Table 4-5: Fuel Consumption by Mode of Transportation in Physical Units
| 1960 | 1965 | 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Air | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Certificated carriersa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jet fuel (million gallons) | 1,954 | 3,889 | 7,857 | 7,558 | 8,519 | 10,115 | 12,212 | 11,360 | 11,598 | 11,960 | 12,501 | 12,812 | 13,187 | 13,658 | 13,303 | 14,491 | 13,904 | 13,112 | 12,287 | 12,417 | 13,380 | 13,284 | 13,019 | 12,999 | 12,469 | 11,147 | 11,056 |
| General aviationb | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aviation gasoline (million gallons) | 242 | 292 | 551 | 412 | 520 | 421 | 353 | 354 | 314 | 268 | 266 | 287 | 289 | 292 | 311 | 345 | 333 | 279 | 277 | 272 | 273 | 295 | 283 | 274 | 248 | 227 | 221 |
| Jet fuel (million gallons) | N | 56 | 208 | 453 | 766 | 691 | 663 | 577 | 494 | 454 | 464 | 560 | 608 | 642 | 815 | 967 | 972 | 918 | 938 | 932 | 1,231 | 1,527 | 1,643 | 1,486 | 1,706 | 1,447 | 1,435 |
| Highway | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gasoline, diesel and other fuels (million gallons) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Light duty vehicle, short wheel base and motorcyclec | 41,171 | 49,723 | 67,879 | 74,253 | 70,186 | 71,700 | 69,759 | 64,501 | 65,627 | 67,246 | 68,079 | 68,268 | 69,419 | 70,094 | 71,901 | 73,495 | 73,275 | 73,752 | 75,662 | 75,646 | 75,604 | 77,608 | 75,230 | 90,052 | 86,079 | (R) 86,140 | 86,666 |
| Light duty vehicle, long wheel basec | N | U | 12,313 | 19,081 | 23,796 | 27,363 | 35,611 | 38,217 | 40,929 | 42,851 | 44,112 | 45,605 | 47,354 | 49,388 | 50,462 | 52,859 | 52,939 | 53,522 | 55,220 | 60,758 | 63,417 | 58,869 | 60,685 | 36,910 | 34,925 | (R) 35,711 | 36,133 |
| Single-unit 2-axle 6-tire or more truck | N | 13,848 | 3,968 | 5,420 | 6,923 | 7,399 | 8,357 | 8,172 | 8,237 | 8,488 | 9,032 | 9,216 | 9,409 | 9,576 | 6,817 | 9,372 | 9,563 | 9,667 | 10,321 | 8,880 | 8,959 | 9,501 | 9,852 | 16,314 | 17,144 | (R) 16,253 | 15,072 |
| Combination truck | N | 6,658 | 7,348 | 9,177 | 13,037 | 14,005 | 16,133 | 16,809 | 17,216 | 17,748 | 18,653 | 19,777 | 20,193 | 20,302 | 25,158 | 24,537 | 25,666 | 25,512 | 26,480 | 23,815 | 24,191 | 27,689 | 28,107 | 30,904 | 30,561 | (R) 28,050 | 29,885 |
| Bus | 827 | 875 | 820 | 1,053 | 1,018 | 834 | 895 | 864 | 878 | 929 | 964 | 968 | 990 | 1,027 | 1,040 | 1,148 | 1,112 | 1,026 | 1,000 | 969 | 1,360 | 1,120 | 1,148 | 2,022 | 2,057 | (R) 1,987 | 1,924 |
| Transit d | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electricity (million kWh) | 2,908 | 2,584 | 2,561 | 2,646 | 2,446 | 4,216 | 4,837 | 4,853 | 4,716 | 4,865 | 5,081 | 5,068 | 4,923 | 4,908 | 4,962 | 5,126 | 5,382 | 5,485 | 5,529 | 5,508 | 5,657 | 5,765 | 5,770 | 6,216 | 6,337 | (R) 6,492 | 6,414 |
| Motor fuel (million gallons) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diesele | 208 | 248 | 271 | 365 | 431 | 609 | 651 | 665 | 685 | 679 | 678 | 678 | 535 | 539 | 560 | 576 | 591 | 596 | 674 | 555 | 544 | 532 | 545 | 537 | 536 | 658 | 633 |
| Gasoline and other nondiesel fuelsf | 192 | 124 | 68 | 8 | 11 | 46 | 34 | 34 | 37 | 46 | 60 | 61 | 25 | 26 | 22 | 21 | 24 | 26 | 35 | 26 | 28 | 29 | 31 | 29 | 31 | 98 | 98 |
| Compressed natural gas | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 1 | 2 | 5 | 11 | 11 | 19 | 29 | 35 | 44 | 53 | 66 | 79 | 87 | 94 | 111 | 108 | 113 | 142 | 126 |
| Rail, Class I (in freight service) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distillate / diesel fuel (million gallons) | 3,463 | 3,592 | 3,545 | 3,657 | 3,904 | 3,110 | 3,115 | 2,906 | 3,005 | 3,088 | 3,334 | 3,480 | 3,579 | 3,575 | 3,583 | 3,715 | 3,700 | 3,710 | 3,730 | 3,826 | 4,059 | 4,098 | 4,192 | 4,062 | 3,886 | 3,192 | 3,494 |
| Amtrak | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electricity (million kWh) | N | N | N | 180 | 254 | 295 | 330 | 303 | 300 | 301 | 309 | 336 | 363 | 390 | 416 | 443 | 470 | 456 | 518 | 537 | 551 | 531 | 549 | 578 | 582 | 565 | 559 |
| Distillate / diesel fuel (million gallons) | N | N | N | 63 | 64 | 65 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 83 | 74 | 72 | 71 | 76 | 76 | 79 | 95 | 97 | 84 | 75 | 69 | 65 | 62 | 62 | 63 | 62 | 63 |
| Water | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residual fuel oil (million gallons) | 3,952 | 3,093 | 3,774 | 4,060 | 8,952 | 4,590 | 6,326 | 6,773 | 6,563 | 5,282 | 5,386 | 5,886 | 5,701 | 5,010 | 5,620 | 5,838 | 6,410 | 5,409 | 4,848 | 3,874 | 4,690 | 5,179 | 5,754 | 6,327 | 5,066 | 4,543 | 4,206 |
| Distillate / diesel fuel oil (million gallons) | 787 | 652 | 819 | 1,098 | 1,478 | 1,699 | 2,065 | 2,046 | 2,219 | 2,155 | 2,189 | 2,339 | 2,491 | 2,574 | 2,595 | 2,419 | 2,261 | 2,044 | 2,079 | 2,217 | 2,140 | 2,006 | 1,903 | 1,924 | 1,187 | 1,266 | 1,343 |
| Gasoline (million gallons) | N | N | 598 | 730 | 1,052 | 1,053 | 1,300 | 1,710 | 1,316 | 874 | 876 | 1,060 | 994 | 987 | 956 | 1,098 | 1,124 | 994 | 1,081 | 1,107 | 1,005 | 1,261 | 1,237 | 1,222 | 1,136 | 1,130 | 1,167 |
| Pipeline | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural gas (million cubic feet) | 347,075 | 500,524 | 722,166 | 582,963 | 634,622 | 503,766 | 659,816 | 601,305 | 587,710 | 624,308 | 685,362 | 700,335 | 711,446 | 751,470 | 635,477 | 645,319 | 642,210 | 624,964 | 666,920 | 591,492 | 566,187 | 584,026 | 584,213 | 621,364 | 647,956 | (R) 670,174 | 668,847 |
KEY: kWh = kilowatt-hour; N = data do not exist; R = revised; U = data are unavailable.
a Domestic operations only.
b Includes fuel used in air taxi operations, but not commuter operations. Data for 1996 are estimated using new information on nonrespondents and are therefore not comparable to earlier years. See the accuracy statement in the appendix for more detailed information.
c Data for 2007-10 were calculated using a new methodology developed by FHWA. Data for these years are based on new categories and are not comparable to previous years. The new category Light duty vehicle, short wheel base includes passenger cars, light trucks, vans and sport utility vehicles with a wheelbase (WB) equal to or less than 121 inches. The new category Light duty vehicle, long wheel base includes large passenger cars, vans, pickup trucks, and sport/utility vehicles with wheelbases (WB) larger than 121 inches. In addition, this edition of table 4-5 is not comparable to previous editions.
d Data from 1997-2009 are not comparable to data before 1997 due to different sources. Prior to 1984, excludes commuter rail, automated guideway, ferryboat, demand responsive vehicles, and most rural and small systems.
e Diesel includes Diesel and Bio-Diesel.
f Gasoline and all other nondiesel fuels include Gasoline, Liquified Petroleum Gas, Liquified Natural Gas, Methane, Ethanol, Bunker Fuel, Kerosene, Grain Additive, and Other Fuel.
SOURCES
Air:
Certificated air carriers:
1960-2010: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Office of Airline Information, Fuel Cost and Consumption, available at http://www.bts.gov/programs/airline_information as of Mar. 8, 2012.
General aviation:
1960-70: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, FAA Statistical Handbook of Aviation - 1972 edition (Washington, DC: 1973), table 9.12.
1975-93: Ibid., General Aviation and Air Taxi Activity Survey (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table 5.1, and similar tables in earlier editions.
1994-2010: Ibid., FAA Aerospace Forecasts Fiscal Years 2011-2031 (Washington, DC: February 2011), tables 23 and 31, and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/aviation_forecasts/ as of Mar. 8, 2012.
Highway:
1960-94: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics, Summary to 1995, FHWA-PL-97-009 (Washington, DC: July 1997), table VM-201A, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hss/hsspubs.cfm as of June 29, 2010.
1995-2010: Ibid., Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table VM-1, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics.cfm as of Mar. 8, 2012.
Transit:
Electricity / motor fuel / compressed natural gas:
1960-96: American Public Transportation Association, 2009 Public Transportation Fact Book (Washington, DC: June 2009), tables 26, 27, 28 and similar tables in earlier editions.
1997-2010: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, National Transportation Database, table 17 and similar tables in previous years, available at www.ntdprogram.gov as of Mar. 8, 2012.
Rail:
1960-2010: Association of American Railroads, Railroad Facts (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), p. 40.
Amtrak:
1975-2010: National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak), Energy Management Department and Government Affairs Department, personal communication, Apr. 27, 2011.
Water:
Residual and distillate / diesel fuel oil:
1960-80: American Petroleum Institute, Basic Petroleum Data Book (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), tables 10, 10a, 12, and 12a.
1985-2010 U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), available at http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/fuel_oil_and_kerosene_sales/foks.html as of Mar. 9, 2012.
Gasoline:
1970-2010: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Highway Statistics (Washington, DC: Annual Issues), table MF-24 and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohpi/hss/hsspubs.cfm as of Mar. 8, 2012.
Pipeline:
1960-2010: U.S. Department of Energy, Natural Gas Annual 2009, DOE/EIA-0131(04) (Washington, DC: December 2010), table 15 and similar tables in earlier editions, available at http://www.eia.doe.gov/natural_gas/data_publications/natural_gas_annual/nga.html as of Mar. 8, 2012.