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Table 2-38: Reports of Violent Crime, Property Crime, and Arrests by Transit Mode

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Reported Offenses, Violent Crime

	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Homicidea	19	20	19	51	21	12	16	0	4	1	1	2	4	9	9	14
Motor bus	8	9	6	40	7	7	8	0	2	0	1	0	4	3	4	6
Commuter rail	1	1	4	1	3	1	2	0	1	0	0	2	0	0	0	0
Demand responsive	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heavy rail	8	9	8	6	11	4	4	0	1	1	0	0	0	4	4	7
Light rail	2	1	1	4	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	1
Otherb	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Forcible rapec	29	38	31	47	27	37	37	65	25	24	23	5	1	4	3	6
Motor bus	11	13	10	16	14	10	7	40	2	7	11	1	0	1	0	2
Commuter rail	5	4	7	1	3	3	5	1	3	0	2	0	0	1	0	0
Demand responsive	0	0	2	4	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heavy rail	13	19	8	24	8	20	9	20	15	12	4	3	0	2	1	2
Light rail	0	2	4	2	0	4	2	4	5	4	6	1	1	0	2	2
Otherb	0	0	0	0	1	0	13	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Robberyd	2,811	4,563	4,760	3,684	3,789	3,480	3,308	1,641	1,408	1,561	1,656	2,222	2,634	2,799	2,849	2,077
Motor bus	909	871	870	605	764	916	953	386	369	476	535	730	800	882	915	611
Commuter rail	181	242	187	133	183	144	144	89	29	44	107	126	110	91	92	76
Demand responsive	1	3	0	1	3	4	4	7	1	0	2	14	1	5	4	1
Heavy rail	1,490	3,164	3,394	2,686	2,588	2,174	1,966	864	762	676	630	861	1,196	1,239	1,302	1,000
Light rail	181	238	222	220	200	213	217	287	236	353	377	463	486	554	512	352
Otherb	49	45	87	39	51	29	24	8	11	12	5	28	41	28	24	37
Aggravated assaulte	2,701	3,084	3,105	2,314	2,448	2,217	2,286	2,560	1,638	1,330	1,332	1,768	2,066	310	300	0
Motor bus	1,941	1,677	1,294	1,186	1,268	1,070	1,146	1,383	957	774	760	1,007	1,263	205	192	0
Commuter rail	133	69	92	80	97	58	109	102	33	78	115	172	107	3	4	0
Demand responsive	6	13	13	13	14	16	8	24	4	3	6	19	11	0	0	0
Heavy rail	437	1,074	1,051	837	903	839	786	815	395	279	249	334	421	60	68	0
Light rail	157	199	143	170	135	208	187	227	220	184	177	217	235	35	33	0
Otherb	27	52	512	28	31	26	50	9	29	12	25	19	29	7	3	0

Reported Offenses, Property Crime

	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Theftf	10,596	13,238	14,486	11,830	12,896	13,393	13,636	12,843	8,146	7,847	6,007	6,409	7,943	8,446	9,267	5,959
Motor bus	2,738	3,408	2,920	2,327	2,487	2,548	2,826	2,631	1,846	1,787	1,593	1,520	1,560	1,996	2,236	1,587
Commuter rail	2,238	2,262	2,345	2,021	1,872	2,139	2,001	1,912	563	730	1,224	1,449	1,293	1,255	1,078	1,001
Demand responsive	2	8	40	15	4	19	5	42	8	4	2	13	1	9	8	8
Heavy rail	4,625	6,794	8,321	6,807	7,789	7,856	7,807	7,158	4,802	4,396	2,204	2,527	4,121	4,053	4,695	2,504
Light rail	451	609	479	496	530	724	706	1,055	877	915	856	847	919	1,108	1,202	810
Otherb	542	157	381	164	214	107	291	45	50	15	128	53	49	25	48	49
Vehicle theftg	2,182	2,261	2,276	2,225	1,876	2,112	1,909	2,117	1,800	1,584	1,361	1,051	1,756	1,442	1,008	547
Motor bus	263	306	198	208	198	169	213	222	149	169	382	229	206	172	125	141
Commuter rail	253	125	262	470	272	367	308	152	67	63	54	126	84	78	38	20
Demand responsive	0	1	3	9	28	6	6	5	3	1	0	8	0	5	0	3
Heavy rail	1,536	1,694	1,630	1,234	1,203	1,285	1,143	1,426	1,267	966	490	388	1,140	902	583	140
Light rail	128	135	179	273	156	279	226	310	306	385	434	298	322	277	254	240
Otherb	2	0	4	31	19	6	13	2	8	0	1	2	4	8	8	3
Burglaryh	1,759	1,650	1,757	491	415	563	625	467	429	601	393	681	2,947	1,338	1,278	1,289
Motor bus	156	104	94	75	86	142	120	95	79	160	142	100	2,125	76	63	27
Commuter rail	178	177	260	217	170	191	188	78	83	96	112	154	94	71	45	25
Demand responsive	2	0	4	3	1	6	2	2	2	1	1	1	1	0	1	0
Heavy rail	1,367	1,278	1,343	110	91	82	119	95	53	40	25	54	525	1,005	1,045	266
Light rail	43	78	48	70	42	131	180	197	212	303	105	367	195	182	123	970
Otherb	13	13	8	16	25	11	16	0	0	1	8	5	7	4	1	1
Arsoni	63	96	75	60	53	50	44	23	23	42	27	26	26	0	1	0
Motor bus	29	67	33	21	15	24	12	8	9	23	11	13	8	0	1	0
Commuter rail	14	1	21	10	12	6	9	8	3	2	2	1	3	0	0	0
Demand responsive	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Heavy rail	14	22	16	27	20	16	15	4	10	7	2	5	8	0	0	0
Light rail	6	6	5	2	6	4	8	0	1	10	12	6	5	0	0	0
Otherb	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0

Reported Offenses, Arrests

	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Other assaultsj	2,991	3,088	2,697	2,787	2,641	2,799	2,441	1,589	1,752	1,546	1,530	2,141	2,266	2,748	2,702	2,139
Motor bus	1,896	1,571	1,439	1,400	1,217	1,159	1,024	715	800	710	703	1,023	954	1,209	1,152	1,065
Commuter rail	144	106	140	122	164	142	156	72	37	136	181	196	245	217	221	229
Demand responsive	4	0	16	3	4	3	6	12	2	3	3	29	47	38	28	6
Heavy rail	645	932	881	898	888	1,085	999	662	750	572	462	630	708	860	852	502
Light rail	181	330	195	282	269	354	204	101	153	107	164	214	248	344	376	317
Otherb	121	149	26	82	99	56	52	27	10	18	17	49	64	80	73	20
Vandalismk	17,228	8,627	9,539	6,571	6,895	7,312	2,971	1,130	953	994	1,298	1,748	1,751	1,493	1,184	843
Motor bus	13,343	6,167	5,262	3,656	4,178	4,579	1,410	523	456	429	568	589	673	701	560	416
Commuter rail	1,071	309	659	778	507	264	293	145	9	122	276	507	371	252	82	112
Demand responsive	12	17	8	10	16	7	9	7	2	0	5	5	3	6	0	3
Heavy rail	1,157	1,339	1,128	1,067	1,222	1,200	984	190	220	201	209	213	327	257	279	101
Light rail	1,505	609	2,084	947	892	1,215	246	256	246	235	233	408	346	250	238	179
Otherb	140	186	398	113	80	47	29	9	20	7	7	26	31	27	25	32
Sex offensesl	664	803	1,047	962	1,009	844	798	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Motor bus	242	260	363	258	321	220	178	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Commuter rail	100	41	82	91	85	84	80	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Demand responsive	5	0	6	2	5	1	3	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Heavy rail	249	430	517	541	515	477	474	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Light rail	59	71	79	68	80	58	60	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Otherb	9	1	0	2	3	4	3	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Drug abuse violationsm	2,578	3,944	4,355	3,792	4,131	4,083	4,339	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Motor bus	1,037	2,122	1,970	1,414	1,705	1,443	1,179	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Commuter rail	303	393	477	495	303	196	389	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Demand responsive	1	0	15	21	8	1	2	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Heavy rail	1,078	1,130	1,530	1,550	1,606	1,915	2,015	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Light rail	151	298	336	271	501	520	739	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Otherb	8	1	27	41	8	8	15	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Driving under the influencen	466	129	205	176	204	194	284	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Motor bus	91	82	101	101	132	67	156	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Commuter rail	26	21	22	21	12	44	26	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Demand responsive	0	0	1	4	0	0	1	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Heavy rail	52	8	22	21	42	39	57	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Light rail	292	16	31	21	15	33	22	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Otherb	5	2	28	8	3	11	22	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Drunkennesso	10,479	6,921	8,632	12,643	11,487	6,087	8,033	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Motor bus	6,457	3,936	5,346	3,046	3,609	3,337	4,693	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Commuter rail	71	23	226	156	112	170	108	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Demand responsive	2	2	46	34	2	1	4	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Heavy rail	1,511	1,617	1,601	7,340	5,831	1,240	1,308	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Light rail	2,255	1,305	1,258	1,844	1,913	1,316	1,598	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Otherb	183	38	155	223	20	23	322	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Disorderly conductp	22,206	26,178	25,325	15,897	15,971	27,314	32,569	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Motor bus	4,681	5,025	6,978	4,521	5,471	3,745	3,253	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Commuter rail	810	1,085	1,399	1,525	797	706	607	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Demand responsive	5	8	47	5	5	6	2	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Heavy rail	15,258	19,183	15,309	8,227	7,856	21,087	27,626	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Light rail	1,164	800	1,177	1,408	1,767	1,737	1,046	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Otherb	288	77	415	211	75	33	35	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Trespassingq	3,362	3,497	7,444	6,049	3,670	4,303	4,597	2,278	4,126	3,162	3,220	4,503	4,919	6,402	6,296	4,863
Motor bus	928	604	1,225	1,283	1,065	1,329	1,040	937	1,262	1,115	1,138	1,392	1,290	1,951	2,312	1,941
Commuter rail	845	674	4,150	2,850	1,080	709	1,034	475	270	664	730	1,033	1,150	1,271	601	606
Demand responsive	0	0	2	2	0	0	0	13	2	1	12	36	6	30	46	55
Heavy rail	1,155	1,208	1,398	1,254	1,044	1,267	1,228	483	616	663	634	853	1,058	1,305	1,184	663
Light rail	400	653	463	443	436	985	1,278	349	1,951	699	677	1,151	1,376	1,823	2,106	1,562
Otherb	34	358	206	217	45	13	17	21	25	20	29	38	39	22	47	36
Fare evasionr	33,903	47,873	53,406	58,856	55,194	53,863	47,258	74,385	69,950	103,156	129,590	126,092	135,602	197,819	249,004	167,746
Motor bus	3,172	2,372	1,819	1,694	2,388	591	847	3,089	7,427	10,270	21,787	4,372	5,181	8,869	8,832	10,950
Commuter rail	140	334	310	204	167	179	566	3,849	3,873	73	194	11,768	346	2,759	1,323	309
Demand responsive	1	1	2	5	1	3	5	201	1	43	2	448	5	1	1	5
Heavy rail	8,247	39,957	46,106	40,350	35,033	28,933	24,852	20,469	16,459	25,775	15,901	12,611	21,666	20,754	32,082	24,684
Light rail	22,212	1,185	912	12,798	17,320	24,124	20,945	46,766	42,187	66,991	91,701	96,868	108,388	165,428	206,750	131,791
Otherb	131	4,024	4,257	3,805	285	33	43	11	3	4	5	25	16	8	16	7
Curfew and loitering lawss	1,878	872	1,960	1,161	3,022	3,630	3,391	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Motor bus	1,201	241	1,112	291	495	469	403	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Commuter rail	19	27	223	72	172	329	330	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Demand responsive	0	1	5	0	0	0	0	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Heavy rail	462	493	530	680	1,789	2,324	2,396	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Light rail	161	95	80	106	509	498	251	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
Otherb	35	15	10	12	57	10	11	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N

KEY: N = data do not exist.

^a The killing of one or more human beings by another. This includes murder, non-negligent manslaughter, and manslaughter by negligence.

^b Other transit mode includes automated guideway, cable car, ferryboat, trolleybus, vanpool, monorail, inclined plane, and starting in 2001, the Alaska Railroad.

^c The carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. This includes assault to rape or attempt to rape. Beginning in 2006 a higher threshold was required for an incident to be recorded, this led to a significant decrease compared to previous years.

^d The taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear. The use or threat of force includes firearms, knives or cutting instruments, other dangerous weapons (clubs, acid, explosives), and strong-arm techniques (hands, fists, feet).

^e An unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury. This type of assault usually is accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm.

^f The unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another. This includes pocket-picking, purse-snatching, shoplifting, thefts from motor vehicles, thefts of motor vehicle parts and accessories, theft of bicycles, theft from buildings, theft from coin-operated devices or machines, and all other theft not specifically classified.

^g The theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle. A motor vehicle is a self-propelled vehicle that runs on the surface of land and not on rails. Examples of motor vehicles are automobiles, trucks, buses, motor cycles, and motor scooters.

^h The unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or a theft. This includes offenses known locally as burglary (any degree), unlawful entry with intent to commit a larceny or felony, breaking and entering with intent to commit a larceny, housebreaking, safe-cracking, and all attempts at these offenses.

ⁱ To unlawfully and intentionally damage, or attempt to damage, any real or personal property by fire or incendiary device.

^j An unlawful attack or attempt by one person upon another where no weapon was used or which did not result in serious or aggravated injury to the victim. This includes simple assault, minor assault, assault and battery, injury by culpable negligence, intimidation, coercion, hazing, and all attempts to commit these offenses.

^k The willful or malicious destruction, injury, disfigurement, or defacement of any public or private property, real or personal, without consent of the owner or person having custody or control by cutting, tearing, breaking, marking, painting, drawing, covering with filth, or any other such means as may be specified by local law.

^l Any sexual acts except forcible rape, prostitution, and commercialized vice. This includes offenses against chastity, common decency, morals, and the like, such as: adultery and fornication, buggery, incest, indecent exposure, indecent liberties, seduction, sodomy or crime against nature, statutory rape (no force), and all attempts to commit any of the above.

^m Arrests requested based on the narcotics used. This includes all arrests for violations of state and local laws, specifically those relating to the unlawful possession, sale, use, growing, manufacturing, and making of narcotic drugs.

ⁿ The driving or operating of any vehicle or common carrier while drunk or under the influence of liquor or narcotics.

^o Arrests for all offenses of drunkenness, which is the consumption of alcoholic beverages to the extent that one's mental faculties and physical coordination are substantially impaired. This includes drunkenness, drunk and disorderly, common or habitual drunkard, and intoxication.

^p All charges of committing a breach of the peace. This includes, affray; unlawful assembly; disturbing the peace; disturbing meetings; disorderly conduct in state institutions, at court, at fairs, on trains or public conveyances, etc.; blasphemy, profanity, and obscene language; desecrating the flag; refusing to assist an officer; and all attempts to commit any of the above.

^q To unlawfully enter land, a dwelling, or other real property.

^r The unlawful use of transit facilities by riding without paying the applicable fare.

^s All arrests for violations of local curfew or loitering ordinances where such laws exist.

NOTES

Data are from transit agencies in urbanized areas over 200,000 population and include patrons, employees, and others.

The figures for violent and property crime follow the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Handbook (Washington, DC: 1984) and are based on records of calls for service, complaints, and/or investigations. These figures are for reported offenses and do not reflect the findings of a court, coroner, jury, or decision of a prosecutor.

Security data was first reported to the Federal Transit Administration in 1995 and was not compiled for earlier years.

Beginning in 2002, data are no longer collected for the following offenses: Sex offenses, Drug abuse violations, Driving under the influence, Drunkenness, Disorderly conduct, and Curfew and loitering laws.

Analysts for the FTA believe the change in reporting requirements in 2002 may have resulted in unreliable data in that year. The reliability of reporting is believed to be much better in 2003 and is expected to improve in the future.

An Aggravated Assault, Robbery or Theft has the potential to be either a reportable incident or a Safety and Security Monthly Summary incident, only the incidents meeting the thresholds are reported on the Reportable Incident form (S&S-40) e.g., injuries requiring immediate medical attention away from the scene for one or more persons. Prior to 2008, these Part I offenses were reported on occurrence, thus there were higher report totals for previous years.

Prior to 2010, an unconfirmed injury had the potential of resulting into reports of Aggravated assault. In the 2010 manual clarification was made in the definition, arrests/citations with no reportable injuries now results in Other assaults category. The distinction was clarified in the 2010 Safety and Security reporting manual.

SOURCES

1995-2001: U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, National Transit Database, available at http://www.ntdprogram.gov/ntdprogram as of May 6, 2003, tables 25-27 and similar tables in earlier editions.

2002-05: Ibid., personal communications June 14, 2007.

2006-10: Federal Transit Administration, Office of Safety and Security, personal communication, Oct. 1, 2009, and May 11, 2011.