The NIH Almanac
Nobel Laureates
Read about the NIH Scientists who have won Nobel prizes.
Laureate | Field | Year | Supporting NIH Institute(s) |
---|---|---|---|
Bruce A. Beutler, U.S.A., Jules A. Hoffmann, U.S.A., and Ralph M. Steinman, U.S.A. | Physiology or Medicine | 2011 | NIAID, NIDDK, NIGMS, NCI |
Ei-ichi Negishi, U.S.A. (shared with Richard F. Heck, U.S.A. and Akira Suzuki, Japan) | Chemistry | 2010 | NIGMS |
Thomas A. Steitz, U.S.A., Ada E. Yonath, Israel, and Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, U.K. | Chemistry | 2009 | NIGMS, NIAID, NCRR |
Elizabeth H. Blackburn, U.S.A., Carol W. Greider, U.S.A., and Jack W. Szostak, U.S.A. | Physiology or Medicine | 2009 | NIGMS, NCI, NIDCR, NIA |
Martin Chalfie, U.S.A., Roger Y. Tsien, U.S.A. and Osamu Shimomura, U.S.A. | Chemistry | 2008 | NIGMS, NINDS, NIAID, NIA, NEI |
Mario R. Capecchi, U.S.A., and Oliver Smithies, U.S.A. (shared with M. J. Evans, U.K.) | Physiology or Medicine | 2007 | NIGMS, NHLBI, NIDDK, NCI, NICHD |
Roger D. Kornberg, U.S.A. | Chemistry | 2006 | NIGMS, NIAID, NCI |
Andrew Z. Fire, U.S.A., and Craig C. Mello, U.S.A. | Physiology or Medicine | 2006 | NIGMS, NICHD |
Robert H. Grubbs, U.S.A., and Richard R. Schrock, U.S.A. (shared with Yves Chauvin, France) | Chemistry | 2005 | NIGMS |
Richard Axel, U.S.A., and Linda B. Buck, U.S.A. | Physiology or Medicine | 2004 | NIDCD, NCI, NIAID, NIMH, NINDS, NIDDK |
Irwin A. Rose, U.S.A., Avram Hershko, Israel (shared with Aaron Ciechanover, Israel) | Chemistry | 2004 | NIAMS, NCI, NIAAA, NIGMS, NIDDK |
Roderick MacKinnon , U.S.A., and Peter Agre, U.S.A. | Chemistry | 2003 | NHLBI, NEI, NIAAA, NIGMS, NCRR, NINDS, NIDDK |
Paul C. Lauterbur, U.S.A. (shared with P. Mansfield, U.K.) | Physiology or Medicine | 2003 | NCRR, NCI, NHLBI, NIGMS, NIMH |
John B. Fenn, U.S.A. (shared with K. Tanaka, Japan and K. Wüthrich, Switzerland) | Chemistry | 2002 | NIGMS |
H. Robert Horvitz, U.S.A. (shared with S. Brenner, U.S.A. and J.E. Sulston, U.K.) | Physiology or medicine | 2002 | NIGMS, NCI, NICHD |
Leland H. Hartwell, U.S.A. (shared with P.M. Nurse and R.T. Hunt, U.K.) | Physiology or medicine | 2001 | NIGMS, NCI, NCRR |
K. Barry Sharpless, U.S.A. (shared with W.S. Knowles, U.S.A. and R. Noyori, Japan) | Chemistry | 2001 | NIGMS, NHLBI |
Paul Greengard, U.S.A. (shared with E. Kandel, U.S.A. and A. Carlsson, Sweden) | Physiology or medicine | 2000 | NIMH, NIA, NIDA, NINDS, NIAAA, NHLBI, NIAMS |
Erik R. Kandel, U.S.A. (shared with P. Greengard, U.S.A. and A. Carlsson, Sweden) | Physiology or medicine | 2000 | NIMH, NIGMS, NINDS, NCRR |
James J. Heckman, U.S.A. (shared with D. McFadden, U.S.A.) | Economic sciences | 2000 | NICHD, NIMH |
Daniel L. McFadden, U.S.A. (shared with J. Heckman, U.S.A.) | Economic sciences | 2000 | NIA |
Günter Blobel, U.S.A. | Physiology or medicine | 1999 | NIGMS, NCI |
Robert Furchgott, U.S.A. (shared with L. Ignarro and F. Murad, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1998 | NIGMS, NHLBI, NINDS |
Louis Ignarro, U.S.A. (shared with F. Murad and R. Furchgott, U.S. A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1998 | NHLBI, NIAMS, NICHD |
Ferid Murad, U.S.A. (shared with L. Ignarro and R. Furchgott, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1998 | NIGMS, NHLBI, NIDDK |
Paul D. Boyer, U.S.A. (shared with J.C. Skou,) | Chemistry | 1997 | NIGMS, NIDDK |
Jens C. Skou, Denmark (shared with P.D. Boyer) | Chemistry | 1997 | NINDS |
Stanley B. Prusiner, U.S.A. Physiology or medicine | Physiology or medicine | 1997 | NINDS, NIA, NCRR, NIGMS |
Peter C. Doherty, U.S.A., and Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Switzerland | Physiology or Medicine | 1996 | NIAID |
Edward B. Lewis, U.S.A. (shared with C. Nusslein-Volhard, Germany, and E.F. Wieschaus, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1995 | NICHD, NIGMS |
Eric F. Wieschaus, U.S.A. (shared with E.B. Lewis, U.S.A., and C. Nusslein-Volhard, Germany) | Physiology or medicine | 1995 | NICHD |
Alfred G. Gilman, U.S.A. (shared with M. Rodbell, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1994 | NIGMS, NINDS |
Martin Rodbell, U.S.A. (shared with A.G. Gilman, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1994 | NIEHS, NIDDK |
George A. Olah, U.S.A. | Chemistry | 1994 | NCI, NIGMS |
Phillip A. Sharp, U.S.A. (shared with R. Roberts, U.K.) | Physiology or medicine | 1993 | NIGMS, NCI, NIAID, NCRR |
Richard Roberts, U.K. (shared with P.A. Sharp, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1993 | NCRR, NLM, NCHGR, NCI, NIGMS |
Robert W. Fogel, Ph.D. | Economic Sciences | 1993 | NIA |
Kary B. Mullis, U.S.A. (shared with M. Smith, Canada) | Chemistry | 1993 | NHBLI, NIAID, NIGMS |
Michael Smith, Canada (shared with K.B. Mullis, U.S.A.) | Chemistry | 1993 | NIGMS |
Edwin G. Krebs, U.S.A (shared with E.H. Fischer, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1992 | NIDDK, NIGMS, NIAMS |
Edmond H. Fischer, U.S.A. (shared with E.G. Krebs, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1992 | NIDDK, NIGMS, NIAMS |
Gary Becker, U.S.A. | Economics | 1992 | NICHD |
Elias J. Corey, U.S.A. | Chemistry | 1990 | NIGMS, NCRR, NCI, NHLBI, NIAID |
E. Donnall Thomas, U.S.A. (shared with J.E. Murray, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1990 | NCI, NIAID, NIDDK |
Joseph E. Murray, U.S.A. (shared with E.D. Thomas, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1990 | NHLBI, NIAID |
Sidney Altman, U.S.A. (shared with T. Cech, U.S.A.) | Chemistry | 1989 | NIGMS, NICHD |
Thomas Cech, U.S.A. (shared with S. Altman, U.S.A.) | Chemistry | 1989 | NIGMS, NCI |
J. Michael Bishop, U.S.A (shared with H.E. Varmus, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1989 | NCI |
Harold E. Varmus, U.S.A. (shared with J.M. Bishop, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1989 | NCI, NIAID |
Susumu Tonegawa, Japan | Physiology or medicine | 1987 | NIAID |
Donald J. Cram, U.S.A. (shared with C.J. Pedersen, U.S.A., and J.-M Lehn, France) | Chemistry | 1987 | NIGMS |
Stanley Cohen, U.S.A. (shared with R. Levi-Montalcini, U.S.A./Italy) | Physiology or medicine | 1986 | NICHD, NIGMS |
Rita Levi-Montalcini, U.S.A./Italy (shared with S. Cohen, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1986 | NIMH, NINDS |
Herbert A. Hauptman, U.S.A. (shared with J. Karle, U.S.A.) | Chemistry | 1985 | NIGMS, NIADDK, NHLBI, DRR |
Michael S. Brown, U.S.A. (shared with J.L. Goldstein, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1985 | NHLBI, NIGMS, DRR |
Joseph L. Goldstein, U.S.A. (shared with M.S. Brown, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1985 | NHLBI, NIGMS, DRR |
R. Bruce Merrifield, U.S.A. | Chemistry | 1984 | NIDDK |
Henry Taube, U.S.A. | Chemistry | 1983 | NIGMS |
Sune Bergstrom, Sweden (shared with J. R. Vane, U.K. and B. Samuelsson, Sweden) | Physiology or medicine | 1982 | NHLBI, NLM, NICHD |
John R. Vane, U.K. (shared with S. Bergstrom and B. Samuelsson, Sweden) | Physiology or medicine | 1982 | DRG, NIGMS, NIMH |
Aaron Klug, U.K. | Chemistry | 1982 | NIAID |
Roald Hoffmann, U.S.A. (shared with K. Fukui, Japan) | Chemistry | 1981 | NIGMS |
David H. Hubel, U.S.A. (shared with T. N. Wiesel, U.S.A./Sweden, and R. W. Sperry, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1981 | NEI, NIGMS, NINDS, DRR |
Torsten N. Wiesel, U.S.A./Sweden (shared with D. H. Hubel and R. W. Sperry, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1981 | NEI, DRR, NINDS |
Paul Berg, U.S.A. (shared with W. Gilbert, U.S.A., and F. Sanger, U.K.) | Chemistry | 1980 | NIGMS, NCI |
Walter Gilbert, U.S.A. (shared with P. Berg, U.S.A., and F. Sanger, U.K.) | Chemistry | 1980 | NIGMS, NIDDK |
Baruj Benacerraf, U.S.A. (shared with G. D. Snell, U.S.A., and J. Dausset, France) | Physiology or medicine | 1980 | NIAID, NCI |
George D. Snell, U.S.A. (shared with B. Benacerraf, U.S.A., and J. Dausset, France) | Physiology or medicine | 1980 | NIAID, NCI |
Jean Dausset, France (shared with B. Benacerraf and G. D. Snell, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1980 | NIAID, NCI |
Herbert C. Brown, U.S.A. (shared with G. Wittig, W. Germany) | Chemistry | 1979 | NIGMS |
Hamilton O. Smith, U.S.A. (shared with D. Nathans, U.S.A., and W. Arber, Switzerland) | Physiology or medicine | 1978 | NIGMS, NIAID |
Daniel Nathans, U.S.A. (shared with H. O. Smith, U.S.A., and W. Arber, Switzerland) | Physiology or medicine | 1978 | NIGMS, NCI |
Roger C. L. Guillemin, U.S.A. (shared with A. V. Schally and R. S. Yalow, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1977 | NIDDK, NICHD, DRR |
Andrew V. Schally, U.S.A. (shared with R. C. L. Guillemin and R. S. Yalow, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1977 | NIDDK, NICHD, NIGMS |
D. Carleton Gajdusek, U.S.A. (shared with B. S. Blumberg, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1976 | NINDS |
Baruch S. Blumberg, U.S.A. (shared with D. C. Gajdusek, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1976 | NHLBI, NCI |
William N. Lipscomb, U.S.A | Chemistry | 1976 | NIGMS, DRG |
David Baltimore, U.S.A. (shared with R. Dulbecco and H. M. Temin, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1975 | NIAID, NCI |
Renato Dulbecco, U.S.A. (shared with D. Baltimore and H. M. Temin, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1975 | NIAID, NCI |
Howard M. Temin, U.S.A. (shared with D. Baltimore and R. Dulbecco, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1975 | NCI |
Albert Claude, Belgium (shared with C. de Duve, Belgium, and G. E. Palade, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1974 | NCI |
George E. Palade, U.S.A. (shared with C. de Duve and A. Claude, Belgium) | Physiology or medicine | 1974 | NHLBI, NIGMS |
Christian de Duve, Belgium (shared with A. Claude, Belgium, and G. E. Palade, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1974 | NICHD, NIGMS, NHLBI, NIA |
Gerald M. Edelman, U.S.A. (shared with R. R. Porter, U.K.) | Physiology or medicine | 1972 | NIDDK, NIAID, NICHD |
Rodney R. Porter, U.K. (shared with G. M. Edelman, U.S.A.) " 1972 NIAID | Physiology or medicine | 1972 | NIAID |
Christian B. Anfinsen, U.S.A. (shared with S. Moore and W. H. Stein, U.S.A.) | Chemistry | 1972 | NHLBI, NIDDK |
Stanford Moore, U.S.A. (shared with C. B. Anfinsen and W. H. Stein, U.S.A.) | Chemistry | 1972 | NIGMS, NINDS |
William H. Stein, U.S.A. (shared with C. B. Anfinsen and S. Moore, U.S.A.) | Chemistry | 1972 | NIGMS |
Earl W. Sutherland, Jr., U.S.A | Physiology or medicine | 1971 | NIGMS, NHLBI, NIDDK |
Julius Axelrod, U.S.A. (shared with B. Katz, U.K., and U. von Euler, Sweden) | Physiology or medicine | 1970 | NHLBI, NIMH |
Ulf von Euler, Sweden (shared with J. Axelrod, U.S.A., and B. Katz, U.K.) | Physiology or medicine | 1970 | NINDS |
Luis Leloir, Argentina | Chemistry | 1970 | NIGMS, NIAID |
Max Delbruck, U.S.A. (shared with A. D. Hershey and S. Luria, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1969 | NIGMS |
Alfred D. Hershey, U.S.A. (shared with M. Delbruck and S. Luria, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1969 | NIGMS, NCI, NICHD |
Salvador Luria, U.S.A. (shared with M. Delbruck and A. D. Hershey, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1969 | NIAID, NIGMS, NCI |
Robert W. Holley, U.S.A. (shared with H. G. Khorana and M. W. Nirenberg, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1968 | NIGMS, NCI |
H. Gobind Khorana, U.S.A. (shared with R. W. Holley and M. W. Nirenberg, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1968 | NIGMS, NCI, NIAID |
Marshall W. Nirenberg, U.S.A. (shared with R. W. Holley and H. G. Khorana, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1968 | NHLBI |
Lars Onsager, U.S.A. | Chemistry | 1968 | NIGMS |
Haldan K. Hartline, U.S.A. (shared with G. Wald, U.S.A., and R. Granit, Sweden) | Physiology or medicine | 1967 | NINDS, NEI |
George Wald, U.S.A. (shared with H. K. Hartline, U.S.A., and R. Granit, Sweden) | Physiology or medicine | 1967 | NINDS, NEI |
Charles B. Huggins, U.S.A. (shared with P. Rous, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1966 | NCI, NIDDK, NIGMS |
Jacques L. Monod, France (shared with F. Jacob and A. Lwoff, France) | Physiology or medicine | 1965 | NIAID |
Robert B. Woodward, U.S.A. | Chemistry | 1965 | NIGMS, NHLBI, DRG, NIDDK |
Konrad Bloch, U.S.A. (shared with F. Lynen, Germany) | Physiology or medicine | 1964 | NIGMS, NHLBI, DRG |
James D. Watson, U.S.A. (shared with F. H. C. Crick and M. H. F. Wilkins, U.K.) | Physiology or medicine | 1962 | NIGMS, NIDDK, NCI, DRR, NIAID |
John C. Kendrew, U.K. (shared with M. F. Perutz, U.K.) | Chemistry | 1962 | NIDDK |
Melvin Calvin, U.S.A. | Chemistry | 1961 | DRG, NCI |
Peter B. Medawar, U.K. (shared with F. M. Burnet, Australia) | Physiology or medicine | 1960 | NIAID |
Arthur Kornberg, U.S.A. (shared with S. Ochoa, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1959 | NIGMS, NIAID, NCI, NIDDK, NIA |
Severo Ochoa, U.S.A. (shared with A. Kornberg, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1959 | NIDDK, NIGMS, NCI, DRG |
George W. Beadle, U.S.A. (shared with J. Lederberg and E. L. Tatum, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1958 | NIGMS, NHLBI |
Joshua Lederberg, U.S.A. (shared with G. W. Beadle and E. L. Tatum, U.S.A. | Physiology or medicine | 1958 | NIGMS, NIAID, NINDS, NICHD, DRR, NCI |
Edward L. Tatum, U.S.A. (shared with G. W. Beadle and J. Lederberg, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1958 | NIGMS, NCI |
Dickinson W. Richards, Jr., U.S.A. (shared with A. Cournand, U.S.A., and W. Forssmann, Germany) | Physiology or medicine | 1956 | NIDDK, NCI, NHLBI, NIGMS |
Vincent du Vigneaud, U.S.A. | Chemistry | 1955 | NHLBI, NCI, NIGMS, DRG |
Thomas H. Weller, U.S.A. (shared with J. F. Enders and F. C. Robbins, U.S.A.) | Physiology or medicine | 1954 | NIAID, NIGMS |
Linus C. Pauling, U.S.A. | Chemistry | 1954 | NIGMS, NHLBI, DRG, NIAID, NCI |
Fritz A. Lipmann, U.S.A. (shared with H. A. Krebs, U.K.) | Physiology or medicine | 1953 | NIGMS, NCI |
Philip S. Hench, U.S.A. (shared with E. C. Kendall, U.S.A., and T. Reichstein, Switzerland) | Physiology or medicine | 1950 | NIGMS |
E. O. Lawrence, U.S.A. | Physics | 1939 | NCI |
NIH Scientists
1968 - Dr. Marshall W. Nirenberg, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the key to deciphering the genetic code. Dr. Nirenberg and two other researchers, working independently, with whom he shared the prize, made major advances in understanding the chemical mechanisms by which genetic language or information is translated into various proteins that determine the nature and characteristics of all living things. Dr. Nirenberg was the first NIH Nobelist and also the first federal scientist to receive a Nobel Prize.
1970 - Dr. Julius Axelrod, National Institute of Mental Health, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with two scientists from England and Sweden for independent research into the chemistry of nerve transmission. The three were cited for their "discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanisms for their storage, release and inactivation." Specifically, Dr. Axelrod found an enzyme that terminates the action of the nerve transmitter, noradrenaline. He also demonstrated that some antidepressant drugs act by preventing the reuptake of noradrenaline and thus prolong its action in the brain.
1972 - Dr. Christian B. Anfinsen (formerly with the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases) won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work "on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation." Dr. Anfinsen provided the first clue to the structure of ribonuclease by demonstrating that it is comprised of a single polypeptide chain. He and his colleagues at Rockefeller University (with whom he shared the prize) demonstrated that the information required to fold the polypeptide chain of ribonuclease into the specific three-dimensional form of the active enzyme resides in the sequence of amino acids. Therefore, it became clear that this protein could be synthesized in the laboratory by joining the proper amino acids in the correct order and then allowing the chain of amino acids to fold spontaneously. This led to the first synthesis of an enzyme from chemicals in the laboratory. Such studies are basic to an understanding of normal life processes as well as of inherited metabolic diseases.
1976 - Dr. D. Carleton Gajdusek, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Dr. Baruch S. Blumberg, of the Institute for Cancer Research in Philadelphia. They won the award for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases. Dr. Blumberg was at NIH (with the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases) in the 1960s, and did part of his prizewinning research at NIH.
1994 - Dr. Martin Rodbell, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Dr. G. Alfred Gilman of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Rodbell dis- covered in 1970 that signal transmission requires a cellular molecule called GTP. In 1977 Dr. Gillman identified the proteins to which GTP binds and named them "G proteins." They are a family of proteins bound to the cell surface membranes that serve as intermediaries between incoming signals and cellular proteins that respond to these signals. Dr. Rodbell conducted this research while an intramural scientist with the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases (now NIDDK).
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