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Occupational Employment and Wages, May 2011
35-0000 Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations (Major Group)
This major group comprises the following occupations:
Chefs and Head Cooks ;
First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers ;
Cooks, Fast Food ;
Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria ;
Cooks, Private Household ;
Cooks, Restaurant ;
Cooks, Short Order ;
Cooks, All Other ;
Food Preparation Workers ;
Bartenders ;
Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food ;
Counter Attendants, Cafeteria, Food Concession, and Coffee Shop ;
Waiters and Waitresses ;
Food Servers, Nonrestaurant ;
Dining Room and Cafeteria Attendants and Bartender Helpers ;
Dishwashers ;
Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop ;
Food Preparation and Serving Related Workers, All Other
National estimates for this occupation
Industry profile for this occupation
Geographic profile for this occupation
National estimates for this occupation: Top
Employment estimate and mean wage estimates for this major group:
| Employment (1) |
Employment
RSE (3) |
Mean hourly
wage |
Mean annual
wage (2) |
Wage RSE (3) |
| 11,218,710 |
0.1 % |
$10.30 |
$21,430 |
0.2 % |
Percentile wage estimates for this major group:
| Percentile |
10% |
25% |
50%
(Median) |
75% |
90% |
| Hourly Wage |
$7.78 |
$8.35 |
$9.09 |
$11.16 |
$14.65 |
| Annual Wage (2) |
$16,180 |
$17,370 |
$18,900 |
$23,200 |
$30,460 |
Industry profile for this occupation: Top
Industries with the highest published employment and wages for this occupation are provided.
For a list of all industries with employment in this occupation, see the Create Customized Tables function.
Industries with the highest levels of employment in this occupation:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Full-Service Restaurants |
4,275,140 |
93.92 |
$10.41 |
$21,660 |
| Limited-Service Eating Places |
3,614,590 |
88.12 |
$9.31 |
$19,360 |
| Special Food Services |
449,670 |
78.71 |
$11.23 |
$23,360 |
| Traveler Accommodation |
429,430 |
25.26 |
$12.43 |
$25,850 |
| Elementary and Secondary Schools |
402,750 |
4.80 |
$11.29 |
$23,480 |
Industries with the highest concentration of employment in this occupation:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Full-Service Restaurants |
4,275,140 |
93.92 |
$10.41 |
$21,660 |
| Limited-Service Eating Places |
3,614,590 |
88.12 |
$9.31 |
$19,360 |
| Drinking Places (Alcoholic Beverages) |
296,030 |
85.28 |
$10.07 |
$20,940 |
| Special Food Services |
449,670 |
78.71 |
$11.23 |
$23,360 |
| Rooming and Boarding Houses |
4,730 |
42.75 |
$10.89 |
$22,650 |
Top paying industries for this occupation:
| Industry |
Employment (1) |
Percent of industry employment |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Rail Transportation |
340 |
0.15 |
$20.44 |
$42,520 |
| Agents and Managers for Artists, Athletes, Entertainers, and Other Public Figures |
60 |
0.30 |
$18.85 |
$39,210 |
| Federal Executive Branch (OES Designation) |
12,820 |
0.62 |
$18.39 |
$38,250 |
| Electrical and Electronic Goods Merchant Wholesalers |
40 |
0.01 |
$15.74 |
$32,750 |
| State Government (OES Designation) |
17,420 |
0.77 |
$15.72 |
$32,700 |
Geographic profile for this occupation: Top
States and areas with the highest published employment, location quotients, and wages for this occupation are provided.
For a list of all areas with employment in this occupation, see the Create Customized Tables function.
States with the highest employment level in this occupation:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| California |
1,246,720 |
88.80 |
1.02 |
$10.69 |
$22,240 |
| Texas |
887,810 |
86.16 |
0.99 |
$9.48 |
$19,710 |
| Florida |
731,220 |
102.24 |
1.17 |
$10.22 |
$21,250 |
| New York |
630,580 |
74.82 |
0.86 |
$11.45 |
$23,810 |
| Pennsylvania |
463,790 |
83.58 |
0.96 |
$10.56 |
$21,970 |
States with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in this occupation:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Nevada |
160,920 |
144.61 |
1.65 |
$11.88 |
$24,700 |
| Hawaii |
70,380 |
121.93 |
1.39 |
$12.23 |
$25,440 |
| Montana |
44,280 |
104.17 |
1.19 |
$9.56 |
$19,880 |
| Florida |
731,220 |
102.24 |
1.17 |
$10.22 |
$21,250 |
| South Dakota |
38,590 |
98.27 |
1.12 |
$9.38 |
$19,510 |
Top paying States for this occupation:
| State |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| District of Columbia |
44,110 |
68.42 |
0.78 |
$13.24 |
$27,550 |
| Massachusetts |
267,920 |
84.87 |
0.97 |
$12.27 |
$25,530 |
| Hawaii |
70,380 |
121.93 |
1.39 |
$12.23 |
$25,440 |
| Washington |
237,670 |
87.36 |
1.00 |
$12.06 |
$25,090 |
| Vermont |
23,180 |
79.70 |
0.91 |
$11.99 |
$24,940 |
Metropolitan areas with the highest employment level in this occupation:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| New York-White Plains-Wayne, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division |
348,570 |
68.86 |
0.79 |
$12.37 |
$25,740 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division |
321,710 |
84.15 |
0.96 |
$10.40 |
$21,630 |
| Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL Metropolitan Division |
270,100 |
75.39 |
0.86 |
$10.56 |
$21,970 |
| Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX |
205,560 |
80.56 |
0.92 |
$9.65 |
$20,080 |
| Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA |
188,230 |
84.48 |
0.97 |
$9.98 |
$20,760 |
| Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division |
175,450 |
75.94 |
0.87 |
$11.83 |
$24,610 |
| Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division |
163,200 |
79.81 |
0.91 |
$9.68 |
$20,130 |
| Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ |
151,370 |
89.11 |
1.02 |
$10.86 |
$22,600 |
| Philadelphia, PA Metropolitan Division |
139,650 |
76.95 |
0.88 |
$11.47 |
$23,860 |
| Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI |
137,690 |
80.46 |
0.92 |
$10.33 |
$21,490 |
Metropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in this occupation:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Myrtle Beach-North Myrtle Beach-Conway, SC |
20,170 |
184.04 |
2.10 |
$9.54 |
$19,850 |
| Ocean City, NJ |
5,910 |
162.89 |
1.86 |
$10.95 |
$22,780 |
| Las Vegas-Paradise, NV |
128,880 |
159.90 |
1.83 |
$12.27 |
$25,520 |
| Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ |
20,510 |
153.42 |
1.75 |
$11.87 |
$24,690 |
| Sandusky, OH |
5,360 |
152.75 |
1.75 |
$9.17 |
$19,080 |
| Flagstaff, AZ |
7,970 |
142.92 |
1.63 |
$10.22 |
$21,270 |
| Naples-Marco Island, FL |
15,700 |
141.31 |
1.62 |
$11.78 |
$24,500 |
| Lawrence, KS |
6,280 |
138.44 |
1.58 |
$9.09 |
$18,900 |
| Panama City-Lynn Haven-Panama City Beach, FL |
9,400 |
138.04 |
1.58 |
$9.18 |
$19,100 |
| Punta Gorda, FL |
5,220 |
133.45 |
1.53 |
$10.32 |
$21,460 |
Top paying metropolitan areas for this occupation:
| Metropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA NECTA Division |
133,540 |
79.69 |
0.91 |
$12.84 |
$26,700 |
| San Francisco-San Mateo-Redwood City, CA Metropolitan Division |
94,610 |
98.59 |
1.13 |
$12.69 |
$26,400 |
| Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division |
109,900 |
80.24 |
0.92 |
$12.58 |
$26,170 |
| Napa, CA |
7,650 |
123.91 |
1.42 |
$12.56 |
$26,130 |
| Peabody, MA NECTA Division |
9,380 |
94.17 |
1.08 |
$12.42 |
$25,820 |
| Barnstable Town, MA |
11,840 |
126.31 |
1.44 |
$12.38 |
$25,750 |
| New York-White Plains-Wayne, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division |
348,570 |
68.86 |
0.79 |
$12.37 |
$25,740 |
| Las Vegas-Paradise, NV |
128,880 |
159.90 |
1.83 |
$12.27 |
$25,520 |
| Burlington-South Burlington, VT |
8,610 |
77.27 |
0.88 |
$12.26 |
$25,490 |
| Santa Fe, NM |
6,750 |
113.20 |
1.29 |
$12.08 |
$25,120 |
Nonmetropolitan areas with the highest employment in this occupation:
| Nonmetropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Kansas nonmetropolitan area |
31,930 |
83.85 |
0.96 |
$9.03 |
$18,770 |
| Balance of Lower Peninsula of Michigan nonmetropolitan area |
24,450 |
88.70 |
1.01 |
$9.66 |
$20,080 |
| Other North Carolina nonmetropolitan area |
24,330 |
83.31 |
0.95 |
$9.14 |
$19,020 |
| Other Ohio nonmetropolitan area |
23,460 |
88.20 |
1.01 |
$9.65 |
$20,080 |
| Hawaii / Maui / Kauai nonmetropolitan area |
23,200 |
152.79 |
1.75 |
$13.06 |
$27,170 |
Nonmetropolitan areas with the highest concentration of jobs and location quotients in this occupation:
| Nonmetropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| New Shoreham Town, Rhode Island nonmetropolitan area |
80 |
180.77 |
2.07 |
$12.34 |
$25,660 |
| Eastern Sierra Region of California nonmetropolitan area |
2,340 |
171.06 |
1.96 |
$11.15 |
$23,190 |
| Hawaii / Maui / Kauai nonmetropolitan area |
23,200 |
152.79 |
1.75 |
$13.06 |
$27,170 |
| North Central Colorado nonmetropolitan area |
10,920 |
151.80 |
1.74 |
$12.20 |
$25,370 |
| Nantucket Island and Martha's Vineyard nonmetropolitan area |
2,050 |
148.24 |
1.70 |
$13.47 |
$28,020 |
Top paying nonmetropolitan areas for this occupation:
| Nonmetropolitan area |
Employment (1) |
Employment per thousand jobs |
Location quotient (9) |
Hourly mean wage |
Annual mean wage (2) |
| Nantucket Island and Martha's Vineyard nonmetropolitan area |
2,050 |
148.24 |
1.70 |
$13.47 |
$28,020 |
| Hawaii / Maui / Kauai nonmetropolitan area |
23,200 |
152.79 |
1.75 |
$13.06 |
$27,170 |
| North Central Massachusetts nonmetropolitan area |
2,140 |
98.64 |
1.13 |
$12.55 |
$26,090 |
| New Shoreham Town, Rhode Island nonmetropolitan area |
80 |
180.77 |
2.07 |
$12.34 |
$25,660 |
| North Central Colorado nonmetropolitan area |
10,920 |
151.80 |
1.74 |
$12.20 |
$25,370 |
About May 2011 National, State, Metropolitan, and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
These estimates are calculated with data collected from employers in all industry sectors, all metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, and all states and the District of Columbia.
The percentile wage estimate is the value of a wage below which a certain percent of workers fall.
The median wage is the 50th percentile wage estimate--50 percent of workers earn less than the median and 50 percent of workers earn more than the median.
More about percentile wages.
(1) Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers.
(2) Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours;
for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
(3) The relative standard error (RSE) is a measure of the reliability of a survey statistic. The smaller the relative standard error, the more precise the estimate.
(9) The location quotient is the ratio of the area concentration of occupational employment to the national average concentration.
A location quotient greater than one indicates the occupation has a higher share of employment than average, and a location quotient less than one indicates the occupation is less prevalent in the area than average.
Other OES estimates and related information:
May 2011 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2011 State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2011 Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Area Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
May 2011 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates
List of Occupations in SOC Code Number Order
List of Occupations in Alphabetical Order
Download May 2011 Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates in Zipped XLS files
Technical Notes
Last Modified Date: March 27, 2012
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