RITA | BTS | Table 4-44: Estimated National Average Vehicle Emissions Rates per Vehicle by Vehicle Type using Reformulated Gasoline and Diesel

Table 4-44: Estimated National Average Vehicle Emissions Rates per Vehicle by Vehicle Type using Reformulated Gasoline and Diesel

(Grams per mile)

	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
RFG (assuming 100% RFG)
Light-duty vehicles
Exhaust HC	1.45	1.28	1.15	1.04	0.97	0.84	0.76	0.68	0.62	0.55	0.47	0.41	0.38	0.35
Nonexhaust HC	0.89	0.87	0.86	0.84	0.82	0.64	0.63	0.61	0.59	0.57	0.54	0.51	0.47	0.43
Total HC	2.34	2.15	2.01	1.88	1.78	1.48	1.39	1.29	1.21	1.12	1.02	0.92	0.85	0.78
Exhaust CO	22.78	20.84	19.43	18.25	17.21	15.36	14.68	13.88	13.17	12.49	11.44	9.81	9.29	8.84
Exhaust NO_x	1.78	1.64	1.55	1.46	1.35	1.24	1.19	1.12	1.06	1.00	0.90	0.77	0.72	0.66
Light-duty trucks
Exhaust HC	2.09	1.85	1.69	1.55	1.44	1.27	1.18	1.07	0.97	0.89	0.71	0.63	0.59	0.50
Nonexhaust HC	0.93	0.91	0.89	0.87	0.85	0.68	0.67	0.64	0.62	0.59	0.56	0.53	0.50	0.47
Total HC	3.02	2.75	2.58	2.42	2.29	1.96	1.84	1.71	1.59	1.48	1.28	(R) 1.16	1.09	0.97
Exhaust CO	31.86	29.46	27.70	26.19	24.63	22.25	21.09	19.71	17.78	16.66	14.47	15.79	12.03	11.22
Exhaust NO_x	1.84	1.73	1.65	1.59	1.55	1.47	1.45	1.41	1.36	1.31	1.20	1.07	1.01	0.93
Heavy-duty vehicles
Exhaust HC	2.14	1.91	1.70	1.48	1.32	1.16	1.03	0.92	0.77	0.70	0.62	0.51	0.45	0.40
Nonexhaust HC	1.72	1.64	1.56	1.50	1.43	1.12	1.07	1.03	1.01	0.97	0.90	0.83	0.78	0.73
Total HC	3.86	3.55	3.26	2.98	2.75	2.28	2.10	1.96	1.78	1.67	1.51	1.34	1.23	1.13
Exhaust CO	46.02	41.15	36.62	32.80	29.12	25.87	22.88	20.41	16.87	15.33	13.89	12.01	11.25	10.41
Exhaust NO_x	6.13	5.90	5.74	5.57	5.41	5.18	5.01	4.86	4.75	4.63	4.36	3.79	3.39	3.00
Motorcycles
Exhaust HC	1.69	1.63	1.63	1.62	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61	1.61
Nonexhaust HC	0.55	0.54	0.53	0.53	0.53	0.43	0.43	0.43	0.44	0.44	0.43	0.43	0.42	0.41
Total HC	2.24	2.17	2.16	2.16	2.14	2.04	2.04	2.04	2.05	2.05	2.04	2.04	2.03	2.02
Exhaust CO	12.64	12.56	12.56	12.56	12.56	12.56	12.56	12.56	12.56	12.56	12.56	12.56	12.56	12.56
Exhaust NO_x	1.26	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25	1.25
DIESEL
Light-duty vehicles
Exhaust HC	0.77	0.79	0.81	0.81	0.82	0.80	0.76	0.73	0.73	0.60	0.58	0.48	0.36	0.29
Exhaust CO	1.69	1.73	1.76	1.78	1.79	1.78	1.75	1.73	1.74	1.59	1.57	1.41	1.21	1.09
Exhaust NO_x	1.89	1.89	1.88	1.86	1.85	1.81	1.72	1.62	1.54	1.43	1.32	1.11	0.85	0.69
Light-duty trucks
Exhaust HC	1.67	1.69	1.63	1.51	1.42	1.02	0.88	0.96	0.97	0.98	0.80	0.79	0.63	0.55
Exhaust CO	2.85	2.89	2.79	2.60	2.44	1.77	1.54	1.66	1.68	1.68	1.37	1.34	1.06	0.93
Exhaust NO_x	2.46	2.42	2.31	2.17	2.07	1.76	1.64	1.67	1.66	1.59	1.37	1.30	1.09	0.94
Heavy-duty vehicles
Exhaust HC	1.23	1.10	1.00	0.92	0.85	0.79	0.74	0.69	0.61	0.58	0.54	0.51	0.48	0.45
Exhaust CO	6.32	5.73	5.23	4.80	4.43	4.10	3.82	3.58	3.37	3.19	3.05	2.90	2.66	2.31
Exhaust NO_x	20.49	20.24	20.04	19.84	19.14	18.05	16.68	15.52	13.92	12.50	11.45	10.55	9.60	8.61
Average Emissions Per Vehicle, RFG and Diesel Fleet
Exhaust HC	1.65	1.46	1.34	1.23	1.15	1.02	0.94	0.86	0.78	0.71	0.60	0.53	0.50	0.44
Nonexhaust HC	0.86	0.84	0.82	0.80	0.78	0.62	0.60	0.58	0.57	0.54	0.52	0.49	0.46	0.42
Total HC	2.51	2.30	2.16	2.03	1.93	1.64	1.55	1.44	1.35	1.26	1.12	1.02	0.95	0.87
Exhaust CO	24.92	22.93	21.56	20.38	19.27	17.44	16.62	15.64	14.43	13.62	12.18	10.66	10.12	9.52
Exhaust NO_x	3.36	3.24	3.18	3.12	3.02	2.85	2.71	2.58	2.40	2.24	2.06	1.86	1.71	1.57

KEY: CO = carbon monoxide; HC = hydrocarbon; NOx = nitrogen oxide; RFG = reformulated gasoline; R = revised.

NOTES
As of July 1 of each year. Vehicle types are defined as follows: light-duty vehicles (passenger cars up to 6,000 lb gross vehicle weight rating GVWR) ; light-duty trucks (pickups and minivans up to 8,500 lb GVWR); heavy-duty vehicles (8,501 lb or more GVWR); motorcycle (on-highway only). The data in this table are based on MOBILE6, and reflect the introduction of RFG starting in 1995. Interested readers can learn more about the MOBILE6 model at the following USEPA Internet site http://www.epa.gov/otaq/m6.htm.
Emissions factors are national averages based on the following assumptions: ambient temperature 75 ºF, daily temperature range 60 -84 ºF, average traffic speed 27.6 mph (representative of overall traffic in urban areas), standard operating mode (cold-start, hot-start, stabilized), vehicle-miles traveled fractions and no inspection/maintenance or antitampering programs.
Emissions estimates in this table assume 100% RFG.
Average emissions per vehicle rates assume a fleet comprised exclusively of reformulated gasoline and diesel vehicles. For emissions estimates of a fleet using gasoline and diesel, see table 4-38.

SOURCE
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, personal communication, Nov. 23, 2009.