The Exchange Test Method
A-13: Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Method)
Issue Date: 30 Apr 1993
Revision Date: 09/30/2011
PURPOSE AND SCOPE:
To determine the resistance to the wearing away of any part of material when rubbed against another material. The adequate abrasion resistance of woven or knitted textile materials is essential for consumer acceptance and satisfaction. Fraying cuffs and collars, worn seats and elbows, threadbare sheets, etc., are the result of abrasive action.
PRINCIPLE:
A specimen is abraded by rubbing either uni-directionally or multi-directionally against an abradant having specified surface characteristics. The specimen is held in a fixed position and supported by an inflated rubber diaphragm, which is held under a constant pressure. Resistance to abrasion is evaluated by fabric failure and/or visual rating.
REFERENCE:
ASTM D 3886-99 (2011) e1, Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus).
APPARATUS:
- 4.1 CSI Stoll - Universal Wear Tester, Model CS-22C
- 4.2 "O" emery polishing paper
PROCEDURE:
- 5.1 Cut at least 2 circular specimens approximately 112 mm (4-3/8 in.) in diameter.
- 5.2 Condition the specimens for a minimum of 2 hours at 21° +/- 1C (70° +- 2F) temperature and 65% +/- 2% relative humidity.
- 5.3 Place the specimen (face up) over the rubber diaphragm.
- 5.4 Place an unused strip of "O" emery abrasive paper on the abradant plate.
- 5.5 Set the air pressure on the diaphragm to 28 kPa (4 psi) and place a 454 g (1 lb.) load on the head.
- 5.6 Engage the rotation mechanism of the specimen clamp.
- 5.7 Gently bring the abradant head down until it contacts the specimen.
- 5.8 Depress "start" button.
- 5.9 "O" emery polishing paper be changed at every 100 to 300 cycles.
- 5.10 Check the specimen frequently (depending upon the type of fabric), and evaluate visually under magnifier light.
EVALUATION:
Determine the end point by one of the following methods as specified or agreed upon:
- The completion of a specified number of cycles on the testing machine and any change in the appearance.
- First sign of wear or a yarn breaking, and counting the number of cycles up to this point.
- Specimen breaking or being completely rubbed away and counting the number of cycles up to this point.
REPORT:
Report the abrasion resistance in terms of average number of cycles to reach an end point.