Treacher-Collins syndrome
Treacher-Collins syndrome is a condition that is passed down through families (hereditary) that leads to problems with the structure of the face.
Causes
Treacher-Collins syndrome is caused by a defective protein called treacle. The condition is passed down through families (inherited).
This condition may vary in severity from generation to generation and from person to person.
Symptoms
- Outer part of the ears are abnormal or almost completely missing
- Hearing loss
- Very small jaw (micrognathia)
- Very large mouth
- Defect in the lower eyelid (coloboma)
- Scalp hair that reaches to the cheeks
- Cleft palate
Exams and Tests
The child usually will show normal intelligence. Examination of the infant may reveal a variety of problems, including:
- Abnormal eye shape
- Flat cheekbones
- Clefts in the face
- Small jaw
- Low-set ears
- Abnormally formed ears
- Abnormal ear canal
- Hearing loss
- Defects in the eye (coloboma that extends into the lower lid)
- Decreased eyelashes on the lower eyelid
Genetic tests can help identify gene changes linked to this condition.
Treatment
Hearing loss is treated to ensure better performance in school.
A good plastic surgeon is very important, because children with this condition sometimes need a series of operations to correct birth defects. Plastic surgery can correct the receding chin and other changes in face structure.
Support Groups
Treacher Collins Foundation -- www.treachercollinsfnd.org
Outlook (Prognosis)
Children with this syndrome typically grow to become normally functioning adults of normal intelligence.
Possible Complications
- Feeding difficulty
- Speaking difficulty
- Communication problems
- Vision problems
When to Contact a Medical Professional
This condition is usually seen at birth.
Genetic counseling can help families understand the condition and how to care for the patient.
Prevention
Genetic counseling is recommended if you have a family history of this syndrome and wish to become pregnant.
Alternative Names
Mandibulofacial dysostosis
Update Date: 8/4/2011
Updated by: Chad Haldeman-Englert, MD, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Winston-Salem, NC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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