Slab Models for Subduction Zones
Slab1.0 is a three-dimensional compilation of global subduction geometries, separated into regional models for each major subduction zone. Each model is based on a probabilistic non-linear fit to data from a combined catalog consisting of several independent data sets - historic earthquake catalogs, CMT solutions, active seismic profiles, global plate boundaries, bathymetry and sediment thickness information.
- Slab 1.0 Interactive Map
- Download all slab models in Google Earth format - 1.4 MB
- Download all slab models in NetCDF format - 35.3 MB
- Hayes, G. P., D. J. Wald, and R. L. Johnson (2012), Slab1.0: A three-dimensional model of global subduction zone geometries, J. Geophys. Res., 117, B01302, doi:10.1029/2011JB008524.
A key step in many earthquake source inversions requires knowledge of the geometry of the fault on which the earthquake occurred. Our knowledge of this surface is often uncertain, however, and as a result fault geometry mislocation can map into significant error in the final temporal and spatial slip patterns of these inversions. Relying solely on an initial hypocenter and CMT mechanism can be risky when establishing rupture characteristics needed for rapid tsunami and ground shaking estimates. The initial motivation for the SIGA project was to improve the quality of fast finite-fault inversion results by combining several independent and complementary datasets to more accurately constrain the geometry of the seismic rupture plane of subducting slabs. Unlike previous analyses aimed at defining the general form of the plate interface, we require mechanisms and locations of the seismicity considered in our inversions to be consistent with their occurrence on the plate interface, by limiting events to those with well-constrained depths and with CMT solutions indicative of shallow-dip thrust faulting. We construct probability density functions about each location based on formal assumptions of their depth uncertainty and use these constraints to solve for the 'most likely' planar and non-planar fault interface. In the case of large events (M > ~7.5), these planes can be used directly in new finite fault in versions. For smaller events, this method provides a quick analysis of the tectonic setting of an event and a 'most likely' depth assuming the earthquake occurred on the subduction interface, which can be used as a check against other depth estimates produced at the NEIC (for examples, see the "individual events" tab).
Outside of realtime analyses, we have used this approach to build a suite of 2D cross-sections of global subduction geometries where data coverage is sufficiently dense to sample the interface. To improve data coverage, we have supplemented our original data sets (catalogs of historic earthquakes, mechanisms, trench locations and bathymetry, and seafloor sediment thickness data) with locally collected active source seismic data, which images the shallow aseismic thrust interface that is otherwise unconstrained in our models. We use these 2D cross-sections in a three-dimensional interpolation scheme to produce the models available below.
Region | Depth Grid | Strike Grid | Dip Grid | Contours | Model Limits |
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Alaska-Aleutians
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Last Updated: November 16, 2011 | ||||
Central America
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Last Updated: July 22, 2011 | ||||
Izu-Bonin
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Last Updated: November 16, 2011 | ||||
Kermadec-Tonga
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Last Updated: November 16, 2011 | ||||
Kamchatka/Kurils/Japan
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Last Updated: July 22, 2011 | ||||
Philippines
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Last Updated: November 16, 2011 | ||||
Ryukyu
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Last Updated: November 16, 2011 | ||||
Santa Cruz Islands/Vanuatu/Loyalty Islands
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Last Updated: November 16, 2011 | ||||
Scotia
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Last Updated: November 16, 2011 | ||||
Solomon Islands
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Last Updated: July 22, 2011 | ||||
South America
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Last Updated: July 22, 2011 | ||||
Sumatra-Java
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Last Updated: July 22, 2011 | ||||
Notes
For instructions on use, see these directions.
- [1] grd format. For use with GMT grdimage.
- [2] ascii format. Listed as xyz (lat, lon, depth).
- [3] ascii format, multi-segment file, contours in 20 km intervals.
- [4] ascii format. Clipping mask for grid (region of grid applicability). For use with GMT grdclip.
- [5] ascii format. Top and base of model region.
- [6] ArcGIS shapefile
Slab Surface vs. Slab Earthquake Depths
The following figures describe the average difference in depth between the computed 3D slab surfaces, and the earthquakes used to construct each surface. These figures thus provide a qualitative assessment of how well we are fitting the earthquakes that define the subduction geometry in each location; if we assume that the ideal geometry should approximately envelope a slabs' seismicity, then differences should average slightly less than zero (cream-white-light blue colors). Areas where large misfits exist highlight a poorly-fit surface, and may be indicative of structural complexity in the slab geometry.
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Alaska-Aleutians
Click for larger image
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Central America
Click for larger image
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Izu-Bonin
Click for larger image
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Kermadec-Tonga
Click for larger image
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Kamchatka/Kurils/Japan
Click for larger image
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Philippines
Click for larger image
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Ryukyu
Click for larger image
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Santa Cruz Islands/Vanuatu/Loyalty Islands
Click for larger image
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Scotia
Click for larger image
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Solomon Islands
Click for larger image
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South America
Click for larger image
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Sumatra-Java
Click for larger image
References
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- Lüschen, E., Müller, C., Kopp, H., Engels, M., Lutz. R., Planert, L., Shulgin, A., and Djajadihardja, L.S., Structure, Evolution and Tectonic Activity of the Eastern Sunda Forearc, Indonesia, Marine Seismic Investigations, 2009.
- Shulgin, A., Kopp, H., Mueller, C., Lueschen, E., Planert, L., Engels, M., Flueh, E. R., Krabbenhoeft, A., and Djajadihardja, Y., Sunda-Banda arc transition: Incipient continent-island arc collision (northwest Australia), Geophys. Res. Letters, 36, L10304, DOI:10.1029/2009GL037533, 2009.
- Simoes, M., Avouac, J. P., Cattin, R., and Henry, P., The Sumatra subduction zone: A case for a locked fault zone extending into the mantle, J Geophys. Res., 109, B10402, DOI:10.1029/2003JB002958, 2004.
The individual event pages linked below describe our procedure to constrain the two-dimensional geometry of subduction interfaces at the locations of recent, moderate-to-large earthquakes that occurred on or near the subduction thrust. The 3D models provided in the "models" tab are built from a suite of similar 2D cross-sections made at regularly sampled intervals along the strike of each subduction zone.