Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958–1960, Lebanon and Jordan, Volume XI
IV. Diplomatic Efforts to Resolve the Crisis in Jordan, July 18–August 21, 1958: Jordanian Request for U.S. Troops; The Murphy Mission; U.S. Response to a Soviet Proposal for a Heads of Government Meeting; The Lebanese Presidential Election; Jordanian Request for Additional Military Aid and a Mutual Defense Treaty; Negotiations with the United Arab Republic; Emergency Session of the U.N. General Assembly: Document List
Document 190: Telegram From the Embassy in Jordan to the Department of State
Amman, July 18, 1958—10 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/7–1858. Secret; Niact; Limited Distribution. Repeated to Baghdad, London, Paris, and USUN.
Document 191: Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in the United Kingdom
Washington, July 18, 1958—8:30 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 780.00/7–1858. Top Secret; Limit Distribution. Drafted by Newsom and cleared by Rockwell and Frederick W. Jandrey in EUR.
Document 192: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, July 18, 1958—8 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/7–1858. Secret; Priority.
Document 193: Message From Prime Minister Macmillan to President Eisenhower
London, July 18, 1958.
Document 194: Letter From President Eisenhower to Prime Minister Macmillan
Washington, July 18, 1958.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 780.00/7–1858. Secret; Presidential Handling. Drafted by Dulles, cleared by Rountree and Eisenhower. Transmitted to London in telegram 597 with instructions to deliver to Prime Minister “soonest.” Telegram 597 is the source text.
Document 195: Editorial Note
Document 196: Memorandum of a Telephone Conversation Between the President and the Secretary of State, Washington, July 19, 1958, 10:04 a.m.
Washington, July 19, 1958, 10:04 a.m.
Source: Eisenhower Library, Dulles Papers, White House Telephone Conversations. Transcribed in the Secretary’s office by Phyllis D. Bernau.
Document 197: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, July 19, 1958—5 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/7–1958. Secret; Niact.
Document 198: Memorandum of a Conversation, Washington, July 19, 1958, 4 p.m.
Washington, July 19, 1958, 4 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/7–1958. Top Secret. Drafted by Rockwell. The source text indicates that the conversation took place at the Secretary’s residence. A summary of this conversation was sent to the principal concerned posts in Europe and the Middle East, and to USUN. (Circular telegram 78, July 19; ibid.)
Document 199: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, July 19, 1958—7 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 110.13–MU/7–1958. Secret; Priority.
Document 200: Editorial Note
Document 201: Memorandum of a Telephone Conversation Between the President and the Secretary of State, Washington, July 19, 1958, 4:57 p.m.
Washington, July 19, 1958, 4:57 p.m.
Source: Eisenhower Library, Dulles Papers, White House Telephone Conversations. Transcribed in the Secretary’s office by Phyllis D. Bernau.
Document 202: Memorandum of a Conversation, British Embassy, Washington, July 19, 1958, 6 p.m.
Washington, July 19, 1958, 6 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 033.4111/7–1958. Top Secret. Drafted by Reinhardt.
Document 203: Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Jordan
Washington, July 19, 1958—10:48 p.m.
source: Department of State, Central Files, 787.00/7–1958. Secret; Niact. Repeated to Baghdad, Beirut, Cairo, Jidda, Ankara, Tehran, Karachi, Tel Aviv, London, Paris, Damascus, and USUN. Drafted by Rockwell, cleared in draft by Rountree, and approved and signed by Dulles.
Document 204: Memorandum of a Conversation, Washington, July 20, 1958, 10:30 a.m.
Washington, July 20, 1958, 10:30 a.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 033.4111/7–2058. Secret. Drafted by Reinhardt. The source text indicates that the conversation took place at a breakfast meeting at the Secretary’s residence.
Document 205: Memorandum of a Conference With the President, White House, Washington, July 20, 1958, 3:45 p.m.
Washington, July 20, 1958, 3:45 p.m.
Source: Eisenhower Library, Whitman File, Eisenhower Diaries. Top Secret. Drafted by Goodpaster on July 21. The full text of this memorandum is scheduled for publication in volume XII.
Document 206: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, July 21, 1958—1 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 320.5783A/7–2158. Secret; Niact. Repeated to London, Paris, and USUN.
Document 207: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, July 21, 1958—2 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/7–2158. Secret. Priority. Repeated to USUN and London.
Document 208: Memorandum of a Conversation, Department of State, Washington, July 21, 1958
Washington, July 21, 1958
source: Department of State, Central Files, 396.1/7–2158. Confidential. Drafted by Kohler.
Document 209: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, July 21, 1958—4 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/7–2158. Secret; Niact; No Distribution Outside the Department.
Document 210: Memorandum of a Conversation Between the President and the Secretary of State, White House, Washington, July 21, 1958, 5:05 p.m.
Washington, July 21, 1958, 5:05 p.m.
Source: Eisenhower Library, Dulles Papers, Meetings With the President. Secret; Personal and Private. Drafted by Reinhardt.
Document 211: Telegram From the Embassy in Jordan to the Department of State
Amman, July 21, 1958—7 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/7–2158. Secret; Niact. Repeated to Ankara, Baghdad, Beirut, Cairo, Jidda, Karachi, London, Paris, Tehran, Tel Aviv, and Damascus. Received at 8:28 p.m. and passed to the Department of Defense at 11 p.m.
Document 212: Telegram From the Embassy in Jordan to the Department of State
Amman, July 22, 1958—1 a.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/7–2258. Secret; Niact. Repeated to Ankara, Baghdad, Beirut, Cairo, Jidda, Karachi, London, Paris, Tehran, Tel Aviv, and Damascus. Received at 12:55 a.m. and passed to the Department of Defense.
Document 213: Letter From the President to George M. Humphrey
Washington, July 22, 1958.
Source: Eisenhower Library, Whitman File, Eisenhower Diaries. Personal and Confidential. Humphrey resigned as Secretary of the Treasury in May 1957.
Document 214: Letter From Prime Minister Macmillan to President Eisenhower
London, July 22, 1958.
Document 215: Memorandum of a Telephone Conversation Between the Secretary of State in Washington and the Permanent Representative at the United Nations (Lodge) in New York, July 22, 1958, 5:54 p.m.
New York, July 22, 1958, 5:54 p.m.
Source: Eisenhower Library, Dulles Papers, General Telephone Conversations. Transcribed in the Secretary’s office by Phyllis D. Bernau. The source text indicates that Lodge placed the call.
Document 216: Message From Foreign Secretary Lloyd to Secretary of State Dulles
London, July 22, 1958.
Document 217: Editorial Note
Document 218: Editorial Note
Document 219: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, July 22, 1958—9 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 110.13–MU/7–2258. Secret.
Document 220: Memorandum of a Conversation, Department of State, Washington, July 23, 1958, 11 a.m.
Washington, July 23, 1958, 11 a.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/7–2358. Top Secret; Presidential Handling. Drafted in S/S–RO by R.A. McKinnon and approved as accurate by Reinhardt.
Document 221: Memorandum of a Conference With the President, White House, Washington, July 23, 1958, 3 p.m.
Washington, July 23, 1958, 3 p.m.
Source: Eisenhower Library, Whitman File, Eisenhower Diaries. Secret. Drafted by Goodpaster. The full text of this document is scheduled for publication in volume XII.
Document 222: Letter From President Eisenhower to Prime Minister Macmillan
Washington, July 23, 1958.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/7–2358. Secret; Presidential Handling. Transmitted to London in telegram 884 with instructions to pass to the Prime Minister from the President. Telegram 884 is the source text. Drafted by Dulles and cleared by Eisenhower. a draft of this letter, with Eisenhower’s handwritten revisions, is in Eisenhower Library, Dulles Papers, Meetings with the President.
Document 223: Editorial Note
Document 224: Message From Foreign Secretary Lloyd to Secretary of State Dulles
London, July 24, 1958.
Source: Department of State, Presidential Correspondence: Lot 66 D 204. Secret. The text of the message was conveyed to the Department on July 24 under a covering note from Hood to Dulles.
Document 225: Telegram From the Embassy in Jordan to the Department of State
Amman, July 24, 1958—2 a.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/7–2458. Secret; Priority. Also sent to Ankara and repeated to Baghdad, Cairo, Damascus, London, and Paris.
Document 226: Memorandum of Discussion at the 373d Meeting of the National Security Council, Washington, July 24, 1958
Washington, July 24, 1958
Source: Eisenhower Library, Whitman File, NSC Records. Top Secret; Eyes Only. Drafted by Boggs on July 25. The full text of the discussion of item 2 is scheduled for publication in volume XII.
Document 227: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut July 24, 1958—4 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 110.13–MU/7–2458. Secret.
Document 228: Memorandum for the Record by the Secretary of State’s Staff Assistant (Boster)
Washington, July 24, 1958.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 396.1/7–2458. Confidential.
Document 229: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut July 24, 1958—7 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/7–2458. Secret; Priority. Repeated to London, Paris, and USUN.
Document 230: Editorial Note
Document 231: Memorandum for the Record by the Secretary of State’s Staff Assistant (Boster)
Washington, July 25, 1958.
source: Department of State, Central Files, 396.1/7–2558. Confidential; Eyes Only.
Document 232: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, July 25, 1958—5 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/7–2558. Secret; Niact. Holloway sent a separate report on this meeting to Admiral Burke in CINCSPECOMME telegram 6238 to CNO, July 25. (National Archives and Records Administration, RG 218, JCS Files: CCS Lebanon (5–13–58) Sec. 4; included in the microfiche supplement)
Document 233: Telegram From the Embassy in Jordan to the Department of State
Amman, July 25, 1958–7 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/7–2558. Top Secret; Niact.
Document 234: Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Lebanon
Washington, July 25, 1958—10:38 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 110.13–MU/7–2558. Secret; Priority; Limited Distribution. Drafted by Bergus and cleared by Rockwell, Rountree, Sisco, Walmsley, and Dulles. Repeated to USUN.
Document 235: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Delegation at the Baghdad Pact Council Meetings, at London
Beirut, July 26, 1958—3 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/7–2658. Secret. Repeated to the Department of State. The source text is the Department of State copy.
Document 236: Telegram From the Department of State to the Delegation at the Baghdad Pact Council Meetings, at London
Washington, July 26, 1958–4:33 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/7–2558. Top Secret; Priority. Drafted by Rockwell and cleared by Herter and in substance by Irwin in Defense.
Document 237: Telegram From the Secretary of State to the Department of State
London, July 28, 1958—3 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Presidential Correspondence: Lot 66 D 204. Top Secret; Priority. The telegram was marked in the Department of State for Presidential handling, which indicates that it was sent to the White House for Eisenhower.
Document 238: Editorial Note
Document 239: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, July 28, 1958—6 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/7–2858. Secret; Priority. Repeated to London.
Document 240: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, July 30, 1958—noon.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/7–3058. Secret; Priority.
Document 241: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, July 30, 1958—2 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/7–3058. Secret; Priority.
Document 242: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, July 30, 1958–9 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/7–3058. Secret; Niact. Repeated to Amman.
Document 243: Telegram From the Embassy in Israel to the Department of State
Tel Aviv, July 31, 1958—9 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 110.13–MU/7–3158. Secret; Priority. Repeated to Amman. Murphy arrived in Amman on the afternoon of July 30 and departed for Tel Aviv on the evening of July 31.
Document 244: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, July 31, 1958—9 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/7–3158. Secret; Priority. Repeated to Cairo, London, Paris, and USUN.
Document 245: Editorial Note
Document 246: Letter From Secretary of State Dulles to Prime Minister Macmillan
Washington, August 1, 1958.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/8–258. Top Secret. Drafted in C by G.M. Godley and cleared by Frederick W. Jandrey in EUR, Berry in NEA, Dillon, Dulles, and in Defense by General Picher, Captain Costello, and Irwin. Transmitted to London in telegram 1398, August 2, for delivery to the Prime Minister. Telegram 1398, which is the source text, was repeated to Amman and to Beirut for Murphy.
Document 247: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, August 1, 1958–4 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/8–158. Secret; Priority. Repeated to Cairo, London, Paris, and USUN.
Document 248: Editorial Note
Document 249: Telegram From the Embassy in Iraq to the Department of State
Baghdad, August 2, 1958—6 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/8–258. Secret; Priority. Repeated to Beirut and USUN.
Document 250: Memorandum of a Conversation, Washington, August 3, 1958, 10 a.m.
Washington, August 3, 1958,10 a.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 786B.54/8–358. Top Secret. Drafted by Rockwell. The source text indicates that the conversation took place at the Secretary’s residence on Sunday morning.
Document 251: Memorandum of a Conversation, Washington, August 3, 1958, 3 p.m.
Washington, August 3, 1958, 3 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Secretary’s Memoranda of Conversation: Lot 64 D 199. Top Secret. Drafted by Rockwell. The source text indicates that the conversation took place at the Secretary’s residence on Sunday afternoon. A longer version of the conversation was transmitted to Tel Aviv in telegram 111, August 3. (Ibid., Central Files, 785.00/8–558; included in the microfiche supplement)
Document 252: Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Jordan
Washington, August 3, 1958—5 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.5/8–358. Top Secret. Drafted by Rockwell, Rountree, and Dulles.
Document 253: Telegram From the Embassy in Jordan to the Department of State
Amman, August 4, 1958—5 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.5/8–458. Top Secret; Niact.
Document 254: Editorial Note
Document 255: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut August 5, 1958—6 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/8–558. Secret. Repeated to Cairo, London, Paris, and USUN.
Document 256: Telegram From the Embassy in Jordan to the Department of State
Amman, August 6, 1958–7 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.5–MSP/8–658. Top Secret; Niact.
Document 257: Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Egypt
Washington, August 6, 1958—5:13 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/8–658. Top Secret. Drafted by Rockwell and cleared by Rountree. Also sent to Amman, Tel Aviv, and Damascus.
Document 258: Editorial Note
Document 259: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut August 7, 1958—11 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/8–758. Secret; Priority.
Document 260: Telegram From the Embassy in Ethiopia to the Department of State
Addis Ababa, August 8, 1958—3 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 780.00/8–858. Secret; Priority. Repeated to Cairo. Murphy traveled from Beirut to Cairo on August 6 and left Cairo for Addis Ababa on August 7. For his own account of the background to and meeting with Nasser, see Diplomat Among Warriors, pp. 498–506.
Document 261: Memorandum of a Conversation Between the Secretary of State and the Minister of the British Embassy (Lord Hood), Department of State, Washington, August 8, 1958, 11:30 a.m.
Washington, August 8, 1958, 11:30 a.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/8–858. Secret. Drafted by Reinhardt. Lord Hood was Chargé d’Affaires.
Document 262: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, August 9, 1958—2 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/8–958. Top Secret. Repeated to London.
Document 263: Telegram From the Embassy in Jordan to the Department of State
Amman, August 9, 1958—7 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/8–958. Secret; Niact. Repeated to Ankara, Baghdad, Beirut, Cairo, Damascus, Jerusalem, Jidda, Karachi, Tehran, Tel Aviv, USUN, London, Paris, and Rome.
Document 264: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut, August 11, 1958—2 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/8–1158. Secret; Niact.
Document 265: Telegram From the Embassy in the United Kingdom to the Department of State
London, August 11, 1958—3 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 780.00/8–1158. Top Secret; Priority. Repeated to Paris.
Document 266: Telegram From the Embassy in Jordan to the Department of State
Amman, August 12, 1958—5 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/8–1258. Secret; Niact. Also sent to USUN.
Document 267: Memorandum of a Conversation, New York, August 12, 1958, 3–4:30 p.m.
New York, August 12, 1958,3–4:30 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Conference Files: Lot 63 D 123, CF 1087. Secret. Drafted by Bergus. The source text indicates that the conversation took place in the Secretary’s suite in the Waldorf Towers.
Document 268: Memorandum of a Conversation, New York, August 12, 1958
New York, August 12, 1958
Source: Department of State, Conference Files: Lot 63 D 123, CF 1087. Secret. Drafted by Freers. A handwritten note on the memorandum reads: “Sec saw.” The source text indicates that the conversation took place at the Soviet Delegation headquarters.
Document 269: Editorial Note
Document 270: Memorandum of a Conversation, New York, August 14, 1958
New York, August 14, 1958
Source: Department of State, Conference Files: Lot 63 D 123, CF 1087. Secret. Drafted by Bergus. The source text indicates that the conversation took place in the Secretary’s suite in the Waldorf Towers.
Document 271: Memorandum of a Telephone Conversation Between the Secretary of State in New York and the Under Secretary of State (Herter) in Washington, August 14, 1958, 12:54 p.m.
Washington, August 14, 1958, 12:54 p.m.
Source: Eisenhower Library, Dulles Papers, General Telephone Conversations. Transcribed in New York by Phyllis D. Bernau. Dulles placed the call to Herter.
Document 272: Telegram From the Delegation at the United Nations to the Department of State
New York, August 14, 1958—7 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/8–1458. Secret; Priority. Repeated to London.
Document 273: Memorandum of a Telephone Conversation Between the Secretary of State in New York and the Under Secretary of State (Herter) in Washington, August 15, 1958, 1:04 p.m.
Washington, August 15, 1958, 1:04 p.m.
Source: Eisenhower Library, Dulles Papers, General Telephone Conversations. Transcribed in New York by Phyllis D. Bernau. Dulles placed the call to Herter.
Document 274: Telegram From the Embassy in Lebanon to the Department of State
Beirut August 15, 1958—4 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 783A.00/8–1558. Secret; Priority. Repeated to Damascus, Cairo, London, Paris, and USUN.
Document 275: Letter From the Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Murphy) to the Acting Secretary of State
Washington,August 15, 1958.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 611.80/8–1558. Top Secret. The full texts of the attached memorandum by Murphy, and the assessments of the memorandum by Dulles and Berry, cited below, are scheduled for publication in volume XII. An August 22 memorandum from Hanes to Herter summarized IO’s comments on the Murphy memorandum, and an undated memorandum, attached to the source text, contains an assessment prepared in S/P of Murphy’s recommendations. (Both ibid.; included in the microfiche supplement)
Document 276: Memorandum of a Conversation, New York, August 16, 1958
New York, August 16, 1958
Source: Department of State, Secretary’s Memoranda of Conversation: Lot 64 D 199. Secret. Drafted by Bergus. The source text indicates that the conversation took place in the Secretary’s suite in the Waldorf Towers.
Document 277: Telegram From the Embassy in Jordan to the Department of State
Amman, August 17, 1958—2 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/8–1758. Top Secret; Niact; Noforn. Repeated to USUN.
Document 278: Telegram From the Delegation at the United Nations to the Department of State
New York, August 18, 1958—7 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 320/8–1858. Confidential; Priority.
Document 279: Memorandum of a Conversation, New York, August 18, 1958, Noon
New York, August 18, 1958, Noon
Source: Department of State, Conference Files: Lot 63 D 123, CF 1097. Confidential. Drafted by Rountree and Lodge. The source text indicates that the conversation took place in the Secretary’s suite in the Waldorf Towers. The text of this memorandum of conversation was transmitted to the Department in Delga 655, August 18. (Ibid., Central Files, 320/8–1858)
Document 280: Memorandum of a Conversation, New York, August 18, 1958, 3 p.m.
New York, August 18, 1958, 3 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Conference Files: Lot 63 D 123, CF 1097. Secret. Drafted by E.L. Freers. The source text indicates that the conversation took place in the U.N. building.
Document 281: Telegram From the Embassy in Jordan to the Department of State
Amman, August 19, 1958—5 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.5/8–1958. Top Secret; Niact; Limited Distribution; Noforn. Repeated to USUN.
Document 282: Telegram From the Embassy in Jordan to the Department of State
Amman, August 20, 1958—11 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.5–MSP/8–2058. Top Secret; Niact; Limited Distribution; Noforn. Repeated emergency niact to USUN.
Document 283: Telegram From the Delegation at the United Nations to the Embassy in Jordan
New York, August 20, 1958—7 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/8–2058. Top Secret; Niact. Repeated to the Department as Secto 11. The source text is the Department of State copy.
Document 284: Editorial Note
Document 285: Memorandum of a Conversation, New York, August 21, 1958
New York, August 21, 1958
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/8–2158. Secret; Limit Distribution. Drafted by Rountree. The source text indicates that the conversation took place in the U.N. building.
Document 286: Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in Israel
Washington, August 21, 1958—7:24 p.m.
Source: Department of State, Central Files, 785.00/8–2158. Top Secret; Priority. Drafted by Rockwell and cleared by Berry and with C and JCS. Repeated to Amman, USUN, London, and Beirut.