of new Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=134 The recent emergence of the Silicon Drift detector (SDD), for use in energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), has made possible x-ray event streams with count rates as high as 1-10 Mcps. A problem with existing digital signal processing, as applied to SDDs, is the significant presence of coincidence peaks above the x-ray background. These coincidence peaks occur with amplitudes comparable to low-concentration species. In specimens with x-ray peaks arising from two or more elemental constituents, the coincidence peaks can occupy a sizeable portion of the spectrum between the high abundance peaks, leading to false identification of elements and significant errors Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=133 Southwest Sciences’ Phase 2 SBIR project will lead to development of residential fire sensing systems based on recently developed, low cost temperature and optical imaging sensors combined with newly introduced highly miniaturized, micropower CO sensors. Sensor modules will be part of a low power wireless network. Each module will be about ½ the size of a business card, a few mm thick, and will operate for at least a year using a lithium battery. Volume production will keep prices low enough (we aim for $10) that it will be practical to install at least one in each room of a Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=132 Through this NIST SBIR program, Tex Tech Industries is developing furniture and mattress fire blocking materials. Fire barrier methods are necessary to protect furniture and mattresses from fire. In Phase I, Tex Tech used a variety of fibers to make and evaluate fibers for fire barriers. In Phase II, Tex Tech proposed to continue to develop a fire protection barrier from textiles that can potentially provide better fire protection, are easy to use and put into production, and low cost. Tex Tech will work with Georgia Tech’s Dr. Satish Kumar, who has developed a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and carbon nanofiber (CNF) Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=131 Technology research and development in such areas as next-generation atomic clocks, quantum information processing with trapped ions, and atomic spectroscopy is impeded by the lack of commercially available laser sources that meet the required specifications of wavelength tuning range, output power, frequency-stability and reliability. Arete Associates is developing frequency-stable Optically Pumped Semiconductor Lasers (OPSLs) to meet these specifications. OPSL technology exhibits a unique combination of compactness, efficiency, high power, wavelength tunability, and excellent beam quality. The objective of the Phase 1 SBIR effort was to assess the feasibility and robustness of single-frequency operation of two different OPSL cavity designs. The Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=130 VIPA etalons are simple compact devices that offer many times more dispersion than gratings and are finding increasing application where higher spectral resolution is needed. Current VIPA designs do not work in the spectroscopically important mid- and long-infrared wavelengths, and do not have large operating bandwidths compatible with femtosecond combs. Incorporating resolution improvements from Phase I, Precision Photonics proposes to fabricate VIPA devices capable of operating anywhere in the 0.4-10-micron range, and capable of ultrawide optical bandwidths. New coating materials and designs will be developed for the 3-10 micron range. Precision polishing techniques will be adapted for infrared substrate materials. Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=129 Voxtel has demonstrated efficient high-speed photon counting with thresholded linear-mode avalanche photodiode (APD) receivers using multi-gain-stage InGaAs/InAIAs APDs. In contrast to Geiger APDs, thresholded photon-counting linear APD receivers are thought not to suffer afterpulsing, and can support maximum count rates (MCR) up to 2 or 3 orders of magnitude faster than Geiger APDs. However, the early embodiments of this new photon-counting receiver have a much higher dark count rate (DCR) than InGaAs Geiger-mode APDs. In the Phase II project, Voxtel proposes to reduce the dark count contributions from both the APD and the transimpedance amplifier by developing a new embodiment Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=128 We propose to develop a commercially adequate, robust and perfomant OWL-based Integrity Constraint (IC) validation system with several innovations, including novel debugging and explanation support for data integrity errors; incremental and optimized validation of data integrity; and a unified system for validating structured, semi-structured, and semantic data. A rigorous and formal specification of the semantics of OWL-based ICs will also be delivered. The goal of Phase II works is to address two primary use cases:1) validation of data sources that are of arbitrary size and complexity, with arbitrary numbers of constraints, and non-trivial update rates; 2) validation of messages exchanged in Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=127 In the proposed Phase I SBIR program, Aymont Technology and CoolCAD Electronics will design and demonstrate prototype silicon carbide (SiC) avalanche photodiodes (APD) specifically designed for high-efficiency, single-photon counting of 121.6 nm Lyman-alpha photons. This detector will be provided to relevant personnel at NIST for calibration and testing. Both discrete APDs and arrays will be used to enable a 3 x 5 mm detector suitable for this prototype testing. The proposed research will build upon Aymont’s demonstration of a SiC APD with over one million multiplication gain and CoolCAD’s extensive modeling of 4H-SiC APDs for 135 nm applications. An absorption Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=126 This proposal is for the development of a technology apparatus which can dynamically synthesize a mechanical fingerprint pattern, from an electronic image or from a computer-generated artificial pattern, onto a 2-dimensional pliable surface whose surface height is modulated by protrusions in the z-axis direction. When mechanically applied to a fingerprint sensor-under-test, the synthesized modulated surface appears to be a human fingerprint. Thus, the instrument can be utilized to apply all sorts of pre-programmed, standardized, controlled and/or experimental fingerprint patterns to a variety of sensors-under-test. Some of the key parametric attributes of this technology are: greater-than-500dpi resolution, large contiguous active area Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=125 A stable, well characterized InGaAs materials growth and photodetector fabrication process will be used to fabricate matched photodiodes optimized for balanced homodyne detection. The 1-mm-diameter p-i-n photodetectors will be manufactured back-illuminated with a 5-micron absorber, allowing residual light to reflect off the front-side metal to make a double pass through the active layer. Ultra-high-purity InGaAs will be used so that the absorber can operate fully depleted at relatively low operating voltages (< -5 VDC). The ultra-pure InGaAs will also reduce variation across the 1-mm-diameter detector and prevent breakdown. Operating the detector fully depleted will decrease the carrier transport time and Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=124 The medical device market rises rapidly as innovation produces a stream of new applications. The added mobility offered by wireless telemetry is fueling a trend of wirelessly networked devices. Standard wireless interfaces like ISO/IEEE 11073 are increasingly being adopted for interoperability. This boosts the proliferation of wireless medical devices yet also generates reliability challenges due to wireless network overloading. Our proposal develops a Medical Network Traffic Recorder (MNTR) device that securely captures and logs medical wireless traffic over such standard storing and playing back this traffic. The real-time monitoring and data warehousing enabled by MNTR allows development of a real Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=123 An existing low-cost FPGA-based processing platform will be demonstrated with fiber-coupling to single-photon detectors, to perform photon-arrival time stamping with <25-ps jitter. Multi-channel auto/cross-correlation will be implemented along with dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis algorithms for fitting multiple diffusion models to measured samples. Existing Matlab and Simulink tools will be used to model the instrument, to perform design tradeoffs, and to develop a user interface for DLS experiments. An instrument specification will be finalized, including any necessary sensor and laser configuration and control interfaces, host I/O, memory, and identification of the features necessary for compatibility with the flow reactor and Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=122 IAI proposes to first develop the functional specification and architecture for the Policy Machine that can be deployed on a local machine as well as a networked platform such as LAN, web services, clouds etc. The policy machine at its core is a meta-data (attribute) based access control engine which utilized policy-based rules to allow or dis-allow use of resources. The attributes may belong to either the requester or the resources, and may depend on context. Ultimately, the Policy Machine will extend its enforcement mechanism not only over access requests in which all resources are desktop –based but also over Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=121 The NIST array was the first public-domain digital array hardware design. It introduced the (then) novel idea of live capture and streaming of raw array microphone audio over Ethernet for use by one or more computers on a network. The design has been improved over the years to bring it to the Mark III version 2 (2005). The present system is an excellent tool for research into microphone arrays, audiovisual computer interfaces, and smart spaces. With some modification to address existing issues, as well as the addition of some useful features, the system can be successfully tailored for a variety Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=120 Our society has become increasingly dependent on the reliability and proper functioning of a vast number of interconnected information systems. To improve the security of these systems, it is necessary to measure the amount of security provided by different systems and configuration since one cannot improve what cannot be measured. In this proposal, Intelligent Automation Inc. (IAI) and its consultant, Professor Sushil Jajodia from George Mason University, propose to develop a systematic toolkit including security metrics collection, security metrics integration, and data visualization components for scalable and automatic security analysis using security metrics. We will develop a security analysis toolkit Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=119 To address the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) need for a complete residential energy-monitoring system, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes to develop a new Comprehensive Wireless Residential Energy Monitoring (CORE) system. This system is based on unique integration of multifunctional sensors into a novel wireless sensor network architecture. The innovation in the CORE system design, combining novel in-house sensors with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) multifunctional sensors offers real-time comprehensive energy monitoring in a dwelling with low-power operation (battery/energy harvesting), long-lasting (about 5 years) performance, and low cost. Integration of these sensors on a wireless platform with a flexible radio Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=118 A major challenge in assessing the effectiveness of energy conservation measures in buildings is conveying real-time information about energy consumption by particular end-use to occupants. Advances needed to address this challenge for commercial success include making these components inexpensive, easy to install and operate, and supportive of intuitive decision making about energy usage. The gap related to ease of installation is especially evident for sensors used to monitor residential infrastructure, such as furnaces, boilers, water heaters, and air conditioners. To address cost, TIAX proposes to use cost as an independent variable to develop a sensor suite and communication system at Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=117 <p>NIST has developed an ultraviolet weathering device – SPHERE (Simulated Photodegradation via High Energy Radiant Emission) based on integrating sphere technology that is used to accelerate the degradation of polymeric materials. SphereOptics is a manufacturer of integrating spheres and has experience in developing high radiance output uniform sources based on sphere technology. Given its manufacturing background and technical expertise, SphereOptics is perfectly positioned to commercialize the SPHERE technology from NIST and target the following goals:</p> <ol> <li>Cost and size reduction to make this device simpler to install.</li> <li>Maintain the functionality and precision and accuracy of measurements of research system and extend it to Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=116 Based on our success in developing the world first commercial 10 W fs fiber laser and 100 uJ fs fiber laser, PolarOnyx proposes a compact 200 mW (> 2 nJ) and > 1000 nm spectral bandwidth (extending from 1000 nm to 2000 nm) dual band compact supercontinuum fiber laser source to address the NIST request. It will use the most advanced fs fiber laser at 1550 nm (developed in-house) and PCF technology to generate two required wavelength bands at 940 nm (with SHG) and 1370 nm. Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=115 Proposed here is the continued development of an innovative rheometer configuration design at NIST. It describes the determination of suitable detection, drive, control, software and assembly designs for a commercially viable, fully integrated device. The initial efforts will concentrate on examining the sub-systems of the design. An important feature of the proposed strategy is early commercial input to allow suitable performance specifications to be fixed early on. By examining competing instruments, and asking early questions of potential users, the design can be refined more accurately. In parallel to the development of the hardware and software modules, a detailed commercialization plan Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=114 This project will extend the microchannel resonator to the level of a few attograms, which will allow measurement of individual particles as small as 10 nanometers with unprecedented resolution. The Phase I effort will prove the feasibility of this approach by miniaturizing the MEMS sensors, thereby improving their intrinsic mass sensitivity up to 100-fold; and by simultaneously measuring the sensor resonant frequency with ultra-high precision. An eventual Phase II program would produce a complete nanoparticle measurement platform available for use at NIST and for commercial sale. Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=113 Carbon nanotubes are one of the most studied and potentially useful nanoparticles known. However, presently even the purest are only commercially available in mixtures of chiralities and lengths. Even though numerous lab scale methods to separate them have been demonstrated, few offer the potential to be scaled and offered as a product. Eikos has found that, for many applications, nanotube length is a far more critical variable for performance than chirality or electronic type. Eikos proposes to separate single walled carbon nanootubes by length using rate-based superspeed centrifugation. Eikos will develop a low-cost scalable process by using low g-force, large Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=112 We will design, build and test a multiple channel time-stamping coincidence detector capable of analyzing at least 32 TTL inputs and detecting complex combinatorial relationships among those inputs, time-stamping the detected event coincidences with a timing resolution no greater that 625 ps. User-friendly software will be provided to control the detector. Five copies of a prototype will be delivered. Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=111 Leveraging Agiltron’s recent breakthrough in the broad band and tunable photonic high-Q factor RF filtering technique, we propose to develop a high-spectral-purity, low-phase-noise, spurs-free opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) operating at W-band for the NIST applications. Based on our unique technical approach and successful development in low loss fiber optics, RF photonic components/modules, and the drastic improvement in cost and performance of commercial electro-optical components, this OEO will provide a millimeter-wavelength source with ultra-high purity signal at 90 GHz to 110 GHz at room temperature. This RF source is a highly tunable module with high speed. The practicality of such an OEO Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=110 The purpose of this project is to implement the process for a new method for the measurement of LED performance, but in a form that is low-cost, integrated, and easy-to-use, so that the barrier to entry is as low as is possible. Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=109 This SBIR Phase I effort will establish the feasibility of fabricating advanced waveguide structures in potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) capable of efficiently generating 25 to 40 mW of frequency converted light in the 395 to 480 nm. The key innovation in this effort is to utilize KTP waveguides in a single-pass frequency doubling device to efficiently produce the desired laser wavelengths and power. This approach is enabled by advances in waveguide processing which allows for the fabrication of uniform waveguide structures to be formed in commercially available KTP in conjunction with AdvR’s patented submount poling technique. The results of this Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=108 A GHz-rate phase-stabilized fiber-laser frequency comb system is proposed to be used as a light source for coherent Fourier transform spectroscopy. The system will be developed based on our proprietary glass/fiber technology, which features a low-cost, robust, highly stable, mid-infrared light source that enables the development of a robust portable c-FTIR spectrometer for absorption measurements of many important chemical/biological species. Both the pulse repetition rate and carrier-to-envelop offset frequency of the comb system are stabilized. High system stability is attributed to a sophisticated system design and a novel feedback design for the phase stabilization with an extremely high-bandwidth (>>50kHz). The Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=107 Aerosol delivery of pharmaceuticals is an effective means of treating numerous diseases. Proper administration of drugs in this form requires knowledge of the droplet size and concentration of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) within the aerosol. Optical imaging is a robust method for obtaining this information. Physical Sciences Incorporated proposes to develop, build, and test a novel measurement system including optical patternation that will monitor droplet size and API concentration produced by metered dose inhalers. The development program will enhance the NIST prototype system by adding optical patternation software capable of quantifying the API concentration using fluorescence intensity measurements and Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=106 The Temperature=Programmed Sensing (TPS) system developed at NIST presents many opportunities and unique challenges. The data output from the system can be quite complex and there are many opportunities to optimize the system for specific sensing scenarios. We propose a program aimed at characterizing the system so that potential problems (such as system drift) can be solved early so that the full potential of the system can be realized. The plan includes studies on the stability and theoretical functionality of the sensors. This will result in procedures for instrument standardization and data base-lining. After this is accomplished, advanced preprocessing methods Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=105 A wireless sensor and actuator network capable of providing precision time synchronization between the nodes of the network will be developed. The IEEE 1451.0 smart transducer interface and IEEE 1588 time synchronization standards will be combined, with additional software and hardware to provide synchronization between the clocks on the Wireless Transducer Interface Modules (WTIM) sensors/actuators, or nodes. The 6LowPAN option of the IEEE 1451.5 standard will be used to implement the network. The network will be demonstrated with several WTIMs and an NCAP or Internet gateway. Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=104 The NIST patented six-degree of freedom micropositioner technology associated with this subtopic has been identified by E M Optomechanical, Inc. (EMOM) as a technology that could be incorporated into the company’s long-working distance interference microscopes. A key element in these microscopes is a piezo-actuator device, installed in a manual pitch/yaw mount, which translates a small flat mirror in nanometer-scale motions. Drawbacks in using piezo-actuators include their cost, fragility, non-linear motion, hysteresis, and high dc voltages required. EMOM believes the NIST patented micro-positioner technology could be used to develop a three-axis actuator that could replace the piezo-actuator and the pitch/yaw mount Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=103 We propose the definition, design, and prototype development of a software tool for use by the U.S. manufacturing community to enable the automated production of design-based measurement strategies of known reliability and high economic efficiency for coordinate measuring machines (CMMs). The measurement strategies so generated will meet the objective of reducing overall costs to near-minimal values, based on consideration of costs associated with both the direct use of the suggested measurement strategy and with its attendant risks of Type I and Type II accept/reject decision errors. The measurement programs will be created in a CMM-independent format (DMIS) to be applicable Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=102 High resolution magnetic mapping is a technique that has shown great value in the forensic evaluation of magnetic audio recording tapes. The use of single element raster scan systems has shown that the technique has promise in diagnosing many other systems where internal currents or magnetized inclusions generate external measurable fields. NIST has developed a 256 channel MR array sensor that has significantly increased the data collection rate for 2D magnetic field scans, with high resolution compatible with forensic evaluation of audio magnetic tape. ARC believes that if a system is established that can demonstrate the diagnostic ability of magnetic imaging with Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=101 In this program, we propose to develop the Auto-limiting transmission lines using HTS. The first focus is to modify the NIST designs for fabrication by an outside vendor. The second focus is to fabricate the limiter designs using co-evaporation for deposition of the HTS material and compare the achieved device parameters. The third focus is the integration of the limiter onto a cryocooler. We will then have all the building blocks to develop a prototype HTS limiter subsystem in Phase II. Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=100 A simulation platform to develop multi-posed models for micro-Doppler sensing is proposed. CAD model based human subject models, and hardware accelerated bio-electromagnetic modeling will be developed to understand EM interaction with human subject models. Since each organ is defined via a set of vertex coordinates, various morphing algorithm can be implemented. Consequently, the proposed models (virtual family model) can easily be opened and manipulated by open source software package OpenSim or other commercial software packages such as AMIRA, Rhino, and etc. Such flexibility in the CAD models allows for the following functions: 1) Simultaneous and realistic arbitrary positioning of the Thu, 01 Oct 2009 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=99 This SBIR project aims to develop a new class of low-field magnetic sensors based on magnetic tunnel junctions with magnesium oxide (MgO) tunnel barriers. The phase 1 effort aims to maximize the high-frequency sensitivity of the MgO-MTJ sensor devices by optimizing the magnetic characteristics of the free electrode. By using new and novel combinations of magnetic materials, in conjunction with proper post-deposition thermal magnetic treatments, the free layer's magnetic anisotropy will be greatly reduced, improving device sensitivity. We will develop improved annealing procedures to minimize the effects of interlayer magnetic coupling on the new sensor devices, and to linearize the Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=98 This NIST Phase 1 SBIR effort will demonstrate the feasibility of low noise single photon up conversion using KTiOPO4 (KTP) or LiNbO3 (LN) or Stoichiometric LiTaO3 (SLT) periodically poled waveguides and an 1800nm pump for a high efficiency single photon detector. The key innovation is using low noise periodically poled waveguides with a long wavelength (1800nm) pump leading to higher efficiency single photon detectors when used with Silicon-based avalanche single photon detectors (Si-APD). Use of waveguide Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) for 1535nm to 828.5nm up-conversion coupled with inexpensive and very efficient SI-APD technology is expected to significantly increase single photon Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=97 The proposed effort is to build a high resolution, high speed spatial light modulator (SLM) to be used in infrared (IR) spectral projectors. An IR spectral projector produces programmable spectra by dispersing light onto a programmable array, currently digital micromirror devices (DMDs), which either transmit or block selected components of the light. the light is then recombined to form complex spectral signatures. Due to small pixel sizes and binary operation per pixel, diffraction from the DMD creates severe problems for many applications. This proposal addresses these problems through the development of a SLM that is spatially continuous within each spectral Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=96 New innovative technology for the visually impaired has been developed by NIST. If commercialized, it would provide refreshable tactile graphical information to the visually impaired, enabling them to compete on a more equal footing in the workplace and the education system. Currently, accessing graphical tactile information is expensive and cumbersome. This is a huge impediment for the visually impaired as graphical information is a core asset in the computer age – conveying essential complex information efficiently. The research team will advance the NIST display technology by improving its pin density, screen size, refresh rates, reset mechanisms and user interface. Phase Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=95 In order to realize robust, inexpensive and routine DNA sequencing for medical, forensic, security and defense applications, new approaches must be pursued. One approach is the rapid readout of individual nucleotides as a single strand of DNA is drawn through a nanometer scale aperture. Although progress has been made with nanopore sequencing, some fundamental instrumental and system problems have so far kept the method from realizing its potential. The solution is to develop a system with low inherent noise and an ability to improve current sensitivity without driving the polynucleotide faster. Electronic Bio Sciences is proposing to develop an alternating Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=94 This SBIR technology transfer program offers the opportunity to produce a new generation of advanced large area and monolithic pryoelectric detector arrays that fully exploit the benefits of domain engineering and "smart-cut" technologies. SRICO will Investigate domain-engineering patterns to reduce acoustic noise as well as techniques to optimize a thin film absorber to enhance the detector absorptivity without substantially increasing thermal mass. Also, a method to extend domain engineering to create monolithic broadband position sensors and arrays will be explored. Smart-cut transfer of domain patterned crystal films on order of a few microns thick to silicon would enable formation of Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=93 Under this proposal, Virtual Global, Inc. proposes to work with NIST to develop RBAC-BASED WORKFLOW, a workflow system that will use RBAC in a web services model as a form of middleware that can be "packaged" accessed, configured, and reused by integrating with existing trusted RBAC implementations.</p><p>RBAC-BASED WORKFLOW will be developed in accordance with web services standards and protocols so that it may be accessed by a number of web-based applications, including Virtual Globals's enterprise team management and collaboration software application, TeamLeader^TM.</p> Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=92 A key factor of international efforts to identify and suppress the supply of and demand for nuclear materials, and thereby to deter potential traffickers, is the ability to accurately identify contradicted material and ultimately to trace it back to its origin. Alpha particle spectroscopy is widely used in nuclear forensics to assay trace quantities of sensitive nuclear materials, but the limited spectral resolution of conventional alpha spectrometers limits their effectiveness to perform high-accuracy assays of such materials. STAR Cryoelectronics proposes to develop a high-resolution alpha spectrometer based on microcalorimeter detectors offering nearly a ten-fold improvement in energy resolution, thereby enabling Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=91 This SBIR deals with developing a commercial AC Resistance-Ratio Bridge based on research work done by R. D. Cutkosky at NIST during the 1980's. His initial work will be extended by this Phase 1 project to allow for a new state-of-the-art product design and development. The product, the Model 8686 Precision Resistance-Ratio Bridge, will have an operating current range from 0.1mA to 10mA user selectable. It will have two measurement ranges: a 40-ohm range (with 0.1uohm sensitivity) and a 400-ohm range. The unit will be able to work from any line voltage worldwide. The Model 8686's intended use is in Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=90 This proposal introduces the Detecting Intrusion from Network Anomalies (DINA) system, which uses data mining tools to automatically detect anomalous behaviors that can be related to undesired intrusion and/or attacks upon computer networks, as well as other use patterns which may indicate behaviors which are non-hostile but still problematic. The application will make use of Ensembles of Decision Trees (EDTs) to mine the data and detect those anomalous behaviors. The system will utilize a Relational Database (RDBMS)/Data Warehouse (DW) Architecture that can be used to build, manage, deploy, score, and detect anomalies, all within the database. The model and approach Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=89 The work proposed will provide a demonstration of feasibility and specific design recommendations for building an elevated-temperature resonating crystal balance with nanogram sensitivity. The approach will build upon existing technology commercialized by Masscal for operating a QCM in a temperature-controlled calorimeter. Precise temperature control and new types of crystal sensors will be used to greatly extend the temperature range of operation, reduce measurement errors at higher temperatures, and increase practical usability of the final product. In Phase I, we will (1) demonstrate current capability in gases under 100°C; (2) extend the capability to include aqueous solutions up to 85°C (3) Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=88 Most commercial filters have significant loss even in the passband of the filter. This problem is further exacerbated when the filter must be integrated or inserted within an optical fiber. Translume has developed over the last few years means and expertise to micromachine single-mode fiber using a combination of femtosecond laser pulses and highly anisotropic hydrofluoric acid etching. We propose to use this unique knowledge to fabricate in-fiber Fabry-Perot filters that meet NIST requirements. Furthermore, our integrated monolithic Fabry-Perot filters will be immune to the long-term drift and sensitivity to the environment that is plaguing other Fabry-Perot filter designs. Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=87 Optical Physics Company is proposing a three axis interferometer instrument which measures the one dimensional linear translation and the two-dimensional angular deflection in pitch and yaw of a 7 mm mirror 18-23 cm away. The design is simple and compact, fitting within a 5x5x7.5 cm volume. An initial lab demonstration has already been completed showing performance parameters better than NIST requirements. The linear displacement precision was shown to 0.0089 nm (versus the 0.1 nm requirement) covering a working range from 18 cm to 23 cm. The demonstrated angular precision is 0.071 arc-seconds (versus the 0.1 arc-second requirement) with a range Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=86 Identify and study candidate architectures for supporting and cooling massive (~5 Kg) arrays of transition edge sensors, achieving hold times for one week at temperatures below 100mK. Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=85 A novel chemical vapor deposition (CVD) based step-flow epitaxy process is proposed for controllable growth of SiC nanowires with high polytype integrity. The SiC nanowires will be grown in a modified commercial high-temperature CVD reactor, used by industry for growing high-quality SiC epitaxial thin films. Different polytypes of SiC nanowires will be grown by choosing appropriate substrate materials as well as tuning the Si/C molar ratio in the precursor species. The nanowires will be grown on off-oriented substrates, in an attempt to ensure polytype purity. Various techniques for controlling the diameter, orientation and doping type / concentration of the SiC Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=84 Modern supercontinuum (SC) light sources are generated by non-linear interactions between ultrashort pulse lasers and optical fibers. Output in near-ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelength ranges has been demonstrated. These light sources have high brightness and are spatially coherent. Recently, output to 4.5µm was achieved using fluoride glass fibers; optical absorption by the fiber prevents longer wavelength output. Challenges to extending SC sources to the mid-IR (out to 12µm) are the development of low-loss fiber materials (propagation in conventional glass fibers is limited by material absorption), the development of new, highly nonlinear materials, and designs that allow for mode confinement within the Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=83 The recent emergence of the Silicon Drift detector (SDD), for use in Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), has made possible x-ray event streams with input count rates in the range of 1-10 Mcps. Modern digital pulse processors are therefore required to run at fast time constants to achieve reasonable throughput; however, this causes significant coincidence artifacts to appear in the spectrum, thus complicating analysis. Phase I will design and demonstrate an improved coincidence rejection system based on 4pi's digital pulse processor development, and earlier pulse-shape analysis and recovery research. Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=82 outhwest Sciences proposes development of residential fire sensing systems based on low cost optical imaging sensors combined with newly introduced highly miniaturized, low power CO sensors. Sensor modules will also include temperature sensors. The modules will be part of a low power wireless network. Each module will be about ½ the size of a business card, a few mm thick, and will operate for at least a year using a lithium battery. Volume production will keep prices low enough (we aim for $10) that it will be practical to install at least one in each room of a residence. Sensor Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=81 New fire barrier methods are necessary to protect furniture and mattresses from fire. Current California (and soon National) regulations require mattresses to be able to pass the mattress fire burn test. Typical barrier fabrics use self extinguishing fibers with high limiting oxygen index (LOI) to create a barrier that the flame cannot pass. A second approach creates a carbon barrier that is formed during the fire. The carbon barrier is formed through the carbonization of the fibers in the fiber. Tex Tech plans to demonstrate the ability to manufacture lightweight felt barriers that can stop the flame spread, eliminate foam Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=80 The most practical arrangement for investigating moving fires within a restricted space is to use a high- resolution stand off technique. One such method that fits this description is the use of a staring infrared (IR) sensing device (i.e. imager). Infrared imagers (also known as thermal imagers) respond to thermal energy radiating from an object surface. For flame measurements, this technique has the added benefit of sampling high-energy content, which will effectively boost the signal-to-noise ratio – a critical metric for imaging systems A robust thermal imaging device with a digital data processing engine and prescribed multi-spectral filtering presents an Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=79 Technology research and development in such areas as next-generation atomic clocks, quantum information processing with trapped ions, and atomic spectroscopy is impeded by the lack of commercially available laser sources that meet the required specifications of wavelength tuning range, output power, frequency-stability and reliability. Arete Associates is developing frequency-stable Optically Pumped Semiconductor Lasers (OPSLs) to meet these specifications. OPSL technology exhibits a unique combination of compactness, efficiency, high power, wavelength tunability, and excellent beam quality. The objective of this Phase 1 SBIR effort is to assess the feasibility and robustness of single-frequency operation of two different OPSL cavity designs. The Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=78 Conversion of highly stable optical clocks into electrical clocks through photodetection introduces excess phase noise and degrades the frequency stability by two to three orders of magnitude. This noise is primarily generated due to the conversion of optical intensity noise into electrical phase noise by the photodiode’s nonlinearity, specifically power-to-phase conversion. We will enhance the photodiode linearity through optical beam shaping using axially varying graded index (AV-GRIN) lens. The proposed AV-GRIN lens coupled InGaAs/InP p-i-n photodiode will have a power-to-phase conversion factor of 3rad /W over a bandwidth of 18GHz, and will reduce the excess phase noise by an Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=77 VIPA etalons are simple, compact devices that offer many times more dispersion than gratings and are finding increasing application where higher spectral resolution is needed. Current VIPA fabrication methods limit efficiency, spectral resolution, filter response, and spectral bandwidth. Precision Photonics proposes to use its enhanced optical fabrication capabilities to build advanced VIPA prototypes that improve upon each of these areas. A photolithographic mask will lower the incident angle, improving VIPA efficiency. Thin-film coatings will be developed that are ultra-broadband and result in higher finesse values for the VIPA, thus improving spectral bandwidth and resolution. Improvements to the VIPA optical surface Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=76 Voxtel proposes to develop fiber-coupled near-infrared avalanche photodiode (APD) receivers with photon detection efficiency (PDE) and dark count rate (DCR) with more than two orders of magnitude faster maximum count rate (MCR) than Geiger-mode APDs, which are constrained by a fundamental tradeoff between DCR and MCR: if the APD is cooled to reduce DCR, then its dead time must increase to avoid afterpulsing, which reduces MCR. Linear APDs are not subject to this constraint, and so can be operated with dead times less than 1 ns. This improvement in MCR translates into a proportional improvement in single photon bit rate, Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=75 The 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) protocol has significant advantages for relative time synchronization on wireless networks. To synchronize the sensors into an absolute universal time coordinate system (UTC), the Grandmaster Clock needs to be synchronized to an external “clock”, e.g. a GPS-based clock. Dedicated GPS Grandmaster Clocks exist, but are expensive in both power-consumption and hardware required, especially given the infrequency with which external synchronization between the local clock of the grandmaster and the UTC time is needed. Under this effort, we propose an innovative solution based on NAVSYS’ GPS and ZigBee technology to develop a low cost timing Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=74 We propose to evaluate tree dominant semantics for description logic integrity constraints, as well as multiple proposals for adding syntax for integrity constraint axioms, to the Web Ontology Language standard, OWL. Further, we propose to implement a semantics, in the form of a syntax compiler and data set validator, in order to establish the feasibility and utility of such work for the validation of supply chain management messages, as well as for other, related forms of information integration based on ontologies. Being able to selectively manage open world an closed world reasoning assumptions allows the use of OWL as an Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=73 We propose to demonstrate near infrared (NIR) sensor arrays with 10 times lower noise than arrays presently available to improve the sensitivity of current spectroscopy systems. Such an achievement would allow the measurement of new phenomena through Raman spectroscopy and other diagnostic techniques. The low noise performance is enabled by the use of low-noise Si readout integrated circuits mated to low-capacitance InGaAs detector arrays. Arrays using these two technologies have never been combined for spectroscopy applications. The new InGaAs sensor array is expected to achieve less than 20 electrons of read noise and quantum efficiency of greater than 80% at Mon, 01 Oct 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=72 SMI proposes Gigabit/second Random Number Generator using the white phase noise generated by delayed optical homodyne. In Phase 1, we have successfully demonstrated and delivered to NIST a bench-top proof of concept of the proposed random noise generator operating at >10 Mega-bit/second. This bench-top demonstration unit is operating today in the NIST laboratories. The delivered system successfully passed all the NIST statistical tests that could be finished on that delivery day. We proposed to further increase the speed of the random number generator, to further extend its frequency band to cover from DC to 10 Giga bits/second, and to supply Mon, 01 Oct 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=71 The objective of this proposal is to create a prototype imaging variable kinetic energy electron analyzer in the range 0.1 to 8 keV for use with an X-ray excitation source. The imaging analyzer is to have a target imaging spatial resolution of 100 nm. The X-ray excitation source will be a synchrotron light source. The instrument can be described as an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) microscope XPM. The microscope will use a magnetic immersion projection lens and an electrostatic hemispherical electron analyzer. The images the microscope will produce will be multidimensional spectrographic images. A second objective of this proposal is Mon, 01 Oct 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=70 NIST is seeking a large-area solar simulator to overcome the shortcomings of current devices. Therefore, Physical Optics Corporation (POC) developed in Phase I a new Holographic Light-Emitting-Diode (LED)-Based Solar Simulator (HOLIOS) system based on: high-power LEDs with electronic drivers; holographic filters; and collimating, homogenizing, and projection optics for indoor testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules. The combination produces an irradiation spectrum precisely matched to the solar irradiation spectrum, with a uniformity or +/-2% over the entire area. In Phase I POC delivered to NIST a proof-of-concept prototype with an array of high-power LEDs and one-of-a-kind LED driver electronics to produce irradiance Mon, 01 Oct 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=68 Open Tech will create an interactive multi-user collaboration product for immersive and desktop scientific visualization. This product will leverage our Virtual Reality Windowing Library to enable an easy to use collaboration interface that includes user lists, radars, maps, avatars, white boards, and virtual presentations. The product will also contain a software framework that enables developers to create new collaborative applications that will also run on immersive clusters and may include complex simulations and user interactions. Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=67 Williams-Pyro, Inc. (WPI) has designed and successfully demonstrated a proof-of-concept of the Distributed Automatic Reconfigurable Transponder (DART) that will be capable of achieving distributed multi-nodal voice/data communication for fire fighters. In Phase 2 we will focus on developing a fully functional system that reduces communication failure while maintaining a robust and flexible system. Specifically, WPI proposes to develop a fully functional AccuTag™-based DART, which consists of a series of distributed nodes that will relay voice transmission and data to the incident commander located outside the building. The DART system will be based on state-of-the-art technologies, allowing several distributed DARTs to Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=66 Regenerative medicine is an emerging, interdisciplinary field that will result in new engineered medical products. The introduction of a high-resolution, non-destructive imaging technique that is capable of penetrating deeply into the highly-scattering scaffold medium has the means to accelerate the development and commercial utilization of these novel materials. Multi-photon microscopy (MPM) is based on the detection of the fluorescence emitted by endogenous or exogenous markers. Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) delivers information on the sample's scattering properties. These modalities provide different imaging contrast mechanisms. It is highly desirable to combine both imaging functions into a single instrument. We propose to design Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=65 NOVA Scientific proposes a high-resolution neutron imaging detector having a specialized neutron-sensitive electron amplified detection stage integrated with a cross-strip electronic readout capable of centroid averaging. Phase 1 efforts demonstrated spatial resolutions of 15 µm with high detection efficiency and moderate counting rates. The Phase 2 proposed program will carry out further detector enhancements with construction of neutron-sensitive 40 mm MCPs having 5 µm pores on 6 µm centers and a specialized bias angle to enhance detection efficiency. The MCP glass will be specially formulate to minimize gamma noise events. Integrated with a more advanced electronic readout, the system objectives Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=64 A high sensitivity laser-induced incandescence system is proposed for the detailed characterization of environmental soot. The Phase 1 effort has clearly demonstrated the feasibility of (1) reducing the lower detection limit of soot volume fraction and increasing the overall measurement range by at least 2 orders of magnitude from what is currently achievable, and (2) providing PM particle size measurement capability. The prototype instrument to be developed in Phase 2 will be capable of real-time PM measurement over any engine transient operation. It will also have orders of magnitude more sensitivity than the gravimetric technique. The wide dynamic range and Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=63 The Phase 2 objective is to provide NIST with a modular gauge head unit equipped with InsituTec's standing wave probe technology. The complete gauge head unit will be retrofitted to the NIST M48 which is one of the most precise measuring machines in the world. This unit will enable NIST to achieve the agency's program goal in dimensional metrology which is to provide microscale measurement capacity to a level suitable for calibration services. At the end of the program, NIST will have a working measuring machine with the ability to measure challenging microscale features such as channels or holes <50 Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=62 This effort creates foundations for highly automated simulation tools that predict warpage in printed circuit boards and assemblies (PCAs/PCBs) and chip packages. Our technique, MHS, provides core capabilities to automate warpage and other problems that were impractical until now. MHS extends a multi-representation approach the PI first conceived at Georgia Tech for CAD-CAE interoperability. This method defines and combines key ingredients in a novel way: rich product models based on open standards, idealization capture, advanced analytical modeling and finite element meshing, and a modular architecture based on knowledge patterns. Phase 2 accelerates this work towards commercialization by exploring effective meshing Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=69 This proposal provides a breakthrough solution to realize a compact broadly-tunable THz local-oscillator, whose tuning range covers 0.8-1.2 THz with flat output power in excess of 200 uW. The innovation is based on high efficiency intra-cavity difference frequency generation. A dual cavity laser is designed to generate two separate frequency lasers, which share an EO crystal inside the cavity for THz generation. The THz frequency can be tuned by changing the EO crystal orientation. The output power can be controlled by an externally applied analog signal provided by the user. The power consumption is <40 W. In Phase I, the Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=61 As more and more information is stored digitally and transmitted over the Internet, data and communication security becomes an ever more severe problem facing the military, the government and the financial industry, both for the United States and for all other developed countries. The need for data encryption technology is most urgent. One of the key technologies involved is the generation of truly random numbers. Having worked extensively on the random noise behavior of light-emitting devices, researching and developing both broad-band light-emitting diodes and low-noise semiconductor lasers for many different areas of applications, SMI proposes Gigabit/second Random Number Generator using Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=60 Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=59 The objective of this proposal is to create a prototype imaging variable kinetic energy electron analyzer in the range 0.1 to 8 keV for use with an X-ray excitation source. The imaging analyzer is to have a target imaging spatial resolution of 100 nm. The X-ray excitation source will be a synchrotron light source. The instrument can be described as an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) microscope XPM. The microscope will use a magnetic immersion projection lens and an electrostatic hemispherical electron analyzer. Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=58 We propose to demonstrate near infrared (NIR) InGaAs sensor arrays with 55% lower noise than arrays presently available to improve the sensitivity of current spectroscopy systems. The low noise performance will be enabled by the use of low-noise source follower per detector ROICs, which are also used in astronomy with HgCdTe for low noise measurements. With design improvements to current available ROICs, the new InGaAs sensor array is expected to achieve less than 20 electrons of read noise and quantum efficiency of greater than 80% at 77K. Such a sensor would directly lead to higher sensitivity than presently available at Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=57 NIST is seeking a large area solar simulator to overcome the shortcomings of current solar simulators. To meet this need, Physical Optics Corp. (POC) proposed to develop a new Holographic Light-Emitting-Diode-Based Solar Simulator (HOLIOS) based on holographic gratings, holographic diffuser, high-power light emitting diodes with electronic drivers, collimating and projection optics, and photodetectors for monitoring output. HOLIOS can accurately simulate both solar irradiance under a wide range of air mass conditions, and atmospheric absorption by water, oxygen, ozone, and carbon dioxide molecules. It can irradiate a 1.5 m by 1.5 m area at irradiance levels that can be varied from Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=56 There is an increasing demand for systems with more autonomous operations interacting with other autonomous and human-based systems. What is needed is an architecture bundled with developer tools for the creation of intelligent real-time control systems that marry the talents of modern control theory, software technology, sensory processing, and semantic knowledge representations. It would be a step closer to mimicking the human cognitive capabilities in a blended software/hardware system. 21st Century Systems, Inc. is pleased to propose to research and develop an intelligent agent toolset for 4D/RCS architectures. Our proposed research will use the 4D/RCS cognitive architecture and will extend Sun, 01 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=55 Open Tech, Inc. seeks to develop a Virtual Environment Windowing Library (VEWL) that will provide users with an intuitive user interface and device independent interaction methods. The interface will allow users in a virtual environment to run applications and configure the environment using the same windows and controls that they are used to using on desktop systems. The software will provide for complete device independence, allowing users of any system to use the software regardless of the input devices that they are using (e.g. wands, mice, keyboards, PDAs, etc). The software will help facilitate the application development process for programmers, Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=54 Summit Safety will develop an ultrasonic, non-contact sensor and system capable of detecting small displacements of structure - such as roof sagging and structural bending - and the acoustic sounds and fire-induced vibrations of structures that are precursors of structural collapse. The system will provide advanced warning to the Incident Commander of potential or imminent structure collapse. In Phase 1, the basic sensor was built, with the capability of measuring displacements under a thousandth of an inch at a distance of up to 12 feet from the structure. Velocity and acceleration signals provide additional motion sensing. For acceleration measurements, the Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=53 Detector Technology will develop and manufacture a 10cm2 large format cone. The cone will be based on a ceramic substrate then coated with glass frit. The cone will then be attached to a standard single channel multiplier. Detector Technology will also investigate different low work function coatings to improve the first strike statistic of fluorescence. Simultaneous research in conjunction with sub-contractor, Nova Scientific, will include a large format microreticular, microfiber, or microsphere plate, which would also be enhanced by Detector Technology with a low work function coating. The final unit will be tested at Brookhaven National Labs for efficiency of Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=52 Parallax Research, Inc. proposes to build an Ultra-High Vacuum compatible Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (WDS) that can be used on small spot Auger, XPS, TEM and FESEM analytical instruments for elemental analysis. The effort draws upon Parallax's experience in designing WDS systems for Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM) and for XRF. This new type of x-ray spectrometer will eliminate the sources of leakage that plagued previous WDs systems used on UHV systems by using UHV compatible materials, motion feedthroughs and by replacing the leak prone gas flow proportional counter x-ray detector. During Phase 1, Parallax tested a potential proportional counter replacement Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=51 During Phase 1 Atometric developed and demonstrated principles of a four-axis micro machine. This machine is capable of machining metal parts that are sized within 50mm cube to an accuracy within one micron. Our goal is to develop a micro machine that is applicable to a broad commercial market. Three additional features need to be added to make the machine fully commercially viable. These three features are: an automatic tool sensor; an automatic tool changer; and, automatic part programming utilizing data from computer aided design programs. The proposed Phase 2 research focuses on developing those three features. Our proposed research Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=50 A low-cost superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter spectrometer is described for high energy and high spatial resolution X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and microanalysis. The proposed microcalorimeter instrument offers an energy resolution that is comparable to and potentially even better than wavelength dispersive spectrometers, thereby enabling the resolution of interfering peaks at low energies, while the energy dispersive nature of the microcalorimeter also means that the full X-ray spectrum is immediately available for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The TES microcalorimeter spectrometer will address and meet a critical need for new, cost-effective analytical tools for high resolution X-ray microanalysis in materials Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=49 Application of NIR photon counting technology is impeded by the marginal performance of available detectors. We will develop new InGaAs/InP APD designs optimized for Geiger mode photon counting, delivering ten re-designed APDs, having detection probability greater than 50% and dark count rate less than ten thousand per second. During Phase II we will develop a new computer model of the Geiger mode APD, and use the model to produce improved designs with higher photon detection probability, lower dark count rate, and less afterpulsing. At the conclusion of Phase II we will deliver a turnkey photon counting detector module to NIST Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=48 Homeland Security/First Responder networks require increased bandwidth and reliable connectivity. Future networks such as Project SAFECOM may deploy software-defined radios (SDR) compatible with Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) Software Communications Architecture (SCA). We leverage our SCA compatible, high assurance “Smart Radio” prototype being developed under an AFRL sponsored Phase II SBIR as a infrastructure testbed accesible by academic and industry researchers. Our prototype includes a CC EAL4+ laptop with SCA core framework, PCMCIA module with NSA Type I AIM CS/S, Xilinx Virtex II Pro FPGA, and a High Assurance Wireless Computing System (HAWCS™) security layer which defeats blended wireless and Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=47 Open Tech proposes to develop a fully extensible collaborative tools framework that combines powerful features, and intuitive user interface, and the ability to easily implement new and imaginative object interaction techniques. The tools will allow users of both local and remote immersive VE systems to join together in a single shared VE that allows them to interact with each other and with objects in the VE simultaneously. Desktop and immersed users can collaboratively leverage the strengths of both platforms simultaneously to conduct research. Communication and collaboration are important aspects in most scientific research, and our proposed collaboration technologies will bring Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=46 The pressing need exists within industry to accurately measure high aspect ratio microscale structures. For example, diesel injector nozzles are manufactured with microscale holes ranging from 50-200 micrometers in diameter and 3-5 mm depths. One fundamental challenge is to nondestrucvely measure these features in order to validate models, enhance manufacturing processes, and reduce fuel emissions. Current measurement technologies are limited due to probe size (i.e. > 30 micrometers in diameter) and often produce unwanted adhesive forces during the measurement process. The objective of this SBIR program is to develop a 2D high aspect ratio microscale force probe; representing a collaborative Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=45 This proposal focuses on developing Distributed Automatic Reconfigurable Trasponder (DART) system that is capable of achieving distributed multi-nodal voice/data communication for firefighters. Specifically, Williams-Pyro, Inc. proposes to develop an enhanced prototype of distributed Automated Reconfigurable Intelligent Radios, which consists of a series of distributed nodes that will relay voice transmission and data to the incident commander located outside the building. The proposed DART system will allow several distributed DARTs to communicate between individual team members inside the structure, as well as with the incident commander located outside the structure. This system will allow faster, more accurate information transmission, resulting in Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=44 Regenerative medicine is an emerging, interdisciplinary field that will result in new engineered medical products. The introduction of a high-resolution, non-destructive imaging technique that is capable of penetrating deeply into the highly-scattering scaffold medium has the means to accelerate the development and commercial utilization of these novel materials. Multi-photon microscopy (MPM) is based on the detection of the fluorescence emitted by endogenous or exogenous markers. Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) delivers information on the sample's scattering properties. These modalities provide different imaging contrast mechanisms. It is highly desirable to combine both imaging functions into a single instrument. We propose to design Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=43 APDs offer tremendous potential for the numerous applications in which photon densities are extremely low and the ability to count single photons is essential. Researchers have recently found that the optimization of InP-based APDs for counting photons may require innovative design approaches that are quite distinct from those shown to optimize APD linear mode performance. For this program, we propose to design and fabricate InP-based APDs for which the avalanche dynamics are optimized specifically for photon counting using design concepts that incorporate novel bandgap engineering approaches. In particular, these concepts will allow us to achieve increased detection efficiency at 1.5 Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=42 Nova Scientific proposes a high-resolution neutron imaging detector having a specialized neutron-sensitive electron amplified detection stage integrated with a cross-strip electronic readout capable of centroid averaging. This detector system will have direct application to two-dimensional imaging of hydrogen fuel cells and support the diagnostic capabilities of the Neutron Imaging Facility (NIF) at NIST. Applications include high-resolution neutron radiography for fuel cells and nondestructive testing, neutron scattering, SANS experimentation, neutron beam diagnostics, and materials research. Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=41 A high sensitivity laser-induced incandescence system is proposed for the detailed characterization of environmental soot. Specifically, innovative approaches have been proposed to (1) reduce the lower detection limit of soot volume fraction and increase the overall measurement range by an order of magnitude from what is currently achievable, and (2) provide PM particle size and number density measurement capability. The proposed LII technique will be capable of real-time particulate matter measurements over any engine transient operation. It will also have orders of magnitude more sensitivity than the gravimetric technique. The wide dynamic range and lower detection limit of LII make Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=40 One of the standard analytical tools on almost all electron microscopes (EM) is an energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) detector used for chemical analysis. However, there are many limitations with the current generation of EDS detectors for EM. The best potential for achieving larger detector active areas, superb energy resolution and an order of magnitude higher count rate compared with conventional EDS detectors, comes from a new detector technology - the silicon drift detector. We will develop a large solid angle detector (up to 0.8 srad), with low noise electronics, specifically for the high vacuum, demanding environments of the analytical Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=39 The objective of this Phase 1 effort is to demonstrate the feasibility of printed circuit assembly (PCA) warpage simulation through a novel combination of advanced AP210-based printed circuit board (PCB) simulation methods and cutting-edge general-purpose mesh generation tools. Our proposed solution, the extended multi-representation architecture (MRA), embodies an innovative approach that combines rich product models based on open standards, idealization knowledge capture, advanced analytical modeling and FEA meshing, and modular architecture. The specific technical aims are to demonstrate the effective integration of MRA and advanced meshing approaches, evaluate the required fidelity of PCB and component models, and compare the simulation Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=38 There are emerging markets that are driven by advances in x-ray micro-calorimeters. These detectors allow an energy resolution 10x better than existing commercial x-ray detectors. The primary application is the detection and analysis of nanoscale particle contaminates in IC production. The temperature stability of the micro-calorimeter is critical for real-time analysis and maintaining the x-ray line positions. A cryogen-free ADR is used to provide temperatures less than 100 mK. However, there is not an existing control system that can provide the required temperature stability and complete cooling cycle automation. Lake Shore will develop a complete control system. This includes thermometry, Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=37 Homeland security and first responders need high quality & timely information upon which to make critical decisions. In a number of homeland security scenarios, the information will be a distillation of data gathered from an array of sensors. Such data can consist of temperature, vibration and the like along with the position of each sensor. This project proposes meeting this need through an innovative combination of GPS technologies and wireless sensors using the IEEE 1451 family of standards. Each sensor or actuator will connect to a Transducer Interface Module (TIM) that provides the necessary sensor communications capability. Each TIM contains Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=36 A method to take three polymers with varying viscosities and mixing those polymers together at the point of interest or more specifically through a micro dispensing nozzle, is being proposed. An active mixing scheme to ensure proper mixing at the pen tip is a feasible approach to this problem. The materials being mixed will not only range in viscosity but also in particle loading, which will be handled appropriately without clogging the tip. The mixing, polymer ratios and dispensing volume will all be under computer control for consistent and repeatable results. This will also allow for a combinatorial approach to Sat, 01 Oct 2005 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=35 NIST desires to develop a standard of pressure in the range 0.3 MPa to 10 MPa based on measurements of the dielectric constants of gaseous helium and argon. This requires capacitance measurements having a better linearity than can be made with any currently available product. It is proposed that the design of the currently most precise commercial capacitance bridge be modified to improve its linearity by at least an order of magnitude. Resolution, stability and temperature coefficient are also to be improved. Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=34 Xidex proposes to demonstrate the feasibility of calibrating a critical-dimension atomic force microscope (CD-AFM) without the use of a reference artifact in such a way that high-precision critical dimensions can be generated independently of changes in probe tip shape. We plan to demonstrate sub-nanometer repeatability for tip-to-tip calibration, and demonstrate single-point critical-dimension measurements which verify that tip-to-tip calibration removes the effects of tip shape variation and tip wear from linewidth measurements. Phase 2 will provide critical design guidance for controller design and MEMS fabrication of probes and tips for use with a commercial dual-probe system. These are our next critical Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=33 NIST is using a sensitive optical technique called cavity ring-down detection to permit detection of impurities in semiconductor process gases, which cause substantial losses in manufacturing yield. In order to increase the sensitivity and range of application of this technique, improved single frequency laser sources are required. In particular, lasers providing more power, narrower line-width, better beam quality and access to a wider range of wavelengths would allow detection of a wider range of species with greater sensitivity. Aculight has developed a novel laser technology which meets all of these requirements. As a final result of this program, we will Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=32 The Direct Digital Phase Noise Measurement Phase 1 SBIR demonstrated the feasibility of the technology to make the measurements required by the commercial marketplace. This new approach to phase noise measurements uses fast digital-to-analog converters to digitize the input RF signal and performs all down-conversion and phase detection functions by digital signal processing. It has several significant advantages over analog phase noise measurements techniques: there is no external phase-lock loop, oscillators can be compared at different frequencies, amplititude and phase noise spectra and Allan variance may be measured simultaneously, and complex calibration techniques are eliminated. Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=31 Two distinct designs with performance characteristics for analyzers consistent with the solicitation requirements were delivered in Phase 1. The Phase 1 research and modeling results have been sufficiently conclusive to indicate feasibility of both designs. The more novel of the two designs is proposed: a hybrid magnetic/electrostatic analyzer that features very high collection and transmission efficiencies. In this design, the specimen is immersed in a magnetic field parallel to the axis of the analyzer. The proposed design provides for extremely uniform collection efficiency over a large area while preserving excellent lateral resolution. In one application this design, combined with a Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=30 The proposal is to develop a system to monitor fire-induced structural vibrations that provide real time data correlating with structural integrity. The system is designed to bridge an "information void" and provide firefighters with information that can warn of impending collapse. The system, based on accelerometer technology, will monitor structural integrity through the algorithmic analysis of structural vibrations that have been shown to reliably detect changes in structural integrity. We believe that a careful application of this sensor system would accurately provide timely warning to fire fighters and would reduce the risk of death and disability due to structural collapse. Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=29 A SMART Life Science prototype that facilitates the management of instrumentation data has far reaching implications. As much as the benefit is to an individual scientist, the greater impact affects the entire economy by facilitating the rapid launching of new scientific discoveries that cure disease and product new economic channels for firms. By improving process efficiencies in R&D organizations, SMART research environments will greatly improve the competitiveness of US firms by clearing the administrative barriers associated with innovation. Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=28 The ability to electronically identify users and their devices is increasingly becoming an integral part of our interaction with computing platforms. Whether an operating system is contacting the manufacturer's web site to confirm its proper registration and payment today, or a cell phone is broadcasting entrance credentials to a secure physical site tomorrow, it is apparent that identifying information about ourselves, our computers and the devices that we carry or use is being disseminated at an accelerated pace. This highlights the need for guaranteeing the security of these credentials as well as safeguard user privacy in the face of such Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=27 Adopting open standards such as the X3D and H-Anim reduce costs and ensure the longevity of applications involving human avatars. However, graphics hardware currently requires customized of vertex shader programming to optimize rendering. Yumetech, Inc. and Vcom3D propose the H-Anim+ Browser API: a generic vertex-skinning scheme for the H-Anim specification. The Phase 1 objective is to develop a generic scheme for applying a vertex-skinning program to an H-Anim compliant model using NVIDIA's Cg language. The technical approach for Phase 1 is to adapt the Xj3D Toolkit-a Java-based, open source API for creating VRML 97 and X3D applications-for the prototype H-Anim+ Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=26 Testing accounts for a large and growing share of software development costs. Developing tests is labor-intensive; and significant savings would result from tools that could automatically generate tests meeting some given criterion of completeness. ATC-NY proposes to build a set of modules, Tiger, that can be incorporated into existing test generators and will allow the generation of test cases for large systems. Recent work has explored ways to generate tests by model-checking. The limiting factor in model-checking is the size of the state space to be explored and much research has been devoted to strategies for reducing the state spaces Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=25 Open Tech proposes to adapt the WIMP (Window Icon Menu Pointer) interface for immersive applications. Using logical input devices like windows, menus, sliders, and buttons applications can be built to be device independent. Open Tech’s innovative approach uses a laser pointer like mouse to control a 3D WIMP interface. Scientists will be able to quickly build interfaces that are easier to learn, more flexible, and more powerful than many current applications. This approach is particularly useful for scientific visualization where realism and presence is less important than the data being visualized. Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=24 Modern technology has significantly impacted advanced fire alarm systems. As the sophistication of new devices increases, so has the quantity of data they are capable of collecting. However in current alarm systems only a small portion of the available information is used. Without the continuous utilization of data from each detector it is difficult to gain an accurate view on the fire's progression. IAC proposes a novel intelligent fire information system that will significantly enhance the usage of information acquired by the modern addressable analog fire detectors. The system will use artificial intelligence (AI) techniques designed to function at various Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=23 Summit Safety will develop an ultrasonic, non-contact sensor and system capable of detecting the acoustic sounds and fire-induced vibrations of structures that are precursors of structural collapse. The system will provide advanced warning to the Incident Commander of potential or imminent structural collapse. Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=22 A lightweight, low-cost system for each firefighter to detect the location and direction of other nearby firefighters will be provided. A heads-up display will allow hands-free operation. The system will be integrated with the Personnel Ultrasonic Locating and Safety Equipment, or PULSE, developed by Summit Safety. This system uses ultrasound -- sound waves above the normal hearing range -- to enable a firefighter or Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) to quickly locate and rescue a disabled firefighter and to quickly locate exits in dense smoke. Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=21 Communications between fire fighting teams traditionally consists of two-way, trunked and conventional radios that severely degrade once inside of a building or tunnel. The proposed research is focused on solving the uninterrupted in-building and in-tunnel voice and data services which are critical for fire fighter safety. Innovative Wireless Technologies (IWT) of Forest, Virginia proposes a feasibility study for an Ultra Wideband (UWB) network that is rapidly deployable, low cost, small in size, and power efficient. This study will determine UWB's capabilities inside buildings via simulation and UWB hardware measurements. Ad-hoc networking algorithms relative to the fire fighting application will be Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=20 At present the need for a large area, 100 square centimeters or greater, soft x-ray fluorescence detector with high detection efficiency is required for material science and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The current methods of detection used in x-ray absorption spectroscopy are subject to poor collection efficiency, large background and vacuum risk. It is the task of this grant to develop a multiplier device that can offer good detection efficiency and optimal collection of the fluorescence signal without risk of affecting the vacuum. To do this a multiplier device comprising of Lead Silicate glass will be manufactured with a large collection Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=19 Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) has been widely used in microelectronics fabrications. The current RTA system only provides uniform temperature distribution across the whole annealing chamber at any given time. Therefore, it greatly limits the implementation of combinatorial methodology in one single trial. This SBIR Phase 1 proposal investigates the feasibility of developing a temperature-time gradient RTA system by using a combination of distributed lamp heating and cold finger cooling. The successful development of this technology will create a new type of RTA system that can generate prescribed temperature gradient and controlled annealing time for different areas across the wafer. This Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=18 TDI proposes to produce combinatorial GaN and AlGaN samples library having a wide range of doping and fabricated using a variety of surface treatment conditions. These samples will be grown using novel technological approach based on advanced hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). This method is known to produce bulk GaN materials with low defect density. Recently, TDI has demonstrated high throughput HVPE growth for both (1) doped GaN and AlGaN layers and (2) undoped layers with record low background impurity concentrations. These results opened an opportunity to develop GaN and AlGaN samples library to optimize material sheet resistivity and minimize Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=17 A semiconductor metrology tool will be developed employing the technique of small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) to measure the critical dimension (CD) of patterned device structures. The feasibility of the SAXS technique to measure CD has been shown using high-power synchrotron radiation facilities which are not of practical use to the semiconductor industry. The ultimate project goal is to produce a practical CD-SAXS tool for use within semiconductor fabs. Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=16 Luna Innovations proposes to develop for NIST a low-cost, yet high resolution acoustic sensor system capable of determining micro-degree changes in a water path caused by clinical medical radiation devices. The sensors are external to the water and play a negligible role in thermal transfer in contrast to current thermocouple devices in use today. An exciting element in this proposal is APPLES' ability to resolve parts per ten million parameter change through resonance feedback and phase locking. Multiple external sensors can also be used to determine the spatial uniformity of the absorbed clinical energy. APPLES will be built and tested in Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=15 A new type of THz photomixer will be developed using a submicron interdigitated-electrode structure fabricated on an Eras:GaAs ultrafast photoconductive layer, an AIAs heat spreader and an AIGas/AIAs dielecric mirror. The Eras:GaAs-based photomixer will provide extremely wide tuning bandwidth (>1 decade) and a continuous-wave output power of roughly 10 microwatt around 100 GHz, at least 1 microwatt and 1 THz, and > 100 nW between 2 and 3 THz. The research will focus on the materials growth and fabrication issues, the electrical and optical performance, and the reliability and packaging necessary to deliver working devices to NIST. Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=14 High performance fiberoptic switch is an enable technology for new generation optical telecommunication and fully secured quantum communication/cryptography applications. Current fiberoptic switches do not simultaneously meet the requirements of high speed, low loss, high extinction ratio, and high reliability. Based on the successful development/production of a variety of industrial leading solid-state high speed fiberoptic switches, Agiltron Incorporated proposes to fabricate a novel total reflection switch, using electro-optical crystals with large electro-optic effect and excellent thermal stability. The small loss tangent of the new crystal at high frequencies permits operation of these devices at high speed. This breakthrough fiberoptic switch platform Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=13 High density, uniform electron beam (e-beam) is required in the EBIT to produce highly charged ions (HCIs), better confinement of HCIs, and facilitate analysis and interpretation of data. A novel high density e-beam system using carbon nanotube (CNT) field emitters is proposed to upgrade NIST EBIT system. Due to the extraordinary attributes of CNT emitters, the proposed e-beam system will have many advantages over the thermionic e-beam system: high e- beam density, small beam size, room temperature operation to eliminate thermal radiation related problems, voltage controllable emission for quick switching and low power consumption. After the phase II work, the Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=12 In this Phase I SBIR, Nomadics will build on our past experience with micro-structure resonators and quartz-based sensors to develop a pressure sensor suitable for high pressure applications such as oil and gas industry applications. In the Phase I work, the outstanding measurement resolution of our sensing technology will be demonstrated and the feasibility of this technology for pressure sensing will be demonstrated. Pressure tests with ranges up to 140 MPa will be performed. The pressure sensing range and sensitivity of a commercially available structure will be tested. The material property, behavior, and the mechanical integrity of the chip assembly Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=11 Systems proposes to develop a compact, optically coupled precision MEMS-based resonant high-pressure transducer that provides primary national standards from 280 MPa to 500 MPa, having <0.0001% resolution and <0.001% accuracy, the ability to operate over a wide temperature range (<-65°C to >300°C), the capability of oil or gas fill, and characteristics of quartz resonant gauges at lower pressures. The proposed sensor of RPIC Systems also will address the need of industrial and commercial markets for precision, high-pressure sensors having low hysteresis, electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity, and increased safety in harsh, volatile, or explosive environments. Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=10 Wavelength dispersive spectrometers (WDS) are widely used in both scanning electron microscopes and scanning transmission electron microscopes for x-ray elemental analysis and mapping. The WDS systems are typically used to detect x-rays in the 100 eV - 2000 eV energy range, for chemical analysis of elements Be through P. Despite the excellent energy resolution of the WDS systems, they rely on gas flow proportional counters for detection of x-rays from the diffractor, which pose a serious problem in terms of the compatibility with the ultra-high vacuum (UHV) of the microscope. For the detection of very low energy x-rays, the gas Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=9 Parallax Research, Inc. proposes to develop an Ultra-High Vacuum Compatible Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer for use on Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes, Transmission Electron Microscopes, Auger Spectroscopy Systems, and X-ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy Systems. We propose to build on Parallax's designs of innovative parallel beam x-ray spectrometers and incorporate new types of detectors, drive systems and internal components that offer UHV compatibility. This system will be capable of operating at energies from 100 to 10,000 eV, will feature various scanning techniques, will have the high Peak to Background ratios of WDS, and the very high energy resolution of WDS spectrometers. We Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=8 Robotic researchers currently are using insufficient and varying robot platforms to investigate issues crucial to the successful development of a remote reconnaissance tool for the urban search and rescue (USAR) community. USAR robotic researchers need a standard robot platform designed for research in unstructured environments. This platform would accelerate the research essential to advancing remote reconnaissance technology for emergency response professionals. The project utilizes three innovative approaches: tailoring the platform for USAR research, assigning robotic and USAR specialists to the project, and incorporating the robotic and USAR field requirements that influence the platform development. The objective for Phase I of Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=7 CAD CAM technologies have had an immense impact on the product development process in the last two decades. Current technologies, however, have limited knowledge representation and computational capabilities to enable collaboration of design decisions beyond commercial Internet based collaboration tools. In the Phase 1 Lateral Eye proposes to develop a new framework for Knowledge Integrated computational tools for the capture, storage, retrieval and reuse of design knowledge among geographically and temporally distributed design teams. The proposed approach will be based on developing an ontological based product system. This will significantly reduce the number of iterations and redesigns that are common Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=6 This proposal is aimed at developing a full software solution for the next generation advanced optical metrology. Existing simulation tools cannot meet the current and future needs of scattering-based optical metrology for semiconductor manufacturing. Our proposed work will first focus on developing an enhanced RCWA-based simulation engine with advanced algorithms for fast convergence and stability, which can be applied to periodic and non-periodic 3D problems with arbitrary polarizations, structure profiles and material systems. A versatile and user-friendly CAD interface will also be developed based on the RSoft existing, industry-leading CAD technology for optoelectronics device simulation. Within the CAD, a 3D Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=5 Biotechnology, aerospace, automotive and communications industries need small ultra-precise, three dimensional parts for component miniaturization. Present metal cutting technology is rapidly reaching its limits. A new technology is required to accelerate this trend. Atometric will pursue innovations in ultra-precision multi-axis machine tools. The machining capacity will be within a cube of 50 mm. The machines will be orders of magnitude smaller and less expensive than existing processes, and operating in an office rather than "factory" environment. Phase 1 project objectives are to develop a "first commercial prototype" and deliver it to NIST. Anticipated results will be a prototype 4-axis machine Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=4 We will focus our diode based multiplier technologies toward achieving a source suitable for the NIST imaging system in the 200 – 400 GHz band. To date our best doubler to 200 GHz generates up to 55 mW of (CW) power with 30% efficiency and 15% (3dB) bandwidth. However, the NIST imaging system requires pulsed performance with more than an order of magnitude higher peak input power. Thus, the multipliers must be fundamentally redesigned. This will include optimization of components for pulsed operation, a vast increase in the peak power handling and reconsideration of the fundamental design trade-offs. Through our Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=3 An innovative superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter array with superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) readouts is described for high energy and high spatial resolution X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and microanalysis. The proposed microcalorimeter instrument offers an energy resolution that is comparable to and potentially even better than wavelength dispersive spectrometers, thereby enabling the resolution of interfering peaks at low energies, while the energy dispersive nature of the microcalorimeter also means that the full X-ray spectrum is immediately available for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The TES microcalorimeter will address and meet a critical need for increasingly high spatial resolution X-ray Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=2 We propose to develop the technology to address the need for better harmonic reference devices in order to support the field of non-linear device characterization. Superconducting delay lines can be used to generate nonlinear harmonic signals with a known magnitude and phase relationship to the fundamental signal. In order to make such a reference device, we will need to make superconducting delay lines of at least 20 cm length on a standard 5 cm wafer. This will require careful simulation and fabrication of a spiral meander line. Then we will package the delay line using interconnects to room temperature that Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT http://tsapps.nist.gov/ts_sbir/sbirrss/index.cfm?action=contractdetails&id=1 We propose to develop the next generation cryogen-free Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator (ADR) system. It is a two stage ADR system that employs a self-shielded conductively cooled superconducting magnet and non-filamentary support for the paramagnetic pills. This is an improved version from Janis current cryogen-free ADR system product line, and the new system will be more user-friendly and cost effective. The self-shielded magnet has approximately 5 gauss stray field at the end of the horizontal cold finger before further magnetic shield is added. The non-filamentary support employs vespel tubing with very thin wall, supported by the specially designed supporting mechanism. The Fri, 01 Oct 2004 00:00:00 GMT