Brief Description
Built at the end of the 16th century on a plan in the form of a grill, the instrument of the martyrdom of St Lawrence, the Escurial Monastery stands in an exceptionally beautiful site in Castile. Its austere architecture, a break with previous styles, had a considerable influence on Spanish architecture for more than half a century. It was the retreat of a mystic king and became, in the last years of Philip II's reign, the centre of the greatest political power of the time.
Built at the end of the 16th century on a plan in the form of a grill, the instrument of the martyrdom of St Lawrence, the Escurial Monastery stands in an exceptionally beautiful site in Castile. Its austere architecture, a break with previous styles, had a considerable influence on Spanish architecture for more than half a century. It was the retreat of a mystic king and became, in the last years of Philip II's reign, the centre of the greatest political power of the time.
Monastère et site de l'Escurial (Madrid)
Construit à la fin du XVIe siècle sur un plan reproduisant la forme d'un gril, instrument du martyre de saint Laurent, le monastère de l'Escurial s'élève dans un site de Castille d'une exceptionnelle beauté. Rompant par sa sobriété avec le style qui prévalait alors, son architecture exerça une influence considérable en Espagne pendant près d'un demi-siècle. Retraite d'un roi mystique, l'Escurial fut, pendant les dernières années du règne de Philippe II, le centre du plus grand pouvoir politique d'alors.
دير الإسكوريال وموقعه (مدريد)
شيّد دير الإسكوريال نهاية القرن السادس عشر بناءً على خطة تعكس شكل الأداة المستخدمة لتعذيب القديس لوران والمؤدية إلى استشهاده. ويقوم الإسكوريال في موقع رائع الجمال في محافظة قشتالة. ونظراً لهندسته الرزينة فهو مختلف عن الطراز السائد قبلاً فأثرت هندسته تأثيراً عظيماً في اسبانيا مدّة أكثر من خمسين عاماً. وشكل إسكوريل مقر تقاعد ملك متصوّف وكان في الأيام الأخيرة لحكم فيليب الثاني أعظم مراكز السلطة السياسيّة في تلك الحقبة.
Source: UNESCO/BPI
德里埃斯科里亚尔修道院和遗址
埃斯科里亚尔修道院建于公元16世纪末,位于环境优美的卡斯蒂尔。整个修道院的设计采用长方形格子结构,这样的设计是为了纪念殉难的基督教徒圣劳伦斯,因为他当年就是被这样的刑具折磨致死的。这种简朴且与以往截然不同的建筑风格影响了西班牙半个多世纪。这里还曾是一位神秘国王的隐居之所。到菲利普二世统治后期,这里成为当时最强大的政治力量中心。
Source: UNESCO/ERI
Архитектурный ансамбль Эскориала
В плане этот монастырь, построенный в конце ХVI в. в исключительно красивом месте Кастилии, напоминает решетку-жаровню, на которой, согласно легенде, принял мученическую смерть Св. Лаврентий. Его суровая архитектура, контрастируя с предыдущими стилями, оказывала значительное влияние на испанскую архитектуру в течение следующей половины столетия. Это было убежище для короля-мистика, а в последние годы правления Филиппа II оно стало местом, откуда осуществлялось политическое руководство значительной частью мира.
Source: UNESCO/ERI
Monasterio y sitio de El Escorial en Madrid
Construido a finales del siglo XVI con arreglo a un trazado en forma de parrilla –en memoria del suplicio infligido al mártir San Lorenzo con este instrumento–, el Monasterio de El Escorial se yergue en un paisaje de Castilla de singular belleza. La austeridad de su estilo rompió con las tendencias arquitectónicas imperantes, ejerciendo posteriormente una acusada influencia en la arquitectura española durante más de medio siglo. Lugar de retiro del rey místico Felipe II en un principio, el monasterio fue en los últimos años de su reinado el centro del poder político de este monarca, el más poderoso de su época.
Source: UNESCO/ERI
マドリードのエル・エスコリアル修道院とその遺跡
source: NFUAJ
Long Description
An exemplary votive monument, the retreat of a mystic king, the Escurial was, during the closing years of the reign of Philip II, the paradoxical centre of the greatest political power of that period. This royal monastery dedicated to St Lawrence is a unique artistic achievement. There is nothing in the project, in the form or in the design of this monument, which is not exceptional. Although out of keeping with the national temperament, the Escurial exerted a considerable influence in Spain during almost half a century: the gigantic unfinished cathedral of the Asunción of Valladolid was begun around 1580 by Herrera in the same severe style.
The construction of the monastery and site of the Escurial in Madrid was the realization of an unusual vow by Philip II of Spain in repentance for having shelled the church San Lorenzo in 1577. This explains the gigantic expiatory monastery, the general plan of which reproduces the form of an inverted griddle, the instrument of the martyrdom of Saint Lawrence. The handle is represented by the Royal Palace, which projects on the eastern side, and four angle towers, 55 m high, represent the feet. The college, the convent and the cloister, all quadrangular in plan, are placed on either side of the central court (Patio de los Reyes) which precedes the church; it is constructed of a bluish granite from Guadarrama.
This ensemble was begun in 1563 by Juan Bautista de Toledo and completed in 1584 by Juan de Herrera. The treatment, deliberately austere, offers a vivid contrast to the traditional Spanish architecture of the Renaissance. Within the church, however, the Capilla Mayor was given a decor as rich as it was imposing: the retablo, 30 m high, the work of an Italian team under the orders of Herrera, unites coloured marbles, paintings, gilding and large bronze statues; in the lateral oratories, two renowned groups, modelled and cast in bronze by Pompeo and Leone Leoni, represent, on the side of the Gospel, Charles V with his family, and on the side of the Epistle, Philip II among his family, dressed in their magnificent attire and frozen in prayer.
Beneath the church is the sepulchral vault of the kings of Spain, whose principal crypt (Pantheon of the Kings) is an octagonal chamber faced with pietra dura incorporating ornaments of gilded bronze.
Source: UNESCO/CLT/WHC