For release: Wednesday, March 23, 2011 | |
BLSInfoAtlanta@bls.gov | |
General Information: (404) 893-4222 | |
Media Contact: (404) 893-4220 |
MINIMUM WAGE WORKERS IN GEORGIA – 2010
In 2010, 163,000 hour-paid workers in Georgia had earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. (See chart 1.) In the State, about 1.9 million workers were paid at hourly rates, representing 50.4 percent of all wage and salary workers(1). Regional Commissioner Janet S. Rankin noted that workers paid at or below the Federal minimum wage accounted for 8.5 percent of these hourly-paid workers in Georgia(2). (See table 1.)
Chart 1. Employed wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage in Georgia, annual averages, 2000-2010
According to the Current Population Survey (CPS) estimates for 2010, 72.9 million workers in the United States were paid at hourly rates, representing 58.8 percent of all wage and salary workers. Of those paid by the hour, 1.8 million earned exactly the prevailing Federal minimum wage and nearly another 2.5 million reported wages below the minimum. Together, these 4.4 million workers with wages at or below the Federal minimum made up 6.0 percent of all hourly-paid workers.
The number of Georgia workers with hourly pay at or below the Federal minimum rose by 22,000 in 2010, with men and women each registering increases of 12,000. The rates of increase for both men (25.0 percent) and women (13.2 percent) workers earning at or below the Federal minimum wage slowed in 2010 compared to their 2009 increases of 128.6 and 65.5 percent, respectively. In 2010, women had a higher percentage of workers earning the Federal minimum wage than men (10.5 percent compared to 6.5 percent). (See table A and chart 2.)
Chart 2. Percentage of employed wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage in Georgia, by sex, annual averages, 2000-2010
Overall, Georgia wage and salary workers paid hourly rates(3) had median hourly earnings of $11.81 in 2010; nationally, the median was $12.50. The 2010 median hourly rates for men and women in Georgia were $13.06 and $10.73, respectively. (See table A.) For the United States as a whole, the median hourly rates were $13.76 for men and $11.83 for women.
Year | Number of workers at or below Federal minimum wage (in thousands) | All hourly-paid workers | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Below prevailing Federal minimum wage | At prevailing Federal minimum wage | Number of workers (in thousands) | Median earnings (in dollars) | |
Total | |||||
2000 |
76 | 54 | 22 | 2,099 | 9.69 |
2001 |
64 | 51 | 13 | 1,993 | 10.22 |
2002 |
51 | 48 | 3 | 1,959 | 10.63 |
2003 |
55 | 39 | 16 | 1,921 | 10.55 |
2004 |
39 | 32 | 7 | 2,022 | 11.21 |
2005 |
66 | 52 | 14 | 2,060 | 11.02 |
2006 |
55 | 50 | 5 | 2,127 | 11.24 |
2007 |
70 | 59 | 11 | 2,216 | 11.50 |
2008 |
76 | 63 | 13 | 2,084 | 12.12 |
2009 |
141 | 92 | 49 | 1,971 | 12.13 |
2010 |
163 | 78 | 85 | 1,912 | 11.81 |
Men | |||||
2000 |
31 | 23 | 8 | 1,060 | 10.15 |
2001 |
25 | 21 | 4 | 959 | 11.18 |
2002 |
13 | 12 | 1 | 969 | 11.75 |
2003 |
16 | 10 | 6 | 989 | 11.51 |
2004 |
8 | 6 | 2 | 1,074 | 11.95 |
2005 |
23 | 17 | 6 | 1,028 | 11.83 |
2006 |
17 | 16 | 1 | 1,064 | 11.93 |
2007 |
22 | 19 | 3 | 1,076 | 12.12 |
2008 |
21 | 15 | 6 | 1,010 | 13.16 |
2009 |
48 | 35 | 13 | 954 | 13.31 |
2010 |
60 | 27 | 33 | 929 | 13.06 |
Women | |||||
2000 |
45 | 31 | 14 | 1,039 | 8.87 |
2001 |
40 | 31 | 9 | 1,034 | 9.61 |
2002 |
38 | 36 | 2 | 990 | 9.81 |
2003 |
39 | 29 | 10 | 932 | 9.94 |
2004 |
31 | 26 | 5 | 948 | 10.33 |
2005 |
43 | 35 | 8 | 1,032 | 10.20 |
2006 |
38 | 34 | 4 | 1,063 | 10.43 |
2007 |
49 | 40 | 9 | 1,140 | 10.80 |
2008 |
55 | 48 | 7 | 1,075 | 11.21 |
2009 |
91 | 56 | 35 | 1,017 | 11.22 |
2010 |
103 | 51 | 52 | 984 | 10.73 |
Note: Data exclude all self-employed persons whether or not their businesses are incorporated. Data may not |
Among the States and the District of Columbia, Mississippi and Texas, at 9.5 percent each, had the highest proportion of hourly-paid workers earning at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage in 2010, followed by Alabama and West Virginia, at 9.3 percent each. Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Tennessee also had shares of at least 8.0 percent. The States with the lowest percentage of workers earning the Federal minimum wage or below included Alaska, Oregon, Washington, and California with shares at or below 2.0 percent. It should be noted that as of January 1, 2011, 17 States and the District of Columbia had laws establishing minimum wage standards that exceeded the Federal level of $7.25 per hour(4). (See table 1 and chart 3.)
Chart 3. Minimum wage laws in the States, January 1, 2011
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Employment Standards Administration, Wage and Hour Division.
Footnotes
(1) Data are for wage and salary workers age 16 and over and refer to earnings on a person’s sole or principal job. All self-employed persons are excluded whether or not their businesses are incorporated.
(2) The presence of a sizable number of workers with reported wages below the minimum does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exemptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law.
(3) Wage rates in this release use median values. The median is the middle of a distribution: half the scores are above the median and half are below the median. The median is less sensitive to extreme wages than the mean; this makes it a better measure than the mean for highly skewed distributions.
(4) U.S. Department of Labor, Employment Standards Administration, Wage and Hour Division: www.dol.gov/whd/minwage/america.htm.
Technical Note
The Bureau of Labor Statistics’ data on minimum wage are derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a nationwide sample survey of households that includes questions enabling the identification of hourly-paid workers and their hourly wage rate. Data in this summary are annual averages.
Minimum wage data, particularly levels, for each year are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years because of the introduction of revised population controls used in the CPS. Additional information is available on the BLS Web site at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#pop.
The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $2.90 in 1979, $3.10 in 1980, and $3.35 in 1981-89. The minimum wage rose to $3.80 on April 1, 1990, to $4.25 on April 1, 1991, to $4.75 on October 1, 1996, to $5.15 on September 1, 1997, to $5.85 on July 24, 2007, to $6.55 on July 24, 2008, and to $7.25 on July 24, 2009.
For personal assistance or further information on minimum wage data, as well as other Bureau data, contact the Southeast Information Office at 404-893-4222 from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200, TDD message referral phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
State | Number of workers (in thousands) | Percent distribution | Percent of workers paid hourly rates | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total paid hourly rates | At or below minimum wage | Total paid hourly rates | At or below minimum wage | At or below minimum wage | |||||||
Total | At minimum wage | Below minimum wage | Total | At minimum wage | Below minimum wage | Total | At minimum wage | Below minimum wage | |||
Total, 16 years and over |
72,902 | 4,361 | 1,820 | 2,541 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 6.0 | 2.5 | 3.5 |
Alabama |
1,141 | 106 | 59 | 47 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 1.8 | 9.3 | 5.2 | 4.1 |
Alaska |
208 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 1.4 |
Arizona |
1,492 | 83 | 38 | 45 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 5.6 | 2.5 | 3.0 |
Arkansas |
705 | 56 | 32 | 24 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 7.9 | 4.5 | 3.4 |
California |
8,619 | 174 | 55 | 119 | 11.8 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 4.7 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 1.4 |
Colorado |
1,135 | 55 | 14 | 41 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 1.6 | 4.8 | 1.2 | 3.6 |
Connecticut |
866 | 35 | 5 | 30 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 4.0 | 0.6 | 3.5 |
Delaware |
203 | 14 | 6 | 8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 6.9 | 3.0 | 3.9 |
District of Columbia |
97 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 5.2 | 1.0 | 4.1 |
Florida |
3,778 | 253 | 100 | 153 | 5.2 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 2.6 | 4.0 |
Georgia |
1,912 | 163 | 85 | 78 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 4.7 | 3.1 | 8.5 | 4.4 | 4.1 |
Hawaii |
318 | 15 | 8 | 7 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 4.7 | 2.5 | 2.2 |
Idaho |
396 | 30 | 15 | 15 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 7.6 | 3.8 | 3.8 |
Illinois |
3,145 | 126 | 34 | 92 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 1.1 | 2.9 |
Indiana |
1,610 | 126 | 60 | 66 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 7.8 | 3.7 | 4.1 |
Iowa |
947 | 61 | 33 | 28 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 6.4 | 3.5 | 3.0 |
Kansas |
771 | 59 | 30 | 29 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 7.7 | 3.9 | 3.8 |
Kentucky |
1,119 | 91 | 43 | 48 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 8.1 | 3.8 | 4.3 |
Louisiana |
981 | 87 | 29 | 58 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 2.3 | 8.9 | 3.0 | 5.9 |
Maine |
369 | 14 | 3 | 11 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 3.0 |
Maryland |
1,311 | 77 | 21 | 56 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 5.9 | 1.6 | 4.3 |
Massachusetts |
1,519 | 45 | 10 | 35 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 3.0 | 0.7 | 2.3 |
Michigan |
2,478 | 137 | 30 | 107 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 5.5 | 1.2 | 4.3 |
Minnesota |
1,497 | 90 | 39 | 51 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 6.0 | 2.6 | 3.4 |
Mississippi |
663 | 63 | 34 | 29 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 9.5 | 5.1 | 4.4 |
Missouri |
1,531 | 123 | 55 | 68 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 8.0 | 3.6 | 4.4 |
Montana |
255 | 17 | 12 | 5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 6.7 | 4.7 | 2.0 |
Nebraska |
536 | 30 | 17 | 13 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 5.6 | 3.2 | 2.4 |
Nevada |
651 | 23 | 10 | 13 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 2.0 |
New Hampshire |
356 | 19 | 5 | 14 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 3.9 |
New Jersey |
1,612 | 113 | 31 | 82 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 3.2 | 7.0 | 1.9 | 5.1 |
New Mexico |
476 | 26 | 6 | 20 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 5.5 | 1.3 | 4.2 |
New York |
4,122 | 264 | 103 | 161 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 2.5 | 3.9 |
North Carolina |
2,121 | 168 | 73 | 95 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 7.9 | 3.4 | 4.5 |
North Dakota |
200 | 13 | 7 | 6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 6.5 | 3.5 | 3.0 |
Ohio |
3,185 | 172 | 49 | 123 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 2.7 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 1.5 | 3.9 |
Oklahoma |
835 | 72 | 39 | 33 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 8.6 | 4.7 | 4.0 |
Oregon |
994 | 16 | 6 | 10 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
Pennsylvania |
3,255 | 206 | 91 | 115 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 6.3 | 2.8 | 3.5 |
Rhode Island |
294 | 14 | 4 | 10 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 4.8 | 1.4 | 3.4 |
South Carolina |
1,050 | 78 | 32 | 46 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 7.4 | 3.0 | 4.4 |
South Dakota |
257 | 15 | 7 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 5.8 | 2.7 | 3.1 |
Tennessee |
1,503 | 124 | 64 | 60 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 2.4 | 8.3 | 4.3 | 4.0 |
Texas |
5,763 | 550 | 268 | 282 | 7.9 | 12.6 | 14.7 | 11.1 | 9.5 | 4.7 | 4.9 |
Utah |
739 | 45 | 21 | 24 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 6.1 | 2.8 | 3.2 |
Vermont |
184 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 2.7 |
Virginia |
1,712 | 136 | 53 | 83 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 7.9 | 3.1 | 4.8 |
Washington |
1,739 | 19 | 7 | 12 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.7 |
West Virginia |
430 | 40 | 23 | 17 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 9.3 | 5.3 | 4.0 |
Wisconsin |
1,657 | 91 | 44 | 47 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 2.8 |
Wyoming |
163 | 12 | 6 | 6 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 7.4 | 3.7 | 3.7 |
NOTE: Data exclude all self-employed persons whether or not their businesses are incorporated. Users are reminded that these data are based on a sample and therefore are subject to sampling error, the degree of error may be quite large for less populous States. It is not possible to determine clearly whether workers surveyed in the CPS are actually covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) or by individual State minimum wage laws. Thus, some workers reported as earning the prevailing Federal minimum wage may not in fact be covered by Federal or State minimum wage laws. Also, there are a number of states that have minimum wages that exceed the Federal minimum wage. At the same time, the presence of a sizable number of workers with wages below the prevailing Federal minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the FLSA or applicable State laws, because there are numerous exclusions and exemptions to these minimum wage statutes. |
Last Modified Date: April 8, 2011