The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use a different Census base year for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. As a result, users should use caution when making comparisons across years. Specifically, estimates of the number of people in a given location (population size) are not strictly comparable between these two years. In general, the change to more current population estimates is not expected to have a meaningful impact in the percent distributions, rates, or ratios for non-demographic characteristics for many of the largest geographic areas. The Census Bureau is currently researching the effect on these distributions. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls.
Guidance on comparing 2005-2007 ACS 3-year estimates to 2008-2010 ACS 3-year estimates
Subject Area1* | 2010 ACS 1-Year, 2008-2010 ACS 3-Year, and 2006-2010 ACS 5-Year with Census 2000 |
2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS 1-Year, 2008-2010 ACS 3-Year, and 2006-2010 ACS 5-Year with 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Age | Compare with Caution
The entire population continually ages into older age groups over time and babies fill in the youngest age group. So, the population of a certain age is made up of a completely different group of people from one time period to the next. Since populations occasionally experience booms/increases and busts/decreases in births, deaths, or migration (for example, the postwar Baby Boom from 1946-1964), one should not necessarily expect that the population in an age group in Census 2000 should be similar in size or proportion to the population in the same age group in different data year(s). For example, Baby Boomers were age 36 to 54 in Census 2000 while they were age 46 to 64 in the 2010 ACS 1-year, between ages 44 to 64 in the 2008-2010 3-year period, and between ages 42 to 64 in the 2006-2010 5-year period. So, the age group 55 to 59 would show a considerable increase in population when comparing Census 2000 data with the single year or multiyear ACS data. |
Compare with Caution
Data from the 2010 ACS were controlled to independent estimates of the population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin that were based on the 2010 Census counts. Estimates of these demographic variables may vary in size and distribution compared to prior ACS years which were based on Census 2000 population counts. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
Compare |
Sex | Compare
Beginning with the 2008 ACS questionnaire, the layout of the sex question response categories was changed to a horizontal side-by-side layout from a vertically stacked layout on the mail paper ACS questionnaire. For more information on differences in the questionnaire, see 2007 ACS Grid-Sequential Test report [PDF 2.3K]. |
Compare with Caution
Data from the 2010 ACS were controlled to independent estimates of the population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin that were based on the 2010 Census counts. Estimates of these demographic variables may vary in size and distribution compared to prior ACS years which were based on Census 2000 population counts. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
Compare |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Race | Compare with Caution
The ACS question on race was revised in 2008 to make it consistent with the Census 2010 race question. Any change, compared with Census 2000, may be due to demographic changes, questionnaire changes, differences in ACS population controls, and/or methodological differences in the population estimates. |
Compare with Caution
Data from the 2010 ACS were controlled to independent estimates of the population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin that were based on the 2010 Census counts. Estimates of these demographic variables may vary in size and distribution compared to prior ACS years which were based on Census 2000 population counts. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K].
|
Compare |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Hispanic or Latino Origin | Compare with Caution
The ACS question on Hispanic origin was revised in 2008 to make it consistent with the Census 2010 Hispanic origin question. Any change, compared with Census 2000, may be due to demographic changes, questionnaire changes, differences in ACS population controls, and/or methodological differences in the population estimates. |
Compare with Caution
Data from the 2010 ACS were controlled to independent estimates of the population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin that were based on the 2010 Census counts. Estimates of these demographic variables may vary in size and distribution compared to prior ACS years which were based on Census 2000 population counts. In addition, the 2010 ACS implemented a variety of new Hispanic origin coding changes to be consistent with the 2010 Census coding rules for Hispanic origin. These coding changes may have influenced the 2010 ACS Hispanic origin results. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
Compare |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Ancestry | Compare
Ancestry is the only item for which a "not reported" category is published since missing ancestries are never assigned or allocated. The extent of missing ancestry answers was higher in Census 2000 than in the ACS. The difference in the level of response may contribute to the difference in the two distributions. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K].
|
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Citizenship Status | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls[PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Nativity | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls[PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Year of Entry | Compare
Census 2000 represents data collected as of April 1, 2000 and thus the "2000" year of entry category accounts for the first quarter (Jan-Mar) in 2000 only. The ACS represents data collected throughout the entire year and thus the "2000" year of entry category accounts for the entire year of 2000. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls[PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Place of Birth | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Residence 1 Year Ago (Migration) | Do Not Compare
The ACS asked for residence 1 year ago whereas Census 2000 asked for residence 5 years ago. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Means of Transportation to Work | Compare
The ACS excludes taxicabs in the tabulation category of "public transportation" and includes them in the category "taxicab, motorcycle, bicycle or other means." However, Census 2000 includes taxicabs in the "public transportation" tabulation category. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Place of Work | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Private Vehicle Occupancy | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Time Leaving Home | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Travel Time to Work | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Relationship to Householder | Do Not Compare
The ACS used a joint relationship/marital status edit and Census 2000 did not. Also, Census 2000 provided more response categories because of a write-in option that was not used in the ACS. Differences in weighting schemes between the census and the ACS could produce inconsistencies in comparisons. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
Do Not Compare
The ACS used a joint relationship/marital status edit and Census 2010 did not. The ACS also has a category for foster children which is not in Census 2010. Differences in weighting schemes between the census and the ACS could produce inconsistencies in comparisons. |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Grandparents as Caregivers | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Household/Family Type | Do Not Compare
The ACS used a joint relationship/marital status edit and Census 2000 did not--these edits are used to determine categories of family types. Also, Census 2000 provided more response categories because of a write-in option that was not used in the ACS. Differences in weighting schemes between the census and the ACS could produce inconsistencies in comparisons. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
Do Not Compare
The ACS used a joint relationship/marital status edit and Census 2010 did not. The ACS also has a category for foster children which is not in Census 2010. Differences in weighting schemes between the census and the ACS could produce inconsistencies in comparisons. |
Subfamilies | Do Not Compare
Census 2000 had more detailed relationship categories than were available in the ACS to derive estimates of subfamilies. In addition, the weighting schemes that were used to produce the final estimated numbers of subfamilies were different. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Marital Status | Compare
The ACS used a joint relationship/marital status edit and Census 2000 did not. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Marital History | The question was not asked in Census 2000 | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls[PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Fertility | The question was not asked in the 2010 Census | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls[PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Type of School & School Enrollment | Compare
The ACS reference period was 3 months preceding the date of interview, while the Census 2000 reference period was any time since February 1, 2000. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls[PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Educational Attainment | Compare
The ACS has two separate categories for completing high school - "Regular high school diploma" and "GED or alternative credential". Census 2000 has only one category for completing high school - "HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE - high school diploma or equivalent (for example: GED)". As a result, users may see differences in distributions when comparing Census 2000 to ACS data from 2008 and later years. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls[PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Field of Degree | The question was not asked in Census 2000 | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K].
|
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Ability to Speak English | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls[PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Language Spoken at Home | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls[PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Poverty Status of Families and People in Families | Compare with Caution
The ACS collects data throughout the year on an on-going, monthly basis and asks for a respondent's income over the "past 12 months" Census 2000, however, collected the income data for a fixed period of time -- "during 1999" (the last calendar year). For example, the 2010 ACS 1-year data reflect incomes over 2009-2010, the 2008-20010 ACS 3-year data reflect incomes over 2007-2010, and the 2006-2010 ACS 5-year data reflect incomes over 2005-2010. In a comparison study between Census 2000 income data and the 2000 ACS, income collected in Census 2000 was found to be about 4 percent higher than that in the 2000 ACS. For more information on the differences of income in the ACS and Census 2000, see Income in the American Community Survey: Comparison to Census 2000 [PDF 366K]. For specific questions and answers about sources of poverty data, see Questions and Answers about Sources of Poverty Data [PDF 130K]. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K].
|
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Poverty Status of All People in the Poverty Universe | Compare with Caution
The ACS collects data throughout the year on an on-going, monthly basis and asks for a respondent's income over the "past 12 months." Census 2000, however, collected the income data for a fixed period of time -- "during 1999" (the last calendar year). For example, the 2010 ACS 1-year data reflect incomes over 2009-2010, the 2008-20010 ACS 3-year data reflect incomes over 2007-2010, and the 2006-2010 ACS 5-year data reflect incomes over 2005-2010. In a comparison study between Census 2000 income data and the 2000 ACS, income collected in Census 2000 was found to be about 4 percent higher than that in the 2000 ACS. For more information on the differences of income in the ACS and Census 2000, see Income in the American Community Survey: Comparison to Census 2000 [PDF 366K]. For specific questions and answers about sources of poverty data, see Questions and Answers about Sources of Poverty Data [PDF 130K]. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K].
|
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Hearing / Vision difficulty | Do Not Compare
The 2010 ACS disability questions are different from the Census 2000 disability questions, thus comparisons cannot be made. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Cognitive / Ambulatory / Self-care difficulty | Do Not Compare
The 2010 ACS disability questions are different from the Census 2000 disability questions, thus comparisons cannot be made. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Independent Living difficulty | Do Not Compare
The 2010 ACS disability questions are different from the Census 2000 disability questions, thus comparisons cannot be made. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Household and Family Incomes | Compare with Caution
The ACS collects data throughout the year on an on-going, monthly basis and asks for a respondent's income over the "past 12 months." Census 2000, however, collected the income data for a fixed period of time -- "during 1999" (the last calendar year). For example, the 2010 ACS 1-year data reflect incomes over 2009-2010, the 2008-2010 ACS 3-year data reflect incomes over 2007-2010, and the 2006-2010 ACS 5-year data reflect incomes over 2005-2010. In a comparison study between Census 2000 income data and the 2000 ACS, income collected in Census 2000 was found to be about 4 percent higher than that in the 2000 ACS. For more information on the differences of income in the ACS and Census 2000, see Income in the American Community Survey: Comparison to Census 2000 [PDF 366K]. The Census Bureau recommends using CPI-U-RS adjustment factors published annually by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) to adjust 1999 median, mean, and per capita income dollar amounts shown in Summary File 3 to 2010 dollars by multiplying the 1999 dollar amounts by the CPI-U-RS factor of 1.30854107. For CPI-U-RS inflation adjustment factors for other years see: BLS Consumer Price Index. Furthermore, direct comparisons of income and earnings distributions between Census 2000 and the 2010 ACS are not possible due to inflation. Users interested in making distribution comparisons need to inflation adjust individual income records using the Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) files from Census 2000. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K].
|
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Sources of Income (households) | Compare with Caution
The ACS collects data throughout the year on an on-going, monthly basis and asks for a respondent's income over the "past 12 months." Census 2000, however, collected the income data for a fixed period of time -- "during 199" (the last calendar year). In a comparison study between Census 2000 income data and the 2000 ACS, income collected in Census 2000 was found to be about 4 percent higher than that in the 2000 ACS. For more information on the differences of income in the ACS and Census 2000, see Income in the American Community Survey: Comparison to Census 2000 [PDF 366K]. The Census Bureau recommends using CPI-U-RS adjustment factors published annually by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) to adjust 1999 median, mean, and per capita income dollar amounts shown in Summary File 3 to 2010 dollars by multiplying the 1999 dollar amounts by the CPI-U-RS factor of 1.30854107. For CPI-U-RS inflation adjustment factors for other years see: BLS Consumer Price Index. Furthermore, direct comparisons of income and earnings distributions between Census 2000 and the 2010 ACS are not possible due to inflation. Users interested in making distribution comparisons need to inflation adjust individual income records using the Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) files from Census 2000. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K].
|
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Per Capita Income, Earnings (people), and Income (people) | Compare with Caution
The ACS collects data throughout the year on an on-going, monthly basis and asks for a respondent's income over the "past 12 months." Census 2000, however, collected the income data for a fixed period of time -- "during 1999" (the last calendar year). For example, the 2010 ACS 1-year data reflect incomes over 2009-2010, the 2008-2010 ACS 3-year data reflect incomes over 2007-2010, and the 2006-2010 ACS 5-year data reflect incomes over 2005-2010. In a comparison study between Census 2000 income data and the 2000 ACS, income collected in Census 2000 was found to be about 4 percent higher than that in the 2000 ACS. For more information on the differences of income in the ACS and Census 2000, see Income in the American Community Survey: Comparison to Census 2000 [PDF 366K]. The Census Bureau recommends using CPI-U-RS adjustment factors published annually by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) to adjust 1999 median, mean, and per capita income dollar amounts shown in Summary File 3 to 2010 dollars by multiplying the 1999 dollar amounts by the CPI-U-RS factor of 1.30854107. For CPI-U-RS inflation adjustment factors for other years see: BLS Consumer Price Index . Furthermore, direct comparisons of income and earnings distributions between Census 2000 and the 2010 ACS are not possible due to inflation. Users interested in making distribution comparisons need to inflation adjust individual income records using the Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) files from Census 2000. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K].
|
The question was not asked in 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Period of Military Service | Compare
Since Census 2000, the period of military service categories on the ACS questionnaire were updated to: 1) include the most recent period "September 2001 or later;" 2) list all "peace time" periods without showing a date-breakup in the list; and 3) update the Korean War and World War II dates to match the official dates as listed in US Code, Title 38. While the response categories differ slightly from those in Census 2000, data from the two questions can still be compared to one another. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Veteran Status | Compare
The ACS has two separate questions, whereas in Census 2000, it was a two part question. However, the actual questions remain the same. 2010 ACS splits the answer category for the question: "Has this person ever served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces, military Reserves, or National Guard" into two more detailed categories. However, the data from this question can still be compared across these two survey years. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Service-Connected Disability Status and Ratings | The question was not asked in Census 2000 | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls[PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Food Stamp Benefit | The question was not asked in Census 2000 | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls[PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Employment Status | Compare with Caution
The reference periods are different due to year-round ACS data collection. The ACS reference period is the week prior to the respondent completing the interview, or the field representative conducting the interview. Because questionnaires are mailed-out and field interviews are conducted throughout the year, there is a revolving reference period. For Census 2000, the reference period was the week prior to Census Day (April 1, 2000). The Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF3) labor force data for some places where colleges are located appear to overstate the estimates of people in the labor force, the unemployed, and the percent unemployed because of data capture errors. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls[PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Hours Worked | Compare
The ACS reference period is 12 months preceding the date of interview, while the Census 2000 reference period was the 1999 calendar year. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Weeks Worked | Compare
The ACS reference period is 12 months preceding the date of interview, while the Census 2000 reference period was the 1999 calendar year. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Class of Worker | Compare with Caution
The 2010 ACS Industry by Class of Worker tables combine "Unpaid family workers" with "Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers." The Census 2000 tables use different tabulation categories than the ACS. Also, the Census 2000 tables did not include the "full-time, year-round" population and there were no median earnings Class of Worker tables. Thus, comparisons cannot be made for this population or characteristic. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Industry | Compare with Caution
Census 2000 codes are 3-digit codes and are based on the NAICS 1997. The 2010 ACS industry codes are 4-digit codes and are based on the 2007 NAICS. Codes and descriptions, particularly within the Electronic Shopping, Wholesale, and Information categories changed. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls[PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Occupation | Compare with Caution
Census 2000 occupation codes are 3-digit codes based on Standard Occupation Classification (SOC) 2000. The 2010 ACS occupation codes are 4-digit codes based on SOC 2010. Codes and descriptions, particularly within the information technology, healthcare, printing, and human resources occupation categories changed. For a summary of 2010 code changes and a Census 2002 to 2010 occupation crosswalk, visit http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/ioindex/crosswalks.html. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K].
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The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Bedrooms | Compare with Caution
Beginning in 2008, the ACS bedrooms question contained different wording and response options than the Census 2000 question. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Contract and Gross Rent | Do Not Compare
For Census 2000, tables were not released for total renter-occupied units. The universe in the ACS is "renter occupied" whereas in Census 2000 the universe was "specified renter-occupied housing units," thus comparisons cannot be made. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Cost of Utilities | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household Income | Do Not Compare
For Census 2000, tables were not released for total renter-occupied units. The universe in the ACS is "renter occupied" whereas in Census 2000, the universe was "specified renter-occupied housing units," thus comparisons cannot be made. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls[PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
House Heating Fuel | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Kitchen Facilities | Compare with Caution
Changes made between 2007 and 2008 to the ACS question wording as well as the response option resulted in an increase in the "Lacking Kitchen Facilities" category compared with pre-2008 ACS and Census 2000. For more details, see Errata #53. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Monthly Rent | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Mortgage Status | Compare
With a mortgage/without a mortgage released in Census 2000 for both total owner-occupied units and specified owner-occupied units. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
Compare |
Occupants per Room | Compare with Caution
Beginning in 2008, the ACS rooms question contained different wording and response options than the Census 2000 question. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Owner Costs as a Percentage of Household Income | Compare with Caution
For Census 2000, tables with full distribution were released for total owner-occupied units but medians were not shown. When available, compare like universes. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Plumbing Facilities | Compare with Caution
Changes made between 2007 and 2008 to the ACS question wording as well as the response option resulted in an increase in the "Lacking Plumbing Facilities" category compared with pre-2008 ACS and Census 2000. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Real Estate Taxes | Do Not Compare
The universe in the ACS is "owner occupied" whereas in Census 2000, the universe was "specified owner-occupied housing units," thus comparisons cannot be made. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Rooms | Compare with Caution
Beginning in 2008, the ACS rooms question contained different wording and response options than the Census 2000 question. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Selected Monthly Owner Costs | Compare with Caution
For Census 2000, tables with full distributions were released for total owner-occupied units but medians were not shown. When available, compare like universes. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Telephone Service | Compare with Caution
In 2008, there was a change in the wording and response options for the the ACS question on telephone service. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Tenure | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
Compare |
Units in Structure | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Vacancy Status | Compare with Caution
The tabulation category "Rented or sold, not occupied" in Census 2000 is separated into two categories "Rented, not occupied" and "Sold, not occupied" in the ACS. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls[PDF 366K]. |
Do Not Compare
Because the 2010 Census and the American Community Survey differ in their design and data collection methods, users should note that estimates of vacancy rates may also differ. For more information on vacancy rates in the 2010 Census and ACS, visit the ACS User Note or preliminary results report [PDF 452K]. |
Value of Property | Compare with Caution
Unlike Census 2000, the ACS allowed a write-in for values over $250,000 until 2007. Beginning in 2008, value was collected as a continuous variable. For Census 2000, tables with full distribution, medians, and aggregate values were released for both specified owner-occupied units as well as total owner-occupied units. ACS only releases tables for total owner-occupied units. When making comparisons users should compare like universes. |
Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Vehicles Available | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Year Moved In | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Year Structure Built | Compare | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Group Quarters Population | Compare with Caution
The total group quarters (GQ) population in the ACS may not be comparable with Census 2000 because: 1) There are some Census 2000 GQ types that were out of scope in the ACS such as domestic violence shelters and soup kitchens. Also, there are some Census 2000 GQ type categories that are no longer valid (residential care facility providing "Protective Oversight," hospitals/wards for the chronically ill and hospitals/wards for drug/alcohol abuse). The exclusion of these GQ types from the ACS may result in a small bias in some ACS estimates to the extent that the excluded population is different from the included population. 2) A sample of GQ facilities throughout the United States and Puerto Rico were selected for the ACS. ACS controls the GQ sample at the state level only. Therefore, for lower levels of geography, particularly when there are relatively few GQs in a geographic area, the ACS estimate of the GQ population may vary from the estimate from Census 2000. |
Compare with Caution - Do Not Compare below State level
The group quarters data from the 2010 ACS were controlled to independent estimates based on the 2010 Census counts. Estimates of the group quarters population may vary in size and distribution compared to prior ACS years which were based on Census 2000 population counts. The weighting for the group quarters (GQ) population is controlled at the state level, but not at sub-state levels. For this reason, users may observe greater fluctuations in year-to-year ACS estimates of the GQ population at sub-state levels than at state levels. The causes of these fluctuations typically are the result of either GQs that have closed or where the current population of the GQ is significantly different than the expected population as reflected on the sampling frame. Substantial changes in the ACS GQ estimates can impact ACS estimates of total population characteristics for areas where either the GQ population is a substantial proportion of the total population or where the GQ population may have very different characteristics than the total population as a whole. Users can assess the impact that year-to-year changes in sub-state GQ total population estimates have on the changes in total ACS population estimates by accessing Table B26001 on American Fact Finder. Users should also use their local knowledge to help determine whether the year-to-year change in the ACS estimate represents a real change in the GQ population or may be the result of the lack of adequate population controls for sub-state areas. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
Compare with Caution at National and State level - Do Not Compare below State level
The ACS group quarters (GQ) population at sub-state levels may not be comparable to the 2010 Census data. The weighting for the group quarters (GQ) population is controlled at the state level, but not at sub-state levels. For this reason, users may observe larger differences between the ACS and 2010 Census population at sub-state levels than at state levels. The causes of these differences typically are the result of either GQs that have closed or where the current population of the GQ is significantly different than the expected population as reflected on the sampling frame. Substantial changes in the ACS GQ estimates can impact ACS estimates of total population characteristics for areas where either the GQ population is a substantial proportion of the total population or where the GQ population may have very different characteristics than the total population as a whole. |
Topic | 2010 ACS with Census 2000 | 2010 ACS 1-Year with 2009 ACS 1-Year | 2010 ACS with Census 2010 |
Health Insurance | The question was not asked in Census 2000 | Compare with Caution
The 2009 ACS and 2010 ACS 1-year estimates use different Census base years for the population estimates used in the ACS weighting. Estimates of population size are not comparable between 2009 and 2010. Estimates of percent distributions, rates, and ratios should be compared with caution. For more details, visit the ACS Research Note Change in Population Controls [PDF 366K]. |
The question was not asked in the 2010 Census |
1*Each subject area is listed with its 2-digit code identifier. This code corresponds to the second and third characters of the ACStable number. For example, Table B08303 - Travel Time to Work has the second and third digits of "08" which corresponds to the subject Journey to Work; Workers; and Commuting.
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