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2011
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Cost-Benefit Analysis and Its Application to Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Research
By Dossetor, Kym.
Australian Institute of Criminology (Canberra, ACT).
Agencies wanting to compare the costs involved in implementing one program versus another will find this explanation of the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) very useful. CBA cannot determine a program’s effectiveness in achieving specific outcomes; this is program evaluation. CBA does show the expected costs and benefits resulting from a program’s utilization. Sections of this report following a set of acronyms include: introduction and overview of cost-benefit analysis—difference between cos... Read More
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57 pages
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2008
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Prison Staffing Analysis: A Training Manual with Staffing Considerations for Special Populations
By Camp, Camille Graham; Hardyman, Patricia L.; May, Robert; Camp, Camp, George E..
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
This manual provides guidance that “will enable an agency staffing administrator to set up an agency staffing analysis unit and produce a staffing analysis report for an entire agency” (p.xi). Chapters contained in this publication are: introduction -- correctional staffing issues; securing staff deployment policy; two models for managing the security staffing function; agency staffing unit; basic tasks of a staffing analysis; orchestrating the staffing analysis; agency and facility characterist... Read More
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232 p.
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2009
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10 Minutes on Sustainable Cost Reductions: An Approach that Sticks, In Bad Times and Good
PricewaterhouseCoopers (New York, NY).
Strategies for reducing costs that are sustainable, they not only work in the present but also in the future, are explained. This publication covers: why most cost reduction attempts fail; cost reduction strategies and practices that are either value killer or value builders at a glance; challenging times call for thoughtful measures; why cost reduction plans unravel; a strong foundation is critical; and a culture of sustainable cost reduction—where to start.... Read More
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8 pages
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2009
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69 Ways to Save Millions
By Clem, Connie.
The author contacted jail administrators across the U.S. asking what their agencies were doing to cope with decreased funding amidst economic troubles. This article shares their thoughts. Strategies for cutting costs are provided for the physical plant, operations, inmate programs and services, personnel, and population management. Ideas are also given for revenue options, making a plan to address cost savings, and the importance of public stewardship.... Read More
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8 p.
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2012
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APEX Resources Directory Vol. 2: Communications, Focus Groups, and Development
By Bilson, Janet Mancini; Cebula, Nancy; Innes, Christopher; Lantz, Theresa; Ritter, Elizabeth; Ward, Tom.
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
People in Charge LLC (Boulder, CO); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
“APEX Resources Directory Volume 2 provides supportive information to correctional agencies embarking on the APEX (Achieving Performance Excellence) journey. It introduces the National Institute of Correc¬tions (NIC) Information Center, provides detailed information on creating a communications plan for those implementing the APEX Initiative, describes how to use focus groups to effectively gather information and feed-back, and includes a team development guide for those who want to build teams,... Read More
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76 pages
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2012
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Balancing Fiscal Challenges, Performance-Based Budgeting and Public Safety: A Compilation of Panel Testimonies
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
This collection contains testimony regarding cost benefit and cost containment measures. Contents are:
Day 1. “Briefing on the Fiscal Costs of Corrections in the United States” by Mary Livers; “High Cost, Low Return” by Adam Gelb; “Outcome-Based Budgeting: Process and Practice” by Chris Innes; “Current State Fiscal Conditions & the Impact on Corrections” by Brian Sigritz; “Outcome-based Budgeting” by Karen Wilson; “Systems Approach to Cost Containment” by Theresa Lantz; “Cost-Effective Strat... Read More
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417 pages
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2010
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Best Steps Forward: A Budget Balancing Path to Reset State Government & Overcome a Decade of Deficits
Oregon. Governor’s Reset Cabinet (Portland, OR).
While the entire report is informative, one appendix is particular to the community corrections field—Strategies for Reducing the Cost of Corrections in Oregon. Sections of this report following an executive summary are: a decade of deeper deficits confronts us now; long-term deficits require long-term solutions; step 1—carry forward interim budget reductions; step 2—keep state employees in step with all working Oregonians; step 3—keep school employees in step with state employees; step 4—modify... Read More
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78 pages
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1994
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Cost Containment Measures and Impacts in Six Departments of Correction
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
LIS, Inc. (Longmont, CO); National Institute of Corrections Information Center (Longmont, CO).
This report describes the cost containment measures taken in five state Department of Corrections and the Correctional Service of Canada. The six profiles cover the following aspects of cost containment initiatives: the impetus behind the cost containment effort; the selection and design of the cost containment measures; the methods used to evaluate the impact of those measures; and a description of each measure and its impact. States included in this review are Indiana, Nebraska, Oregon, Tennes... Read More
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32 p.
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2011
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Cost-Benefit Knowledge Bank for Criminal Justice (CBKB)
U.S. Bureau of Justice Assistance (Washington, DC).
Vera Institute of Justice. Cost-Benefit Analysis Unit (New York, NY).
“The Cost-Benefit Knowledge Bank for Criminal Justice (CBKB) aims to broaden and deepen the understanding and use of cost-benefit analysis in criminal justice... [and to] help practitioners and jurisdictions build their capacity to conduct cost-benefit studies and apply cost-benefit analysis to policymaking.” Access points on this website include: Webinar on Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and Justice Policy for State Legislators; a step-by-step guide to CBA; Estimating Marginal Costs webinar; webin... Read More
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2009
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Cost–Saving and Cost–Containment Strategies for New York State’s Local Governments
New York. Office of the State Comptroller. Division of Local Government and School Accountability (Albany, NY).
“This report provides a number of ideas and explains efforts undertaken by various municipal officials or identified through audits conducted by OSC [Office of the State Comptroller] that are applicable to most local governments, and that address costs that are under local control” (p. 1). Three areas are highlighted: health care, energy, and jails. In particular, jail-related expenditures have been reduced by cook-chill food preparation, telemedicine, and alternative incarceration. The report e... Read More
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22 pages
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2012
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Culture and Change Management: Using APEX to Facilitate Organizational Change
By Cebula, Nancy; Craig, Elizabeth; Innes, Christopher; Lantz, Theresa; Rhone, Tanya; Ward, Tom.
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
People in Charge LLC (Boulder, CO); National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
“Culture, including beliefs, assumptions, values, norms, and practices in an organization, determines the success of an organization’s performance and change efforts. This book helps illuminate the role culture plays in an organization that is striving for higher performance ... Knowledge of culture enables an organization to proceed along the path to successful change. The APEX Change Management Model provides a process and map for organizational change based in research and best practices; it ... Read More
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116 pages
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2009
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Cutting Corrections Costs: Earned Time Policies for State Prisoners
By Lawrence, Alison.
National Conference of State Legislatures. Criminal Justice Program (Denver, CO); Pew Charitable Trusts. Pew Center on the States. Public Safety Performance Project (Washington, DC).
The use of "earned time" to "reduce the costs of incarceration and help offenders succeed when they return to the community" is examined (p. 1) Topics discussed include: types of earned time -- most common are education participation and work; quantities of work time; public safety and cost savings; recent expansion of earned time policies; expanding earned time pays off in Washington; reducing recidivism in Kansas; and incentive credits in Pennsylvania.... Read More
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14 p.
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2009
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Evidence-Based Public Policy Options to Reduce Crime and Criminal Justice Costs: Implications in Washington State
By Drake, Elizabeth K.; Aos, Steve; Miller, Marna G..
Following an abstract, this article has sections that cover: meta-analytical procedures; cost-benefit procedures; findings for what reduces crime and what the costs and benefits are; and conclusions. This article describes the methodology behind, and includes some updates to, the 2006 report, "Evidence-Based Public Policy Options to Reduce Future Prison Construction, Criminal Justice Costs and Crime Rates." Programs evaluated are those operating in the adult and juvenile offender systems, as we... Read More
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27 p.
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2011
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Inmate Medical Cost Containment: 2011 Legislative Report
North Carolina Dept. of Corrections (Raleigh, NC).
This report evaluates the impacts resulting from North Carolina’s Senate Bill 897 on the Department of Correction’s expenditures for inmate medical services provided outside of its facilities. Senate Bill 897 is separated into the following sections: the 70% Mandate; the 5% Mandate; the Medicaid Mandate; other cost containment methods not covered by this bill; and reporting. The Department’s budget was reduced by $20.5 million in anticipation of cost savings resulting from Senate Bill 897. Unfor... Read More
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13 pages
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2011
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Is This a Good Quality Outcome Evaluation Report? A Guide for Practitioners
By Poulin, Mary; Orchowsky, Stan; Trask, Jason.
U.S. Bureau of Justice Assistance. Center for Program Evaluation and Performance Measurement (Washington, DC); Justice Research and Statistics Association (Washington, DC).
“This guide is designed to introduce and explain the key concepts in outcome evaluation research in order to help practitioners distinguish between good and poor quality evaluation reports” (p. 3). Topics covered include: what evaluation is; the role of evaluation design; how well the evaluation is carried out; sample size appropriateness; definitions of evaluation terms; cost-benefit analysis; meta-analyses and systematic reviews; assessing the report’s quality; and “Is This a Good Quality Eval... Read More
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17 pages
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2010
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It’s About Time: Aging Prisoners, Increasing Costs, and Geriatric Release
By Chiu, Tina.
Pew Charitable Trusts. Pew Center on the States. Public Safety Performance Project (Washington, DC).
Vera Institute of Justice. Center on Sentencing and Corrections (New York, NY).
This report, “based upon a statutory review of geriatric release provisions…offers recommendations for responding to the disparities between geriatric release policies and practice” (p.2). Agencies will want to look this document over to see if they are compliant with their own geriatric release laws. These sections follow an executive summary: introduction; background; state approaches to releasing older inmates vary; examining the gap between intent and impact; recommendations; and conclusion.... Read More
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14 p.
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1994
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Jail Population Reduction Strategies: An Examination of Five Jurisdictions' Responses to Jail Crowding
National Institute of Corrections (Washington, DC).
American Jail Association (Hagerstown, MD).
This study examines local criminal justice systems which have reduced or significantly slowed the number of inmates incarcerated in the county jail. The research specifically looks at the processes and methods utilized to accomplish this outcome. Five sites are presented in this report which examines the site environment, population reduction efforts, process changes and programmatic changes.... Read More
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32 p.
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2010
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Justice Atlas of Sentencing and Corrections
Justice Mapping Center (Brooklyn, NY).
“The Justice Atlas is a corrections data driven, interactive mapping tool ... [It] is distinct from crime mapping in that it maps the residential patterns of populations who are admitted to prison and who return to their communities from prison each year; as well as those who are on parole or probation on any typical day.” Statistics are provided per state (if given) for admissions rate, count, and expenditure, releases rate, count, and expenditure, parole rate and count, and probation rate and ... Read More
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1 page
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2010
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Right-Sizing Prisons: Business Leaders Make the Case for Corrections Reform
Pew Center on the States (Washington, DC).
Business leaders interested in promoting corrections reform will find this article very illuminating. Topics discussed are: how business organizations can get involved in sentencing and corrections issues and why these issues are important to the business community; specific policy changes being advanced in the interviewees’ communities; how community members are attempting to reform influence reform; and the political and other challenges encountered and strategies to deal with them.... Read More
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8 p.
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2010
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State Government Redesign Efforts 2009 and 2010
By Stewart, Lauren.
National Governors' Association. Center for Best Practices (Washington, DC).
Strategies for dealing with the severe budget shortfalls affecting state governments are examined. Readers will find useful information for dealing with their own budget cuts. In addition to an executive summary, this brief has sections covering the responses of governors in the policy areas of corrections, K-12 education, higher education, employee costs, shared services and agency consolidation, privatization and asset sales, and tax expenditures.... Read More
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26 pages
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2009
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Steps to Control Prison Inmate Health Care Costs Have Begun to Show Savings
Florida. Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability (Tallahassee, FL).
Efforts by the Florida Department of Corrections to reduce inmate health care costs are reported. Best practices in contracting for inmate health services are also described. Sections of this publication include: at a glance; scope; background; questions and answers—what factors have contributed to rising costs for inmate health care; the steps have been take to contain these costs; what should be considered if inmate health care is outsourced; practices to be followed when contracting for inmat... Read More
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16 pages
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2011
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Strategic Cutback Management: Law Enforcement Leadership for Lean Times
By Wiseman, Jane.
National Institute of Justice (Washington, DC).
This report “presents lessons learned from past experience and suggests approaches leaders can use to address financial crises in law enforcement” (p. ii). These strategies can also be applied to corrections. This guide also provides examples of other agencies using these tactics. Sections cover: challenges during times of economic decline; ways to manage during times of economic decline—business process re-engineering (BPR), performance measurement, and budgeting for outcomes; selected current ... Read More
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30 pages
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2010
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The Continuing Fiscal Crisis in Corrections: Setting a New Course
By Woodruff, Michael; Shames, Alison.
Vera Institute of Justice. Center on Sentencing and Corrections (New York, NY).
Individuals facing cuts to their corrections budgets should read this report. It “describes the immediate actions states have taken to reduce costs … [and] looks at legislative reforms aimed at reducing corrections spending over the long term” (p. 2). Sections of this publication include: introduction; the fiscal environment and a state of crisis—the cost and overall appropriations for corrections; state responses and seeking operational efficiencies—personnel savings, downsizing programs, closi... Read More
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21 pages
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2009
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The Fiscal Crisis in Corrections: Rethinking Policies and Practices
By Scott-Hayward, Christine S..
Vera Institute of Justice (New York, NY).
"This report, drawing on a survey of enacted FY 2010 state budges and recent legislation, looks at how officials are responding to these reductions [or budget shortfalls] and how others are mobilizing to find efficiencies and savings" (p. 2). Sections following an executive summary include: introduction; the effect of the fiscal crisis on corrections; seeking operating efficiencies; reducing costs associated with recidivism; accelerating prison releases; systematic reform -- sentencing commissi... Read More
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14 p.
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2010
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The National Summit on Justice Reinvestment and Public Safety: Addressing Recidivism, Crime, and Corrections Spending
Pew Charitable Trusts. Pew Center on the States. Public Safety Performance Project (Washington, DC); U.S. Bureau of Justice Assistance (Washington, DC); Public Welfare Foundation (Washington, DC).
Council of States Governments. Justice Center (New York, NY).
Materials from a national summit regarding “data-driven, fiscally responsible policies and practices that can increase public safety and reduce recidivism and spending on corrections” are available at this website. Points of entry include: overview and Summit report; multimedia; media coverage; and hearing testimony. Individuals tasked with reducing correctional spending should look at this resource.... Read More
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2 pages
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2012
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The Price of Prisons: What Incarceration Costs Taxpayers [and] The Price of Prisons: 40 State Fact Sheets
By Henrichson, Christian; Delaney, Ruth.
Pew Charitable Trusts. Pew Center on the States. Public Safety Performance Project (Washington, DC).
Vera Institute of Justice. Center on Sentencing and Corrections (New York, NY).
This website provides a look at the direct cost of state prisons to taxpayers. A report is presented from a study in which prison costs are analyzed by state according to: the number of prison costs that are outside the corrections budgets—costs budgeted centrally for administrative purposes, inmate services funded through other agencies, and underfunded contributions for retirement benefits; the total taxpayer cost of prisons; and the total taxpayer cost per inmate. Collateral costs or indirect... Read More
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28 pages
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2010
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The Real Costs and Benefits of Change: Finding Opportunities for Reform During Difficult Fiscal Times
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (Chicago, IL).
National Juvenile Justice Network (Washington, DC).
Individuals advocating for cost-effective juvenile justice reform need to turn to this guide “to help reinforce the value, both in terms of dollars and substance, of progressive programming for juveniles that leads to positive youth outcomes and healthy communities” (p.1). This document is divided into four parts: the problem, moving toward reform in a time of fiscal crisis; substantive and tactical strategies to realign and reduce spending while maintaining progressive programming; using the fi... Read More
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19 p.
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2010
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WSIPP’s Benefit-Cost Tool for States: Examining Policy Options in Sentencing and Corrections
Washington State Institute for Public Policy (Olympia, WA).
The development and implementation of an analytical tool that helps states determine which evidence-based practices are most cost effective in preventing crime and lowering correctional costs. “The project’s overall goal is to use the best information available to identify sentencing and corrections policies that can help states protect public safety and control taxpayer costs. To accomplish this goal, we have constructed a benefit-cost “investment” model that estimates crime and fiscal outcome... Read More
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58 pages
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