¹ Joan Petersilia, When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2003.

² Joan Petersilia, When Prisoners Come Home: Parole and Prisoner Reentry. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2003. Creasie Finney Hairston, “Family Ties During Imprisonment: Do They Influence Future Criminal Activity?” Federal Probation 52, no. 1 (1988): 48–52; Craig Dowden and D. A. Andrews, “What Works for Female Offenders: A Meta-Analytic Review,” Crime and Delinquency 45, no. 4 (1999): 438–52.

³ Creasie Finney Hairston and Peg McCartt Hess, Parent-Child Communication in Correctional Settings: Policy Recommendations (National Resource Center for Families of the Incarcerated) http://www.fcnetwork.org/training/BOR%205/participants-materials/parent-child_comm.pdf

⁴ Jacinta Bronte-Tinkew et al, Elements of Promising Practice in Programs Serving Fathers Involved in the Criminal Justice System (Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Family Assistance, National Responsible Fatherhood Clearinghouse 2008) available at http://fatherhood.gov/about-us/nrfc-resources/nrfc-promising-practices. Examples of effective fatherhood programs are available on the National Responsible Fatherhood Clearinghouse website, http://www.fatherhood.gov

⁵ See program in Florida, Florida Department of Corrections, “Department of Corrections Program Strengthens Family Ties” Press Release, September 23, 2002. http://www.dc.state.fl.us/secretary/press/2002/familyties.html

⁶ William D. Bales and Daniel P. Mears, “Inmate Social Ties and the Transition to Society: Does Visitation Reduce Recidivism?” Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 45 (2008):287-321. Minnesota Department of Corrections, The Effects of Prison Visitation on Offender Recidivism (St. Paul, 2011) http://www.doc.state.mn.us/publications/documents/11-11MNPrisonVisitationStudy.pdf

⁷ Center for Effective Public Policy, Engaging Offenders’ Families in Reentry (Washington, D.C. 2010) http://www.cepp.com/documents/Engaging%20Offenders%20Families%20in%20Reentry.pdf

⁸ Center for Effective Public Policy, Engaging Offenders’ Families in Reentry Efforts (Washington, D.C. 2010) http://www.cepp.com/documents/Engaging%20Offenders%20Families%20in%20Reentry.pdf

⁹ Jeremy Travis, et al. From Prison to Home: The Dimensions and Consequences of Prisoner Reentry (Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute, 2001) available at: http://www.urban.org/uploadedpdf/from_prison_to_home.pdf

¹⁰ Center for Sex Offender Management, Key Considerations for Reunifying Adult Sex Offenders and their Families (2005) http://www.csom.org/pubs/FamilyReunificationDec05.pdf

¹¹ Lauren E. Glaze and Laura M. Maruschak, Parents in Prison and Their Minor Children (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2008) http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/pptmc.pdf

¹² Jessica Pearson, “Building Debt while Doing Time: Child Support and Incarceration,” Judges’ Journal 43, no. 1 (2004): 5–12.

¹³ Harry Holzer, Paul Offner, and Elaine Sorensen, Declining Employment among Young, Black, Less-Educated Men (Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute, 2004).

¹⁴ Creasie Finney Hairston, “Family Ties during Imprisonment: Do They Influence Future Criminal Activity?” Federal Probation 52, no. 1 (1998): 48–52.

¹⁵ Ann Cammett, Making Work Pay: Promoting Employment and Better Child-Support Outcomes for Low-Income and Incarcerated Parents (Newark: New Jersey Institute for Social Justice, 2005).

¹⁶ Elise Richer, Abbey Frank, Mark Greenberg, Steve Savner, and Vicki Turetsky, Boom Times a Bust: Declining Employment among Less-Educated Young Men (Washington, D.C.: Center for Law and Social Policy, 2003).

¹⁷ Lauren E. Glaze and Laura M. Maruschak, Parents in Prison and Their Minor Children (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2008) http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/pptmc.pdf

¹⁸ Annie E. Casey Foundation, When a Parent is Incarcerated: A Primer for Social Workers (Baltimore, MD: 2011) http://www.aecf.org/WhenAParentIsIncarceratedPrimer.pdf. For state child welfare policies, visit the Child Welfare Information Gateway. http://www.childwelfare.gov/systemwide/laws_policies/state

¹⁹ For example, the Multnomah County Transition Services Unit offers family orientations as well as a family brochure. The orientation flyer and the brochure are available on their website: http://web.multco.us/dcj-adult/tsu

²⁰ Center for Effective Public Policy, Engaging Offenders’ Families in Reentry Efforts (Washington, D.C. 2010) http://www.cepp.com/EngagingOffendersFamiliesinReentry.pdf

²¹ Tanya Krupat, Elizabeth Gaynes and Yali Lincroft, A Call to Action: Safeguarding New York’s Children of Incarcerated Parents (New York, The Osborne Association, New York Initiative for Children of Incarcerated Parents, 2011) http://www.osborneny.org/NYCIP/ACalltoActionNYCIP.Osborne2011.pdf

²² See Shawn Bauldry et al, Mentoring Formerly Incarcerated Adults (Public/Private Ventures, 2009) available at: http://www.ppv.org/ppv/publications/assets/265_publication.pdf