Tenofovir Alone Versus Tenofovir With Emtricitabine to Treat Chronic Hepatitis B
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This study will test whether the combination of two medications, tenofovir and emtricitabine, are safer and more effective for treating chronic hepatitis B than tenofovir alone. Chronic hepatitis B is a liver disease caused by infection with the hepatitis B virus. Several medications, including standard and pegylated interferon and the anti-viral drugs lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir and telbivudine, are currently used to treat the disease. Problems are associated with all of these agents, however, including development of viral resistance with long-term therapy of the anti-virals. Since many patients require long-term therapy to prevent their disease from worsening, a major goal of new approaches to treatment is to prevent the development of viral resistance. Combination treatment has been shown to be an effective strategy in preventing this resistance.
Tenofovir is an anti-viral drug approved for use in patients with HIV infection. In small studies in patients infected with both HIV and hepatitis B, tenofovir lowered the level of hepatitis B virus in the blood, with no viral resistance reported when used for up to 5 years. Emtricitabine is an anti-viral drug similar to lamivudine and is effective at lowering viral load and improving liver damage.
Patients 18 years of age and older with chronic hepatitis B may be eligible for this study. Participants are admitted to the NIH Clinical Center for a complete medical history and examination, including blood and urine tests, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, abdominal ultrasound, Fibroscan (ultrasound exam of the liver that measures the amount of scarring), bone mineral density scan and liver biopsy. They are then randomly assigned to take combination treatment with tenofovir plus emtricitabine or tenofovir alone for at least 48 weeks. During the treatment period, patients visit the Clinical Center for blood tests and a physical examination every 2 weeks for the first month and then every 4 to 12 weeks. After 48 weeks, patients are readmitted to the Clinical Center for a complete evaluation that includes all the tests done at the start of therapy, including a liver biopsy. Patients who seem to have improved with treatment may continue therapy for up to 192 weeks, when they are again admitted to the Clinical Center for a complete medical evaluation and liver biopsy. Patients whose condition has not improved after 48 weeks of treatment have their treatment changed or stopped and continue to have regular outpatient clinic visits for 24 more weeks.
Condition | Intervention | Phase |
---|---|---|
Chronic Hepatitis B e Antigen Positive Chronic Hepatitis B e Antigen Negative |
Drug: Tenofovir/ & Emtricitabine |
Phase 2 |
Study Type: | Interventional |
Study Design: | Allocation: Randomized Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Open Label Primary Purpose: Treatment |
Official Title: | Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Alone Versus Its Combination With Emtricitabine for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B |
- Maintained suppression of HBV DNA below 102 copies/ml (< 95 IU/ml, undetectable by current PCR-based assays, Roche Amplicor assay). [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
- Normalization of ALT levels and histological improvements which are expected to occur in all patients with full suppression of HBV DNA and in a proportion of those with partial suppression. Other endpoints will be loss of HBeAg and loss of HBsA... [ Designated as safety issue: No ]
Estimated Enrollment: | 100 |
Study Start Date: | August 2007 |
Estimated Study Completion Date: | January 2015 |
Estimated Primary Completion Date: | January 2015 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) |
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Drug: Tenofovir/ & Emtricitabine
Chronic hepatitis B is a major cause of cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma and affects approximately 1.25 million Americans. Six medications have been licensed for use in chronic hepatitis B in the United States, but their relative benefit and long-term efficacy remain unclear. In previous studies, we have shown that maintained suppression of HBV DNA can be achieved with nucleoside analogues and that suppression is associated with marked improvements in disease. In this randomized study, we propose to evaluate long-term therapy with tenofovir alone or in combination with emtricitabine (FTC). Forty treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis B will be enrolled in the primary study. After medical evaluation and liver biopsy, patients will be stratified by hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status and randomized to receive either tenofovir alone or in combination with FTC. Treatment will be continued long-term (at least four years) and patients will be carefully monitored for side effects, serum aminotransferase and HBV DNA levels. Patients will undergo repeat liver biopsy and assessment of antiviral resistance at 1 and 4 years. The primary endpoint of therapy will be the maintained suppression of HBV DNA to below 10(2) copies/ml (lower limit of detection of current assays). The study will assess the relative efficacy and safety of combination versus mono-therapy. A separate group of 60 previously treated patients will also be enrolled and randomized to mono- or combination-therapy to assess the safety profile of these agents. The primary analysis will be conducted on the entire study cohort.
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Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older |
Genders Eligible for Study: | Both |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
- INCLUSION CRITERIA (nucleoside analogue-naive subjects):
- Age greater than 18 years and older, male or female.
- Known serum HBsAg positivity for 24 weeks.
- Detectable HBV DNA greater than 10(5) copies per ml.
- Serum ALT or AST levels 1.5 times the upper limit of normal (for ALT: greater than or equal to 62 U/L and for AST greater than or equal to 46 U/L) based on at least two determinations taken at least one month apart during the 24 weeks before study entry.
- Liver biopsy within 2 years of entry that is consistent with chronic.
- Written informed consent.
INCLUSION CRITERIA SALVAGE STUDY (nucleoside analogue experienced subjects):
- Age > 18 years and older, male or female
- Known serum HBsAg positivity for 6 months
- Detectable HBV DNA > 10(2) copies/ml.
- Liver biopsy within 5 years of entry that is consistent with chronic hepatitis
- Written informed consent
INCLUSION CRITERIA: SALVAGE STUDY (relapsers)
- Age greater than 18 years and older, male or female.
- Known serum HBsAg positivity for 6 months.
- Detectable HBV DNA greater than 10(3) copies per milliliter.
- Liver biopsy within 5 years of entry that is consistent with chronic hepatitis.
- Written informed consent.
Serum ALT or AST levels 1.5 times the ULN (for ALT: greater than 62 U/L and for AST: greater than 46 U/L) based on at least two determinations taken at least 2 weeks apart.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
- Previous or current treatment with tenofovir or emtricitabine.
- Co-infection with HDV as defined by the presence of anti-HDV in serum and/or HDV antigen in the liver.
- Co-infection with HCV as defined by the presence of HCV RNA in serum.
- Co-infection with HIV as defined by the presence of anti-HIV in serum.
- Decompensated liver disease as defined by serum bilirubin greater than 2.5 milligram per deciliter (with direct bilirubin greater than 0.5 milligram per deciliter), prothrombin time of greater than 2 seconds prolonged, a serum albumin of less than 3 grams per deciliter, or a history of ascites, variceal bleeding or hepatic encephalopathy.
- Presence of other causes of liver disease (i.e. hemochromatosis, Wilson disease, alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alpha-1anti-trypsin deficiency).
- A history of organ transplantation or in the absence of organ transplantation, any immunosuppressive therapy requiring the use of more than 5 milligrams of prednisone (or its equivalent) daily.
- Significant systemic illness other than liver diseases including congestive heart failure, renal failure, chronic pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus with poor control that in the opinion of the investigator may interfere with therapy.
- Pregnancy or inability to practice contraception in patients capable of bearing or fathering children and lactating women.
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), or the presence of a mass on imaging studies of the liver that is suggest of HCc, or an alpha-fetoprotein level of greater than 500ng/mL.
- History of clinically apparent pancreatitis or evidence of subclinical pancreatitis as shown by serum amylase values twice the upper limits of the normal range and abnormalities of the pancreas on CT or other imaging studies of the abdomen.
- Sensory or motor neuropathy apparent from medical history and physical examination.
- Creatinine clearance less than 50 ml/min, serum creatinine greater than 1.3 mg/dl or urine protein greater than 1 gram/24 hours; creatinine clearance will be determined on the average of two 24 hour urine specimens. Accuracy of collection will be ensured by documenting appropriate total creatinine excretion in the 24 hour urine specimen (15mg/kg) and correcting for the patient's age, gender and body surface area.
- Concurrent use of nephrotoxic agents (e.g. aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, vancomycin, foscarnet, cis-platinum, pentamidine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents) or competitors of renal tubular excretion (e.g. probenecid) within 2 months prior to study screening or the expectation that the subject will receive these during the course of the study.
- History of hypersensitivity to nucleoside analogues.
- Active ethanol/drug abuse/psychiatric problems such as major depression, schizophrenia, bipolar illness, obsessive-compulsive disorder, severe anxiety, personality disorder that, in the investigator's opinion, might interfere with participation in the study.
- History of renal tubular acidosis.
- History of malignancy or treatment for a malignancy within the past 5 years.
- Presence of conditions that, in the opinion of the investigators, would not allow the patient to be followed in the current study for at least 5 years.
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Contact: Elenita Rivera, R.N. | (301) 496-3531 | erivera@cc.nih.gov |
Contact: Marc G Ghany, M.D. | (301) 402-5115 | marcg@mail.nih.gov |
United States, Maryland | |
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike | Recruiting |
Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892 | |
Contact: For more information at the NIH Clinical Center contact Patient Recruitment and Public Liaison Office (PRPL) 800-411-1222 ext TTY8664111010 prpl@mail.cc.nih.gov |
Principal Investigator: | Marc G Ghany, M.D. | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) |
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Additional Information:
Publications:
Responsible Party: | Marc G. Ghany, M.D./National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT00524173 History of Changes |
Other Study ID Numbers: | 070207, 07-DK-0207 |
Study First Received: | August 31, 2007 |
Last Updated: | September 27, 2012 |
Health Authority: | United States: Federal Government |
Keywords provided by National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC):
Emtricitabine Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Hepatitis B Virus Combination Therapy Antiviral Resistance FTC |
Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogue Chronic Hepatitis B Hepatitis B Mutants Liver Biopsy Hepatitis B HBV |
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Hepatitis Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis, Chronic Hepatitis B, Chronic Liver Diseases Digestive System Diseases Hepatitis, Viral, Human Virus Diseases Enterovirus Infections Picornaviridae Infections RNA Virus Infections Hepadnaviridae Infections DNA Virus Infections |
Tenofovir Tenofovir disoproxil Emtricitabine Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Enzyme Inhibitors Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action Pharmacologic Actions Anti-Retroviral Agents Antiviral Agents Anti-Infective Agents Therapeutic Uses Anti-HIV Agents |
ClinicalTrials.gov processed this record on October 17, 2012