@article {5742,
	title = {Indium-tin-oxide-free tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) Al organic light-emitting diodes with 80\% enhanced power efficiency},
	journal = {Applied Physics Letters},
	volume = {99},
	number = {15},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Cai, Min Xiao, Teng Liu, Rui Chen, Ying Shinar, Ruth Shinar, JosephU.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division[DE-AC 02-07CH11358]This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, under Contract No. DE-AC 02-07CH11358.23Amer inst physicsMelville833kk},
	month = {10},
	pages = {153303},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Efficient indium tin oxide (ITO)-free small molecule organic light-emitting diodes (SMOLEDs) with multilayered highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the anode are demonstrated. PEDOT:PSS/MoO(3)/N,N{\textquoteright}-diphenyl- N,N{\textquoteright}-bis (1-naphthylphenyl)-1,1{\textquoteright}-biphenyl-4,4{\textquoteright}-diamine (NPD)/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) Al (Alq(3))/4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BPhen)/LiF/Al SMOLEDs exhibited a peak power efficiency of 3.82 lm/W, 81\% higher than that of similar ITO-based SMOLEDs (2.11 lm/W). The improved performance is believed to be due to the higher work function, lower refractive index, and decreased surface roughness of PEDOT:PSS vs ITO, and to Ohmic hole injection from PEDOT:PSS to the NPD layer via the MoO(3) interlayer. The results demonstrate that PEDOT:PSS can substitute TO in SMOLEDs with strongly improved device performance. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi :10.1063/1.3634210]},
	keywords = {anodes, films, highly conductive polymer, photovoltaics, solar-cells},
	isbn = {0003-6951},
	doi = {10.1063/1.3634210},
	author = {Cai, M. and Xiao, T. and Liu, R. and Chen, Y. and Shinar, R. and Shinar, J.}
}
