Provisional Formula Supplementation of Breast Milk Rates by Socio-demographic Factors, Among Children Born in 2007 (Percent +/- half 95% Confidence Interval)
Socio-demographic Factors n Formula
Supplementation1
within first
2 days of life		 n Formula
Supplementation1
before 3 months
of age		 n Formula
Supplementation1
before 6 months
of age
US National 12900 25.4±1.4 10137 37.2±1.8 7899 43.8±2.0
Sex
  Male 6618 25.4±2.0 5208 37.6±2.5 4021 44.2±2.8
  Female 6282 25.5±2.0 4929 36.8±2.6 3878 43.3±3.0
Race/ethnicity
  American Indian or Alaska Native 384 25.3±10.3 291 37.3±12.9 223 41.9±14.7
  Asian or Pacific Islander 922 30.0±6.2 810 44.6±7.6 643 51.3±9.0
    -Asian 777 30.5±6.9 690 46.0±8.4 556 46.9±9.6
    -Native Hawaiian and other 188 31.5±12.9 156 39.0±15.2 112 67.5±14.5
  Black or African American 1565 32.6±3.7 1174 42.6±4.4 791 48.6±5.3
  White 10793 23.8±1.5 8472 35.5±1.9 6726 42.1±2.2
  Hispanic or Latino 2305 33.4±3.3 1788 43.4±4.0 1311 49.6±4.7
  Not Hispanic or Latino (NH) 10595 22.0±1.5 8349 34.4±1.8 6588 41.3±2.1
    -NH Black or African American 1354 32.3±4.0 1014 41.9±4.7 693 48.2±5.6
    -NH White 8791 19.2±1.6 6920 32.1±2.0 5578 39.4±2.3
Birth Order
  First Born 6813 25.7±2.0 5479 37.0±2.4 4334 42.3±2.7
  Not First Born 6087 25.2±2.0 4658 37.5±2.6 3565 45.6±3.1
Receiving WIC2
  Yes 4516 31.0±2.4 3182 41.2±3.1 2266 47.6±3.8
  No, but eligible 754 19.7±5.1 639 28.5±7.1 507 34.7±7.4
  Ineligible 7008 20.1±1.8 5792 34.8±2.2 4723 41.9±2.4
Maternal Age, Years
  <20 201 34.2±12.1 112 40.3±17.8 70 44.3±19.5
  20-29 3894 24.3±2.4 2735 35.5±3.2 1944 41.9±3.9
  >=30 8805 25.7±1.8 7290 38.0±2.1 5885 44.6±2.4
Maternal Education
  Not a High School Graduate 1098 34.8±4.6 797 45.1±5.8 560 49.9±6.9
  High School Graduate 1936 27.1±3.1 1325 37.7±4.1 926 45.4±5.0
  Some College 3308 23.6±2.5 2448 33.7±3.2 1815 37.5±3.9
  College Graduate 6558 20.6±1.8 5567 35.1±2.2 4598 43.1±2.4
Maternal Marital Status
  Married 10380 23.2±1.5 8484 36.4±1.9 6805 42.1±2.2
  Unmarried3 2520 31.7±3.3 1653 40.1±4.4 1094 50.8±5.5
Residence
  MSA4, Central City 5599 27.3±2.3 4512 39.4±2.8 3518 45.5±3.2
  MSA, Non-Central City 4750 24.8±2.3 3699 37.1±2.8 2845 44.6±3.2
  Non-MSA 2551 22.0±3.0 1926 30.6±3.9 1536 35.8±4.4
Poverty Income Ratio5,%
  <100% 2025 32.4±3.6 1435 42.0±4.6 1001 48.7±5.7
  100%-184% 1847 24.5±3.6 1393 33.8±4.4 1053 41.6±5.1
  185%-349% 3018 20.3±2.6 2387 33.9±3.4 1926 39.9±3.7
  ≥350% 4933 21.3±2.1 4064 35.6±2.6 3277 42.6±2.9

1Formula supplementation is defined as supplementation of breast milk with formula (with or without other supplementary liquids or solids) among infants breastfed at the age specified (48 hours, 3 months, or 6 months). The denominator for the 2 day, 3 month, or 6 month rate is the number of infants breastfeeding at 2 days, 3 months, or 6 months, respectively.
2WIC = Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.
3Unmarried includes never married, widowed, separated, divorced.
4MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area defined by the Census Bureau.
5Poverty Income Ratio = Ratio of self-reported family income to the federal poverty threshold value depending on the number of people in the household.

Source: National Immunization Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services

Sample sizes appearing in the NIS breastfeeding tables are slightly smaller than the numbers published in other NIS publications due to the fact that in the DNPAO breastfeeding analyses, the sample was limited to records with valid responses to the breastfeeding questions.