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Making a Business Case

  1. Naydeck BL, Pearson JA, Ozminkowski RJ, Day BT, Goetzel RZ. The impact of the Highmark employee wellness programs on 4-year health care costs. J Occup Environ Med. 2008;50(2):146-156.
  2. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. The health and cost benefits of work site health-promotion programs. Annu Rev Public Health. 2008;29: 303-323. 
Reasons for Investing
  1. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2009, with chartbook on trends in the health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD: 2010.
  2. Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research and Educational Trust. 2010 Kaiser/HRET employer health benefits survey. Menlo Park, CA and Chicago, IL: 2010.
  3. Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Morganstein D. Lost productive work time costs from health conditions in the United States: results from the American productivity audit. J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45(12):1234-1246.
  4. Toosi M. Labor force projections to 2018: older workers staying more active. US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, November 2009;30-51.
  5. Toossi M. A century of change: the U.S. labor force, 1950–2050. Monthly Labor Review. 2002; 125: 15-28.
  6. Linnan LA, Bowling M, Childress J, Lindsay G, Carter Blakey, S, Wieker, S, and Royall, P. Results of the 2004 national worksite health promotion survey.  Am J Pub Health. 2008;98(1): 1-7.
  7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chronic diseases: the power to prevent, the call to control, at-a-glance 2009. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009.)
  8. Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, De Simone G, Ferguson TB, Flegal K, Ford E, Furie K, Go A, Greenlund K, Haase N, Hailpern S, Ho M, Howard V, Kissela B, Kittner S, Lackland D, Lisabeth L, Marelli A, McDermott M, Meigs J, Mozaffarian D, Nichol G, O'Donnell C, Roger V, Rosamond W, Sacco R, Sorlie P, Stafford R, Steinberger J, Thom T, Wasserthiel-Smoller S, Wong N, Wylie-Rosett J, Hong Y; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2009;119:e21-181.
  9. American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2007. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31(3): 1-20.)
  10. Finkelstein EA, Trogdon JG, Cohen JW, Dietz W. Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: payer-and service-specific estimates. Health Aff. 2009 Sep-Oct;28(5):w822-31.
  11. Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research and Educational Trust. 2006 Kaiser/HRET employer health benefits survey. Menlo Park, CA and Chicago, IL: 2006.
  12. Sengupta I, Reno V, Burton JF Jr. Workers’ compensation benefits, coverage, and costs, 2006. Washington, DC: National Academy of Social Insurance; 2008.
  13. Goetzel RZ, Hawkins K, Ozminkowski RJ, et al. The health and productivity cost burden of the top-10 physical and mental health conditions affecting six large US employers in 1999. J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45:5–14.
  14. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ, Meneades L, Stewart M, Schutt DC, Pharmaceuticals – cost or investment? an employer’s perspective. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2000 April; 42(4):338-351.
  15. Partnership for Prevention. Leading by Example: CEOs on the business case for worksite health promotion. Washington, DC: 2005.
  16. Finkelstein EA, Brown DS. Why does the private sector underinvest in obesity prevention and treatment?  NC Med J. 2006;67(4): 310-312.
  17. Franklin JC. Employment Outlook 2006-2016: an overview of BLS projections to 2016. Monthly Labor Review. 2007; 130(11): 3-12.
  18. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2020. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2011. Available at: http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/default.aspx
  19. Bondi MA, Harris JR, Atkins D, French ME, Umland B. Employer coverage of clinical preventive services in the United States. Am J of Health Promot. 2006; 20(3): 214-222.
  20. Aldana SG. Financial impact of health promotion programs: a comprehensive review of the literature. Am J of Health Promot. 2001;15(5): 296-320.
  21. Baicker K, Cutler D, Song Z. Workplace Wellness Programs Can Generate Savings. Health Affairs. 2010; 29(2): 1-8.
Benefits of Health Promotion Programs
  1. Chapman LS. Meta-evaluation of worksite health promotion economic return studies: 2005 update. Am J Health Promot. 2005 Jul-Aug;19(6):1-11.
  2. Pelletier KR. A review and analysis of the clinical and cost-effectiveness studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease management programs at the worksite: update VII 2004-2008. J Occup Environ Med. 2009 Jul;51(7):822-37.
  3. Mills PR, Kessler RC, Cooper J, Sullivan S. Impact of a health promotion program on employee health risks and work productivity. Am J Health Promot. 2007 Sep-Oct;22(1):45-53.
  4. Linnan L, Weiner B, Graham A, Emmons K. Manager beliefs regarding worksite health promotion: findings from the Working Healthy Project 2. Am J Health Promot. 2007 Jul-Aug;21(6):521-8.
  5. Danis M, Lovett F, Sabik L, Adikes K, Cheng G, Aomo T. Low-income employees' choices regarding employment benefits aimed at improving the socioeconomic determinants of health. Am J Public Health. 2007 Sep;97(9):1650-7. Epub 2007 Jul 31.
  6. Hodge BJ, Martin M. Benefit design critical to protecting out-of-pocket costs for employees. Am J Manag Care. 2008 Jul;14(8 Suppl):S246-51.
  7. Yen L, Schultz A, Schnueringer E, Edington DW. Financial costs due to excess health risks among active employees of a utility company. J Occup Environ Med. 2006;48(9): 896-905.
  8. Goetzel, RZ, Anderson DR, Whitmer RW, Ozminkowski RJ, Dunn RL, and Wasserman J. The relationship between modifiable health risks and health care expenditures: an analysis of the multi-employer HERO health risk and cost database. J Occup Environ Med. 1998;40(10): 843-854.
  9. Goetzel RZ, Kahr TY, Aldana SG, Kenny GM. An evaluation of Duke University’s Live for Life Health Promotion Program and its impact on employee health. American Journal of Health Promotion. 1996;10(5):340-342.
  10. Ozminkowski RJ, Ling D, Goetzel RZ, Bruno JA, Rutter RR, Isaac F, Wang S. Long-term impact of Johnson & Johnson’s Health & Wellness Program on health care utilization and expenditures. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2002;44(1):21-29.
  11. Chapman LS. Presenteeism and its role in worksite health promotion. Am J Health Promot. 2005;19(4): suppl 1-8.
  12. Tucker LA, Friedman GM. Financial analysis: obesity and absenteeism: an epidemiologic study of 10,825 employed adults. Am J Health Promot. 1998;12 (3): 202–207.
  13. Finkelstein EA, Fiebelkorn IC, Wang G. The costs of obesity among full-time employees.  Am J Health Promot. 2005; 20(1): 45-51.
  14. Davis L, Loyo K, Glowka A, Schwertfeger R, Danielson L, Brea C, et al. A comprehensive worksite wellness program in Austin, Texas: partnership between Steps to a Healthier Austin and Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Prev Chronic Dis 2009;6(2). http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0206.htm. Accessed [February 22, 2010].
  15. Lowe GS, Schellenberg G, Shannon HS. Correlates of employees' perceptions of a healthy work environment. Am J Health Promot. 2003 Jul-Aug;17(6):390-9.

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Workplace Health Model

  1. Sorensen G, Stoddard A, LaMontagne A, Emmons K, Hunt M, Youngstrom R, et al. A comprehensive worksite cancer prevention intervention: behavior change results from a randomized controlled trial in manufacturing worksites (United States). Cancer Causes Control.2002;13:493–502.
  2. Sorensen G, Barbeau EM, Stoddard AM, Hunt MK, Kaphingst K, Wallace L. Promoting behavior change among working-class, multi-ethnic workers: results of the Healthy Directions — Small Business Study. Am J Pub Health. 2005;95(8):1389–1395.

  3. Hunt MK, Lederman R, Stoddard AM, LaMontagne AD, McLellan D, Combe C, et al.
    Process evaluation of an integrated health promotion/occupational health model in Well-Works-2. Health Education & Behavior.2005;32(1):10–26.

  4. Meas S, Verhoeven C, Kittel F, Scholten H. Effects of a Dutch worksite wellness-health program: the Brabantia project. Am J Pub Health.1998;88:1037–1041.

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Assessment

  1. Sallis JF, Bauman A, Pratt, M. Environmental and policy interventions to promote physical activity. Am J Prev Med. 1998;15(4): 379-397.
  2. McLeroy  KR, Bibeau D, Steckler A, Glanz K. An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Educ Q. 1988;15:351–77.
  3. Nyberg A, Alfredsson L, Theorell T, Westerlund H, Vahtera J, and Kivimäki M. Managerial leadership and ischaemic heart disease among employees: the Swedish WOLF study. J Occup Environ Med. 2009 January; 66(1): 51–55.
  4. Does the built environment influence physical activity? Examining the evidence. Committee on Physical Activity, Health, Transportation, and Land Use. Transportation Research Board, Washington DC 2005.
  5. Weeks JL, Levy BS, Wagner GR, editors. Preventing occupational disease and injury. 2nd ed. Washington DC: American Public Health Association; 2005.
  6. Robson LS, Shannon HS, Goldenhar LM, Hale AR. Guide to evaluating the effectiveness of strategies for preventing work injuries: how to show whether a safety intervention really works. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2001-119. April 2001.
  7. Gimeno D, Amick BC. Health and the organization of work. In: Pronk NP, editor. ACSM’s worksite health handbook, 2nd edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2009. p. 109-116.
  8. Fink, A. 2006. How to Conduct Surveys:  A step-by-step guide, Sage Productions, Thousand Oaks, CA.
  9. Groves, RM, Dillman DA, Eltinge JL and Little RJA. 2002.  Survey nonresponse, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  10. Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research and Educational Trust. 2009 Kaiser/HRET employer health benefits survey. Menlo Park, CA and Chicago, IL: 2009.
  11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The Merck Company Foundation. The State of Aging and Health in America 2007. Whitehouse Station, NJ: The Merck Company Foundation; 2007.
  12. Drennan, Fred. "Making the Safety/Fitness Connection." ISHN AUG 2002.

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Planning/Workplace Governance

  1. Nyberg A, Alfredsson L, Theorell T, Westerlund H, Vahtera J, and Kivimäki M. Managerial leadership and ischaemic heart disease among employees: the Swedish WOLF study. J Occup Environ Med. 2009 January; 66(1): 51–55.
  2. Institute of Medicine. 2005. Integrating employee health: a model program for NASA. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
  3. Pelletier, KR.  A review and analysis of the clinical and cost-effectiveness studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease management programs at the worksite: 2000-2004.  J Occup Environ Med. 2005; 47:1051-1058.
  4. Ozminkowski RJ, Ling D, Goetzel RZ, Bruno JA, Rutter KR, Isaac F, Wang S. Long-term impact of Johnson & Johnson's Health & Wellness Program on health care utilization and expenditures. J Occup Environ Med. 2002; 44(1):21-9.
  5. Aldana SG. Financial Impact of Health Promotion Programs: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Am J of Health Promot. 2001; 15(5):296-320.
  6. Matson Koffman DM, Goetzel RZ, Anwuri VV, Shore KK, Orenstein D, LaPier T. Heart healthy and stroke free: successful business strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease. Am J Prev Med. 2005; 29(5 Suppl 1):113-21.
  7. Matson DM, Lee JW, Hopp JW. The impact of incentives and competitions on participation and quit rates in worksite smoking cessation programs. Am J Health Promot. 1993; 7(4):270-80, 295.
  8. VanWormer JJ, Pronk NP. Rewarding change: principles for implementing worksite incentive programs. In: Pronk NP, editor. ACSM's worksite health handbook, 2nd edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2009. p. 239-247.
  9. National Cancer Institute. 1989. Making Health Communication Programs Work. Rockville, MD: U.S Department of Health and Human Services.

Health Topics Addressed

  1. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ, Meneades L, et al. Pharmaceuticals—cost or investment: an employer’s perspective. J Occup Environ Med. 2000;43:338–351.
  2. Goetzel RZ, Hawkins K, Ozminkowski RJ, et al. The health and productivity cost burden of the ‘top-10_ physical and mental health conditions affecting six large US employers in 1999. J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45:5–14.
  3. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Washington, DC: [updated 2010 Mar 5; cited 2010 Mar 10]. Employment Situation Summary; [about 4 screens]. Available from: http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.nr0.htm.

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Implementation

  1. McLeroy  KR, Bibeau D, Steckler A, Glanz K. An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Educ Q. 1988;15:351–77.
Adult Immunization:
  1. Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, et al. Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States. JAMA. 2003; 289:179-186.
  2. Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, et al. Influenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States. JAMA. 2004; 292:1333-1340.
  3. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2007, with chartbook on trends in the health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD: 2007.
  4. Molinari NA, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Messonnier ML, Thompson WW, Wortley PM, Weintraub E, Bridges CB. The annual impact of seasonal influenza in the US: measuring disease burden and costs. Vaccine. 2007; 25(27):5086-96. Epub 2007 Apr 20.
  5. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org [PDF - 538KB].
  6. Goetzel RZ, Hawkins K, Ozminkowski RJ, Wang S. Top 10 physical conditions and related medical costs to employers. J Occup Environ Med. 2003; 45:5-14.
  7. NBGH Issue Brief. Vaccinating Against the Flu: A Business Case. September 2010. National Business Group on Health. Available at: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org/pdfs/Final%20Proof%20-%20Seasonal%20Influenza.pdf [PDF - 140KB].
  8. Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC) Public Policy Committee. APIC position paper: influenza immunization of healthcare personnel. 2008. Available from: http://www.apic.org
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended adult immunization schedule—United States October 2007-September 2008. MMWR. 2007; 57(41): Q1-Q4. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm5641-Immunization.pdf [PDF - 259KB].
  10. Task Force on Community Preventive Services. The Guide to Community
    Preventive Services: What Works to Promote Health. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Available from: http://www.thecommunityguide.org/vaccines/targeted/clientoutofpocketcosts.html.
Alcohol-Substance Misuse:
  1. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Helping patients who drink too much: a clinician's guide, updated 2005 edition. Rockville: National Institutes of Health; 2005 [cited 2008 Dec 5]. Available from: http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Practitioner/CliniciansGuide2005/guide.pdf [PDF - 1.5MB].
  2. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. New advances in alcoholism treatment. Alcohol Alert [serial on the internet]. 2000 Oct [cited 2008 Dec 5]; 49: [about 5p.]. Available from: http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa49.htm.
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Alcohol-Related Disease Impact (ARDI). Atlanta, GA: CDC; 2008 [updated 2008 Aug 6; cited 2008 Dec 5] Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/ardi.htm.
  4. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org.
  5. Harwood H. Updating estimates of economic costs of alcohol abuse in the United States: estimates, update methods, and data. Rockville (MD): National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; 2000. NIH Publication No. 98-4327. Available from: http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/economic-2000/.
  6. Frone MR. Prevalence and distribution of alcohol use in the workplace: a U.S. national survey. J Stud Alcohol 2006;67:147-56.
  7. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Integrated health promotion/wellness and substance abuse prevention in the workplace [monograph on the internet]. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; [cited 2008 Dec 5]. Available from: http://www.workplace.samhsa.gov.
  8. Roman PM, Blum TC. The workplace and alcohol problem prevention. Alcohol Res Health. 2002; 26(1):49-57. Available from: http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh26-1/49-57.htm.
  9. Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. Drug free workplace kit. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; [cited 2008 Dec 5]. Available from: http://www.workplace.samhsa.gov/WPWorkit/policy.html.
  10. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2nd Edition. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1996. Available from: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/alcohol/alcomisrs.htm#clinical.
  11. Fleming MF, Mundt MP, French MT, Manwell LB, Stauffacher EA, Barry KL. Brief physician advice for problem alcohol drinkers: long-term efficacy and benefit-cost analysis. A randomized controlled trial in community-based primary care settings. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002;26:36-43.
  12. Gentilello LM, Ebel BE, Wickizer TM, Salkever DS, Rivara FP. Alcohol interventions for trauma patients treated in emergency departments and hospitals: a cost benefit analysis. Ann Surg 2005;241:541-50.
  13. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Overarching principles to address the needs of persons with co-occurring disorders. COCE overview paper 3. DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 06-4165 Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2006. [cited 2008 December 17]. Available from: http://www.coce.samhsa.gov [PDF - 261KB].
  14. National Institute of Mental Health. What illnesses often coexist with depression? [cited 2008 December 17]. Available from: http://www.nimh.nih.gov.
Blood Pressure:
  1. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2nd Edition. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1996. Available from: http://odphp.osophs.dhhs.gov/pubs/guidecps/text/CH03.txt.
  2. Your Guide to Lowering High Blood Pressure. Topic Page. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Available from: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/hbp/index.html.
  3. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org [PDF - 54KB].
  4. Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, De Simone G, Ferguson TB, Flegal K, Ford E, Furie K, Go A, Greenlund K, Haase N, Hailpern S, Ho M, Howard V, Kissela B, Kittner S, Lackland D, Lisabeth L, Marelli A, McDermott M, Meigs J, Mozaffarian D, Nichol G, O'Donnell C, Roger V, Rosamond W, Sacco R, Sorlie P, Stafford R, Steinberger J, Thom T, Wasserthiel-Smoller S, Wong N, Wylie-Rosett J, Hong Y; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2009;119:e21-181.
  5. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo Jr JL, et al. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003; 42:1206–1252.
  6. Pelletier KR. Clinical and cost outcomes of multifactorial, cardiovascular risk management interventions in worksites: a comprehensive review. JOEM. 1997; 29(12): 1154-1169.
  7. Pelletier KR. A review and analysis of the clinical and cost-effectiveness studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease management programs at the worksite: update VI 2000-2004. JOEM. 2005; 47(10):1051-1058.
  8. Matson Koffman, DM, Goetzel RZ, Anwuri VV, Shore K, Orenstein D, LaPier T. Heart-healthy and stroke-free: successful business strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease. Am J Prev Med. 2005; 29(5), suppl. 1:113-121.
  9. Matson Koffman DM, Lanza A, Campbell KP. A Purchaser's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: A tool to improve health care coverage for prevention. Preventing Chronic Disease, April 2008; 5(2).
  10. Heidenreich PA, Trogdon JG, Khavjou OA, Butler J, Dracup K, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Forecasting the future of cardiovascular disease in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. Mar 1 2011;123(8):933—944. Epub 2011 Jan 24.
Cancer - Breast:
  1. U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. United States Cancer Statistics: 1999–2007 Incidence and Mortality Web-based Report. Atlanta (GA): Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Cancer Institute; 2010. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/uscs.
  2. American Cancer Society. Breast cancer facts & figures 2005-2006. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, Inc.
  3. Brown ML, Lipscomb J, Snyder C. The burden of illness of cancer: economic cost and quality of life. Annu Rev Public Health. 2001; 22:91-113.
  4. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org [PDF - 75KB].
  5. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org.
  6. Task Force on Community Preventive Services. The Guide to Community Preventive Services: What Works to Promote Health. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Cancer - Cervical:
  1. U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. United States Cancer Statistics: 1999–2007 Incidence and Mortality Web-based Report. Atlanta (GA): Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Cancer Institute; 2010. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/uscs.
  2. Brown ML, Riley GF, Schussler N, Etzioni RD. Estimating health care costs related to cancer treatment from SEER-Medicare data. Med Care. 2002; 40(8 Suppl): IV-104-17.
  3. Mandelblatt JS, Lawrence WF, Womack SM, Jacobson D, Bin YI, Yi-Ting H. et al. Benefits and costs of using HPV testing to screen for cervical cancer. JAMA. 2002; 287(18): 2372-2381.
  4. Eichler H, Kong SX, Gerth WC, Mavros P, Jonsson B. Use of cost-effectiveness analysis in health-care resource allocation decision-making: how are cost-effectiveness thresholds expected to emerge? Value Health. 2004; 7(5): 518-528.
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.  MMWR Recommendations and Reports 2007. 56;RR-2. (Accessed October 15, 2008). Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5602.pdf [PDF - 444KB].
Cancer - Colorectal:
  1. Seifeldin R, Hantsch JJ. The economic burden associated with colon cancer in the United States. Clinical Therapeutics. 1999; 21(8): 1370-1379.
  2. U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. United States Cancer Statistics: 1999–2007 Incidence and Mortality Web-based Report. Atlanta (GA): Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Cancer Institute; 2010. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/uscs.
  3. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from:  http://www.businessgrouphealth.org [PDF - 28KB].
Cholesterol:
  1. Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, De Simone G, Ferguson TB, Flegal K, Ford E, Furie K, Go A, Greenlund K, Haase N, Hailpern S, Ho M, Howard V, Kissela B, Kittner S, Lackland D, Lisabeth L, Marelli A, McDermott M, Meigs J, Mozaffarian D, Nichol G, O'Donnell C, Roger V, Rosamond W, Sacco R, Sorlie P, Stafford R, Steinberger J, Thom T, Wasserthiel-Smoller S, Wong N, Wylie-Rosett J, Hong Y; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2009;119:e21-181.
  2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Cholesterol Education Program. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III): executive summary. NIH Publication No. 01-3670. Bethesda, MD: May 2001. Available from: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/cholesterol/.
  3. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org [PDF - 51KB].
  4. Matson Koffman, DM, Goetzel RZ, Anwuri VV, Shore K, Orenstein D, LaPier T. Heart-healthy and stroke-free: successful business strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease. Am J Prev Med. 2005; 29(5), suppl. 1:113-121.
  5. Matson Koffman DM, Lanza A, Campbell KP. A Purchaser's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: A tool to improve health care coverage for prevention. Preventing Chronic Disease, April 2008; 5(2).
  6. Heidenreich PA, Trogdon JG, Khavjou OA, Butler J, Dracup K, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Forecasting the future of cardiovascular disease in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. Mar 1 2011;123(8):933—944. Epub 2011 Jan 24.
Depression:
  1. Valenstein M, Vijan S, Zeber JE, Boehm K, Buttar A. The cost-utility of screening for depression in primary care. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 345-360.
  2. American Association of Geriatric Psychiatry (2008). Geriatrics and mental health—the facts. Available from: http://www.aagponline.org/prof/facts_mh.asp [accessed Dec 8, 2008].
  3. Pratt LA, Brody DJ. Depression in the United States household population, 2005-2006. National Center for Health Statistics: NCHS Data Brief No. 7; 2008. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db07.htm#ref08.
  4. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2007, with Chartbook on trends in the health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD: 2007.
  5. Leopold RS. A Year in the Life of a Million American Workers. New York, New York: MetLife Disability Group; 2001.
  6. Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Hahn SR, Morganstein D. Cost of lost productive work time among US workers with depression. JAMA. 2003 Jun 18;289(23):3135-3144.
  7. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. (October 11, 2007). The NSDUH Report: Depression among Adults Employed Full-Time, by Occupational Category. Rockville, MD. Available from: http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k7/depression/occupation.htm.
  8. Myette L, Garuso G, Stave G. Depression in the Working Population: Position Statement [Internet]. Elk Grove Village, Illinois: American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; 2009 [cited Feb 4, 2010]. Available from: http://www.acoem.org/guidelines.aspx?id=5613
  9. Weeks JL, Levy BS, Wagner GR, editors. Preventing occupational disease and injury. 2nd ed. Washington DC: American Public Health Association; 2005.
  10. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org [PDF - 31KB].
  11. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2008. U.S. Government Printing Office, October 2008. Available from: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf [PDF - 8.35MB].
  12. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2nd Edition. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1996. Available from: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsdepr.htm.
  13. Rost K, Smith JL, Dickinson M. The effect of improving primary care depression management on employee absenteeism and productivity. A randomized trial. Med Care. 2004 Dec;42(12):1202-10.
Diabetes - Type 2:
  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes fact sheet: general information and national estimates on diabetes in the United States, 2007. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ndfs_2007.pdf [PDF - 357KB].
  2. American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2007.  Diabetes Care. 2008; 31(3): 1-20.
  3. American Diabetes Association. Screening for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:S11-S14.
  4. Screening for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Adults, June 2008. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. [cited 2008 Nov 17]. Available from: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsdiab.htm.
  5. Hernan WH, Brandle M, Zhang P, Williamson DF, Matulik MJ, Ratner RE, Lachin JM, Engelgau MM, Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Costs associated with the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26(1):36-47.
  6. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, Nathan DM, Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346:393-403.
  7. American Diabetes Association. Standards for Medical Care 2008. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31(Suppl 1):S12-S54.
  8. AACE Diabetes Mellitus Clinical Practice Guidelines Task Force. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract. 2007;13(Suppl 1): 1-68. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites.
Nutrition:
  1. Pignone MP, Ammerman A, Fernandez L, Orleans CT, Pender N, Woolf S, Lohr KN, Sutton S. Counseling to promote a healthy diet in adults: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Am J Prev Med. 2003 Jan;24(1):75-92. Available from: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/diet/dietsum.htm.
  2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005. 6th Edition, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, January 2005. Available from: http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document/pdf/DGA2005.pdf [PDF - 3.94MB].
  3. American Heart Association Nutrition Committee, Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, Carnethon M, Daniels S, Franch HA, Franklin B, Kris-Etherton P, Harris WS, Howard B, Karanja N, Lefevre M, Rudel L, Sacks F, Van Horn L, Winston M, Wylie-Rosett J. Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations Revision 2006 A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Circulation. 2006;114(1):82-96.
  4. Kushi LH, Byers, T, Doyle C, Bandera EV, McCullough M, Gansler T, Andrews KS, Thun MJ, and The American Cancer Society 2006 Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. American Cancer Society guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. CA Cancer J Clin 2006; 56:254-281. Available from: http://caonline.amcancersoc.org/cgi/content/full/56/5/254.
  5. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org [PDF - 538KB].
  6. American Public Health Association Policy Statement 9711: Healthy food choices in catered food situations. APHA Policy Statements 1948-present, cumulative.  Washington, DC: APHA, current volume.
  7. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Counseling to Promote a Healthy Diet: Recommendations and Rationale. Am J Prev Med 2003; 24(1): 102-109. Available from: http://www.preventiveservices.ahrq.gov.
  8. Devine CM, Nelson JA, Chin N, Dozier A, Fernandez ID. "Pizza is cheaper than salad": assessing workers' views for an environmental food intervention. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007 Nov;15 Suppl 1:57S-68S.
  9. Engbers LH, van Poppel MN, Chin A Paw M, van Mechelen W. The effects of a controlled worksite environmental intervention on determinants of dietary behavior and self-reported fruit, vegetable and fat intake. BMC Public Health. 2006 Oct 17;6:253.
  10. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon General's call to action to prevent and decrease overweight and obesity. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General; 2001.
  11. Pratt CA, Lemon SC, Fernandez ID, Goetzel R, Beresford SA, French SA, Stevens VJ, Vogt TM, Webber LS. Design characteristics of worksite environmental interventions for obesity prevention. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007 Sep;15(9):2171-2180.
Obesity:
  1. Finkelstein EA, Trogdon JG, Cohen JW, Dietz W. Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: payer- and service-specific estimates. Health Affairs. 2009; 28(5):w822-831.
  2. The Task Force on Community Preventive Services. The Guide to Community Preventive Services: What Works to Promote Health New York; Oxford University Press, 2005.
  3. Screening and interventions to prevent obesity in adults, Topic Page. December 2003. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Agency for Health care Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. Available from: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsobes.htm.
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public health strategies for preventing and controlling overweight and obesity in school and worksite settings. A report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2005;54(RR10):1-12
  5. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to clinical preventive services. 3rd ed. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Research and Quality; 2003.
  6. Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves orilstat for obesity. FDA Talk Paper. [cited 2008 Aug 14]. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2007/ucm108839.htm.
  7. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Available from: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/ob_gdlns.htm.
Physical Activity:
  1. The Task Force on Community Preventive Services. The Guide to Community Preventive Services: What Works to Promote Health New York; Oxford University Press, 2005.
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Increasing physical activity: a report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2001;50(RR18):1–14.
  3. Hillsdon M, Foster C, Thorogood M. Interventions for promoting physical activity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;(1):CD003180.
  4. Lucove JC, Huston SL, Evenson KR. Workers' perceptions about worksite policies and environments and their association with leisure-time physical activity. Am J Health Promot. 2007;21(3):196-200.
  5. Hunnicutt D, Chapman LS, editors. Designing wellness incentives part I. WELCOA: Absolute Advantage. 2005;4(7).
  6. VanWormer JJ, Pronk NP. Rewarding change: principles for implementing worksite incentive programs. In: Pronk NP, editor. ACSM’s worksite health handbook, 2nd edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2009. p. 239-247.
  7. Department of Health and Family Services, Division of Public Health, Nutrition and Physical Activity Program, Wisconsin Partnership for Activity and Nutrition. Wisconsin. Worksite Resource Kit to Prevent Obesity and Related Chronic Diseases. Step 5: Making Decisions - Where to Focus Your Efforts. p. 36. Available at http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/Health/physicalactivity [DOC - 240KB]. Accessed 2009 June.
  8. Kerr, NA, Yore, MM, Ham, SA, Dietz, WH. Increasing stair use in a worksite through environmental changes. Am J Health Promot. 2004;18(4):312–315.
Tobacco Use:
  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses – United States, 2000-2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2008; 57(45): 1226-1228.
  2. DHHS, Agency for Healthcare Research and Policy, The United States Preventive Services Task Force. Counseling to prevent tobacco use. [cited 2008 Oct 13]. Available from: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspstbac2.htm.
  3. AHCPR Supported Clinical Practice Guideline, Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence Guideline Panel. Clinical practice guidelines, treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. [cited 2008 Oct 13]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK12193/.
  4. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org [PDF - 47KB].
  5. Task Force on Community Preventive Services. The Guide to Community Preventive Services: What Works to Promote Health. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Available from: http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/Tobacco.pdf [PDF - 363KB].
  6. Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Effectiveness of mass media campaigns to reduce initiation of tobacco use and increase cessation. The Guide to Community Preventive Services. [cited 2008 Oct 13]. Available from: http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/initiation/massmediaeducation.html.
  7. Task Force on Community Preventive Services.Effectiveness of smoking bans and restrictions to reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. The Guide to Community Preventive Services. [cited 2008 Oct 13]. Available from: http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/environmental/smokingbans.html.
  8. Hopkins DP, Briss PA, Ricard CJ, Husten CG, Carande-Kulis VG, Fielding JE, Alao MO, McKenna JW, Sharp DJ, Harris JR, Woollery TA, Harris KW, The Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Am J Prev Med. 2001; 20(2S): 16-166.
  9. TheTask Force on Community Preventive Services. Effectiveness of using provider reminders and provider education, with or without patient education. The Guide to Community Preventive Services. [cited 2008 Oct 13]. Available from:  http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/cessation/providerreminderedu.html.
  10. Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Effectiveness of reducing patient out-of-pocket costs for effective therapies to stop using tobacco. The Guide to Community Preventive Services. [cited 2008 Oct 13]. Available from: http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/cessation/outofpocketcosts.html.
  11. Task Force on Community Preventive Services. The community guide to preventive services, Effectiveness of telephone counseling and support to help more tobacco users quit. The Guide to Community Preventive Services. [cited 2008 Oct 13]. Available from: http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/cessation/multicomponentinterventions.html.
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSD):
  1. Bernard BP, editor. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease control and Prevention, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Musculoskeletal disorders and workplace factors: a critical review of epidemiologic evidence for work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, upper extremity, and lower back. July 1997. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-141. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-141/.
  2. NIOSH workers health chartbook 2004. NIOSH Publication No. 2004-146. Washington, D.C. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-146/ch2/ch2-6.asp.htm.
  3. National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine (2001). Musculoskeletal disorders and the workplace: low back and upper extremities. Panel on Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace. Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Available from: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309072840.
  4. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In: Chapter 2: Fatal and nonfatal injuries, and selected illnesses and conditions. In: Worker health chartbook 2004. NIOSH publication no. 2004-146. Washington, D.C. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-146/ch2/ch2-6-1.asp.htm.
  5. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment: Number 62 - Diagnosis and Treatment of Worker-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Upper Extremity. 2004. Available from: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/musclsum.htm.
  6. Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Low Back Pain in Adults. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. 2004. Available from: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/lowback/lowbackrs.htm.
  7. Back, including spine and spinal cord. In: Chapter 2: Fatal and nonfatal injuries, and selected illnesses and conditions. In: Worker health chartbook 2004. NIOSH publication no. 2004-146. Washington, D.C. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-146/ch2/ch2-7-2.asp.htm.
  8. Brault MW, Hootman J, Helmick CG, Theis KA, Armour BS. Prevalence and Most Common Causes of Disability Among Adults --- United States, 2005. MMWR 2009; 58(16):421-426.
  9. Hootman J, Bolen J, Helmick C, Langmaid G. Prevalence of doctor-diagnosed arthritis and arthritis-attributable activity limitation—United States, 2003-2005. MMWR 2006;55(40):1089–1092.
  10. Helmick CG, Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Gabriel S, Hirsch R, Kwoh CK, Liang MH, Kremers HM, Mayes MD, Merkel PA, Pillemer SR, Reveille JD, Stone JH. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part I. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2008;58(1):15-25.
  11. Lawrence RC, Felson DT, Helmick CG, Arnold LM, Choi H, Deyo RA Gabriel S, Hirsch R, Hochberg MC, Hunder GG, Jordan JM, Katz JN, Kremers HM, Wolfe F. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part II. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2008;58(1):26-35.
  12. Felson DT, Zhang Y. An update on the epidemiology of knee and hip osteoarthritis with a view to prevention. Arthritis Rheum 1998; 41:1343-1355.
  13. Rossignol M, Leclerc A, Allaert FA, Rozenberg S, Valat JP, Avouac B, Coste P, Litvak K, Hilliquin P. Primary osteoarthritis of the hip, knee, and hand in relation to occupational exposure. Occup Environ Med 2005; 62:772-777.
  14. Yelin E, Murphy L, Cisternas M, Foreman A, Pasta D, Helmick C. Medical care expenditures and earnings losses among persons with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in 2003, and comparisons to 1997. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2007;56(5):1397-1407.
  15. Theis KA, Hootman JM, Helmick CG, Murphy LM, Bolen J, Langmaid G, Jones GC. State-specific prevalence of arthritis-attributable work limitation—United States, 2003. MMWR 2007; 56: 1045-1049.
  16. National Business Group on Health. Arthritis’ effect on the workforce. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org/healthtopics/arthritis.cfm.
  17. U.S. Department of Defense: Ergonomics Tech Guide 220: Booklet I, General Program Management Available from: http://www.ergoworkinggroup.org/ewgweb/IndexFrames/index3.htm.
  18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Elements of ergonomic programs: a primer based on evaluations of musculoskeletal disorders. 1997. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-117. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/97-117pd.html.
  19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Targeting arthritis: improving quality of Life for more than 46 million americans, at-a-glance 2008. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008.
  20. Dunlop DD. Risk factors for functional decline in older adults with arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:1274–82.
  21. Shih M, Hootman JM, Kruger J, Helmick CG. Physical Activity in Men and Women with Arthritis: National Health Interview Survey, 2002. Am J Prev Med 2006; 30(5):385–393.
  22. Penninx BW, Messier SP, Rejeski WJ, et al. Physical exercise and the prevention of disability in activities of daily living in older persons with osteoarthritis. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:2309–16.
  23. Westby MD. A health professional’s guide to exercise prescription for people with arthritis: a review of aerobic fitness activities. Arthritis Rheum 2001;45:501–11.
  24. Thomas KS, Muir KR, Doherty M, Jones AC, O’Reilly SC, Bassey EJ. Home-based exercise programme for knee pain and knee osteoarthritis: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2002;325:752.
  25. Messier SP, Loeser RF, Miller GD, et al. Exercise and dietary weight loss in overweight and obese older adults with knee osteoarthritis: the Arthritis, Diet, and Activity Promotion Trial. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:1501–10.
  26. Brady TJ, Kruger J, Helmick CG, Callahan LF, Boutaugh ML. Intervention programs for arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. Health Educ Behav 2003;30:44–63.

Top of Page

Evaluation

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.
Adult Immunization:
  1. Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, et al. Mortality associated with ininfluenzaenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States. JAMA. 2003; 289:179-186.
  2. Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E, et al. Ininfluenzaenza-associated hospitalizations in the United States. JAMA. 2004; 292:1333-1340.
  3. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2007, with chartbook on trends in the health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD: 2007.
  4. Molinari NA, Ortega-Sanchez IR, Messonnier ML, Thompson WW, Wortley PM, Weintraub E, Bridges CB. The annual impact of seasonal ininfluenzaenza in the US: measuring disease burden and costs. Vaccine. 2007; 25(27):5086-96. Epub 2007 Apr 20.
  5. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org.
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.
  7. Matson Koffman DM, Lanza A, Campbell KP. A Purchaser's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: A tool to improve health care coverage for prevention. Preventing Chronic Disease, April 2008; 5(2).
  8. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. Program evaluation. In: O’Donnell MP, editor. Health promotion in the workplace, 3rd edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning; 2002. p 116-165.
Alcohol and Substance Misuse:
  1. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. New advances in alcoholism treatment. Alcohol Alert [serial on the internet]. 2000 Oct [cited 2008 Dec 5]; 49: [about 5p.]. Available from: http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa49.htm.
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Alcohol-Related Disease Impact (ARDI). Atlanta, GA: CDC; 2008 [updated 2008 Aug 6; cited 2008 Dec 5] Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/ardi.htm.
  3. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org.
  4. Harwood H. Updating estimates of economic costs of alcohol abuse in the United States: estimates, update methods, and data. Rockville (MD): National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; 2000. NIH Publication No. 98-4327. Available from: http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/economic-2000/.
  5. Frone MR. Prevalence and distribution of alcohol use in the workplace: a U.S. national survey. J Stud Alcohol 2006;67:147-56.
  6. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Integrated health promotion/wellness and substance abuse prevention in the workplace[monograph on the internet]. Rockville (MD): Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; [cited 2008 Dec 5]. Available from: http://www.workplace.samhsa.gov/.
  7. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org.
  8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.
  9. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. Program evaluation. In: O’Donnell MP, editor. Health promotion in the workplace, 3rd edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning; 2002. p 116-165.
  10. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [Internet]. Washington, DC: [cited 2009 Nov 19]. Drug-Free Workplace Kit: Evaluate the Program: [about 4 screens]. Available from: http://www.workplace.samhsa.gov/WPWorkit/index.html
  11. Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, Berglund P, Cleary PD, McKenas D, Pronk N, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Wang P. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Feb;45(2):156-174.
  12. Kessler RC, Ames M, Hymel PA, Loeppke R, McKenas DK, Richling DE, Stang PE, Ustun TB. Using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) to evaluate the indirect workplace costs of illness. J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Jun;46(6 Suppl):S23-37.
  13. Wang PS, Beck A, Berglund P, Leutzinger JA, Pronk N, Richling D, Schenk TW, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Kessler RC. Chronic medical conditions and work performance in the health and work performance questionnaire calibration surveys. J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Dec;45(12):1303-1311.
  14. Lerner D, Amick BC 3rd, Rogers WH, Malspeis S, Bungay K, Cynn D. The Work Limitations Questionnaire. Med Care. 2001 Jan;39(1):72-85.
  15. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Helping patients who drink too much: a clinician's guide, updated 2005 edition. Rockville: National Institutes of Health; 2005 [cited 2008 Dec 5]. Available from: http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov [PDF - 1.57MB].
Blood Pressure:
  1. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org [PDF - 54KB].
  2. Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, De Simone G, Ferguson TB, Flegal K, Ford E, Furie K, Go A, Greenlund K, Haase N, Hailpern S, Ho M, Howard V, Kissela B, Kittner S, Lackland D, Lisabeth L, Marelli A, McDermott M, Meigs J, Mozaffarian D, Nichol G, O'Donnell C, Roger V, Rosamond W, Sacco R, Sorlie P, Stafford R, Steinberger J, Thom T, Wasserthiel-Smoller S, Wong N, Wylie-Rosett J, Hong Y; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2009;119:e21-181.
  3. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo Jr JL, et al. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003; 42:1206–1252.
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.
  5. Matson Koffman DM, Goetzel RZ, Anwuri VV, Shore K, Orenstein D, LaPier T. Heart-healthy and stroke-free: successful business strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease. Am J Prev Med. 2005; 29(5), suppl. 1:113-121.
  6. Goetzel RZ, Anderson DR, Whitmer RW, Ozminkowski RJ, Dunn RL, Wasserman J; Health Enhancement Research Organization (HERO) Research Committee. The relationship between modifiable health risks and health care expenditures. An analysis of the multi-employer HERO health risk and cost database. J Occup Environ Med. 1998 Oct;40(10):843-854.
  7. Goetzel RZ, Hawkins K, Ozminkowski RJ, Wang S. Top 10 physical conditions and related medical costs to employers. J Occup Environ Med 2003;45:5-14.
  8. Tsai SP, Wendt JK, Ahmed FS, Donnelly RP, Strawmyer TR. Illness absence patterns among employees in a petrochemical facility: impact of selected health risk factors. J Occup Environ Med. 2005 Aug;47(8):838-846.
  9. Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, Berglund P, Cleary PD, McKenas D, Pronk N, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Wang P. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Feb;45(2):156-174.
  10. Kessler RC, Ames M, Hymel PA, Loeppke R, McKenas DK, Richling DE, Stang PE, Ustun TB. Using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) to evaluate the indirect workplace costs of illness. J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Jun;46(6 Suppl):S23-37.
  11. Wang PS, Beck A, Berglund P, Leutzinger JA, Pronk N, Richling D, Schenk TW, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Kessler RC. Chronic medical conditions and work performance in the health and work performance questionnaire calibration surveys. J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Dec;45(12):1303-1311.
  12. Lerner D, Amick BC 3rd, Rogers WH, Malspeis S, Bungay K, Cynn D. The Work Limitations Questionnaire. Med Care. 2001 Jan;39(1):72-85.
  13. Pelletier KR. Clinical and cost outcomes of multifactorial, cardiovascular risk management interventions in worksites: a comprehensive review. J Occup Environ Med. 1997; 29(12): 1154-1169.
  14. Matson Koffman DM, Lanza A, Campbell KP. A Purchaser's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: A tool to improve health care coverage for prevention. Preventing Chronic Disease, April 2008; 5(2).
  15. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. Program evaluation. In: O’Donnell MP, editor. Health promotion in the workplace, 3rd edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning; 2002. p 116-165.
  16. Heidenreich PA, Trogdon JG, Khavjou OA, Butler J, Dracup K, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Forecasting the future of cardiovascular disease in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. Mar 1 2011;123(8):933—944. Epub 2011 Jan 24.
Cancer - Breast:
  1. U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. United States Cancer Statistics: 1999–2007 Incidence and Mortality Web-based Report. Atlanta (GA): Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Cancer Institute; 2010. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/uscs.
  2. American Cancer Society. Breast cancer facts & figures 2005-2006. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society, Inc.
  3. Brown ML, Lipscomb J, Snyder C. The burden of illness of cancer: economic cost and quality of life. Annu Rev Public Health. 2001; 22:91-113.
  4. Jatoi I, Zhu K, Shah M, Lawrence W. Psychological distress in U.S. women who have experienced false-positive mammograms. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2006 Nov;100(2):191-200. Epub 2006 Jun 14.
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with the Prudential Center for Health Care Research. The manual of intervention strategies to increase mammography rates. 1997. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/nbccedp/pdf/prumanual.pdf [PDF - 4.4MB].
  6. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org.
  7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.
  8. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. Program evaluation. In: O’Donnell MP, editor. Health promotion in the workplace, 3rd edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning; 2002. p 116-165.
  9. Matson Koffman DM, Lanza A, Campbell KP. A Purchaser's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: A tool to improve health care coverage for prevention. Preventing Chronic Disease, April 2008; 5(2).
  10. Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, Berglund P, Cleary PD, McKenas D, Pronk N, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Wang P. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Feb;45(2):156-174.
  11. Kessler RC, Ames M, Hymel PA, Loeppke R, McKenas DK, Richling DE, Stang PE, Ustun TB. Using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) to evaluate the indirect workplace costs of illness. J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Jun;46(6 Suppl):S23-37.
  12. Wang PS, Beck A, Berglund P, Leutzinger JA, Pronk N, Richling D, Schenk TW, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Kessler RC. Chronic medical conditions and work performance in the health and work performance questionnaire calibration surveys. J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Dec;45(12):1303-1311.
  13. Lerner D, Amick BC 3rd, Rogers WH, Malspeis S, Bungay K, Cynn D. The Work Limitations Questionnaire. Med Care. 2001 Jan;39(1):72-85.
  14. Stewart BW & Kleihues P, editors. World Cancer Report. France: IARC Press: 2003.
  15. Institute of Medicine. National Research Council. Lifestyle Behaviors Contributing to the Burden of Cancer. In: Curry S, Byers T, & Hewitt M, editors. Fulfilling the Potential of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press: 2003. p. 41–86.
  16. National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health. Breast Cancer PDQ: Prevention — Health Professional. Available from: http://www.nci.nih.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/breast/healthprofessional.
  17. National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health. Breast Cancer PDQ: Prevention — Patient. Available from: http://www.nci.nih.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/breast/patient.
  18. National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health. Breast Cancer PDQ: Treatment — Patient. Available from: http://www.nci.nih.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/patient/.
  19. International Agency for Research on Cancer. Evaluation. In: Vainio H &    Bianchini F, editors. IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention: Weight Control & Physical Activity. France: IARC Press: 2002. p. 249–250.
Cancer - Cervical:
  1. U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. United States Cancer Statistics: 1999–2007 Incidence and Mortality Web-based Report. Atlanta (GA): Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Cancer Institute; 2010. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/uscs.
  2. Brown ML, Riley GF, Schussler N, Etzioni RD. Estimating health care costs related to cancer treatment from SEER-Medicare data. Med Care. 2002; 40(8 Suppl): IV-104-17.
  3. Mandelblatt JS, Lawrence WF, Womack SM, Jacobson D, Bin YI, Yi-Ting H. et al. Benefits and costs of using HPV testing to screen for cervical cancer. JAMA. 2002; 287(18): 2372-2381.
  4. Eichler H, Kong SX, Gerth WC, Mavros P, JÖnsson B. Use of cost-effectiveness analysis in health-care resource allocation decision-making: how are cost-effectiveness thresholds expected to emerge? Value Health. 2004; 7(5): 518-528.
  5. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org.
  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.
  7. Matson Koffman DM, Lanza A, Campbell KP. A Purchaser's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: A tool to improve health care coverage for prevention. Preventing Chronic Disease, April 2008; 5(2).
  8. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. Program evaluation. In: O’Donnell MP, editor. Health promotion in the workplace, 3rd edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning; 2002. p 116-165.
  9. Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, Berglund P, Cleary PD, McKenas D, Pronk N, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Wang P. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Feb;45(2):156-174.
  10. Kessler RC, Ames M, Hymel PA, Loeppke R, McKenas DK, Richling DE, Stang PE, Ustun TB. Using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) to evaluate the indirect workplace costs of illness. J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Jun;46(6 Suppl):S23-37.
  11. Wang PS, Beck A, Berglund P, Leutzinger JA, Pronk N, Richling D, Schenk TW, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Kessler RC. Chronic medical conditions and work performance in the health and work performance questionnaire calibration surveys. J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Dec;45(12):1303-1311.
  12. Lerner D, Amick BC 3rd, Rogers WH, Malspeis S, Bungay K, Cynn D. The Work Limitations Questionnaire. Med Care. 2001 Jan;39(1):72-85.
Cancer - Colorectal:
  1. Seifeldin R, Hantsch JJ. The economic burden associated with colon cancer in the United States. Clinical Therapeutics. 1999; 21(8): 1370-1379.
  2. U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. United States Cancer Statistics: 1999–2007 Incidence and Mortality Web-based Report. Atlanta (GA): Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Cancer Institute; 2010. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/uscs.
  3. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org.
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.
  5. Matson Koffman DM, Lanza A, Campbell KP. A Purchaser's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: A tool to improve health care coverage for prevention. Preventing Chronic Disease, April 2008; 5(2)
  6. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. Program evaluation. In: O’Donnell MP, editor. Health promotion in the workplace, 3rd edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning; 2002. p 116-165.
  7. Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, Berglund P, Cleary PD, McKenas D, Pronk N, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Wang P. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Feb;45(2):156-174.
  8. Kessler RC, Ames M, Hymel PA, Loeppke R, McKenas DK, Richling DE, Stang PE, Ustun TB. Using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) to evaluate the indirect workplace costs of illness. J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Jun;46(6 Suppl):S23-37.
  9. Wang PS, Beck A, Berglund P, Leutzinger JA, Pronk N, Richling D, Schenk TW, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Kessler RC. Chronic medical conditions and work performance in the health and work performance questionnaire calibration surveys. J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Dec;45(12):1303-1311.
  10. Lerner D, Amick BC 3rd, Rogers WH, Malspeis S, Bungay K, Cynn D. The Work Limitations Questionnaire. Med Care. 2001 Jan;39(1):72-85.
  11. National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health. Colorectal Cancer (PDQ): Prevention. Available from: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/colorectal/HealthProfessional/page3.
  12. Vainio H, Bianchini F, eds. IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention, Vol 6: Weight Control and Physical Activity. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2002.
  13. Curry S, Byers T, Hewitt M, eds. Fulfilling the Potential of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2003.
  14. The health consequences of smoking: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, Ga.: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; Washington, D.C. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2004/index.htm.
Cholesterol:
  1. Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, De Simone G, Ferguson TB, Flegal K, Ford E, Furie K, Go A, Greenlund K, Haase N, Hailpern S, Ho M, Howard V, Kissela B, Kittner S, Lackland D, Lisabeth L, Marelli A, McDermott M, Meigs J, Mozaffarian D, Nichol G, O'Donnell C, Roger V, Rosamond W, Sacco R, Sorlie P, Stafford R, Steinberger J, Thom T, Wasserthiel-Smoller S, Wong N, Wylie-Rosett J, Hong Y; American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2009;119:e21-181.
  2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Cholesterol Education Program. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III): executive summary. NIH Publication No. 01-3670. Bethesda, MD: May 2001. Available from: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/cholesterol/.
  3. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org [PDF - 51KB].
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.
  5. Matson Koffman DM, Goetzel RZ, Anwuri VV, Shore K, Orenstein D, LaPier T. Heart-healthy and stroke-free: successful business strategies to prevent cardiovascular disease. Am J Prev Med. 2005; 29(5), suppl. 1:113-121.
  6. Goetzel RZ, Anderson DR, Whitmer RW, Ozminkowski RJ, Dunn RL, Wasserman J; Health Enhancement Research Organization (HERO) Research Committee. The relationship between modifiable health risks and health care expenditures. An analysis of the multi-employer HERO health risk and cost database. J Occup Environ Med. 1998 Oct;40(10):843-854.
  7. Tsai SP, Wendt JK, Ahmed FS, Donnelly RP, Strawmyer TR. Illness absence patterns among employees in a petrochemical facility: impact of selected health risk factors. J Occup Environ Med. 2005 Aug;47(8):838-846.
  8. Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, Berglund P, Cleary PD, McKenas D, Pronk N, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Wang P. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Feb;45(2):156-174.
  9. Kessler RC, Ames M, Hymel PA, Loeppke R, McKenas DK, Richling DE, Stang PE, Ustun TB. Using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) to evaluate the indirect workplace costs of illness. J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Jun;46(6 Suppl):S23-37.
  10. Wang PS, Beck A, Berglund P, Leutzinger JA, Pronk N, Richling D, Schenk TW, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Kessler RC. Chronic medical conditions and work performance in the health and work performance questionnaire calibration surveys. J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Dec;45(12):1303-1311.
  11. Lerner D, Amick BC 3rd, Rogers WH, Malspeis S, Bungay K, Cynn D. The Work Limitations Questionnaire. Med Care. 2001 Jan;39(1):72-85.
  12. Matson Koffman DM, Lanza A, Campbell KP. A Purchaser's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: A tool to improve health care coverage for prevention. Preventing Chronic Disease, April 2008; 5(2).
  13. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. Program evaluation. In: O’Donnell MP, editor. Health promotion in the workplace, 3rd edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning; 2002. p 116-165.
  14. Heidenreich PA, Trogdon JG, Khavjou OA, Butler J, Dracup K, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Forecasting the future of cardiovascular disease in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. Mar 1 2011;123(8):933—944. Epub 2011 Jan 24.
Depression:
  1. Valenstein M, Vijan S, Zeber JE, Boehm K, Buttar A. The cost-utility of screening for depression in primary care. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134: 345-360.
  2. American Association of Geriatric Psychiatry (2008). Geriatrics and mental health—the facts. Available from: http://www.aagponline.org/prof/facts_mh.asp [accessed Dec 8, 2008].
  3. Pratt LA, Brody DJ. Depression in the United States household population, 2005-2006. National Center for Health Statistics: NCHS Data Brief No. 7; 2008. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db07.htm#ref08.
  4. National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States, 2007, with Chartbook on trends in the health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD: 2007.
  5. Leopold RS. A Year in the Life of a Million American Workers. New York, New York: MetLife Disability Group; 2001.
  6. Stewart WF, Ricci JA, Chee E, Hahn SR, Morganstein D. Cost of lost productive work time among US workers with depression. JAMA. 2003 Jun 18;289(23):3135-3144.
  7. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. (October 11, 2007). The NSDUH Report: Depression among Adults Employed Full-Time, by Occupational Category. Rockville, MD. Available from: http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/2k7/depression/occupation.htm.
  8. Myette L, Garuso G, Stave G. Depression in the Working Population: Position Statement [Internet]. Elk Grove Village, Illinois: American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; 2009 [cited Feb 4, 2010]. Available from: http://www.acoem.org/guidelines.aspx?id=5613
  9. Weeks JL, Levy BS, Wagner GR, editors. Preventing occupational disease and injury. 2nd ed. Washington DC: American Public Health Association; 2005.
  10. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org [PDF - 31KB].
  11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.
  12. Matson Koffman DM, Lanza A, Campbell KP. A Purchaser's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: A tool to improve health care coverage for prevention. Preventing Chronic Disease, April 2008; 5(2).
  13. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. Program evaluation. In: O’Donnell MP, editor. Health promotion in the workplace, 3rd edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning; 2002. p 116-165.
  14. Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, Berglund P, Cleary PD, McKenas D, Pronk N, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Wang P. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Feb;45(2):156-174.
  15. Kessler RC, Ames M, Hymel PA, Loeppke R, McKenas DK, Richling DE, Stang PE, Ustun TB. Using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) to evaluate the indirect workplace costs of illness. J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Jun;46(6 Suppl):S23-37.
  16. Wang PS, Beck A, Berglund P, Leutzinger JA, Pronk N, Richling D, Schenk TW, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Kessler RC. Chronic medical conditions and work performance in the health and work performance questionnaire calibration surveys. J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Dec;45(12):1303-1311.
  17. Lerner D, Amick BC 3rd, Rogers WH, Malspeis S, Bungay K, Cynn D. The Work Limitations Questionnaire. Med Care. 2001 Jan;39(1):72-85.
  18. Rost K, Smith JL, Dickinson M. The effect of improving primary care depression management on employee absenteeism and productivity. A randomized trial. Med Care. 2004 Dec;42(12):1202-10.
Diabetes - Type 2:
  1. American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2007. Diabetes Care. 2008; 31(3): 1-20.
  2. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org.
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.
  4. Matson Koffman DM, Lanza A, Campbell KP. A Purchaser's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: A tool to improve health care coverage for prevention. Preventing Chronic Disease, April 2008; 5(2).
  5. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. Program evaluation. In: O’Donnell MP, editor. Health promotion in the workplace, 3rd edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning; 2002. p 116-165.
  6. Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, Berglund P, Cleary PD, McKenas D, Pronk N, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Wang P. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Feb;45(2):156-174.
  7. Kessler RC, Ames M, Hymel PA, Loeppke R, McKenas DK, Richling DE, Stang PE, Ustun TB. Using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) to evaluate the indirect workplace costs of illness. J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Jun;46(6 Suppl):S23-37.
  8. Wang PS, Beck A, Berglund P, Leutzinger JA, Pronk N, Richling D, Schenk TW, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Kessler RC. Chronic medical conditions and work performance in the health and work performance questionnaire calibration surveys. J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Dec;45(12):1303-1311.
  9. Lerner D, Amick BC 3rd, Rogers WH, Malspeis S, Bungay K, Cynn D. The Work Limitations Questionnaire. Med Care. 2001 Jan;39(1):72-85.
Nutrition:
  1. Pignone MP, Ammerman A, Fernandez L, Orleans CT, Pender N, Woolf S, Lohr KN, Sutton S. Counseling to promote a healthy diet in adults: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Am J Prev Med. 2003 Jan;24(1):75-92. Available from: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/3rduspstf/diet/dietsum.htm.
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Public health strategies for preventing and controlling overweight and obesity in school and worksite settings. A report on recommendations of the Task Force on Community Preventive Services. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2005;54(RR10):1-12
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.
  4. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. Program evaluation. In: O’Donnell MP, editor. Health promotion in the workplace, 3rd edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning; 2002. p 116-165.
  5. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org.
  6. Matson Koffman DM, Lanza A, Campbell KP. A Purchaser's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: A tool to improve health care coverage for prevention. Preventing Chronic Disease, April 2008; 5(2).
  7. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005. 6th Edition, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, January 2005. Available from: http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document/pdf/DGA2005.pdf [PDF - 3.9MB].
Obesity:
  1. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org.
  2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.
  3. Matson Koffman DM, Lanza A, Campbell KP. A Purchaser's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: A tool to improve health care coverage for prevention. Preventing Chronic Disease, April 2008; 5(2).
  4. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. Program evaluation. In: O’Donnell MP, editor. Health promotion in the workplace, 3rd edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning; 2002. p 116-165.
  5. Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, Berglund P, Cleary PD, McKenas D, Pronk N, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Wang P. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Feb;45(2):156-174.
  6. Kessler RC, Ames M, Hymel PA, Loeppke R, McKenas DK, Richling DE, Stang PE, Ustun TB. Using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) to evaluate the indirect workplace costs of illness. J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Jun;46(6 Suppl):S23-37.
  7. Wang PS, Beck A, Berglund P, Leutzinger JA, Pronk N, Richling D, Schenk TW, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Kessler RC. Chronic medical conditions and work performance in the health and work performance questionnaire calibration surveys. J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Dec;45(12):1303-1311.
  8. Lerner D, Amick BC 3rd, Rogers WH, Malspeis S, Bungay K, Cynn D. The Work Limitations Questionnaire. Med Care. 2001 Jan;39(1):72-85.
  9. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010. 2nd ed. With Understanding and Improving Health and Objectives for Improving Health. 2 vols. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000.
  10. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 2005. 6th Edition. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, January 2005. Available from: http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document/pdf/DGA2005.pdf [PDF - 3.9MB].
  11. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2008. U.S. Government Printing Office, October 2008. Available from : http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf [PDF - 8.4MB].
  12. Physical activity for a healthy weight. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; [updated 2008 Jun 20; cited 2008 Aug 26]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/healthyweight/physical_activity/
  13. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in cooperation with The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults: the evidence report. Bethesda (MD): 1998: NIH Publication No. 98-4083. National Institutes of Health.
Physical Activity:
  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.
  2. US Department of Health and Human Services. Physical activity evaluation handbook. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2002.
  3. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. Program evaluation. In: O’Donnell MP, editor. Health promotion in the workplace, 3rd edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning; 2002. p 116-165.
  4. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2008. U.S. Government Printing Office, October 2008. Available from: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/pdf/paguide.pdf [PDF - 8.4MB].
Tobacco Use:
  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and productivity losses – United States, 2000-2004. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2008; 57(45): 1226-1228.
  2. Warner KE, Smith RJ, Smith DG, Fries BE. Health and economic implications of a work-site smoking-cessation program: a simulation analysis. J Occup Environ Med. 1996; 38(10): 981-992.
  3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and economic costs – United States, 1997-2001. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2005; 54(25): 625-628.
  4. Campbell KP, Lanza A, Dixon R, Chattopadhyay S, Molinari N, Finch RA, editors. A Purchaser’s Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage. Washington, DC: National Business Group on Health; 2006. Available from: http://www.businessgrouphealth.org.
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.
  6. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. Program evaluation. In: O’Donnell MP, editor. Health promotion in the workplace, 3rd edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning; 2002. p 116-165.
  7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Introduction to Process Evaluation in Tobacco Use Prevention and Control. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2008. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/publications/index.htm
  8. Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, Berglund P, Cleary PD, McKenas D, Pronk N, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Wang P. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Feb;45(2):156-174.
  9. Kessler RC, Ames M, Hymel PA, Loeppke R, McKenas DK, Richling DE, Stang PE, Ustun TB. Using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) to evaluate the indirect workplace costs of illness. J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Jun;46(6 Suppl):S23-37.
  10. Wang PS, Beck A, Berglund P, Leutzinger JA, Pronk N, Richling D, Schenk TW, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Kessler RC. Chronic medical conditions and work performance in the health and work performance questionnaire calibration surveys. J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Dec;45(12):1303-1311.
  11. Lerner D, Amick BC 3rd, Rogers WH, Malspeis S, Bungay K, Cynn D. The Work Limitations Questionnaire. Med Care. 2001 Jan;39(1):72-85.
  12. Matson Koffman DM, Lanza A, Campbell KP. A Purchaser's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: A tool to improve health care coverage for prevention. Preventing Chronic Disease, April 2008; 5(2).
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs):
  1. Bernard BP, editor. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease control and Prevention, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Musculoskeletal disorders and workplace factors: a critical review of epidemiologic evidence for work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, upper extremity, and lower back. July 1997. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-141. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-141/.
  2. NIOSH workers health chartbook 2004. NIOSH Publication No. 2004-146. Washington, D.C. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-146/ch2/ch2-6.asp.htm.
  3. National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine (2001). Musculoskeletal disorders and the workplace: low back and upper extremities. Panel on Musculoskeletal Disorders and the workplace. Commission on behavioral and social sciences and education. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Available from: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309072840.
  4. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In: Chapter 2: Fatal and nonfatal injuries, and selected illnesses and conditions. In: Worker health chartbook 2004. NIOSH publication no. 2004-146. Washington, D.C. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-146/ch2/ch2-6-1.asp.htm.
  5. Back, including spine and spinal cord. In: Chapter 2: Fatal and nonfatal injuries, and selected illnesses and conditions. In: Worker health chartbook 2004. NIOSH publication no. 2004-146. Washington, D.C. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-146/ch2/ch2-7-2.asp.htm.
  6. Yelin E, Murphy L, Cisternas M, Foreman A, Pasta D, Helmick C. Medical care expenditures and earnings losses among persons with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in 2003, and comparisons to 1997. Arthritis and Rheumatism 2007;56(5):1397-1407.
  7. Theis KA, Hootman JM, Helmick CG, Murphy LM, Bolen J, Langmaid G, Jones GC. State-specific prevalence of arthritis-attributable work limitation—United States, 2003. MMWR 2007; 56: 1045-1049.
  8. U.S. Department of Defense: Ergonomics Tech Guide 220: Booklet I, General Program Management Available from: http://www.ergoworkinggroup.org/ewgweb/IndexFrames/index3.htm.
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Elements of ergonomic programs: a primer based on evaluations of musculoskeletal disorders. 1997. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-117. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/97-117pd.html.
  10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Framework for program evaluation in public health. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1999;48(No. RR-11): 1-40.
  11. Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ. Program evaluation. In: O’Donnell MP, editor. Health promotion in the workplace, 3rd edition. Albany, NY: Delmar Thomson Learning; 2002. p 116-165.
  12. Weeks JL, Levy BS, Wagner GR, editors. Preventing occupational disease and injury. 2nd ed. Washington DC: American Public Health Association; 2005.
  13. Kessler RC, Barber C, Beck A, Berglund P, Cleary PD, McKenas D, Pronk N, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Wang P. The World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ). J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Feb;45(2):156-174.
  14. Kessler RC, Ames M, Hymel PA, Loeppke R, McKenas DK, Richling DE, Stang PE, Ustun TB. Using the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) to evaluate the indirect workplace costs of illness. J Occup Environ Med. 2004 Jun;46(6 Suppl):S23-37.
  15. Wang PS, Beck A, Berglund P, Leutzinger JA, Pronk N, Richling D, Schenk TW, Simon G, Stang P, Ustun TB, Kessler RC. Chronic medical conditions and work performance in the health and work performance questionnaire calibration surveys. J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Dec;45(12):1303-1311.
  16. Lerner D, Amick BC 3rd, Rogers WH, Malspeis S, Bungay K, Cynn D. The Work Limitations Questionnaire. Med Care. 2001 Jan;39(1):72-85.

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Glossary:

  1. Burton W, Conti D. The real measure of productivity. Business & Health. 1999; 34-36.
  2. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Helping patients who drink too much: a clinician's guide, updated 2005 edition. Rockville: National Institutes of Health; 2005 [cited 2008 Dec 5]. Available from: http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Practitioner/CliniciansGuide2005/guide.pdf [PDF - 1.56MB]
  3. The Guide to Community Preventive Services. [Internet]. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; [updated 2010 Feb 18; cited 2010 Feb 22]. The Guide to Community Preventive Services Glossary; [about 5 screens]. Available from: http://www.thecommunityguide.org/about/glossary.html
  4. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000.
  5. Turnock BJ. Public health: what it is and how it works. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers; 1997.
  6. National Institutes of Health. [Internet]. Bethesda: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2009 [cited 2010 Feb 12]. National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse; [about 3 screens]. Available from: http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/dictionary/pages/a-d.htm#D.
  7. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission [Internet]. Washington, DC: [updated 2009 Nov 21; cited 2010 Feb 22]. Section 902 Definition of the Term Disability Notice Concerning The Americans With Disabilities Act Amendments Act Of 2008; [about 12 screens]. Available from: http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/902cm.html#902.1a.
  8. Brownson RC.  Gurney JG,  Land G.  Evidenced-based decision making is public health.  Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 1999;5:86-97.
  9. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine (NLM). In: Selden, C.R.; Zorn, M.; Ratzan, S.; et al.; eds. Health Literacy, January 1990 Through 1999. NLM Pub. No. CBM 2000-1. Bethesda, MD: NLM, February 2000, vi.
  10. National Committee on Quality Assurance [Internet]. Washington, DC: [cited 2010 Feb 22].HEDIS & Quality Measurement; [about 2 screens]. Available from: http://www.ncqa.org/tabid/59/Default.aspx.
  11. VanWormer JJ, Pronk NP. Rewarding change: principles for implementing worksite incentive programs. In: Pronk NP, editor. ACSM's worksite health handbook, 2nd edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2009. p. 239-247.
  12. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. STRESS...At Work. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; 1999. NIOSH Publication No. 99-101. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/stresswk.html.
  13. Chapman LS. Presenteeism and its role in worksite health promotion. Am J Health Promot. 2005;19(4): suppl 1-8.
  14. Adams K, Greiner AC, Corrigan JM. (Eds) Report of a summit. The 1st annual crossing the quality chasm summit—A focus on communities. 2004. Washington DC National Academies Press.
  15. Andreasen, Alan. 1995. Marketing social change: Changing behavior to promote health, social development, and the environment. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

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