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Safety and Health Topics: |
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| Chlorine |
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General Description
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 0640
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 7782-50-5
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: FO2100000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 1017 124
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Chlorine: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 1 ppm, 3 mg/m3 Ceiling
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 1 ppm, 3 mg/m3 TWA
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 0.5 ppm, 1.5 mg/m3 TWA; 1 ppm, 2.9 mg/m3 STEL; Appendix A4 (Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen)
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 0.5 ppm TWA; 1 ppm STEL
Health Factors
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 10 ppm
Potential symptoms: Eye, nose, mouth, skin burns; lacrimation; rhinorrhea; coughing, choking; nausea, vomiting; substernal pain; headache; dizziness, syncope; pulmonary edema; persistent airways obstruction, bronchial hyper-responsiveness; hypoxemia; dermatitis; CNS impairment (balance, reaction time, color confusion, visual field performance, blink latency, cognition, verbal recall, adverse mood states); decreased grip strength
Health Effects: Lung injury (HE11); Irritation-Eyes, Nose, Throat, Bronchi, Skin---Marked (HE14); Central Nervous System Disturbances (HE7)
Affected organs: Respiratory system; CNS
Note: The persistent respiratory symptoms after acute exposure have been called "Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome" (RADS), and unlike occupational asthma, RADS appears to be less responsive to bronchodilator (albuterol) inhalation therapy.
Date Last Revised: 05/13/2003
Literature Basis:
- (persistent respiratory symptoms)
Bhérer, L., Cushman, R., Courteau, J.P., Quévillon, M., Côté, G., Bourbeau, J., L'Archevêque, J., Cartier, A. and Malo, J.L.: Survey of construction workers repeatedly exposed to chlorine over a three to six month period in a pulpmill. II. Follow up of affected workers by questionnaire, spirometry, and assessment of bronchial responsiveness 18 to 24 months after exposure ended. Occup. Environ. Med. 51(4): 225-228, 1994.
- (resistance to albuterol)
Gautrin, D., Boulet, L.P., Boutet, M., Dugas, M., Bhérer, L., L'Archevêque, J., Laviolette, M., Côté, G. and Malo, J.L.: Is reactive airways dysfunction syndrome a variant of occupational asthma? J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 93(1 Pt. 1): 12-22, 1994.
- (CNS impairment)
Kilburn, K.H.: Chlorine-induced damage documented by neurophysiological, neuropsychological, and pulmonary testing. Arch. Environ. Health 55(1): 31-37, 2000.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
sampling media: Midget Fritted Glass Bubbler (MFGB) containing Sulfamic Acid solution (0.1%)
maximum volume: 240 Liters maximum flow rate: 1.0 L/min (TWA)
maximum volume: 15 Liters maximum flow rate: 1.0 L/min (STEL or Ceiling)
current analytical method: Ion Specific Electrode; ISE
method reference: OSHA Manual of Analytical Methods (OSHA ID-101)
method classification: Fully Validated
note: Submit as separate sample. If Chlorine containing compounds (as available Chlorine) are also expected, use a PTFE membrane/polypropylene cassette, followed by a Midget Fritted Glass Bubbler (MFGB) containing 15 mL 0.1% Sulfamic Acid for Chlorine Collection. Sample analyzed for equivalent chlorine levels. After sampling transfer membrane to separate vial containing 5 mL 0.1% Sulfamic acid. Seal and ship to SLTC.
On-Site Sampling Techniques/Methods:
device: Detector Tube
manufacturer: Matheson-Kitagawa
model/type: 8014-109SB
sampling information: follow manufacturer’s instructions
upper measurement limit: 10 ppm
detection limit: approx. 0.1 ppm
overall uncertainty: unknown
method reference: on-site air secondary (SEI Certified)
device: Detector Tube
manufacturer: Gastec
model/type: 8La
sampling information: 0.5 to 5 strokes
upper measurement limit: 16 ppm
detection limit: 0.05 ppm
overall uncertainty: 16.4% for 0.5 to 2 ppm, 8.2% for 2 to 8 ppm
method reference: on-site air secondary (SEI Certified)
Wipe sampling: No
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| Revised: 14 October 2003 |
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