U.S. Department of Justice

New Jail Planning

Training Programs

  • Starts Feb. 25, 2013
    Planning of New Institutions
  • Available Online
    Staffing Analysis for Jails
  • Available Online
    Jail Data Collection
  • National Jail Exchange

    Local jurisdictions face a wide variety of challenges when deciding whether to build a new jail. If they make a decision to build, they face further challenges in the planning, construction, and operation of a new jail. The National Institute of Corrections (NIC) Jails Division provides training, technical assistance, and information related to new jail planning. These services address issues such as factors to consider in making the decision to build a new jail; the crucial importance of owner involvement in all phases of the project; and information related to designing, constructing, and occupying the new facility.

    Training programs and resource documents are available under the links located at the bottom of this page. Technical assistance opportunities are listed below:

    TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

    Jail and Justice System Assessment

    Jurisdictions considering renovating an existing jail or constructing a new one can apply for assistance in evaluating their current facility and the role of their jail in the local criminal justice system. NIC will assess the physical condition of the jail and interview criminal justice stakeholders about policies and practices that affect the jail. The assistance will result in recommendations related to new construction or renovation and observations concerning areas of the local justice system that have an impact on the jail population. The recommendations and observations will be presented at a meeting of local officials, jail practitioners, and community members, and will be documented in a followup report.

    Making the Transition to a New Jail

    Transition assistance helps local officials understand how to plan for the transition to and occupation of the new jail. It is available to jurisdictions at two points in time before the new jail opens:


    1. Before the jurisdiction breaks ground for the new jail, a technical resource provider can work onsite to help local officials understand the major components of transition, develop criteria for selecting transition team members, and begin to create an action plan for the transition process.


    2. After the jurisdiction has broken ground for the new jail, technical resource providers can train the transition team on the function of the jail’s mission statement; development of operational scenarios, policies, procedures, and post orders; move logistics; staff training issues; budgeting for transition; and development of an action plan for transition. If a jurisdiction is within 12 months of opening its new jail, assistance can still be provided but is limited in scope because of time constraints. A technical resource provider can help local officials and agency staff assigned to the project identify the critical tasks required to open the facility and develop an action plan to complete those tasks.



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    Recommended Reading

    Date Title Type
    2003
    Document preview
    Beyond the Myths: The Jail in Your Community
    National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC). National Institute of Corrections. Jails Division (Longmont, CO).
    This resource provides a foundation for the efforts of sheriffs and jail administrators to provide the public information about jails generally, their jails specifically, and the need for community interest in local jail issues. It can also be used to educate prospective jail employees about local detention.
    Closed captions are only available in the DVD version.... Read More

    1 DVD (23 min.)
    2006
    Document preview
    Building Community Support for New Jail Construction
    By Elias, Gail. National Institute of Corrections. Jails Division (Longmont, CO).
    The process of building community support for a new jail is explained. Sections comprising this bulletin include: the challenge; raising the issue; increasing public awareness; going public with the problem; building a case or support; a picture is worth a thousand words; going public with the information; elements of a case for support; developing campaign strategies; potential stakeholders; case study -- when impact assessments go right and wrong; case study -- a multilevel strategy for a com... Read More
    PDF
    23 p.
    2007
    Document preview
    Facility Planning to Meet the Needs of Female Inmates
    By Elias, Gail. National Institute of Corrections. Jails Division (Washington, DC).
    This bulletin "discusses how jurisdictions of all sizes can consider and address the gender-specific needs of female inmates during the facility planning process." Sections contained in this bulletin are: introduction; the female inmate population; the impact of jail size; target population; predesign issues; master planning; prearchitectural programming; consider a regional approach; design issues; and a last word -- this publication focuses on facility planning not program and service develop... Read More
    PDF
    20 p.
    2002
    Document preview
    Guidelines for Developing a Criminal Justice Coordinating Committee
    By Cushman, Robert C.. National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC). National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
    The development, implementation, and operation of a local criminal justice coordinating committee (CJCC) are described. In particular, this guide provides a look at how a CJCC can alleviate jail crowding and accomplish other system improvements. The following sections comprise this guide: executive summary; introduction; a framework for justice planning and coordination; coordinating mechanisms -- a developmental view; and guiding principles for CJCCs. Appendixes provide: a checklist for forming... Read More
    PDF
    50 p.
    2007
    Document preview
    How to Collect and Analyze Data: A Manual for Sheriffs and Jail Administrators
    By Elias, Gail. National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC). Voorhis Associates (Lafayette, CO); National Institute of Corrections. Jails Division (Longmont, CO).
    Anyone who needs to gather and analyze data concerning various jail-related issues will find this manual useful. This document provides guidance on how information can fuel policy decision making. Chapters comprising this guide are: introduction; good management requires good information; information that should be collected; preparing for the data collection; how to locate and capture information; how to put it all together; how to analyze information; how to interpret information; sharing info... Read More
    PDF
    220 p.
    2009
    Document preview
    Jail Capacity Planning Guide: A Systems Approach
    By Bennett, David M.; Lattin, Donna. National Institute of Corrections. Jails Division (Washington, DC).
    “This guide helps readers better understand the variables applied in jail capacity forecasting, provides more detail about the development of the jail snapshot (a jail assessment) and case-processing study (an analysis of adjudication decisions and timelines), and offers a framework for assessing key population management strategies across the system” (p. viii). Seven chapters comprise this publication: getting started; system assessment—jail population management strategies; the jail snapshot; ... Read More
    PDF
    81 p.
    2002
    Document preview
    Jail Crowding: Understanding Jail Population Dynamics
    By Cunniff, Mark A.. National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC). National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
    Steps involved in developing an understanding of jail population dynamics and factors behind jail crowding are delineated. Sections of this report include: executive summary; how can factors behind jail crowding be identified?; key questions to ask in order to understand jail population dynamics; trends that are driving jail population growth; how to forecast future needs; benefits and elements of an effective analytic process; and elements of the analytic process. Appendixes include: "Preventin... Read More
    PDF
    49 p.
    1998
    Document preview
    Jail Design Guide: A Resource for Small and Medium-Sized Jails
    National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC). Kimme & Associates, Inc..
    Addresses architectural design as it relates to functional components of the jail, discusses overall design considerations, and reviews pre-design planning, renovation, construction costs, and facility transition.... Read More
    PDF
    372
    2003
    Document preview
    Jail Design Review Handbook
    By Goldman, Mark. National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
    A tool for reviewing conceptual options and schematic designs for new or renovated jails is presented. Five chapters make up this handbook: introduction and overview; the jurisdiction's involvement throughout the planning and design process; how to read architects' drawings; checklists; and conclusion and next steps. ... Read More
    PDF
    123 p.
    2010
    Document preview
    Jail Planning and Expansion: Local Officials and Their Roles, Second Edition
    By Robertson, James R.. National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC). National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
    This publication should be the first that elected officials and other policymakers turn to when developing jail facilities--either a new jail or expansion of an existing jail. All the participants’ roles, decisions they make, and the documents resulting from the process are covered. Sections of this manual explain: what the facility development process is; who the participants in the decision are; what types of decisions must be made; how much time and money are spent on each phase; and the nine... Read More
    PDF
    62 p.
    2006
    Document preview
    Jail Site Evaluation and Selection
    By Ricci, Ken. National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC). National Institute of Corrections. Jails Division (Longmont, CO).
    Guidance is provided for successfully identifying, evaluating, and selecting jail sites. This bulletin contains the following sections: case study -- why systematic jail site selection is important; the SEQRA (state environmental quality review act) model; preliminary considerations; five-step site selection process; case study -- the cost of overreacting to public concerns; case study -- an example of rural site selection; case study -- an example of jail expansion on an urban site; case study... Read More
    PDF
    16 p.
    2007
    Document preview
    Jails and the Constitution: An Overview
    By Collins, William C.. National Institute of Corrections. Jails Division (Washington, DC). National Institute of Corrections. Jails Division (Washington, DC).
    This publication "reviews the history of correctional law and summarizes the results and effects of major court decisions" (p. 4). Sections comprising this document include: introduction; history of court involvement; corrections and the Constitution in a new century; the Constitution and the physical plant; understanding Section 1983 lawsuits; how courts evaluate claims -- the balancing test; the First Amendment; the Fourth Amendment; the Eighth Amendment -- overview; the 8th Amendment -- use ... Read More
    PDF
    93 p.
    2010
    Document preview
    New Jail Planning: Getting It Right
    National Institute of Corrections. Jails Division (Washington, DC).
    This video explores the lessons learned by four communities that built new jails. The communities utilized the four major steps of the Facility Developmental Process model:
    • Determine the need and feasibility;
    • Decide to build, plan operations;
    • Design the jail;
    • And build the jail, plan the transition.... Read More

    1 DVD (20 min.)
    2002
    Document preview
    Preventing Jail Crowding: A Practical Guide
    By Cushman, Robert C.. National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
    An explanation on how to use the jail population analysis formula is offered. This paper looks at: the sources of jail crowding; the dynamics that create changes in jail occupancy levels; swings in jail occupancy levels; a jail population analysis system; reducing the inmate population in a crowded jail; policy choices; and the key to preventing crowding. ... Read More
    PDF
    12 p.
    2005
    Document preview
    Resource Manual for Transition to a New Jail
    By Elias, Gail; Milosovich, John. National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC). Voorhis Associates (Lafayette, CO); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
    "[T]his resource document will assist agencies starting the process of planning for a successful transition to a new detention facility" (p. iii). Nine chapters comprise this manual: introduction; transitional management; construction; staff/human resources; document development; training and orientation; furniture, fixtures, equipment, and supplies; move logistics; and transition themes of managing change and community relations.... Read More
    PDF
    210 p.
    2001
    Document preview
    Staffing Analysis Workbook for Jails
    By Liebert, Dennis R.; Miller, Rod. National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
    An integrated series of steps that result in a comprehensive and innovative staffing plan is presented. The staffing analysis process involves: jail profiling; net annual work hours calculation; development of a facility activity schedule; staff coverage plan development; completion of a staff summary; schedule development; evaluation, revision, and improvement of the plan; operational costs calculation; report preparation; and implementation of the plan and monitoring of the results. Appendixes... Read More
    PDF
    43 p.

    Available Training Opportunities

    • Starts Feb. 25, 2013 - Planning of New Institutions
      This 32-hour training program teaches the importance of in-depth planning before starting facility design.
    • Available Online - Staffing Analysis for Jails
      Staff are the most costly and important resource in operating a jail. In many jails, staffing costs make up 70 to 80 percent of the annual budget. Without adequate staffing, jail security and the safety of staff, inmates, and the community are directly threatened and the possibility of costly litigation against the jail increases significantly.
    • Available Online - Jail Data Collection
      This e-course will show how you can improve data collection and analysis at your correctional institution.
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