Typhoid Fever

Additional Information

MMWR Articles

• Epidemic Typhoid Fever -- Dushanbe , Tajikistan , 1997 September 18, 1998/Vol.47/No. 36[PDF 299 KB]
• Typhoid Immunizations -- MMWR Recommendations and Reports / December 16, 1994

Links

• CDC Safe Water System
• CDC Travelers' Health

References

• Lynch MF, Blanton EM, Bulens S, et al. Typhoid Fever in the United States, 1999-2006. JAMA 2009;302(8): 859-865.
• CDC. Summary of notifiable diseases – United States, 2006.  MMWR 2008;55(53):17-94.
• Steinberg EB, Bishop RB, Dempsey AF, Hoekstra RM, Nelson JM, Ackers M, Calugar A, Mintz ED. Typhoid fever in travelers: who should be targeted for prevention? Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:186-191.
• Crump JA, Luby SP, Mintz ED. The global burden of typhoid fever. Bull World Health Organ 2004;84:346-353.
• Olsen SJ, Bleasdale SC, Magnano AR, et al. Outbreaks of typhoid fever in the United States, 1960-1999. Epidemiol Infect 2003;130:13-21.
• Ackers M, Puhr N, Tauxe R, Mintz E. Laboratory-based surveillance of Salmonella Typhi infections in the United States: antimicrobial resistance on the rise. JAMA 2000; 283: 2668-2673.
• Mermin JH, Villar R, Carpenter C, et al. A massive epidemic of multidrug-resistant typhoid fever in Tajikistan associated with consumption of municipal water. J Infect Dis 1999; 179: 1416-1422.
• Mermin JH, Townes JM, Gerber M, et al. Typhoid fever in the United States, 1985-1994: changing risks of international travel and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Arch Intern Med 1998; 158: 633-638.
• CDC. Typhoid immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR 1994; 43 (No. RR-14).