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References

Modules

Administration

Revisions to the Voluntary Protection Programs To Provide Safe and Healthful Working Conditions. OSHA Federal Register Notice 65:45649-45663, (2000, July 24).
Injury and Illness Prevention Programs. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
Guidelines for Protecting the Safety and Health of Health Care Workers. US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 88-119, (1988, September).
Carbonless Copy Paper. US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-107, (2000, December). Reviews current scientific information on health effects associated with occupational exposure to carbonless copy paper and recommends ways to reduce or eliminate symptoms.
Computer Workstations. OSHA eTool.
- Checklist. Helps identify, analyze and control musculoskeletal disorders in computer workstation tasks.
Injury and Illness Recordkeeping. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
29 CFR 1904, Recording and reporting occupational injuries and illness. OSHA Standard.

Central

Ethylene Oxide. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Workplace Safety and Health Topic.
Ethylene Oxide. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
Ergonomics. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.

Dietary

Concepts and Techniques of Machine Guarding. OSHA Publication 3067, (1992).
What should employers do to protect workers from fire hazards? OSHA Fact Sheet. Also available as a 55 KB PDF, 2 pages.
29 CFR 1910 Subpart O, Machinery and machine guarding.
- 1910.212, General requirements for all machines. OSHA Standard.
Machine Guarding. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
Construction. OSHA eTool.
- Electrical Incidents
Preventing Electrocution of Workers in Fast Food Restaurants. US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 85-104, (1984, December).
Preventing Electrocutions Due to Damaged Receptacles and Connectors. US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 87-100, (1986, October).

Engineering

Machine Guarding. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
Concepts and Techniques of Machine Guarding. OSHA Publication 3067, (1992).
29 CFR 1910 Subpart O, Machinery and machine guarding.
- 1910.212, General requirements for all machines. OSHA Standard.
Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout). OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
Lockout/Tagout Interactive Training Program. OSHA eTool.
Small Business Handbook. OSHA Publication 2209-02R, (2005). Also available as a 588 KB PDF, 56 pages.
- Lockout/Tagout Procedures
- Electrical
Asbestos. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
Asbestos Bibliography (Revised). US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-162, (1997, September).
Asbestos [62 KB PDF^*, 2 pages]. OSHA Fact Sheet, (2002). A 67 KB PDF^* (Spanish version) is also available.
Welding Health Hazards. OSHA, (1996, May).
Welding, Cutting, and Brazing. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Welding Fumes. OSHA.
Occupational Heat Exposure. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
OSHA Technical Manual (OTM). OSHA Directive TED 01-00-015 [TED 1-0.15A], (1999, January 20).

Heat Stress
- Heat Stress: General Workplace Review
- Heat Stress-Related Illness or Accident Follow-up. Lists factors to be evaluated when reviewing a heat stress situation.

Healthcare Wide Hazards

Ergonomics
- Ergonomics. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
  - Guidelines
- OSHA Technical Manual (OTM). OSHA Directive TED 01-00-015 [TED 1-0.15A], (1999, January 20).
  - Back Disorders and Injuries
    - Evaluation of Lifting Tasks: NIOSH Work Practice Guide for Manual Lifting. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Work Practice Guide for Manual Lifting VII 1-2.
- Back Belts -- Do they Prevent Injury? US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-127, (1996, October).
Bloodborne Pathogens
- Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Informs patients and healthcare personnel and provides resources to move healthcare systems toward elimination of HAIs.
  - Tools for Protecting Healthcare Personnel. Provides information on how to select and use personal protective equipment PPE to protect themselves from exposure to microbiological hazards in the healthcare setting.
  - Guidelines and Recommendations. Preventing the transmission of infectious diseases to healthcare personnel is an important aspect within infection control. CDC recommends preventing such transmissions by incorporating effective prevention methods and exposure management techniques.
  - Diseases and Organisms in Healthcare Settings. List of diseases and organisms.
  - The Burden. In 2002, the estimated number of HAIs in U.S. hospitals, adjusted to include federal facilities, was approximately 1.7 million: 33,269 HAIs among newborns in high-risk nurseries; 19,059 among newborns in well-baby nurseries; 417,946 among adults and children in intensive care units (ICUs); and 1,266,851 among adults and children outside of ICUs.
- Sharps Safety for Healthcare Settings. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Provides resources of use to healthcare personnel.
  - About the Workbook for Designing, Implementing and Evaluating a Sharps Injury Prevention Program. Designed for Infection Control & Occupational Health Personnel, Hospital Administrators, and Sharps Injury Prevention Committees.
  - Exposure to Blood - What Healthcare Personnel Need to Know [363 KB PDF, 10 pages]. (2003, July). Describes important factors that may determine the overall risk for occupational transmission of a bloodborne pathogens include the number of infected individuals in the patient population, the chance of becoming infected after a single blood contact from an infected patient, and the type and number of blood contacts.
- Bloodborne Infectious Diseases: HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Workplace Safety and Health Topic. Examines risk for occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z, Toxic and hazardous substances.
  - 1910.1030, Bloodborne pathogens. OSHA Standard.
- Immunization of Health-Care Workers: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 46(RR-18);1-42, (1997, December 26).
- Model Plans and Programs for the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens and Hazard Communications Standards. OSHA Publication 3186-06N, (2003). Also available as a 521 KB PDF, 29 pages.
- Potential for Sensitization and Possible Allergic Reaction To Natural Rubber Latex Gloves and other Natural Rubber Products. OSHA Safety and Health Information Bulletin (SHIB), (2008, January 28).
- Preventing Needlestick Injuries in Health Care Settings. US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 2000-108, (1999, November).
- Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Health-Care Worker Exposures to HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 47(RR-7);1-28, (1998, May 15).
- Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection and HCV-Related Chronic Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 47(RR-19);1-39, (1998, October 16).
- Perspectives in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Update: Universal Precautions for Prevention of Transmissions of HIV, HBV and Other Bloodborne Pathogens in Health-Care Settings. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports (MMWR) 37(24);377-388, (1988, June 24).
Tuberculosis
- Tuberculosis (TB). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Provides news and updates on latest tuberculosis prevention and control programs.
  - Fact Sheets. Provides fact sheets on Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis, trends in TB, respiratory protection in healthcare settings, infection control, general information, latent tuberculosis, and others.
  - Education and Training. Provides publications, pamphlets, videos, web-based courses, CD-ROMs, posters, reports, guides and other resources.
- Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health-Care Settings, 2005. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 54(RR17);1-141, (2005, December 30). Updates TB control recommendations reflecting shifts in the epidemiology of TB, advances in scientific understanding, and changes in health-care practice that have occurred in the United States during the preceding decade.
- Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Health Care Facilities, 1994. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 43(RR13);1-132, (1994, October 28).
- Enforcement Procedures and Scheduling for Occupational Exposure to Tuberculosis. OSHA Directive CPL 02-00-106 [CPL 2.106], (1996, February 9).
- Essential Components of a Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Program Program Recommendations of the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 44(RR11);1-16, (1995, September 8).
- Occupational Exposure to Tuberculosis 1910.1035; Proposed Rule. OSHA Federal Register Final Rules 62:54159-54309, (1997, October 17).
- 29 CFR 1910 Subpart I, Personal protective equipment.
  - 1910.134, Respiratory protection. OSHA Standard.
- Prevention and Control of Tuberculosis in Facilities Providing Long-Term Care to the Elderly Recommendations of the Advisory Committee for Elimination of Tuberculosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 39(RR10);7-20, (1990, July 13).
- Prevention and Treatment of Tuberculosis Among Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Principles of Therapy and Revised Recommendations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 47(RR20);1-51, (1998, October 30).
- TB Respiratory Protection Program in Health Care Facilities - Administrator's Guide. US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 99-143, (1999). Also available as a 808 KB PDF, 120 pages.
Workplace Violence
- Guidelines for Preventing Workplace Violence for Health Care & Social Service Workers. OSHA Publication 3148-01R, (2004). Also available as a 624 KB PDF, 47 pages.
- Workplace Violence. OSHA Training and Reference Materials Library.
- Position Statement: Violence in the Workplace [392 KB PDF, 6 pages]. Registered Nurses' Association of Nova Scotia, (2007).

Housekeeping

29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z, Toxic and hazardous substances.
- 1910.1030, Bloodborne pathogens. OSHA Standard.
  - 1910.1030(d)(4), Housekeeping.
- 1910.1200, Hazard communication. OSHA Standard.
Potential Infection Problem With Medical Devices Rented or Leased by Health Care Facilities. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safety Notice, (1997, April 17).

Laundry

Occupational Heat Exposure. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
OSHA Technical Manual (OTM). OSHA Directive TED 01-00-015 [TED 1-0.15A], (1999, January 20).
- Heat Stress
  - Heat Stress: General Workplace Review
  - Heat Stress-Related Illness or Accident Follow-up. Lists factors to be evaluated when reviewing a heat stress situation.
29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z, Toxic and hazardous substances.
- 1910.1030, Bloodborne pathogens. OSHA Standard.

Pharmacy

Hazard Communication. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
Frequently Asked Questions: Hazard Communication (HAZCOM). OSHA.
- How does the HAZCOM apply to pharmaceutical drugs?
OSHA Technical Manual (OTM). OSHA Directive TED 01-00-015 [TED 1-0.15A], (1999, January 20).
- Controlling Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Drugs

Surgical

Waste Anesthetic Gases. OSHA Safety and Health Topics Page.
Anesthetic Gases: Guidelines for Workplace Exposures. OSHA, (2000, May 18). Provides guidelines and controls to help reduce occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gases.
Controlling Exposures to Nitrous Oxide During Anesthetic Administration. US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-100, (1994). Presents control measures for preventing or greatly reducing exposure to nitrous oxide (N₂O) during the administration of anesthetic gas.

OSHA Technical Manual

OSHA Technical Manual (OTM). OSHA Directive TED 01-00-015 [TED 1-0.15A], (1999, January 20). Provides technical information and guidance on occupational safety and health topics. The purpose of the manual is to assist OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers in hazard recognition and to provide guidance in accident prevention.

Accessibility Assistance: Contact the OSHA Directorate of Technical Support and Emergency Management at (202) 693-2300 for assistance accessing PDF materials.

^*These files are provided for downloading.

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