Publications - Technical

Atkinson, G. M., and D. J. Wald (2007) "Did You Feel It?" intensity data: A surprisingly good measure of earthquake ground motion  Seism. Res. Lett. 78, 362-368

Dengler, L. A., and J. W. Dewey (1998). An Intensity Survey of Households Affected by the Northridge, California, Earthquake of 17 January, 1994,  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 88, p. 441-462.

Dewey, J. W., B. G. Reagor, L. Dengler, and K. Moley (1995). Intensity distribution and isoseismal maps for the Northridge, California, earthquake of January 17, 1994,  U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-92, 35 pp.

Richter, C. F. (1958). Elementary Seismology, W. H. Freeman and Company,  San Francisco, 135-149.

Wald, D. J., and Dewey, J.W. (2005). Did You Feel It? Citizens Contribute to Earthquake Science,  USGS Fact Sheet 2005-3016.

Wald, D. J., Quitoriano, V., Dengler, L. A., and Dewey J. W. (1999). Utilization of the Internet for Rapid Community Intensity Maps,  Seismological Research Letters, 70, No. 6, 680-697.

Wood, H. O., and F. Neumann (1931). Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931,  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 21, p. 277-283.

Petersen, Mark D., Stephen C. Harmsen, Kenneth S. Rukstales, Charles S. Mueller, Daniel E. McNamara, Nicolas Luco, and Melanie Walling Seismic Hazard of American Samoa and Neighboring South Pacific Islands - Data, Methods, Parameters, and Results 

A. D. Frankel, C. S. Mueller, T. P. Barnhard, E. V. Leyendecker, R. L. Wesson, S. C. Harmsen, F. W. Klein, D. M. Perkins, N. C. Dickman, S. L. Hanson, and M. G. Hopper (2000). USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps, Earthquake Spectra,  Professional Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Vol. 16, No. 1, February 2000.

Arnold, Edward, (1989). Program SEISRISK III Adapted to Personal computers:  Open-File Report 89-557.

Arthur D. Frankel, Mark D. Petersen, Charles S. Mueller, Kathleen M. Haller, Russell L. Wheeler, E. V. Leyendecker, Robert L. Wesson, Stephen C. Harmsen, Chris H. Cramer, David M. Perkins, and Kenneth S. Rukstales, Documentation for the 2002 Update of the National Seismic Hazard Maps, Open-file Report 02-420.

Bender, Bernice and Perkins, David, (1987). SEISRISK III: A Computer Program for Seismic Hazard Estimation:  U.S. Geological Survey BULLETIN 1772.

Bufe, Charles G., (2004). Stress transfer to the Denali and other regional faults from the M 9.2 Alaska earthquake of 1964, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am. V. 94, n. 6B, p. S145–S155.

Bufe, Charles G., (2004). Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am. V. 94, n. 3, p. 1159–1165.

Bufe, Charles G., (2005). Stress distribution along the Fairweather-Queen Charlotte transform fault system, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., v. 95, n. 5, p. 2001–2008.

Bufe, Charles G., and Perkins, David M., (2005). Evidence for a global seismic-moment release sequence, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am. V. 95, n. 3, p 833–843.

Cramer, C. H., M.D. Petersen, and M.S. Reichle, (1996). A Monte Carlo approach in estimating uncertainty for a seismic hazard assessment of Los Angeles, Ventura, and Orange counties, California, Bull. Seis. Soc. Amer., 86, 1681-1691.

Cramer, C.H., M.D. Petersen, T. Cao, T.R. Toppozada, and M. Reichle, (2000). A time-dependent probabilistic seismic hazard model for California, Bull. Seis. Soc. Amer., 90, 1-21.

Cramer, Chris H, Wheeler, Russell L., and Mueller, Charles S., (2002). Uncertainty analysis for seismic hazard in the Southern Illinois Basin,  Seismological Research letters, v. 73, n. 5, p. 792–804.

Field, E.H. and M.D. Petersen, (2000). A test of various site-effect parameterizations in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of southern California, Bull. Seis.. Soc. Amer., 90, S222-S244.

Frankel, Arthur, (1993). Three-dimensional simulations of ground motions in the San Bernardino Valley, California, for hypothetical earthquakes on the San Andreas fault: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 83, p. 1020-1041.

Frankel, Arthur, (1994). Implications of felt area-magnitude relations for earthquake scaling and the average frequency of perceptible ground motion: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, p. 462-465.

Frankel, Arthur, (1994). Dense array recordings in the San Bernardino Valley of Landers-Big Bear aftershocks-Basin surface waves, Moho reflections, and three-dimensional simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, p. 613-624.

Frankel, Arthur, (1995). Mapping seismic hazard in the Central and Eastern United States:  Seismological Research Letters, v. 66, no. 4, p. 8-21.

Frankel, Arthur, (1995). Simulating strong motions of large earthquakes using recordings of small earthquakes -- The Loma Prieta mainshock as a test case: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 84, p. 462-465.

Frankel, Arthur, Mueller, Charles, Barnhard, Theodore, Perkins, David, Leyendecker, E. V., Dickman, Nancy, Hanson, Stanley, and Hopper, Margaret, (1997). National 1996 Seismic Hazard Maps: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 97-131.

Frankel, Arthur, Mueller, Charles, Barnhard, Theodore, Perkins, David, Leyendecker, E. V., Dickman, Nancy, Hanson, Stanley, and Hopper, Margaret, (1997). California/Nevada 1996 Seismic Hazard Maps: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 97-130.

Frankel, Arthur, Mueller, Charles, Barnhard, Theodore, Perkins, David, Leyendecker, E.V., Dickman, Nancy, Hanson, Stanley, and Hopper, Margaret, (1996). National Seismic Hazard Maps, June 1996, Documentation: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 96-532, 100 p.

Hanson, Stanley L. and Perkins, David M., (1995). Seismic sources and recurrence rates as adopted by USGS staff for the production of the 1982 and 1990 probabilistic ground motion maps for Alaska and the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-file Report 95-257.

Hanson, Stanley, Thenhaus, Paul, Chapman-Wilbert, Michelle, and Perkins, David, (1992). Analyst's Manual for USGS Seismic Hazard Programs Adapted to the Macintosh Computer System:  U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-529.

Harmsen, S. and A. Frankel, (2001). Geographic deaggregation of seismic hazard in the United States, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 91, 13-26.

Harmsen, S., (2001). Mean and modal epsilon in the deaggregation of probabilistic ground motion, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 91, 1537-1552.

Harmsen, S.C., Frankel, A. D., and Petersen, M. D., (2003). Deaggregation of U.S. Seismic Hazard Sources: The 2002 Update, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-440.

Harmsen, Stephen, Perkins, David, and Frankel, Arthur, (1999). Deaggregation of Probabilistic Ground Motions in the Central and Eastern United States:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 89, No. 1, pp. 1-13, February 1999.

Leyendecker, E.V., Algermissen, S.T., and Frankel, A.D., (1994). Use of spectral response maps and uniform hazard response spectra in building codes:  Proceedings of the 5th U.S. Conference on Earthquake Engineering, v. IV, p. 379-387, Earthquake Research Institute.

Leyendecker, E.V., Perkins, D.M., Algermissen, S.T., Thenhaus, P.C., and Hanson, S.L., (1995). USGS spectral response maps and their relationship with seismic design forces in building codes: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 95-596.

M.D. Petersen, C.H. Cramer, T. R. Toppozada, M. Reichle, and J.D. Davis, (1999).  The calculation of expected loss using probabilistic seismic hazard, Bull. Seis. Soc. Amer, 89, 867-876.

Mueller, C.S., A.D. Frankel, M.D. Petersen, E.V. Leyendecker, (2003). Documentation for 2003 USGS seismic hazard maps for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-379.

Mueller, Charles, Hopper, Margaret, and Frankel, Arthur, (1997). Preparation of Earthquake Catalogs for the National Seismic-Hazard Maps: Contiguous 48 States: U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 97-464.

Perkins, David M., (2000). Fuzzy sources, maximum likelihood, and the new methodology, in Seismicity modeling in seismic hazard mapping, Workshop Proceedings, Poljce, Slovenia, May 2224, 2000, Geological Survey, Republic of Slovenia, p. 6775. Also in A unified approach toward probabilistic risk assessment for earthquakes, floods, landslides, and volcanoes, Proceedings of a Multidisciplinary Workshop held in Golden, Colorado, November 16-17, 1999, Compiled by Aldo V. Vecchia, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-324, p. 4756.

Petersen, M.D., and others, (2008). United States National Seismic Hazard Maps: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2008-3017, 4p.

Petersen, M.D., B.K. Rastogi, E.S. Schweig, S. Harmsen, and J.S. Gomberg, (2004). Sensitivity of seismic hazard for the northwestern portion of the state of Gujarat, India,  Tectonophysics, 390, 105-115.

Petersen, M.D., C.H. Cramer, and A.D. Frankel, (2002). Simulations of seismic hazard for the Pacific Northwest of the United States from earthquakes associated with the Cascadia subduction zone,  Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 159, p 2147-2168

Petersen, M.D., Cramer, C.H., A.D. Frankel, and T. Hanks, (2000). Discrepancy between earthquake rates implied by historic earthquakes and a consensus geologic source model for California, Bull. Seis. Soc. Amer., 90, 1117-1132.

Petersen, M.D., Mueller, C., Harmsen, S., Frankel, A.D., Rukstales, K., Dewey, J., Hartzell, S., (2004). Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for Sumatra, Indonesia and across the southern Malaysian Peninsula,  Tectonophysics, v. 390, p. 141–158.

Rogers, A.M. ,and Perkins, D.M., (1996). Monte Carlo simulation of peak-acceleration attenuation using a finite-fault uniform-patch model including isochron and extremal characteristics: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 86, p. 79-92.

Russell L. Wheeler and David M. Perkins, (2000). Research, methodology, and applications of probabilistic seismic-hazard mapping of the central and eastern United States - Minutes of a workshop on June 13-14, 2000, at Saint Louis University : U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 00-0390.

Wesson, Robert L, Bakun, William H, and Perkins, David M, (2003). Association of Earthquakes and Faults in the San Francisco Bay Area Using Bayesian Inference, Bull Seis Soc Am, v. 93, n.3, p. 1306–1332.

Wesson, Robert L, Perkins, David M, Leyendecker, Edgar V, Roth, Richard J, Jr, Petersen, Mark D, (2004). Losses to single-family housing and ground motions from the 1994 Northridge, CA, earthquake, Earthquake Spectra, v. 20, n. 3, p. 1021–1045.

Wesson, Robert L., and Perkins, David M., (2001). Spatial correlation of probabilistic earthquake ground motion and loss, Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., v. 91, n. 6, pp. 1498–1515.

Wesson, Robert, Frankel, Arthur, Mueller, Charles, and Harmsen, Stephen, (1999). Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Maps of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey, File Report 99-36.

Wesson, Robert, Frankel, Arthur, Mueller, Charles, and Harmsen, Stephen, (1999).  Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Maps of Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-2679.

Wheeler, Russell L., (1995). Earthquakes and the cratonward limit of Iapetan faulting in eastern North America: Geology, v. 23, no. 2, p. 105-108.

Wheeler, Russell L., (1996). Earthquakes and the southeastern boundary of the intact Iapetan margin in eastern North America:  Seismological Research Letters, v. 67, no. 5, p. 77-83.

Wheeler, Russell L., (1997). Boundary separating the seismically active Reelfoot rift from the sparsely seismic Rough Creek graben, Kentucky and Illinois:  Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 4, p. 586-598.

Wheeler, Russell L., (2002). Distinguishing seismic from nonseismic soft-sediment structures: Criteria from seismic-hazard analysis, in Ettensohn, F.R., Rast, N., and Brett, C.E., eds., Ancient seismites:  Geological Society of America Special Paper 359, p. 1–11.

Wheeler, Russell L., and Cramer, Chris H., (2002). Updated seismic hazard in the Southern Illinois Basin: Geological and geophysical foundations for use in the 2002 USGS National seismic-hazard maps,  Seismological Research letters, v. 73, n. 5 p. 776–791.

Wheeler, Russell L., and Crone, Anthony J., (2001). Known and suggested quaternary faulting in the mid-continent United States,  Engineering Geology, v. 62, p. 51–78.

Wheeler, Russell l., and Frankel, Arthur, (2000). Geology in the 1996 USGS seismic-hazard maps, central and eastern United States,  Seismological Research letters, v. 71, n. 2, p. 273–282.

Allen, T. I., K. D. Marano, P. S. Earle, and D. J. Wald (2009a).  PAGER-CAT: A composite earthquake catalog for calibrating global fatality models,  Seism. Res. Lett 80(1), 57-62. DOI:10.1785/gssrl.80.1.57.

Hayes, G. P., and D. J. Wald (2009).  Developing framework to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane in subduction zones a priori — a probabilistic approach,  Geophys. J. Int., v. 176, p. 951-964.

Hayes, G.P., Wald, D.J., and Johnson, R.L. (in prep) Introducing Slab1.0, a three-dimensional model of global subduction zone geometries.  

Hayes, G.P., Wald, D.J., and Keranen, K. (2010). Advancing techniques to constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane on subduction interfaces a priori — higher order functional fits:  Geochem. Geohpys. Geosys. p 951-964

Ji, C., V. Helmberger, and D. J. Wald (2004). A teleseismic study of the 2002, Denali, Alaska, earthquake and implications for rapid strong motion estimation, Earthq. Spectra 20, 617-637.

Allen, T. I., Wald, D.J, Earle, P. S., Marano, K. D., Hotovec, A.J., Lin, K., and Hearne, M. (2009b).  An Atlas of ShakeMaps and population exposure catalog for earthquake loss modeling,  Bull. Earthq. Eng., v. 7, DOI: 10.1007/s10518-009-9120-y.

Jaiswal, K. S., and D. J. Wald (2008a). Creating a global building inventory for earthquake loss assessment and risk management,  U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1160, 103 p.

Jaiswal, K. S., D. J. Wald, and Hearne, M. (2009b). Estimating casualties for large worldwide earthquakes using an empirical approach, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1136.

Jaiswal, K. S., Wald, D. J., Earle, P. S., Porter, K. A., and Hearne, M. G. (2009a). Earthquake Casualty Models Within the USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) System. Proceedings of the 1st International Disaster Casualty Workshop, Cambridge, England. 8 pp.

Jaiswal, K., and D. Wald (2008b). Developing a global building inventory for earthquake loss assessment and risk management, Proc. 14th World Conf. Earthq. Eng., Beijing, China 8 p.

Jaiswal, K., Wald, D.J., and Crowley, H.,(2010) An Empirical Model for Estimating Economic Losses due to Large Worldwide Earthquakes  Proc. of 14th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Ohrid, Macedonia Aug 30-Sept 3, 2010. Paper No. 1082, 9 pp.

Jaiswal, K.S. and Wald, D.J. Rapid estimation of the economic consequences of global earthquakes U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2011-1116, 47p.

Jaiswal, K.S., and Wald, D.J. (2010) Development of a semi-empirical loss model within the USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) System  Proc. of 9th US and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering: Reaching Beyond Borders, July 25-29, 2010 Toronto Canada

Jaiswal, K.S., and Wald, D.J. (2010) An Empirical Model for Global Earthquake Fatality Estimation  Earthquake Spectra, Accepted, April 2, 2010 (in press)

Jaiswal, K.S., and Wald, D.J. (2010). A Global Building Inventory for Earthquake Loss Estimation and Risk Management:  Earthquake Spectra.

Jaiswal, K.S., and Wald, D.J. (2010). Development of a semi-empirical loss model within the USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) System, Proc. of 9th US and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering: Reaching Beyond Borders, July 25-29, 2010 Toronto Canada.

Porter, K. A. (2009). Cracking an open safe: HAZUS vulnerability functions in terms of structure—independent spectral acceleration,  Earthq. Spectra. v. 25, n. 2. p. 361-378.

Porter, K. A., K. S. Jaiswal, D. J. Wald, M. Greene, and C. Comartin (2008b). WHE-PAGER Project: a new initiative in estimating global building inventory and its seismic vulnerability, Proc. 14th World Conf. Earthq. Eng., Beijing, China 8 pp.

Porter, K., K. Jaiswal, D. Wald, P. Earle, and M. Hearne (2008a). Fatality models for the U.S. Geological Survey's Prompt Assesment of Global Earthquake for Response (PAGER) system, Proc. 14th World Conf. Earthq. Eng., Beijing, China, 8 pp.

Wald, D. J., K. Jaiswal, K. Marano, P. Earle, and T.I. Allen. (2009a). Advancements in Casualty Modeling Facilitated by the USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) System.  Proceedings of the 1st International Disaster Casualty Workshop, Cambridge, England. 8 pp.

Earle, P. S., D. J. Wald, T. I. Allen, K. S. Jaiswal, K. A. Porter, and M. G. Hearne (2008). Rapid exposure and loss estimates for the May 12, 2008 MW 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake provided by the U.S. Geological Survey's PAGER system, Proc. 14th World Conf. Earthqu. Eng. Beijing, China, Paper, 8 pp.

Earle, P.S., Wald, D.J., Jaiswal, J.S., Allen, T.I., Marano, K.D., Hotovec, A.J., Hearne, M.G., and Fee, J.M. (2009). Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER): A system for rapidly determining the impact of global earthquakes worldwide: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2009-1131.

Wald, D. J., P. S. Earle, T. I. Allen, K. Jaiswal, K. Porter, and M. Hearne (2008a). Development of the U.S. Geological Survey's PAGER system (Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response), Proc. 14th World Conf. Earthq. Eng., Beijing, China, 8 pp.

Wald, D. J., Jaiswal, K. S., Marano, K. D., and Bausch, D. (2009b). Developing Casualty and Impact Alert Protocols Based on the USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) System.  Proceedings of the 1st International Disaster Casualty Workshop, Cambridge, England. 10 pp.

Allen, T. I., and D. J. Wald (2007). Topographic slope as a proxy for seismic site-conditions (VS30) and amplification around the globe,  U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1357, 69 p.

Allen, T. I., and D. J. Wald (2009). On the use of high-resolution topographic data as a proxy for seismic site conditions (VS30),  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. v. 99. no. 2A. pp 935-943.

Allen, T. I., D. J. Wald, A. J. Hotovec, K. Lin, P. S. Earle, and K. D. Marano (2008). An Atlas of ShakeMaps for selected global earthquakes,  U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1236, 47 p.

Allen, T. I., Wald, D.J, Earle, P. S., Marano, K. D., Hotovec, A.J., Lin, K., and Hearne, M. (2009b). An Atlas of ShakeMaps and population exposure catalog for earthquake loss modeling,  Bull. Earthq. Eng., v. 7, DOI: 10.1007/s10518-009-9120-y.

Allen, T.I., and D.J. Wald (2009). Evaluation of ground-motion modeling techniques for use in Global ShakeMap – A critique of instrumental ground-motion prediction equations, peak ground motion to macroseismic intensity conversions and macroseismic intensity predictions in different tectonic settings,  U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1047, 114 p.

Atkinson, G. M., and D. J. Wald (2007). "Did You Feel It?" intensity data: A surprisingly good measure of earthquake ground motion,  Seism. Res. Lett. 78, 362-368.

Godt, J., B. Sener, K. Verdin, D. Wald, P. Earle, E. Harp, and R. Jibson (2008). Rapid assessment of earthquake-induced landsliding, Proceedings of the First World Landslide Forum, United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan, 4 p.

Marano, K. D., D. J. Wald, and T. I. Allen (2009). Global earthquake casualties due to secondary effects: a quantitative analysis for improving rapid loss analyses,  Nat. Hazards. v. 49. DOI: 10/1007/s11069-009-9372-5.

Porter, K. A., K. S. Jaiswal, D. J. Wald, M. Greene, and C. Comartin (2008b).  WHE-PAGER Project: a new initiative in estimating global building inventory and its seismic vulnerability, Proc. 14th World Conf. Earthq. Eng., Beijing, China 8 pp.

Verdin, K. L., J. Godt, C. Funk, D. Pedreros, B. Worstell, and J. Verdin (2007). Development of a global slope dataset for estimation of landslide occurrence resulting from earthquakes, U.S. Geological Survey, Open-File Report 2007-1188, 25 p.

Wald, D. J., and T. I. Allen (2007). Topographic slope as a proxy for seismic site conditions and amplification, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am.97, 1379-1395.

Wald, D. J., K. Lin, and V. Quitoriano (2008b). Quantifying and qualifying ShakeMap uncertainty, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1238, 27 p.

Wald, D. J., P. S. Earle, K. Lin, V. Quitoriano, and B. Worden (2006a).  Challenges in rapid ground motion estimation for the prompt assessment of global urban earthquakes, Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. 81, 272-281.

Wald, D. J., V. Quitoriano, and J. W. Dewey (2006b).  USGS "Did you feel it?" community internet intensity maps: macroseismic data collection via the internet  First European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology. Geneva, Switzerland, 10 p.

Wald, D., and J. Dewey (2005).  Did You Feel It? Citizens contribute to earthquake science, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-2005-3016, 4p.

Allen, T.I., Wald, D.J., Hotovec, A.J., Lin, K., Earle, P.S., and Marano, K.D., 2008, An Atlas of ShakeMaps for selected global earthquakes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2008-1236, 34 p.

Atkinson, G.M., and Boore, D.M., 2006, Earthquake ground-motion predictions for eastern North America:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., v. 96, p. 2181-2205.

Atkinson, G.M., and Wald, D.J., 2007, Did You Feel It?  Seism. Res. Lett., v. 78, no. 3, p. 362-368.

Boore, D. M., W. B. Joyner, and T.E. Fumal (1997). Equations for Estimating Horizontal Response Spectra and Peak Accelerations from Western North American Earthquakes:  A Summary of Recent Work, Seism. Res. Lett., 68, 128-153.

Boore, D.M., Joyner, W.B., and Fumal, T.E., 1997, Equations for estimating horizontal response spectra and peak acceleration from Western North American earthquakes: A summary of recent work:  Seismological Research Letters, v. 68, no. 1, p. 128-153.

Borcherdt, R. D. (1994). Estimates of site-dependent response spectra for design (methodology and justification),  Earthquake Spectra, 10, 617-654.

Frankel, A., Mueller, C., T. Barnhard, D. Perkins, E.V. Leyendecker, N. Dickman, S. Hansen, and M. Hopper (1996). National Seismic Hazard Maps:  Documentation, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-532.

Petersen, M. D. P., W. A. Bryant, C. H. Cramer, T. Cao, and M. Reichle, A. D. Frankel, J. J. Lienkaemper, P. A. McCrory, and D. P. Schwartz, (1996). Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment For The State Of California,  California Division of Mines and Geology Open-File Report 96-08.

Wald, D. J., L. Wald, B. Worden, and J. Goltz (2003). ShakeMap-A Tool for Earthquake Response, U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 087-03.

Wald, D. J., V. Quitoriano, T. H. Heaton, H. Kanamori, C. W. Scrivner, and C. B. Worden, (1999b). TriNet ShakeMaps: Rapid Generation of Instrumental Ground Motion and Intensity Maps for Earthquakes in Southern California,  Earthquake Spectra, 15, 537-556.

Wald, D. J.,V. Quitoriano, T. H. Heaton, H. Kanamori (1999a), Relationships between Peak Ground Acceleration, Peak Ground Velocity and Modified Mercalli Intensity in California,  Earthquake Spectra, 15, 557-564.

Wald, D.J., and Allen, T.I., 2007, Topographic slope as a proxy for seismic site conditions and amplification:  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., v. 97, no. 5, p. 1379-1395.

Wald, D.J., Lin, K., and Quitoriano, V., 2008, Quantifying and Qualifying USGS ShakeMap Uncertainty, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1238.

Wald, D.J., Quitoriano, V., Dengler, L., and Dewey, J.W., 1999a, Utilization of the Internet for rapid Community Intensity Maps:  Seism. Res. Lett., v. 70, p. 680-697.

Wald, D.J., Quitoriano, V., Heaton, T.H., and Kanamori, H., 1999b, Relationship between Peak Ground Acceleration, Peak Ground Velocity, and Modified Mercalli Intensity in California:  Earthquake Spectra, v. 15, no. 3, p. 557-564.

Wald, D.J., Quitoriano, V., Heaton, T.H., Kanamori, H., Scrivner, C.W., and Worden, B.C., 1999c, TriNet  Earthquake Spectra, v. 15, no. 3, p. 537-556.

Wald, D.J., Worden, B.C., Quitoriano, V., and Pankow, K.L., 2005, ShakeMap manual: technical manual, user's guide, and software guide: U.S. Geological Survey, 132 p.

Wald, David J., B. C. Worden, V. Quitoriano, and K. L. Pankow (2005). ShakeMap Manual: Users Guide, Technical Manual, and Software Guide, USGS Techniques and Methods 12-A1, 128 pp.

Wills, C. J., M. D. Petersen, W. A. Bryant, M. S. Reichle, G. J. Saucedo, S. S. Tan, G. C. Taylor, and J. A. Treiman (2000). A site-conditions map for California based on geology and shear wave velocity,  Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 90, S187-S208.

Youngs, R.R., Chiou, S.-J., Silva, W.J., and Humphrey, J.R., 1997, Strong ground motion attenuation relationships for subduction zone earthquakes:  Seism. Res. Lett., v. 68, no. 1, p. 58-73.