Companies spent $282 billion on research and development performed in the United States during 2009 and $291 billion during 2008 (table 1), according to estimates from the Business R&D and Innovation Survey (BRDIS).[2] Funding from the companies' own sources declined from $233 billion to $225 billion during this period; funding from other sources remained about the same during the 2 years, $58 billion in 2008 and $57 billion in 2009 (table 2).
TABLE 1. Funds spent for business R&D performed in the United States, by source of funds and size of company: 2008 and 2009 (Millions of U.S. dollars)
Selected characteristic
2008
2009
Domestic R&D performancea
290,680
282,393
Source of funds
Paid for by the company
232,505
224,920
Paid for by others
58,176
57,473
Federal
36,360
39,573
Otherb
21,816
17,900
Size of company (number of domestic employees)
5–24c
14,280
11,794
25–49
9,626
9,692
50–99
9,351
13,282
100–249
14,662
12,747
250–499
10,219
11,204
500–999
11,886
10,119
1,000–4,999
46,336
44,008
5,000–9,999
24,764
21,864
10,000–24,999
48,737
51,037
25,000 or more
100,820
96,645
a For companies that reported worldwide R&D expense or worldwide R&D costs funded by others; see "Survey Information and Data Availability" for more information.
b Includes companies located inside and outside the United States, U.S. state government agencies and laboratories, foreign government agencies and laboratories, and all other organizations located inside and outside the United States.
c After the 2008 BRDIS sample was selected and surveyed, an error was identified that resulted in the exclusion of 226,884 single-establishment companies with 5 paid employees from the sample frame. Most of the excluded establishments were classified in industries with low R&D intensities, such as construction, retail trade, and the service sectors. Based on the available information for these small single-establishment companies, their contribution to the 2008 R&D estimates is estimated to be negligible.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Excludes data for federally funded research and development centers.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Business R&D and Innovation Survey: 2008 and 2009.
TABLE 2. Funds spent for business R&D performed in the United States, by source of funds and selected industry: 2008 and 2009
(Millions of U.S. dollars)
Industry and NAICS code
Paid for by the company
Paid for by others
All R&D
Companies
All other organizationsa
Total
Federal
Domestic
Foreign
2008
All industries, 21–33, 42–81b
290,680
232,505
58,176
36,360
12,181
8,877
758
Manufacturing industries, 31–33
203,755
164,386
39,368
31,102
3,444
4,712
D
Chemicals, 325
58,250
55,042
3,207
197
814
2,182
15
Pharmaceuticals/medicines, 3254
48,131
45,169
2,962
137
796
2,017
11
Other 325
10,119
9,873
245
60
18
165
4
Machinery, 333
10,104
9,846
258
62
95
97
3
Computer/electronic products, 334
60,464
42,912
7,551
4,646
1,520
1,338
47
Electrical equipment/appliance/components, 335
3,143
2,947
196
91
34
66
5
i
Transportation equipment, 336
50,552
23,039
27,513
25,941
774
768
D
Motor vehicles/parts, 3361–3363
13,140
12,234
906
D
D
D
D
Aerospace products/parts, 3364
36,941
10,371
26,570
25,805
i
649
D
D
Other 336
471
434
37
D
D
D
D
Manufacturing nec, other 31–33
21,242
30,600
643
165
0
207
261
D
Nonmanufacturing industries, 21–23, 42–81
86,926
68,118
18,807
5,258
8,737
4,166
D
Information, 51
37,695
36,922
772
229
217
D
D
Software publishers, 5112
28,221
27,665
556
176
117
D
D
Other 51
9,473
9,257
216
53
100
D
D
Finance/insurance, 52
1,092
1,084
8
0
7
*
i
0
Professional/scientific/technical services, 54
37,954
20,539
17,415
4,844
8,221
3,753
D
Computer systems design/related services, 5415
12,146
8,569
3,577
784
1,183
1,490
120
Scientific R&D services, 5417
17,913
8,708
9,205
2,115
4,726
2,008
D
Other 54
7,895
3,262
4,633
1,945
2,312
255
D
Nonmanufacturing nec, other 21–23, 42–81
10,185
9,573
612
185
292
D
D
2009
All industries, 21–33, 42–81b
282,393
224,920
57,473
39,573
9,567
7,647
685
Manufacturing industries, 31–33
195,144
158,225
36,920
28,825
3,345
4,532
218
Chemicals, 325
53,328
49,876
3,452
207
1,263
1,961
D
Pharmaceuticals/medicines, 3254
44,936
41,751
3,185
113
1,247
1,813
11
Other 325
8,392
8,125
267
94
16
148
D
Machinery, 333
9,138
8,782
356
150
133
67
D
Computer/electronic products, 334
60,464
48,865
7,571
5,210
i
738
1,578
D
Electrical equipment/appliance/components, 335
3,334
3,105
228
70
55
66
D
i
Transportation equipment, 336
48,337
24,223
24,114
i
23,023
i
757
251
D
Motor vehicles/trailers/parts, 3361–3363
D
10,853
D
D
D
D
D
Aerospace products/parts, 3364
34,554
12,384
22,170
i
21,524
i
596
D
D
Other 336
D
986
D
D
D
D
D
Manufacturing nec, other 31–33
20,543
23,374
1,199
165
399
609
D
Nonmanufacturing industries, 21–23, 42–81
87,248
66,695
20,553
10,749
6,223
3,115
467
Information, 51
33,806
32,995
811
194
349
233
34
Software publishers, 5112
26,395
25,729
666
176
267
191
32
Other 51
7,411
7,266
145
18
82
42
2
Finance/insurance, 52
1,912
1,904
8
1
i
6
0
0
Professional/scientific/technical services, 54
44,946
26,031
18,915
10,461
5,531
2,505
168
Computer systems design/related services, 5415
12,560
10,742
1,818
1,240
449
122
7
Scientific R&D services, 5417
17,270
7,981
9,289
2,657
4,397
2,110
125
Other 54
15,116
7,308
7,808
6,564
685
273
36
Nonmanufacturing nec, other 21–23, 42–81
6,584
5,765
819
93
337
377
265
D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information; i = >50% of value imputed; * = < $500,000.
NAICS = North American Industry Classification System; nec = not elsewhere classified.
a Includes U.S. state government agencies and laboratories, foreign government agencies and laboratories, and all other organizations located inside and outside the United States.
b Includes companies that reported worldwide R&D expense or worldwide R&D costs funded by others; see "Survey Information and Data Availability" for more information.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Industry classification was based on dominant business code for domestic R&D performance where available. For companies that did not report business codes, classification used for sampling was assigned. Excludes data for federally funded research and development centers.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Business R&D and Innovation Survey: 2008 and 2009.
The 2008 figures in this InfoBrief update preliminary estimates released earlier. The 2009 figures are the initial release of the final statistics from the new BRDIS and are the focus of the remainder of this InfoBrief.[3]
R&D Performance by Industrial Sector and Source of Funding
During 2009, companies in manufacturing industries performed $195 billion of domestic R&D (69%) (table 2).[4] Eighty-one percent of funding was from companies' own funds, and the remaining 19% was from sources outside of the company. Companies in nonmanufacturing industries performed $87 billion of domestic R&D (31%), 76% paid for from companies' own funds and 24% funded from sources outside of the company. Chief among the sources of outside funding for R&D across all industries (also referred to as R&D paid for by others) was the U.S. federal government. Of the $57 billion paid for by others, the federal government contributed $40 billion. Most of the funds came from the Department of Defense; aerospace products and parts (NAICS 3364) and professional, scientific, and technical services (NAICS 54) received the lion's share of government R&D funding. Next among contributors were other U.S. companies ($10 billion) and foreign companies ($8 billion), including foreign parents of U.S. subsidiaries. Detail for these aggregates and other R&D costs paid for by sources outside of the company by selected industry is given in table 2 (see "Survey Information and Data Availability" for information on industry classification).
Sales, R&D Intensity, and Employment of R&D Performers
Domestic net sales for companies that performed domestic R&D were $7.4 trillion in 2009 (table 3).[5] For all industries, the R&D intensity ratio was 3.8%; for manufacturers, the ratio was 4.5%; and for nonmanufacturers, the ratio was 2.8%.[6] Two manufacturing industries with high R&D intensity ratios in 2009 were pharmaceuticals and medicines (NAICS 3254), 13.2%, and aerospace products and parts (NAICS 3364), 10.4%.[7] Among the nonmanufacturing industries, two with high ratios were scientific R&D services (NAICS 5417), 18.1%, and software publishers (NAICS 5112), 10.1%.
TABLE 3. Sales and employment for companies that performed or funded business R&D, by selected industry: 2008 and 2009
Industry and NAICS code
Domestic
net salesa (US$millions)
R&D
intensityb
(%)
Domestic employmentc
(thousands)
Total
R&Dd
2008
All industries, 21–33, 42–81e
7,796,340
3.73
18,515
1,425
Manufacturing industries, 31–33
4,681,443
4.35
10,173
850
Chemicals, 325
902,410
6.45
1,396
175
Pharmaceuticals/medicines, 3254
371,760
12.95
654
123
Other 325
530,650
1.91
742
52
Machinery, 333
278,700
3.63
831
60
Computer/electronic products, 334
522,717
11.57
1,292
276
Electrical equipment/appliance/components, 335
108,730
2.89
282
20
Transportation equipment, 336
888,777
5.69
1,807
165
Motor vehicles/parts, 3361–3363
491,483
2.67
757
57
Aerospace products/parts, 3364
372,438
9.92
984
103
Other 336
24,856
1.89
66
5
Manufacturing nec, other 31–33
1,980,109
1.07
4,565
154
Nonmanufacturing industries, 21–23, 42–81
3,114,898
2.79
8,342
575
Information, 51
776,062
4.86
2,662
224
Software publishers, 5112
261,451
10.79
1,317
151
Other 51
514,611
1.84
1,345
73
Finance/insurance, 52
377,279
0.29
497
7
Professional/scientific/technical services, 54
453,444
8.37
1,177
267
Computer systems design/related services, 5415
204,868
5.93
457
100
Scientific R&D services, 5417
136,105
13.16
259
94
Other 54
112,471
7.02
461
73
Nonmanufacturing nec, other 21–23, 42–81
1,508,113
0.68
4,006
77
2009
All industries, 21–33, 42–81e
7,407,583
3.81
17,788
1,424
Manufacturing industries, 31–33
4,295,464
4.54
9,882
850
Chemicals, 325
812,609
6.56
1,287
157
Pharmaceuticals/medicines, 3254
339,730
13.23
538
110
Other 325
472,879
1.77
749
47
Machinery, 333
226,828
4.03
799
65
Computer/electronic products, 334
531,674
11.37
1,268
260
Electrical equipment/appliance/components, 335
98,048
3.4
320
25
Transportation equipment, 336
813,827
5.94
1,748
167
Motor vehicles/trailers/parts, 3361–3363
442,988
D
753
55
Aerospace products/parts, 3364
331,630
10.42
862
89
Other 336
39,209
D
133
23
Manufacturing nec, other 31–33
1,812,478
1.13
4,460
176
Nonmanufacturing industries, 21–23, 42–81
3,112,119
2.8
7,906
574
Information, 51
742,392
4.55
1,795
206
Software publishers, 5112
262,131
10.07
493
137
Other 51
480,261
1.54
1,302
69
Finance/insurance, 52
746,432
0.26
1,115
22
Professional/scientific/technical services, 54
455,129
9.88
1,721
307
Computer systems design/related services, 5415
185,287
i
6.78
i
756
117
Scientific R&D services, 5417
95,430
18.1
234
85
Other 54
174,412
8.67
731
105
Nonmanufacturing nec, other 21–23, 42–81
1,168,166
0.56
3,275
39
D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information; i = >50% of value imputed.
NAICS = North American Industry Classification System; nec = not elsewhere classified.
a Dollar values for goods sold or services rendered by companies to customers outside the company, including the federal government, less such items as returns, allowances, freight charges, and excise taxes. Excludes intracompany transfers and sales by foreign subsidiaries, but includes transfers to foreign subsidiaries and export sales to foreign companies.
b R&D intensity = domestic R&D/domestic net sales.
c Data recorded on March 12 represent employment figures for the year.
d Includes scientists and engineers and their managers, as well as technicians, technologists, and support staff.
e Includes companies that reported worldwide R&D expense or worldwide R&D costs funded by others; see "Survey Information and Data Availability" for more information.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Industry classification was based on dominant business code for domestic R&D performance where available. For companies that did not report business codes, classification used for sampling was assigned. Excludes data for federally funded research and development centers.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Business R&D and Innovation Survey: 2008 and 2009.
Domestic employment for R&D-performing companies was 17.8 million during 2009. Of these employees, 1.4 million (8.0%) worked on R&D.[8] Not surprisingly, two manufacturing industries with high numbers of R&D workers in 2009 were pharmaceuticals and medicines (110,000 R&D workers) and aerospace products and parts (89,000 R&D workers), and two nonmanufacturing industries with high numbers of R&D workers were software publishers (137,000) and computer systems design and related services (117,000). Other sales and employment estimates by selected industry are given in table 3.
R&D Performance by State
During 2009, companies reported $225 billion of aggregate domestic R&D paid for by the company. Businesses in California alone accounted for over 23% of the nation's business R&D in both 2008 (table 4) and 2009 (table 5). Other states with large amounts of company-funded business R&D and the percentages they accounted for in 2009 were New Jersey (7.1%), Washington (7.1%), Massachusetts (5.4%), Texas (5.3%), Michigan (4.7%), Connecticut (4.1%), Pennsylvania (4.0%), Illinois (3.7%), and New York (3.6%). When domestic R&D paid for by others is added to the analysis, the total R&D increases by $57 billion and the state distribution becomes California (23.0%), New Jersey (6.5%), Washington (5.8%), Massachusetts (5.1%), Texas (5.4%), Michigan (4.2%), Connecticut (3.8%), Pennsylvania (3.5%), Illinois (3.3%), and New York (3.9%).
TABLE 4. Funds spent for business R&D performed in the United States, by source of funds and state: 2008 (Millions of U.S. dollars)
All R&D
Paid for
by the
company
Paid for by
others
State
All R&D
Paid for
by the
company
Paid for
by others
State
United Statesa
290,680
232,505
58,176
Montana
148
125
23
e
Alabama
3,099
922
2,177
Nebraska
561
464
97
Alaska
69
52
e
17
e
Nevada
677
612
65
e
Arizona
5,232
3,268
1,964
i
New Hampshire
2,169
876
1,293
Arkansas
443
399
44
e
New Jersey
19,054
17,331
1,723
California
67,532
54,231
13,301
New Mexico
735
326
409
Colorado
4,019
3,396
623
New York
11,455
9,061
2,394
i
Connecticut
10,518
8,938
1,580
North Carolina
6,246
4,903
1,343
Delaware
D
1,441
D
North Dakota
303
218
85
District of Columbia
571
155
416
i
Ohio
7,405
5,367
2,038
Florida
4,178
3,009
1,169
Oklahoma
595
521
74
e
Georgia
3,344
2,501
843
i
Oregon
4,074
3,913
161
e
Hawaii
269
176
93
Pennsylvania
9,735
8,783
952
Idaho
961
786
175
Rhode Island
538
489
49
Illinois
8,900
7,984
916
South Carolina
1,221
1,125
96
e
Indiana
4,991
4,375
616
South Dakota
133
98
35
Iowa
1,509
1,041
468
Tennessee
1,608
1,451
157
e
Kansas
1,600
1,111
489
Texas
16,166
12,830
3,336
Kentucky
933
879
54
e
Utah
1,945
1,326
619
Louisiana
411
303
e
108
e
Vermont
422
380
42
Maine
308
253
55
Virginia
6,142
2,856
3,286
i
Maryland
4,333
2,327
2,006
Washington
13,876
12,724
1,152
Massachusetts
15,028
12,625
2,403
West Virginia
334
272
62
Michigan
13,742
12,105
1,637
Wisconsin
3,798
3,277
521
Minnesota
5,728
5,327
401
Wyoming
63
52
e
11
e
Mississippi
252
179
73
Missouri
D
2,857
D
Undistributed fundsb
15,349
12,482
2,867
i
D = data withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies; e = more than 50% of the cell value is imputed due to raking of state data; i = more than 50% of the cell value is imputed due to reasons other than raking of state data.
a Includes companies that reported worldwide R&D expense or worldwide R&D costs funded by others; see "Survey Information and Data Availability" for more information.
b Includes data reported on Form BRDI-1 not allocated to a specific state. Data reported on Form BRDI-1A, the questionnaire sent to small companies or companies new to the survey, were allocated to the state in the address on the company's survey form, which is usually the company's headquarters.
NOTES: Detail may not add to totals because of rounding. Excludes data for federally funded research and development centers.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Business R&D and Innovation Survey: 2008.
TABLE 5. Funds spent for business R&D performed in the United States, by source of funds and state: 2009
(Millions of U.S. dollars)
State
All R&D
Paid for
by the
company
Paid for by
others
State
All R&D
Paid for
by the
company
Paid for by
others
United Statesa
282,393
224,920
57,473
Montana
144
123
21
e
Alabama
1,562
609
953
e
Nebraska
602
493
109
Alaska
71
47
24
Nevada
619
510
109
e
Arizona
4,682
2,830
1,852
i
New Hampshire
D
772
D
Arkansas
709
217
492
New Jersey
18,404
16,069
2,335
California
64,939
53,569
11,370
New Mexico
623
257
366
i
Colorado
3,960
3,370
590
New York
10,919
8,036
2,883
Connecticut
10,638
9,128
1,510
North Carolina
5,531
4,672
859
Delaware
2,046
1,343
703
North Dakota
231
216
15
e
District of Columbia
672
207
e
465
e
Ohio
6,811
5,215
1,596
Florida
4,329
2,923
1,406
Oklahoma
509
429
80
e
Georgia
3,905
3,065
840
i
Oregon
4,080
3,890
190
Hawaii
240
180
60
Pennsylvania
9,989
8,951
1,038
Idaho
1,015
746
269
Rhode Island
460
397
63
Illinois
9,188
8,363
825
e
South Carolina
1,254
1,075
179
Indiana
5,220
4,449
771
South Dakota
143
104
39
Iowa
1,943
1,525
418
Tennessee
1,487
1,274
213
Kansas
1,616
1,258
358
Texas
15,307
12,020
3,287
Kentucky
986
886
100
e
Utah
2,083
1,250
833
Louisiana
416
291
125
e
Vermont
418
391
27
e
Maine
530
494
36
e
Virginia
6,159
3,093
3,066
i
Maryland
4,492
2,488
2,004
Washington
16,471
15,968
503
Massachusetts
14,422
12,215
2,207
West Virginia
349
247
102
Michigan
11,999
10,607
1,392
Wisconsin
3,616
3,063
553
Minnesota
6,880
6,133
747
i
Wyoming
47
35
e
12
e
Mississippi
260
180
80
Missouri
D
3,136
D
Undistributed fundsb
7,970
6,111
1,859
i
D = data withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies; e = more than 50% of the cell value is imputed due to raking of state data; i = more than 50% of the cell value is imputed due to reasons other than raking of state data.
a Includes companies that reported worldwide R&D expense or worldwide R&D costs funded by others; see "Survey Information and Data Availability" for more information.
b Includes data reported on Form BRDI-1 not allocated to a specific state. Data reported on Form BRDI-1A, the questionnaire sent to small companies or companies new to the survey, were allocated to the state in the address on the company's survey form, which is usually the company's headquarters.
NOTES: Detail may not add to totals because of rounding. Excludes data for federally funded research and development centers.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Business R&D and Innovation Survey: 2009.
R&D performance, sales, and employment statistics by size of company are given in table 6. Small companies (5 to 499 employees[9]) performed about one-fifth (21%) of the nation's total business R&D in 2009, accounted for 12% of sales, and employed 17% of those who worked for R&D-performing or R&D-funding companies. Of the 1.4 million scientists and engineers and their managers, technicians, technologists, and support staff members who worked on business R&D in the United States, about one-third (32%) worked for small companies.
TABLE 6. Funds spent for R&D performed in the United States, sales, and employment, by company size: 2008 and 2009
Company size (domestic employees)
US$millions
Domestic employmentc
(thousands)
All R&D
Source of funds
Domestic net salesb
Paid for by the company
Federal
Othera
Total
R&D
2008
All companiesd
290,680
232,505
36,360
21,815
7,796,340
18,515
1,425
5–24e
14,280
10,333
1,086
2,861
73,151
354
109
25–49
9,626
7,309
886
1,431
74,442
299
64
50–99
9,351
7,248
695
1,408
122,414
462
70
100–249
14,662
12,933
718
1,011
242,803
1,039
106
250–499
10,219
8,572
732
915
225,081
710
61
500–999
11,886
9,673
747
1,466
328,990
669
63
1,000–4,999
46,336
39,010
2,162
i
5,164
1,076,460
2,587
224
5,000–9,999
24,764
20,358
1,168
3,238
902,756
1,464
125
10,000–24,999
48,737
43,049
3,024
2,664
1,542,122
3,903
191
25,000 or more
100,820
74,020
25,142
i
1,658
3,208,120
7,029
411
2009
All companiesd
282,393
224,920
39,573
i
17,900
7,407,583
17,788
1,424
5–24
11,794
9,257
1,281
1,256
114,141
429
116
25–49
9,692
7,877
1,032
783
121,182
440
81
50–99
13,282
8,292
4,155
835
138,641
602
99
100–249
12,747
10,459
691
1,597
230,213
853
91
250–499
11,204
8,372
1,677
i
1,155
264,054
721
72
500–999
10,119
8,577
473
1,069
266,201
795
64
1,000–4,999
44,008
38,383
1,612
4,013
984,010
2,349
204
5,000–9,999
21,864
17,585
1,005
i
3,274
636,559
1,603
112
10,000–24,999
51,037
42,191
5,889
i
2,957
1,637,652
2,679
212
25,000 or more
96,645
73,927
21,759
i
959
3,014,931
7,316
374
i = more than 50% of the cell value is imputed.
a Includes companies located inside and outside the United States, U.S. state government agencies or laboratories, foreign government agencies and laboratories, and all other organizations located inside and outside the United States.
b Dollar values for goods sold or services rendered by companies to customers outside the company, including the federal government, less such items as returns, allowances, freight charges, and excise taxes. Excludes intracompany transfers and sales by foreign subsidiaries but includes transfers to foreign subsidiaries and export sales to foreign companies.
c Data recorded on March 12 represent employment figures for the year.
d Includes companies that reported worldwide R&D expense or worldwide R&D costs funded by others; see "Survey Information and Data Availability" for more information.
e After the 2008 BRDIS sample was selected and surveyed, an error was identified that resulted in the exclusion of 226,884 single-establishment companies with 5 paid employees from the sample frame. Most of the excluded establishments were classified in industries with low R&D intensities, such as construction, retail trade, and the service sectors. Based on the available information for these small single-establishment companies, their contribution to the 2008 R&D estimates is estimated to be negligible.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Excludes data for federally funded research and development centers.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Business R&D and Innovation Survey: 2008 and 2009.
The sample for BRDIS was selected to represent all for-profit, nonfarm companies that have 5 or more domestic employees, that are publicly or privately held, and that perform or fund R&D or engage in innovative activities in the United States. Because the statistics from the survey are based on a sample, they are subject to both sampling and nonsampling errors.
For 2008, a total of 39,553 companies, representing 1,926,012 companies in the population, were selected for the sample; for 2009, a total of 43,002 companies were sampled, representing 2,090,181 companies. The actual numbers of companies that remained within the scope of the survey between sample selection and tabulation were 38,551 for 2008 and 40,300 for 2009. These lower counts represent the number of companies that were determined to be within the scope of the survey after all data collected were processed. Reasons these counts were lower than those originally selected for the sample include mergers, acquisitions, and instances where companies have gone out of business in the interim. Of these in-scope companies, 74.0% were considered to have met the criteria for a complete response to the 2008 survey; 73.1% met the 2009 survey response criteria.
Industry classification was based on the dominant business activity for domestic R&D performance where available. For reporting units that did not report business activity codes for R&D, the classification used for sampling was assigned.
In addition to the information and statistics on domestic R&D performance presented herein, BRDIS offers a wealth of data on other aspects of R&D performance and funding, intellectual property (IP), and innovation. Indicated in table 7 are the areas covered by the 2008 and 2009 cycles of BRDIS.
TABLE 7. Areas covered by the 2008 and 2009 cycles of the Business R&D and Innovation Survey
Company information
Ownership
Business activities
Measures of R&D activity paid for by the company
Domestic and worldwide sales, revenue, and R&D activity
Company-funded R&D by business activity, type of costs, and location
Projected R&D costs
Capital expenditures for R&D (buildings, software, and equipment)
Measures related to R&D management and strategy
Character of work (basic research, applied research, and development)
R&D applications and R&D in new business areas
R&D relationships with others outside the company
Measures of company R&D activity funded by others
Funds for worldwide and domestic R&D activity
R&D funded by others by business activity, type of organization, type of cost, state, and location (domestic vs. foreign)
Measures of R&D employment
R&D headcount (domestic and worldwide) by occupation and sex
Number of U.S. R&D employees working under a visa (H-1B, L-1, etc.)
R&D full-time equivalent counts
Measures of intellectual property (IP), technology transfer, and innovation
Participation in activities to introduce new or significantly improve existing goods, services, methods of production and distribution, or support systems
Selected patenting and licensing information
Participation in specific technology transfer activities, and importance of types of IP protection
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Business R&D
and Innovation Survey: 2008 and 2009.
Detailed information about the BRDIS samples and methodology will be available in the forthcoming survey description at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/survey.cfm. Copies of the BRDIS questionnaires and comparisons of BRDIS with its predecessor, the Survey of Industrial Research and Development, are available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/srvyindustry/about/brdis/. The full set of detailed statistical tables, relative standard errors, and imputation rates from the 2008 and 2009 cycles of BRDIS will be available in the report Business R&D and Innovation: 2008–09. Individual detailed tables from these surveys may be available in advance of the full report. For further information, please contact the author.
Notes
[1] Raymond M. Wolfe, Research and Development Statistics Program, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 965, Arlington, VA 22230 (rwolfe@nsf.gov; 703-292-7789).
[2]Company is defined as a business organization located in the United States, either U.S. owned or a U.S. affiliate of a foreign parent, of one or more establishments under common ownership or control that performs or funds R&D. All estimates from the survey are subject to both sampling and nonsampling errors (see technical notes in the annual reports at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/industry/). Money amounts in this InfoBrief are expressed in current U.S. dollars and are not adjusted for inflation.
[3] For information about BRDIS, which was developed and is co-sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the U.S. Census Bureau, see NRC 2006, NSB 2010, and NSF 2008. For the preliminary 2008 BRDIS statistics, see NSF 2010a, 2010b, and 2010c.
[4] Throughout the text and tables in this InfoBrief, domestic R&D refers to business R&D performed in the 50 United States and Washington, D.C.
[5]Domestic net sales is defined as the dollar values for goods sold or services rendered by companies to customers outside the company, including the federal government, less such items as returns, allowances, freight charges, and excise taxes. These values exclude intracompany transfers and sales by foreign subsidiaries but include transfers to foreign subsidiaries and export sales to foreign companies.
[6]R&D intensity is a measure of R&D expenditures relative to size, production, financial, or other characteristic for a given R&D-performing unit (e.g., industry, sector, state). For this InfoBrief and in the BRDIS detailed statistical tables, R&D intensity is calculated by dividing the cost of the domestic R&D performed by the company by the domestic sales of the company.
[7] This InfoBrief focuses on selected industries. Statistics for a fuller array of 4-digit NAICS industries are available in the detailed statistical tables.
[8] This figure includes R&D scientists and engineers and their managers, as well as technicians, technologists, and support staff. Employment statistics in this InfoBrief are head counts. Full-time equivalent statistics are available in the detailed statistical tables.
[9] BRDIS does not include companies with fewer than 5 employees.
References
National Research Council (NRC). 2006. Measuring Research and Development Expenditures in the U.S. Economy. Panel on Research and Development Statistics at the National Science Foundation, Committee on National Statistics, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Available at http://www7.nationalacademies.org/ocga/briefings/Measuring_R_D_Expenditures_in_US_Economy_Interim.asp.
National Science Board (NSB). 2010. Science and Engineering Indicators: 2010. NSB 10-01. Arlington, VA. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind10/.
National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics (NSF/SRS). 2008. NSF Announces New U.S. Business R&D and Innovation Survey. InfoBrief NSF 09-304. Arlington, VA. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf09304/.
National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics (NSF/SRS). 2010a. U.S. Businesses Report 2008 Worldwide R&D Expense of $330 Billion: Findings from New NSF Survey. InfoBrief NSF 10-322. Arlington, VA. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf10322/.
National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics (NSF/SRS). 2010b. New Employment Statistics from the 2008 Business R&D and Innovation Survey. InfoBrief NSF 10-326. Arlington, VA. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf10326/.
National Science Foundation, Division of Science Resources Statistics (NSF/SRS). 2010c. NSF Releases New Statistics on Business Innovation. InfoBrief NSF 11-300. Arlington, VA. Available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/infbrief/nsf11300/.
National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics Business R&D Performed in the United States Cost $291 Billion in 2008 and $282 Billion in 2009
Arlington, VA (NSF 12-309) [March 2012]
