This Resource Letter provides a guide to the literature on vacuum structures and their effects in Quantum Electrodynamics. References to books and journal articles that deal with perturbative vacuum effects as well as nonperturbative processes in extremely strong external fields like spontaneous positron production ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The potential of a point source placed on a flat surface is calculated in the context of reduced QED3+1, and the effective charge behavior is investigated with allowance for the polarization of vacuum. Both approximate analytical and numerical methods are used in calculations. It is established that the behavior of the examined ...
We propose the evanescent-mode-sensing methods to probe the quantum electrodynamics (QED) vacuum polarization. From our methods, high-sensitivity can be achieved even though the external field is much smaller than the Schwinger critical field and may be realizable in contemporary experimental conditions. The methods are based on the ...
The quantum electrodynamical (QED) short wavelength correction on plasma wave propagation for a nonrelativistic quantum plasma is investigated. A general dispersion relation for a thermal multicomponent quantum plasma is derived. It is found that the classical dispersion relation for any wave mode can be modified to include quantum and short wavelength QED ...
Energy Citations Database
Positronium is an ideal system for the research of the QED. The hyperfine splitting of positronium is sensitive to the higher order correction of the QED and to the new physics beyond the Standard Model via a vacuum oscillation. The new method of QED calculations has revealed the 3.5? discrepancy between the ...
Vacuum polarization in QED in a background gravitational field induces interactions which effectively modify the classical picture of light rays, as the null geodesics of spacetime. These interactions violate the strong equivalence principle and affect the propagation of light leading to superluminal photon velocities. Taking into ...
We consider one-loop radiative corrections from Lorentz- and CPT-violating extended QED to address the specific problem of finding explicitly an effective action describing the amplitude of photon triple splitting. We show that it is not possible to find a nonzero photon triple splitting effective action, at least by using the ...
We study the influence of a vacuum instability on the effective energy-momentum tensor (EMT) of QED, in the presence of a quasi-constant external electric field, by means of the relevant Green functions. In the case when the initial vacuum, |0, inrang, differs essentially from the final vacuum, ...
In vacuum high-intensity lasers can cause photon-photon interaction via the process of virtual vacuum polarization which may be measured by the phase velocity shift of photons across intense fields. In the optical frequency domain, the photon-photon interaction is polarization-mediated described by the Euler-Heisenberg effective ...
Techniques in QED (quantum electrodynamics) have been developed previously allowing one to treat electron-photon and photon-photon interactions exactly in the magnetized vacuum and allowing one to include the effects of a medium. These techniques are extended to include particle-particle interactions. Exact cross-sections for ...
The response of the QED vacuum in an asymptotically large electromagnetic field is studied. In this regime the vacuum energy is strongly influenced by the vacuum polarization effect. The possible interaction between the virtual electromagnetic radiation and a superstrong magnetic field suggests ...
We show that in the presence of a slowly rotating strong transverse magnetic field there is an infinite spectrum of harmonic wave functions An due to the first order QED correction (in alpha2) given by the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian. The frequency shifts are integer multiples +/- omega(0)n of the magnetic field angular frequency rotation omega(0)=2pinu(m), and the several ...
PubMed
We show that in the presence of a slowly rotating strong transverse magnetic field there is an infinite spectrum of harmonic wave functions A{sub n} due to the first order QED correction (in {alpha}{sup 2}) given by the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian. The frequency shifts are integer multiples {+-}{omega}{sub 0}n of the magnetic field angular frequency rotation {omega}{sub ...
A generating functional for expectation values is found for QED at a finite temperature with an external field which destroys the stability of the vacuum. The equations for connected Green functions and the effective action for the mean field are written out. Their representation is obtained in the form of an integral over the proper ...
We propose a new catalysis mechanism for nonperturbative vacuum electron-positron pair production, by superimposing a plane-wave x-ray probe beam with a strongly focused optical laser pulse, such as is planned at the Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI) facility. We compute the absorption coefficient arising from vacuum polarization ...
We show that QED nonlinear effects imply a phase correction to the linear evolution of electromagnetic waves in vacuum. We provide explicit solutions of the modified Maxwell equations for the propagation of a superposition of two plane waves and calculate analytically and numerically the corresponding phase shift. This provides a new ...
The concept of over-critical fields, i.e. fields in which spontaneous, energy-less electron-positron pair creation may occur, is discussed. It is shown that only a charged vacuum can be a stable ground state of the overcritical field. The time-dependent treatment confirms previous results for the cross sections for the autoionizing positrons. The questions in ...
The quantum properties of electromagnetic, mechanical or other harmonic oscillators can be revealed by investigating their strong coherent coupling to a single quantum two level system in an approach known as cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). At temperatures much lower than the characteristic energy level spacing the observation of vacuum Rabi ...
We investigate the quantum electrodynamic (QED) properties of an atomic electron close to the focus of a spherical mirror. We first show that the spontaneous emission and excited-state level shift of the atom can be fully suppressed with mirror-atom distances of many wavelengths. A three-dimensional theory predicts that the spectral density of vacuum ...
Vacuum polarization in QED in a background gravitational field induces interactions which effectively modify the classical picture of light rays as the null geodesies of spacetime. After a short introduction on the main aspects of the quantum gravitational optics, as a nontrivial example, we study this effect in ...
Relativistic cross sections for electron-impact ionization including quantum electrodynamic effects are studied for hydrogenlike ions in the two-potential formalism. Results are compared with other theoretical calculations and experimental data. Effects of the transverse-photon interaction as well as vacuum polarization potential ...
The Coulomb problem for vector bosons W{sup {+-}} incorporates a well-known difficulty; the charge of the boson localized in a close vicinity of the attractive Coulomb center proves to be infinite. The paradox is shown to be resolved by the QED vacuum polarization, which brings in a strong effective repulsion that eradicates the ...
Comment on J. Tito Mendon�a, J. Dias de Deus, and P Castelo Ferreira, [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 100403 (2006)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.97.100403].
This report on work done by the principal investigators and their collaborators on: non-scaling phenomena in very high-energy, low p/sub t/ physics; probe of QED vacuum polarization via the Moessbauer effect; computer graphic representations of topologica...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
ABSTRACT (prepared by CSR)The radiative correction to the Casimir force which exists between two neutral metallic plates is calculated. The vacuum loops of the energy-momentum tensor are calculated in a new formula tion of QED. Boundary conditions in the covariant gauge are used. An estimate of the radiative correction to the Casimir force ..delta..F/F/sub ...
Details of the new measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, carried out at CERN, are presented and followed by a survey of other recent high precision tests of quantum electrodynamics. It is shown that the further refinement of experimental technique and theoretical calculation has left QED intact and in particular that the weight of evidence stands ...
We searched for light scalars/pseudoscalars (e.g., axions) that couple to two photons using three different techniques: (1) Optical rotation, where a polarized laser beam enters a dipole magnetic field region. The production of scalars/pseudoscalars has an effect the rotation of the polarization which is detected by an analyzer system giving a limit [ital g][sub ...
QCD vacuum properties and the structure of color fields in hadrons are reviewed using the complete set of gauge-invariant gluon field correlators. QCD confinement is produced by correlators with a certain Lorentz structure, which violate the Abelian Bianchi identities and are therefore absent in QED. These correlators are used to define an ...
The dimensional regularization is applied to three-loop vacuum graphs in massless QED to evaluate temperature dependent ultraviolet divergences and infrared divergences. They are both shown to be absent due to cancellations among themselves.
The vacuum persistence can be written as the Bose-Einstein distribution in spinor QED and as the Fermi-Dirac distribution in scalar QED exactly in a constant electric field and approximately in time-dependent electric fields. The inverse temperature is determined by the period of charged particle in the Euclidean time and the negative ...
We study the main properties of the one-loop vacuum polarization function (???) for massless spinor QED4 in a slab, namely, with fields defined on M?R3+1, such that M={(x0,�,x3)|0?x3??}, and baglike boundary conditions on the boundary. We evaluate the induced charge density and current due to an external constant electric field normal to the boundary; we ...
The field of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), traditionally studied in atomic systems, has gained new momentum by recent reports of quantum optical experiments with solid-state semiconducting and superconducting systems. In cavity QED, the observation of the vacuum Rabi mode splitting is used to investigate the nature of ...
In nonlinear electrodynamics, by implementing the causality principle as the requirement that the group velocity of elementary excitations over a background field should not exceed the speed of light in the vacuum c=1, and the unitarity principle as the requirement that the residue of the propagator should be nonnegative, we establish the positive convexity of the ...
Many-body physics is traditionally concerned with systems of interacting massive particles. Recent studies of effective interactions between photons, induced in the circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED) architecture by coupling the microwave field to superconducting qubits, have paved the way for photon-based many-body physics. We derive the magnitude and ...
We investigate the equilibrium behavior of a superconducting circuit QED system containing a large number of artificial atoms. It is shown that the currently accepted standard description of circuit QED via an effective model fails in an important aspect: it predicts the possibility of a superradiant phase transition, even though a ...
The Casimir effect is usually interpreted as arising from the modification of the zero point energy of QED when two perfectly conducting plates are put very close to each other, and as a proof of the "reality" of this zero point energy. The Dark Energy, necessary to explain the acceleration of the expansion of the Universe is sometimes viewed as another ...
We discuss the consequences of the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect in setups involving several charged particles, wherein none of the charged particles encloses a closed loop around the magnetic flux. We show that in such setups, the AB phase is encoded either in the relative phase of a bipartite or multipartite entangled photons states, or alternatively, gives rise to an overall AB ...
Recent results on the vacuum polarization induced by a thin string of magnetic flux lead us to suggest an analogue of the Copenhagen flux spaghetti'' QCD vacuum as a possible mechanism for avoiding the divergence of perturbative QED, thus permitting a consistent completion of the full, nonperturbative theory. The ...
Using an extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model as a low-energy effective model of QCD, we show that the vacuum in a strong external magnetic field (stronger than 10(16)???T) experiences a spontaneous phase transition to an electromagnetically superconducting state. The unexpected superconductivity of, basically, empty space is induced by emergence of ...
Using an extended Nambu�Jona-Lasinio model as a low-energy effective model of QCD, we show that the vacuum in a strong external magnetic field (stronger than 1016T) experiences a spontaneous phase transition to an electromagnetically superconducting state. The unexpected superconductivity of, basically, empty space is induced by emergence of ...
-6639. (Collaborators: Carl Carlson [William+Mary], Carmen Molina{Par#16;s [Los Alamos], Juan P#19;erez{Mercader [LAEFF
E-print Network
Several years ago Schwinger proposed a physical mechanism for sonoluminescence in terms of changes in the properties of the quantum-electrodynamic vacuum state during collapse of the bubble. This mechanism is most often phrased in terms of changes in the Casimir energy (i.e., changes in the distribution of zero-point energies) and has recently been the subject of considerable ...
Electron-positron pair creation in a standing wave is explored using a parameter-free quantum kinetic equation. Field strengths and frequencies corresponding to modern optical lasers induce a material polarization of the QED vacuum, which may be characterized as a plasma of e{sup +}e{sup -} quasiparticle pairs with a density of {approx}10{sup 20} cm{sup ...
We calculate the radiation resulting from the Unruh effect for strongly accelerated electrons and show that the photons are created in pairs whose polarizations are perfectly correlated. Apart from the photon statistics, this quantum radiation can further be discriminated from the classical (Larmor) radiation via the different spectral and angular distributions. The signatures ...
We illustrate how to apply modern effective field-theory techniques and dimensional regularization to factorize the various scales, which appear in QED bound states at finite temperature. We focus here on the muonic hydrogen atom. Vacuum polarization effects make the physics of this atom at finite temperature very ...
We propose a feasible experiment to investigate quantum effects in geometric phases, arising when a classical source drives not a single quantum system, but two interacting ones. In particular, we show how to observe a signature of the quantization of the electromagnetic field through a vacuum effect in Berry's phase. To do ...
Using dispersion relations, we derive the complete virtual QED contributions to Bhabha scattering due to vacuum polarization effects. We apply our result to hadronic corrections and to heavy lepton and top quark loop insertions. We give the first complete estimate of their net numerical effects for both small and ...
High intense electromagnetic fields can be unique probes to study natures of macroscopic vacua by themselves. Combining accelerators with the intense field can provide more fruitful probes which can neither be achieved by only intense fields nor only high energy accelerators. We will overview the natures of vacua which can be accessible via intense laser-laser and intense laser-electron ...
The recent developments of high intensity ultrashort laser pulses have raised the hopes of observing Schwinger vacuum pair production which is one of the important nonperturbative phenomena in QED. The quantitative analysis of realistic high intensity laser pulses is vital for understanding the effect of the field parameters on the ...
We present simple new approximate formulas, for both scalar and spinor QED, for the number of particles produced from vacuum by a time-dependent electric field, incorporating the interference effects that arise from an arbitrary number of distinct semiclassical turning points. Such interference effects are ...
We report on work done by the principal investigators (Y. N. Srivastava and M. T. Vaughn) and their collaborators on non-scaling phenomena in very high energy, low p(sub t) physics, signatures for excited leptons and quarks, vacuum polarization effects in QED and in the standard model for macroscopic systems, anomalous decays of the ...
Constraints on possible Lorentz symmetry violation (LV) of order E/M(Planck) for electrons and photons in the framework of effective field theory (EFT) are discussed. Using (i) the report of polarized MeV emission from GRB021206 and (ii) the absence of vacuum Cerenkov radiation from synchrotron electrons in the Crab Nebula, we improve previous bounds by ...
We investigate the entanglement dynamics of two two-level atoms interacting with two vacuum fields of two spatially separated cavities with the Stark effects by employing the concurrence. It is shown that the entanglement sudden death (ESD) and birth (ESB) could be controlled by adjusting the Stark-shift parameters. If the Stark-shift parameters are chosen ...
This report is made of two largely independent parts. The first one deals with a finite temperature generalization of a mean field theory which we already used for a study of the QED vacuum stability against the 2-body coulomb interaction. We show that te...
Photons can mix with low-mass bosons in the presence of external electromagnetic fields if these particles: not necessarily of spin 1: couple by a two-photon vertex. Important examples are the hypothetical axion (spin 0) and graviton (spin 2). We develop a formalism which is adapted to study the evolution of a photon (axion, graviton) beam in the presence of external fields. We apply our results ...
We study the main properties of the one-loop vacuum polarization function ({Pi}{sub {mu}{nu}}) for massless spinor QED{sub 4} in a slab, namely, with fields defined on M subset of R{sup 3+1}, such that M={l_brace}(x{sub 0},...,x{sub 3})|0{<=}x{sub 3{<=}{epsilon}{r_brace}}, and baglike boundary conditions on the boundary. We evaluate the ...
Measurements of the radiative properties of cold {sup 87}Rb atoms close to a dielectric/vacuum interface are reported. This is the first observation of a quantum-electrodynamic (QED) modification of radiative properties in vacuum near a dielectric surface. Evanescent wave (EW) spectroscopy on cold atoms that were dropped on a glass ...
Strong-field effects in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas and high intensity laser and cavity systems are considered, related to quantum electrodynamical (QED) photon-photon scattering. Current state-of-the-art laser facilities are close to reaching energy scales at which laboratory astrophysics will become possible. In such high energy density ...
We obtain expressions for the fermion density and the QED effective Lagrangian for an external magnetic field at finite chemical potential. The effective Lagrangian and the density are here written in terms of elementary functions, summed over a finite number of filled Landau levels.
We investigate effective Yukawa couplings of mesons to the elementary fermions in noncompact lattice QED. The couplings are extracted from suitable fermion-antifermion-meson three-point functions calculated by Monte Carlo simulations with dynamical stagge...
The charged lepton spectrum in semileptonic decays of top particles is calculated including the effects of multiple QCD and QED radiations, treated in the leading logarithm approximation. A comparison with QCD O(? S ) results is made. Nonperturbative effects associated with the hadronization of the decay partons are also discussed. The ...
Solid-state cavity quantum-electrodynamics (QED) has great potential owing to advances such as coupled systems combining a nanocavity and a quantum dot (QD). These systems involve two photon-emission mechanisms: the Purcell effect in the weak coupling regime and vacuum Rabi-splitting in the strong coupling regime. In this paper, we ...
The authors calculate to first order in {alpha}, finite temperature and density (FTD) corrections to vacuum polarization in the framework of QED. The limiting values of the vacuum polarization tensor when the temperature of the heat bath T is sufficiently high are subject to physical interpretation and compared to the previously ...
The effect of short wavelength quantum electrodynamic (QED) correction on plasma-wave propagation is investigated. The effect on plasma oscillations and on electromagnetic waves in an unmagnetized as well as a magnetized plasma is investigated. The effects of the short wavelength QED ...
The Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) at LLNL has been used to study relativistic and QED effects in very highly charged ions. Experiments to observe these effects include high-accuracy wavelength measurements, electron-ion interaction cross-section measurements, and observations of two-photon decays. Examples of such results will be ...
The QED contributions to the energy intervals 3s1/2-3p1/2, 3p1/2-3p3/2, and 3s1/2-3p3/2 in highly charged Na-like ions were determined by comparing the transition energies derived from the observations with the relativistic many-body perturbation-theory calculations of Johnson, Blundell, and Sapirstein [Phys. Rev. A 38, 2699 (1988)] that do not include QED ...
Bhabha scattering at a center-of-mass energy of 57.77 GeV has been measured using the VENUS detector at KEK TRISTAN. The precision is better than 1% in scattering angle regions of \\|cos?\\|<=0.743 and 0.822<=cos?<=0.968. A model-independent scattering-angle distribution is extracted from the measurement. The distribution is in good agreement with the prediction of the standard ...
A particle counter-propagating in strong laser field may experience QED strong field, as long as the energy associated with its motion is sufficiently high. An electric field may be considered to be QED-strong if it exceeds the Schwinger limit: E>m^2c^3/eh. Counter-propagating electrons can be generated in the course of strong laser pulse interaction ...
This book contains papers on new trends in strong coupling gauge theories. Topics covered include: Effective theory of strong coupling QED; A new expansion for quantum field theory; and Tricritical point in compact QED.
We consider the partition functions of QCD and QED at high temperature assuming small coupling constants, and present arguments in favor of an improved perturbative expansion in terms of unstable excitations. Our effective propagators are derived from spe...
We use the theory of continuous measurement to analyze the effects of decoherence on a realistic model of a quantum computer based on cavity QED. We show how decoherence affects the computation, and methods to prevent it.
We construct QED{sub 2} with mass and flavor and an extra Thirring term. The vacuum expectation values are carefully decomposed into clustering states using the U(1)-axial symmetry of the considered operators and a limiting procedure. The properties of the emerging expectation functional are compared to the proposed {theta}-vacuum of ...
The Colorado State Collaboration has studied the feasibility of a high sensitivity QED birefringence/axion search measurement. The objective of this work is to measure, for the first time, the birefringence induced in the vacuum on a light beam travelling in a powerful magnetic field. The same experimental setup also allows a highly sensitive search for ...
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The Colorado State Collaboration has studied the feasibility of a high sensitivity Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) birefringence/axion search measurement. The objective of this work is to measure, for the first time, the birefringence induced in the vacuum on a light beam travelling in a powerful magnetic field. The same experimental setup also allows a ...
A brief review of the status of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, (g-2){sub {mu}}, and the running of the electromagnetic coupling, {alpha}{sub QED}(q{sup 2}), is given. The discrepancy between the Standard Model prediction of g-2 and the measurement from BNL is discussed. The prospects for further improvements in the determination of the vacuum ...
A brief review of the status of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, (g-2)?, and the running of the electromagnetic coupling, ?QED(q2), is given. The discrepancy between the Standard Model prediction of g-2 and the measurement from BNL is discussed. The prospects for further improvements in the determination of the vacuum polarisation contributions ...
We use the evolution operator method to find the Schwinger pair-production rate at finite temperature in scalar and spinor QED by counting the vacuum production, the induced production, and the stimulated annihilation from the initial ensemble. It is shown that the pair-production rate for each state is factorized into the mean number at zero temperature ...
The authors evaluate the vacuum polarization tensor for three-dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED{sub 3}) via Heisenberg equations of motion in order to clarify the problem arising from the use of different regularization prescriptions in the interaction picture. They conclude that the photon does acquire physical mass of topological origin when such ...
QED with massless fermions on a circle (0less than or equal toxvacuum.
Vacuum expectation values of products of local bilinears {bar {psi}}{psi} are computed in massless two-dimensional QED at finite density. It is shown that chiral condensates exhibit an oscillatory inhomogeneous behavior depending on the chemical potential. The use of a path integral approach clarifies the connection of this phenomenon with the topological ...
Nonrelativistic second-order corrections to the wave function at the origin in muonic and exotic atoms are considered. The corrections are due to the electronic vacuum polarization. Such corrections are of interest due to various effective approaches, which take into account QED and hadronic effects. The wave ...
Many-particle QED is applied to kinetic theory of radiative processes in many-component plasmas with relativistic electrons and non-relativistic heavy particles. Within the framework of non-equilibrium Green's function technique, transport and mass-shell equations for fluctuations of the electromagnetic field are obtained. We show that the transverse field correlation ...
The emission from an electron in the field of a relativistically strong laser pulse is analyzed. At pulse intensities of J>or=2x10(22) W/cm(2) the emission from counterpropagating electrons is modified by the effects of quantum electrodynamics (QED), as long as the electron energy is sufficiently high: E>or=1 GeV . The radiation force experienced by ...
The emission from an electron in the field of a relativistically strong laser pulse is analyzed. At pulse intensities of J?2�1022W/cm2 the emission from counterpropagating electrons is modified by the effects of quantum electrodynamics (QED), as long as the electron energy is sufficiently high: E?1GeV . The radiation force experienced by an electron is ...
In this paper, we show that there is a Non-Commutative Plane (NCP) in the perpendicular magnetic fields in the accelerator, and the QED with NCP (QED-NCP) has been formulated. Being similar to the theory of quantum Hall effects, an effective filling factor f(B) is introduced, which characters the possibility ...
We review the pattern of symmetry breaking recently suggested for strongly coupled QED and point out that it is quite similar to that generally accepted as operative in the case of QCD. We suggest, therefore, that we can describe ''hadronlike'' objects in QED using methods developed for QCD. This discussion may be used ...
The first-order QED corrections for valence electron are investigated for the neutral Ag, Rg and their neighbours of the Mendeleev Periodic Table within the framework of the Dirac-Hartree-Fock method. The including of SE effects in such procedure was done first for superheavy atoms. The obtained results provide the limit of the accuracy for the modern ...
The shielding of the nuclear magnetic moment by the bound electron in hydrogenlike ions is calculated ab�initio with inclusion of relativistic, nuclear, and quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects. The QED correction is evaluated to all orders in the nuclear binding strength parameter and, independently, to the first order in the ...
The shielding of the nuclear magnetic moment by the bound electron in hydrogenlike ions is calculated ab initio with inclusion of relativistic, nuclear, and quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects. The QED correction is evaluated to all orders in the nuclear binding strength parameter and, independently, to the first order in the ...
QED is a fundamental microscopic theory satisfying all the conservation laws and discrete symmetries C, P, T. Yet, dissipative phenomena, organization, and self-organization occur even at this basic microscopic two-body level. How these processes come about and how they are described in QED is discussed. A possible new phase of QED due ...
In this work the authors apply the self-consistency method for determining critical exponents to a model with a four fermi interaction coupled to QED and compute various gauge independent exponents in arbitrary dimensions in the large N expansion at 0(l/N). The formalism is developed to include a Chern Simons term in three dimensions and the effect such a ...
The standard Big Bang universe model is mainly based on linear interactions, except during exotic periods such as inflation. The purpose of the present proposal is to explore the effects, if any, of vacuum polarization in the very high energy density environment of the early universe. These conditions can be found today in astrophysical settings and may ...
Corrections of the {alpha}{sup 5} and {alpha}{sup 6} orders to the energy spectrum of the hyperfine splitting of the 1S and 2S levels of the muonic helium ion are calculated with the inclusion of the electron vacuum polarization effects, nuclear-structure corrections, and recoil effects. The values {delta}E{sup hfs}(1S) = -1334.56 meV ...
During beam crossing at a Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider the peripheral electromagnetic field between the fully stripped ions in colliding bunches is sufficiently intense to induce copious particle production. In this manuscript the production of free pair e{sup +},e{sup {minus}} leptons and bound-electron plus free e{sup +} particles are addressed in detail. In particular, both perturbative and ...
We suggest that electron and positron peaks seen in large-Z-italic heavy-ion collisions originate in the decay of nontopological solitons consisting of a quasielectron and quasipositron which are formed in a new vacuum phase.
review briefly how and why our attention was drawn to the non�Abelian gauge theory in describing strong to the dielectric constant of the vacuum in QED is the inverse of the renormalization constant of the color gauge is a consequence of an unbroken non�Abelian gauge symmetry and the resulting asymptotic freedom inherent in quantum
In cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), the interaction between an atomic transition and the cavity field is measured by the vacuum Rabi frequency ?(0). The analogous term 'circuit QED' has been introduced for Josephson junctions, because superconducting circuits behave as artificial atoms coupled to the bosonic field of a resonator. ...
The QED contribution to the energies of the circular (n,l=n-1), 2{<=}n{<=}13, transitions have been calculated for several kaonic atoms throughout the periodic table, using the current world-average kaon mass. Calculations were done in the framework of the Klein-Gordon equation, with finite nuclear size, finite particle size, and all-order Uelhing ...
] Carlson C E, Molina�Par s C, P erez�Mercader J and Visser M 1997 Phys. Lett. B 395 76--82 (Carlson C E, Molina�Par s C, P erez�Mercader J and Visser M 1996 Preprint hep�th/9609195) [17] Carlson C E, Molina�Par s C, P erez�Mercader J and Visser M 1997 Phys. Rev. D 56 1262 (Carlson C E, Molina�Par s C, P
Using relativistic Green's-function techniques we examined single-electron excitations from the occupied Dirac sea in the presence of strong external fields. The energies of these excited states are determined taking into account the electron-electron interaction. We also evaluate relativistic transition strengths incorporating retardation, which represents a direct measure of correlation ...
We investigate theoretically the quantum vacuum properties of a chain of N superconducting Josephson atoms inductively coupled to a transmission line resonator. We derive the quantum field Hamiltonian for such a circuit QED system, showing that, due to the type and strength of the interaction, a quantum phase transition can occur with a twice degenerate ...
Radiative corrections to the Casimir force between two parallel plates are considered in both scalar field theory of one massless and one massive field and in QED. Full calculations are contrasted with calculations based on employing 'boundary-free' effective field theories. The difference between two previous results on ...
Radiative corrections to the Casimir force between two parallel plates are considered in both scalar field theory of one massless and one massive field and in QED. Full calculations are contrasted with calculations based on employing ''boundary-free'' effective field theories. The difference between two previous results ...
We present a low-energy Lagrangian of planar QED written in terms of the local field {ital V}({ital x}), which is the order-parameter field for the Higgs-Coulomb phase transition. In this theory, the electric charge is topological and is quantized on the {ital classical} {ital level}.$---- The relevant homotopy group is {Pi}{sub 1}({ital scrM})={ital scrZ}, where {ital ...
The problem of how to define vacuum or particle states in curved space quantum field theory is reviewed and a criterion for selecting the physical ''vacuum'' state is advanced. The properties of quantum field theory for accelerated observers are examined. The particle detector and canonical quantization approaches are ...
The effects of light propagation in constant magnetic and electric backgrounds are considered in the framework of the effective action approach. We use the exact analytic series representation for the one-loop effective action of QED and apply it to the birefringence effect. Analytical results ...
The wavelengths of the 2S1/2-2P1/2,3/2 transitions for five Z=24 to 34 lithiumlike ions have been measured with an accuracy of about 50 ppm. These results can be combined with a recent multibody perturbation calculation to determine the remaining QED effects in these three electron ions with an uncertainty of about 0.2-0.6%. The observed ...
The wavelengths of the 2{ital S}{sub 1/2}-2{ital P}{sub 1/2,3/2} transitions for five {ital Z}=24 to 34 lithiumlike ions have been measured with an accuracy of about 50 ppm. These results can be combined with a recent multibody perturbation calculation to determine the remaining QED effects in these three electron ions with an uncertainty of about ...
The generation and control of quantum states of light constitute fundamental tasks in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). The superconducting realization of cavity QED, circuit QED (refs 11, 12, 13, 14), enables on-chip microwave photonics, where superconducting qubits control and measure individual photon states. A long-standing ...
... 28 In this example, the iterated consensus stage has no effect, leaving the terms of F as the set of implicants to be tested. ... r01lr), F - (u)) ill fase. QED ...
DTIC Science & Technology
... Title : High Resolution Optical Spectroscopy of Single Quantum Dots and Cavity-QED Effects and Lasing in Quantum Dot Microdisk Resonator ...
As a guide for planning experiments at PEP, some estimates are given of average luminosity, charged and neutral particle yields vs. momentum, QED test capabilities, and weak interaction effects. 2 figs.
We suggest that the solution to the cosmological vacuum energy puzzle is linked to the infrared sector of the effective theory of gravity interacting with standard model fields. We propose a specific solvable two dimensional model where our proposal can be explicitly tested. We analyze the 2d Schwinger model on a 2-torus and in curved 2d space, mostly ...
In some recent papers it is claimed that the physical signi cance of the vacuum angle theta for QCD-like theories depends on the chosen gauge condition. We criticise the arguments that were given in support of this claim, and show by explicit construction for the case of QED 2 that and why they fail, con rming thereby the commonly accepted point of view.
A panoramic view is given of the applications of QFT to diverse areas of physics, beginning with the concepts of QED Vacuum as well as of electron self-energy and renormalization. The related concepts of the degenerate vacuum, spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB)and Nambu-Goldstone bosons, together with their applications to condensed ...
A maximum value for the magnetic field is determined, which provides the full compensation of the positronium rest mass by the binding energy in the maximum symmetry state and disappearance of the energy gap separating the electron-positron system from the vacuum. The compensation becomes possible owing to the falling to the center phenomenon. The maximum magnetic field may be ...
energy- momentum tensor (EMT) of QED, in the presence of a quasiconstant external electric #12;eld, by means vacuum, j0; out >, we #12;nd explicitly and compared both the vacuum average value of EMT, of the special divergences connected with in#12;nite time T of acting of the constant electric #12;eld. The EMT of pair
accelerates the proton runaway, by gaining the zero-point energy from the vacuum (#24; 10 5 eV/cm). This e#11;ect with 2P 1 2 . This implies that QED vacuum e#11;ects drain the zero- point energy to a hydrogen atom. We pairs are entirely random in the spacetime. This determines the maximum value of the zero-point energy
... Accession Number : AD0016085. Title : VACUUM FLUCTUATION EFFECTS IN CIRCUITS AND ELECTRON STREAMS. ...
... Title : The combined effects of ultraviolet radiation and vacuum on the tensile yield properties of polymethylmethacrylate. ...
... Title : THE EFFECT OF HIGH VACUUM ON THE CREEP PROPERTIES OF A HIGH STRENGTH NICKEL ALLOY SINGLE CRYSTAL. ...
... Title : Investigation of Combined Effects of Radiation and Vacuum and of Radiation and Cryotemperatures on Engineering Materials. ...
... Title : EFFECTS OF VACUUM ... ANODIZED ALUMINUM TEMPERATURE CONTROL ... SPACECRAFT, DEGRADATION, ABSORPTION, EMISSIVITY ...
... Title : EFFECTS OF VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET ENVIRONMENT OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF BRIGHT ANODIZED ALUMINUM. ...
... Title : EFFECT OF VACUUM AND ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ON POLYMERIC MATERIALS. AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY. ...
... Title : EFFECT OF ULTRAHIGH VACUUM ON VIABILITY OF MICROORGANISMS. Corporate Author : ARMY BIOLOGICAL LABS ...
... Title : EFFECT OF RESIDUAL VACUUM ON THE FUEL INJECTION PROCESS IN THE DIESEL ENGINE FUEL SYSTEM,. ...
We propose two experimental schemes to generate the cluster states in the context of microwave cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). In the first scheme to prepare many cavities into the cluster states, we encode the vacuum state and one-photon state of the microwave cavity as the logic zero and one of the qubits. The second scheme is to prepare many atoms ...
We propose a scheme to implement the 1?2 universal quantum cloning machine of Buzek and Hillery [Phys. Rev. A 54, 1844 (1996)] in the context of cavity QED. The scheme requires cavity-assisted collision processes between atoms, which cross through nonresonant cavity fields in the vacuum states. The cavity fields are only virtually excited to face the ...
We have updated our evaluation of the hadronic contribution to the running of the QED fine structure constant using the recent precise measurements of the e+e- annihilation at the center-of-mass (c.m.s.) energy region between 2.6 and 3.65 GeV performed by the BES collaboration. In the low-energy region, around the ? resonance, we include the recent measurements from the BABAR, ...
Quantum Electrodynamics of Strong Fields provides a broad survey of the theoretical and experimental work accomplished, presenting papers by a group of international researchers who have made significant contributions to this developing area. Exploring the quantum theory of strong fields, the volume focuses on the phase transition to a charged vacuum in strong electric fields. ...
The results of a quantum-electrodynamical theory of excess spontaneous emission noise in lossy resonators will be presented. The Petermann K factor'' does not enter into the spontaneous emission rate of a single atom in the cavity. The QED theory allows different interpretations of the K factor, and we use this fact to justify semiclassical analyses and to ...
The vacuum polarization has been calculated in the framework of QED obtaining the dynamically generated photon mass. This screened mass gives corrections to the electron charge renormalization, electric permittivity, and magnetic permeability up to the first order in {alpha} in the classical limit. As an illustration of this procedure the Higgs-scalar ...
The line-profile approach is applied to the evaluation of the electron recombination on highly charged ions within the framework of QED. Both dielectronic recombination and radiative recombination processes are considered. The interelectron interaction is taken into account partly to all orders of the QED perturbation theory. The radiative corrections to ...
The radiative correction as a commonly used methods of a comparison of the effects with different scales is known, for example, as Schwinger QED correction ?/2? =1.15910-3. It was found that the ratio between known Standard Model parameters m?/MZ=1.159 10-3 coincides with QED correction, while the lepton ratio m?/me=206.77 becomes ...
... Title : IMPURITIES IN A VACUUM. ... Abstract : The effect and cause of impurities are of great concern to high ultra-high vacuum researchers. ...
A large body of work to calculate nonrelativistic energies, relativistic corrections, and quantum electrodynamic (QED) energy shifts in helium is reviewed and compared with experiment. Of particular significance are measurements of the QED (Lamb) shift for the low-lying S-states of helium, where the accuracy rivals the best measurements in the ...
In this article we study the electrical conductivity in QED using the resummed 3PI effective action. We work to 3-loop order in the effective action. We show that the resulting expression for the conductivity is explicitly gauge invariant, and that the integral equations that resum the pinching and colinear contributions are produced ...
We discuss a twofold extension of QED assuming the presence of strong external fields provided by an ultraintense laser and noncommutativity of spacetime. While noncommutative effects leave the electron's intensity induced mass shift unchanged, photons change significantly in character: they acquire a quasimomentum that is no longer lightlike. We ...
Some field theoretical aspects, such as the effective action and Schwinger pair production, are critically reviewed in strong QED. The difference of the boundary conditions on the solutions of the field equation is discussed to result in the effective action both in the Coulomb and time-dependent gauge. Finally, the apparent ...
The renormalization method of Bogoljubov-Parasiuk-Hepp-Zimmermann (BPHZ) is used in order to derive the renormalized energy shift due to the gauge invariant K�ll�n-Sabry diagram of the two-photon vacuum polarization (VPVP) as well as the self energy vacuum polarization S(VP)E beyond the Uehling approximation. It is outlined, that no outer ...
In order to gain a profound insight into the fundamental properties of quantum electrodynamics (QED), studying the zero-point fluctuations of microwave radiation represents an important task. Here, we present a full experimental characterization of the vacuum fluctuations by measuring the Planck distribution of its noise power at microwave frequencies and ...
We investigate the behavior of a circuit QED device when the resonator is initially populated with a mesoscopic coherent field. The strong coupling between the cavity and the qubit produces an entangled state involving mesoscopic quasi-pointer states with respect to cavity dissipation. The overlap of the associated field components results in collapses and revivals for the ...
Experiment 683 at Fermilab`s Wide Band Photon Lab is attempting to observe four fundamental hard scattering processes for photon-proton/nucleon interactions with photons of energy 100-350 GeV. The four processes include, Photon-Gluon Fusion, QCD Compton, Higher Twist, and QED Compton. Of the four processes QED Compton has the lowest cross-section. E683`s ...
The authors consider QED in S{sup 1} {times} S{sup 2} spacetime. They show that there exists a kink-like soliton. This soliton does not exist in the classical theory, but arises through competing quantum and classical effects. The authors also provide a calculation which supports the use of the effective potential in obtaining the ...
This project was initiated to study quantum electrodynamic effects (QED) on the interaction between quantum dots and the electromagnetic field. Investigations of quantized matter-field interactions involving self-assembled quantum dots required an advance...
We perform the matching required to compute the leading effective boundary contribution to the QED Lagrangian in the presence of a conducting surface, once the electron is integrated out. Our result resolves a confusion in the literature concerning the interpretation of the leading such correction to the Casimir energy. It also provides a useful ...
It is shown that in nonperturbative massless QED an anomalous magnetic moment is dynamically induced by an applied magnetic field. The induced magnetic moment produces a Zeeman splitting for electrons in Landau levels higher than l=0. The expressions for the nonperturbative Lande g factor and Bohr magneton are obtained. Possible applications of this effect ...
This report contains papers on the following topics in Atomic Physics: cooled and trapped atoms and ions; one atom masers, cavity QED, and interference effects; casimir effect and related topics; collisions; precision spectroscopy; parity and symmetry studies; tests of QED; and the theory of atomic structure, ...
In the preceding paper we investigated several variations of Schwinger's proposed mechanism for sonoluminescence. We demonstrated that any realistic version of Schwinger's mechanism must depend on extremely rapid (femtosecond) changes in refractive index, and discussed ways in which this might be physically plausible. To keep that discussion tractable, the technical computations ...
As was discovered recently, the 5-loop perturbative quenched QED approximation to the QED ?-function consist from the rational term and the term proportional to ?(3)-function. It is stressed, that this feature is also manifesting itself in the conformal invariant pqQED series for the 4-loop approximation to the anomalous mass ...
The problem of the chiral symmetry breaking in QED3 is considered by solving the Schwinger-Dyson equation for the fermion propagator in the ladder approximation using the Landau gauge for the photon propagator. Within the framework of the indicated approximation, different simplifications that allow expressions for the fermion mass function to be retrieved in an explicit form ...
... AND PROCESSING CONDITIONS ON INTERFACIAL MICROSTRUCTURES IN VACUUM PLASMA SPRAYED AND VACUUM HOT PRESSED TI ...
... The effect of UV radiation on the ... with an increase in the radiation dose. ... PLASTICS, DEGRADATION), ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION, VACUUM, FILMS ...
The ultra-high fields of high-power short-pulse lasers are expected to contribute to understanding fundamental properties of the quantum vacuum and quantum theory in very strong fields. For example, the neutral QED vacuum breaks down at the Schwinger field strength of 1.3�1018 V/m, where a virtual e+e- pair gains its rest mass energy ...
The prospect of new colliding-beam accelerators capable of producing collisions of highly stripped high-Z ions, at fixed-target energies per nucleon up to 20 TeV or more, has motivated much interest in lepton-pair production from the QED vacuum. The time-dependent and essentially classical electromagnetic fields involved in such collisions contain larger ...
It is shown for a class of random, time-independent, square-integrable, three-dimensional magnetic fields that the one-loop effective fermion action of four-dimensional QED increases faster than a quadratic in B in the strong coupling limit. The limit is universal. The result relies on the paramagnetism of charged spin-1/2 fermions and the diamagnetism of ...
The renormalization-group-improved potential is calculated in scalar QED interacting with conformal quantum gravity. The effects of quantum gravity on the potential are estimated. In particular, the ratio of the scalar-boson mass to the vector-boson mass is calculated. Prospects for generalizing the proposed scheme to other theories are outlined. 6 refs.
The combined QED perturbation theory formalism and relativistic nuclear mean-field theory are applied to studying the fundamental parameters of the hyperfine, electroweak, parity non-conservation (PNC) interactions in heavy atoms, nuclei. There are firstly predicted the nuclear weak charged for some atoms.
Positronium is a QCD-free system and the measurement of its hyperfine splitting provides a strict test of quantum electrodynamics (QED). Recent research revealed a discrepancy of 3.9? between the QED prediction and previous experimental results. We report on the prototype run of an improved experimental set-up and the performance of its RF system.
Supersymmetric QED in the finite volume is considered. In this problem the dynamic variables can be divided in two classes: ''slow variables'' (the zero momentum Fourier-harmonic of the electromagnetic field A/sub i//sup (o)/ and its supersymmetric counte...
We show that QED fluctuations for present metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor microcircuit devices are substantial and thus cannot be ignored. For example, the Casimir energy of a gate-region capacitor is typically (1/10) of the electrostatic energy. Measurement of their electronic transport properties is suggested as a tool to learn about ...
Based on the rainbow approximation of Dyson-Schwinger equation and the assumption that the inverse dressed fermion propagator at finite chemical potential is analytic in the neighborhood of {mu}=0, A new method for calculating the dressed fermion propagator at finite chemical potential in QED{sub 3} is developed. From this the effects of the chemical ...
Effective multimode photon echo quantum memory on multiatomic ensemble in the QED cavity is proposed. We obtain the analytical solution for the quantum memory efficiency that can be equal to unity when optimal conditions for the cavity and atomic parameters are held. Detailed analysis of the optimal conditions is performed. Numerical estimation for ...
I review the dynamical structure of strong coupled QED in the quenched planar limit. The symmetry structure of this theory is examined with reference to the nature of both chiral and scale symmetry breaking. The renormalization structure of the strong coupled phase is analysed. The compatibility of spontaneous scale and chiral symmetry breaking is studied using ...
In a solid-state circuit QED system, we demonstrate that a homodyne-current-based feedback can create and stabilize highly entangled two-qubit states in the presence of a moderate noisy environment. Particularly, we present an extended analysis for the current-based Markovian feedback, which leads to an improved feedback scheme. We show that this is essential to achieve a ...
QED in 2+1 dimensions, analyzed in the 1/N expansion, is shown to exhibit a critical behavior as the number N of fermions approaches 32/..pi../sup 2/. The dynamical mass has a universal scaling behavior at the critical point. The existence of criticality is discovered first by an analytic study of the gap equation and the effective potential. Its existence ...
We study kinetic master equations for reactions involving the formation and the natural decay of unstable particles in a thermal expanding hadronic gas in the laboratory and in the early Universe. We consider here for the first time the role of the decay channel of one (hadron resonance) into two daughter particles, and also by token of detailed balance the inverse process, fusion of two (thermal) ...
We consider the possibility that Lorentz violation can generate differences between the limiting velocities of light and charged matter. Such effects would lead to efficient vacuum Cherenkov radiation or rapid photon decay. The absence of such effects for 104.5 GeV electrons at the Large Electron Positron collider and for 300 GeV ...
Corrections of order {alpha}{sup 5} and {alpha}{sup 6} to the hyperfine structure of S- and P-wave energy levels of the muonic-helium ion are calculated. Electron-vacuum-polarization effects, corrections for the nuclear structure, and recoil effects are taken into account. The numerical values obtained for respective hyperfine ...
Corrections of order ? 5 and ? 6 to the hyperfine structure of S- and P-wave energy levels of the muonic-helium ion are calculated. Electron-vacuum-polarization effects, corrections for the nuclear structure, and recoil effects are taken into account. The numerical values obtained for respective hyperfine splitting, -1334.73 meV (1 S), ...
Constraints on possible Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) to first order in E/MPlanck for photons in the framework of effective field theory (EFT) are discussed, taking cosmological factors into account. Then, using the reported detection of polarized soft ?-ray emission from the ?-ray burst GRB041219a that is indicative of an absence of vacuum ...
... r;:> VACUUM FLUCTUATION EFFECTS IN CIRCUITS AND ELECTRON STREAMS ... these fluctuations also give rise to observable effects in electric ...
