Contents
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Entire Document
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2005-147.pdf
(1731KB; 289 pgs) |
Introduction |
2005-147Intro.pdf
(133KB; 16 pgs) |
Section I:
The Minority Farm Operator Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey
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2005-147Sec1.pdf
(147KB; 14 pgs) |
Section II: National
Demographic, Injury, and Asthma Estimates for Youth Less Than
20 Years of Age on Racial Minority Farm Operations
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2005-147Sec2.pdf
(430KB; 69 pgs) |
Section III: National Demographic,
Injury, and Asthma Estimates for Youth Less Than 20 Years of
Age on Black Farm Operations |
2005-147Sec3.pdf
(335KB; 48 pgs) |
Section IV: National Demographic,
Injury, and Asthma Estimates for Youth Less Than 20 Years of
Age on Native American Farm Operations |
2005-147Sec4.pdf
(384KB; 62 pgs) |
Section V: National Demographic,
Injury, and Asthma Estimates for Youth Less Than 20 Years of
Age on Asian Farm Operations |
2005-147Sec5.pdf
(261KB; 28 pgs) |
Section VI: National Demographic,
Injury, and Asthma Estimates for Youth Less Than 20 Years
of Age on “Other Race” Farm Operations |
2005-147Sec6.pdf
(217KB; 22 pgs) |
Appendix A: Bibliography
of NIOSH Childhood Agricultural Injury Articles and Documents |
2005-147AppA.pdf
(32KB; 8 pgs) |
Appendix B: Minority Farm
Operator Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey Questionnaire |
2005-147AppB.pdf
(179KB; 16 pgs) |
Appendix C: Definitions Used
for the Racial Minority Farm Operator Childhood Agricultural
Injury Survey |
2005-147AppC.pdf
(19KB; 4 pgs) |
Appendix D: Sampling Estimators
Used for the Racial Minority Farm Operator Childhood Agricultural
Injury Survey |
2005-147AppD.pdf
(43KB; 5 pgs) |
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Foreword
In 1996, NIOSH began the Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention
Initiative to prevent farmrelated injuries to the millions of youth
less than 20 years of age who are exposed to agricultural hazards
each year. Youth on farms may be exposed to a wide range of work
and non-work-related hazards, including falls, all-terrain vehicles
(ATVs), and animals. As a place of work and a place of residence,
the farm presents unique challenges for injury prevention.
The NIOSH initiative is based on a comprehensive program of surveillance,
research, and
partnerships. In keeping with the breadth of the Initiative, the
following document presents national data for non-fatal youth injuries on racial minority farms
for 2000. These data, drawn from a special survey of minority farm
operators across the U.S., indicate that 531 youth were injured
on racial minority farms during 2000. The causes of these injuries
included falls, animals, and vehicles such as ATVs. This document,
which is the first in a series of four documents, fills a current
data need by providing national demographic information on youth
exposed to these hazards on minority farm operations.
This document is an important step in understanding the magnitude
of youth injuries occurring on racial minority-operated farms in
the U.S. We hope this information will serve as a valuable resource
to federal, state and local agencies; health and safety professionals;
and farm safety advocates in their efforts to develop focused and
coordinated strategies to prevent youth injuries on farms.
John Howard, M.D.
Director
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Acknowledgements
The authors are indebted to Doug Kleweno, Kevin Barnes, Montie
Tesky, Joe Samson, and Gail Gregory of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA), National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) for their
invaluable assistance in the survey design, data collection, data
entry, and review of this work; all of the NASS State cooperators
who collected these data; Cheryl Paul of the Constella Group for
her efforts in completing the layout of the document; and Patricia
Ulakovic of NIOSH for her assistance in printing this document.
Public Health Summary
What is the purpose of this document?
This document provides previously unavailable youth demographic,
injury and asthma estimates at the national level for youth on racial
minority operated farms in the U.S. A racial minority is defined
as any person who is Black, Native American, Asian, or who are of
“other” races. These data represent the initial step
in developing research and prevention programs to reduce the burden
of injury and asthma on racial minority farms in the U.S.
What are the hazards?
According to data from the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, there were an
estimated 531 youth less than 20 years of age injured on racial
minority farm operations in the U.S. in 2000. Major causes of these
injuries included contact with objects and falls. In addition, there
were an estimated 2,506 youth with asthma living on these farms.
The injury and asthma estimates reported here should be considered
conservative because of the potential for recall and other reporting
biases in the survey.
How are youth exposed or put at risk?
Exposures to farm hazards are not limited to youth who work on farms.
In addition to injuries sustained during work activities, youth
may be injured while living on farms, while visiting farms, or when
they accompany their working parents or adults into the fields.
The farm environment also contains many known triggers for asthma.
The injury and asthma hazards these youth encounter may be work
or non-work in nature, and make the farm a unique environment for
developing prevention strategies.
What recommendations have the federal government made to
protect the health of farm youth?
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) and its amendments set
standards for child labor in agriculture. However, the FLSA covers
only employees whose work involves production of agricultural goods
which will leave the state through interstate commerce. In addition,
FLSA regulations do not apply to youth working for their parents
or guardian(s) on the family’s farm. Youth who work on farms
are often not protected by workplace safety and health regulations
from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) because
these youth frequently work for small operations that are not inspected
by OSHA, or because OSHA regulations do not apply to the farm household
members. For all youth on farms, there are no protections for injuries
from hazards associated with non-work activities, which often expose
them to the same hazards as work activities. Given the limited protections
for youth on farms, there is a need for states and communities to
develop and implement programs to reduce childhood agricultural
injuries.
Where can more information be found?
Additional NIOSH documents and information on childhood agricultural
injuries or other related topics may be obtained by calling the
NIOSH toll-free number (1-800-35-NIOSH; 1-800-356-4674) or visiting
the NIOSH homepage http://www.cdc.gov/niosh.
Disclaimer
Mention of the name of any company or product does not constitute
endorsement by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. In addition,
citations to Web sites do not constitute NIOSH endorsement of the
sponsoring organizations or their programs or products. Furthermore,
NIOSH is not responsible for the content of these Web sites.
This document is in the public domain and may be freely copied
or reprinted.
To receive documents or other information about occupational safety
and health topics, contact NIOSH at:
Publications Dissemination, EID
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998
Telephone: 1-800-35-NIOSH (1-800-356-4674)
Fax: 1-513-533-8573
E-mail: pubstaft@cdc.gov
or visit the NIOSH Web site at http://www.cdc.gov/niosh
DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2005-147
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