Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS)
2005 RECS Survey Data 2009 | 2005 | 2001 | 1997 | 1993 | Previous
Housing Characteristics Tables
+ EXPAND ALLFloorspace - Housing Characteristics | PDF (all tables) |
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Total Floorspace | |
All, Heated, and Cooled Floorspace (HC1.1.1) | PDF XLS |
Average Floorspace | |
All Housing Units (HC1.1.2) | PDF XLS |
Single Family and Mobile Homes (HC1.1.3) | PDF XLS |
Apartments (HC1.1.4) | PDF XLS |
Usage Indicators | |
Heated Floorspace (HC1.3) | PDF XLS |
Cooled Floorspace (HC1.4) | PDF XLS |
Floorspace - Living Space | PDF (all tables) |
Total Floorspace | |
All, Heated, and Cooled Floorspace (HC1.2.1) | PDF XLS |
Average Floorspace | |
All Housing Units (HC1.2.2) | PDF XLS |
Single Family and Mobile Homes (HC1.2.3) | PDF XLS |
Apartments (HC1.2.4) | PDF XLS |
Usage Indicators | |
Heated Floorspace (HC1.3) | PDF XLS |
Cooled Floorspace (HC1.4) | PDF XLS |
Housing Unit - Characteristics | PDF (all tables) |
Physical Characteristics | |
Type of Housing (HC2.1) | PDF XLS |
Year of Construction (HC5.1) | PDF XLS |
Ownership | |
Owner-Occupied (HC3.1) | PDF XLS |
Renter-Occupied (HC4.1) | PDF XLS |
Demographics | |
Number of Household Members (HC6.1) | PDF XLS |
Income (HC7.1) | PDF XLS |
Geography | |
Urban/Rural (HC8.1) | PDF XLS |
Climate Zone (HC9.1) | PDF XLS |
Census Regions (HC10.1) | PDF XLS |
Northeast Census Divisions (HC11.1) | PDF XLS |
Midwest Census Divisions (HC12.1) | PDF XLS |
South Census Divisions (HC13.1) | PDF XLS |
West Census Divisions (HC14.1) | PDF XLS |
Four Most Populous States (HC15.1) | PDF XLS |
Living Space - Characteristics | PDF (all tables) |
Physical Characteristics | |
Type of Housing (HC2.2) | PDF XLS |
Year of Construction (HC5.2) | PDF XLS |
Ownership | |
Owner-Occupied (HC3.2) | PDF XLS |
Renter-Occupied (HC4.2) | PDF XLS |
Demographics | |
Number of Household Members (HC6.2) | PDF XLS |
Income (HC7.2) | PDF XLS |
Geography | |
Urban/Rural (HC8.2) | PDF XLS |
Climate Zone (HC9.2) | PDF XLS |
Census Regions (HC10.2) | PDF XLS |
Northeast Census Divisions (HC11.2) | PDF XLS |
Midwest Census Divisions (HC12.2) | PDF XLS |
South Census Divisions (HC13.2) | PDF XLS |
West Census Divisions (HC14.2) | PDF XLS |
Four Most Populous States (HC15.2) | PDF XLS |
Household Demographics | PDF (all tables) |
Physical Characteristics | |
Type of Housing (HC2.3) | PDF XLS |
Year of Construction (HC5.3) | PDF XLS |
Ownership | |
Owner-Occupied (HC3.3) | PDF XLS |
Renter-Occupied (HC4.3) | PDF XLS |
Demographics | |
Number of Household Members (HC6.3) | PDF XLS |
Income (HC7.3) | PDF XLS |
Geography | |
Urban/Rural (HC8.3) | PDF XLS |
Climate Zone (HC9.3) | PDF XLS |
Census Regions (HC10.3) | PDF XLS |
Northeast Census Divisions (HC11.3) | PDF XLS |
Midwest Census Divisions (HC12.3) | PDF XLS |
South Census Divisions (HC13.3) | PDF XLS |
West Census Divisions (HC14.3) | PDF XLS |
Four Most Populous States (HC15.3) | PDF XLS |
Space Heating - Characteristics | PDF (all tables) |
Physical Characteristics | |
Type of Housing (HC2.4) | PDF XLS |
Year of Construction (HC5.4) | PDF XLS |
Ownership | |
Owner-Occupied (HC3.4) | PDF XLS |
Renter-Occupied (HC4.4) | PDF XLS |
Demographics | |
Number of Household Members (HC6.4) | PDF XLS |
Income (HC7.4) | PDF XLS |
Geography | |
Urban/Rural (HC8.4) | PDF XLS |
Climate Zone (HC9.4) | PDF XLS |
Census Regions (HC10.4) | PDF XLS |
Northeast Census Divisions (HC11.4) | PDF XLS |
Midwest Census Divisions (HC12.4) | PDF XLS |
South Census Divisions (HC13.4) | PDF XLS |
West Census Divisions (HC14.4) | PDF XLS |
Four Most Populous States (HC15.4) | PDF XLS |
Space Heating - Usage Indicators | PDF (all tables) |
Physical Characteristics | |
Type of Housing (HC2.5) | PDF XLS |
Year of Construction (HC5.5) | PDF XLS |
Ownership | |
Owner-Occupied (HC3.5) | PDF XLS |
Renter-Occupied (HC4.5) | PDF XLS |
Demographics | |
Number of Household Members (HC6.5) | PDF XLS |
Income (HC7.5) | PDF XLS |
Geography | |
Urban/Rural (HC8.5) | PDF XLS |
Climate Zone (HC9.5) | PDF XLS |
Census Regions (HC10.5) | PDF XLS |
Northeast Census Divisions (HC11.5) | PDF XLS |
Midwest Census Divisions (HC12.5) | PDF XLS |
South Census Divisions (HC13.5) | PDF XLS |
West Census Divisions (HC14.5) | PDF XLS |
Four Most Populous States (HC15.5) | PDF XLS |
Air Conditioning - Characteristics | PDF (all tables) |
Physical Characteristics | |
Type of Housing (HC2.6) | PDF XLS |
Year of Construction (HC5.6) | PDF XLS |
Ownership | |
Owner-Occupied (HC3.6) | PDF XLS |
Renter-Occupied (HC4.6) | PDF XLS |
Demographics | |
Number of Household Members (HC6.6) | PDF XLS |
Income (HC7.6) | PDF XLS |
Geography | |
Urban/Rural (HC8.6) | PDF XLS |
Climate Zone (HC9.6) | PDF XLS |
Census Regions (HC10.6) | PDF XLS |
Northeast Census Divisions (HC11.6) | PDF XLS |
Midwest Census Divisions (HC12.6) | PDF XLS |
South Census Divisions (HC13.6) | PDF XLS |
West Census Divisions (HC14.6) | PDF XLS |
Four Most Populous States (HC15.6) | PDF XLS |
Air Conditioning - Usage Indicators | PDF (all tables) |
Physical Characteristics | |
Type of Housing (HC2.7) | PDF XLS |
Year of Construction (HC5.7) | PDF XLS |
Ownership | |
Owner-Occupied (HC3.7) | PDF XLS |
Renter-Occupied (HC4.7) | PDF XLS |
Demographics | |
Number of Household Members (HC6.7) | PDF XLS |
Income (HC7.7) | PDF XLS |
Geography | |
Urban/Rural (HC8.7) | PDF XLS |
Climate Zone (HC9.7) | PDF XLS |
Census Regions (HC10.7) | PDF XLS |
Northeast Census Divisions (HC11.7) | PDF XLS |
Midwest Census Divisions (HC12.7) | PDF XLS |
South Census Divisions (HC13.7) | PDF XLS |
West Census Divisions (HC14.7) | PDF XLS |
Four Most Populous States (HC15.7) | PDF XLS |
Water Heating - Characteristics | PDF (all tables) |
Physical Characteristics | |
Type of Housing (HC2.8) | PDF XLS |
Year of Construction (HC5.8) | PDF XLS |
Ownership | |
Owner-Occupied (HC3.8) | PDF XLS |
Renter-Occupied (HC4.8) | PDF XLS |
Demographics | |
Number of Household Members (HC6.8) | PDF XLS |
Income (HC7.8) | PDF XLS |
Geography | |
Urban/Rural (HC8.8) | PDF XLS |
Climate Zone (HC9.8) | PDF XLS |
Census Regions (HC10.8) | PDF XLS |
Northeast Census Divisions (HC11.8) | PDF XLS |
Midwest Census Divisions (HC12.8) | PDF XLS |
South Census Divisions (HC13.8) | PDF XLS |
West Census Divisions (HC14.8) | PDF XLS |
Four Most Populous States (HC15.8) | PDF XLS |
Home Appliances - Characteristics | PDF (all tables) |
Physical Characteristics | |
Type of Housing (HC2.9) | PDF XLS |
Year of Construction (HC5.9) | PDF XLS |
Ownership | |
Owner-Occupied (HC3.9) | PDF XLS |
Renter-Occupied (HC4.9) | PDF XLS |
Demographics | |
Number of Household Members (HC6.9) | PDF XLS |
Income (HC7.9) | PDF XLS |
Geography | |
Urban/Rural (HC8.9) | PDF XLS |
Climate Zone (HC9.9) | PDF XLS |
Census Regions (HC10.9) | PDF XLS |
Northeast Census Divisions (HC11.9) | PDF XLS |
Midwest Census Divisions (HC12.9) | PDF XLS |
South Census Divisions (HC13.9) | PDF XLS |
West Census Divisions (HC14.9) | PDF XLS |
Four Most Populous States (HC15.9) | PDF XLS |
Home Appliances - Usage Indicators | PDF (all tables) |
Physical Characteristics | |
Type of Housing (HC2.10) | PDF XLS |
Year of Construction (HC5.10) | PDF XLS |
Ownership | |
Owner-Occupied (HC3.10) | PDF XLS |
Renter-Occupied (HC4.10) | PDF XLS |
Demographics | |
Number of Household Members (HC6.10) | PDF XLS |
Income (HC7.10) | PDF XLS |
Geography | |
Urban/Rural (HC8.10) | PDF XLS |
Climate Zone (HC9.10) | PDF XLS |
Census Regions (HC10.10) | PDF XLS |
Northeast Census Divisions (HC11.10) | PDF XLS |
Midwest Census Divisions (HC12.10) | PDF XLS |
South Census Divisions (HC13.10) | PDF XLS |
West Census Divisions (HC14.10) | PDF XLS |
Four Most Populous States (HC15.10) | PDF XLS |
Home Electronics - Characteristics | PDF (all tables) |
Physical Characteristics | |
Type of Housing (HC2.11) | PDF XLS |
Year of Construction (HC5.11) | PDF XLS |
Ownership | |
Owner-Occupied (HC3.11) | PDF XLS |
Renter-Occupied (HC4.11) | PDF XLS |
Demographics | |
Number of Household Members (HC6.11) | PDF XLS |
Income (HC7.11) | PDF XLS |
Geography | |
Urban/Rural (HC8.11) | PDF XLS |
Climate Zone (HC9.11) | PDF XLS |
Census Regions (HC10.11) | PDF XLS |
Northeast Census Divisions (HC11.11) | PDF XLS |
Midwest Census Divisions (HC12.11) | PDF XLS |
South Census Divisions (HC13.11) | PDF XLS |
West Census Divisions (HC14.11) | PDF XLS |
Four Most Populous States (HC15.11) | PDF XLS |
Home Electronics - Usage Indicators | PDF (all tables) |
Physical Characteristics | |
Type of Housing (HC2.12) | PDF XLS |
Year of Construction (HC5.12) | PDF XLS |
Ownership | |
Owner-Occupied (HC3.12) | PDF XLS |
Renter-Occupied (HC4.12) | PDF XLS |
Demographics | |
Number of Household Members (HC6.12) | PDF XLS |
Income (HC7.12) | PDF XLS |
Geography | |
Urban/Rural (HC8.12) | PDF XLS |
Climate Zone (HC9.12) | PDF XLS |
Census Regions (HC10.12) | PDF XLS |
Northeast Census Divisions (HC11.12) | PDF XLS |
Midwest Census Divisions (HC12.12) | PDF XLS |
South Census Divisions (HC13.12) | PDF XLS |
West Census Divisions (HC14.12) | PDF XLS |
Four Most Populous States (HC15.12) | PDF XLS |
Lighting - Usage Indicators | PDF (all tables) |
Physical Characteristics | |
Type of Housing (HC2.13) | PDF XLS |
Year of Construction (HC5.13) | PDF XLS |
Ownership | |
Owner-Occupied (HC3.13) | PDF XLS |
Renter-Occupied (HC4.13) | PDF XLS |
Demographics | |
Number of Household Members (HC6.13) | PDF XLS |
Income (HC7.13) | PDF XLS |
Geography | |
Urban/Rural (HC8.13) | PDF XLS |
Climate Zone (HC9.13) | PDF XLS |
Census Regions (HC10.13) | PDF XLS |
Northeast Census Divisions (HC11.13) | PDF XLS |
Midwest Census Divisions (HC12.13) | PDF XLS |
South Census Divisions (HC13.13) | PDF XLS |
West Census Divisions (HC14.13) | PDF XLS |
Four Most Populous States (HC15.13) | PDF XLS |
Specific questions on this product may be directed to:
Chip Berry
James.Berry@eia.gov
RECS Survey Manager
Phone: (202) 586-5543
Fax: (202) 586-0018
Consumption & Expenditures Tables
+ EXPAND ALLSummary Statistics (revised January 2009) | PDF (all tables) |
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Total Energy Consumption, Expenditures, and Intensities | |
Housing Unit Characteristics and Energy Usage Indicators (US1:Part 1) | PDF XLS |
Household Characteristics (US1:Part 2) | PDF XLS |
Fuels Used | |
Total Households (US2) | PDF XLS |
Total Consumption, Physical Units (US3) | PDF XLS |
Total Consumption, British Thermal Units (Btu) (US4) | PDF XLS |
Total Expenditures (US5) | PDF XLS |
Unit Price, Dollars per Physical Units (US6) | PDF XLS |
Unit Price, Dollars per British Thermal Units (Btu) (US7) | PDF XLS |
Average Consumption, Physical Units per Household (US8) | PDF XLS |
Average Consumption, British Thermal Units (Btu) per Household (US9) | PDF XLS |
Average Expenditures (US10) | PDF XLS |
Energy End Uses | |
Total Households (US11) | PDF XLS |
Total Consumption, British Thermal Units (Btu) (US12) | PDF XLS |
Total Expenditures (US13) | PDF XLS |
Average Consumption, British Thermal Units (Btu) per Household (US14) | PDF XLS |
Average Expenditures (US15) | PDF XLS |
Space Heating | PDF (all tables) |
Total Households (SH1) | PDF XLS |
Total Households by Space Heating Fuel (SH2) | PDF XLS |
Major Fuels Used | |
Total Consumption, Physical Units (SH3) | PDF XLS |
Total Consumption, British Thermal Units (Btu) (SH4) | PDF XLS |
Total Expenditures (SH5) | PDF XLS |
Main Space Heating Fuel Used | |
Total Households (SH6) | PDF XLS |
Average Consumption, Physical Units per Household (SH7) | PDF XLS |
Average Consumption, British Thermal Units (Btu) per Household (SH8) | PDF XLS |
Average Expenditures (SH9) | PDF XLS |
Average Heating Degree Days (SH10) | PDF XLS |
Average Heated Floorspace (SH11) | PDF XLS |
Consumption Intensity (SH12) | PDF XLS |
Expenditures Intensity (SH13) | PDF XLS |
Air Conditioning | PDF (all tables) |
Total Households (AC1) | PDF XLS |
Total Consumption, Physical Units (AC2) | PDF XLS |
Total Consumption, British Thermal Units (Btu) (AC3) | PDF XLS |
Total Expenditures (AC4) | PDF XLS |
Average Consumption, Physical Units per Household (AC5) | PDF XLS |
Average Consumption, British Thermal Units (Btu) per Household (AC6) | PDF XLS |
Average Expenditures (AC7) | PDF XLS |
Average Cooling Degree Days (AC8) | PDF XLS |
Average Cooled Floorspace (AC9) | PDF XLS |
Consumption Intensity (AC10) | PDF XLS |
Expenditures Intensity (AC11) | PDF XLS |
Water Heating | PDF (all tables) |
Total Households (WH1) | PDF XLS |
Total Households by Water Heating Fuel (WH2) | PDF XLS |
Major Fuels Used | |
Total Consumption, Physical Units (WH3) | PDF XLS |
Total Consumption, British Thermal Units (Btu) (WH4) | PDF XLS |
Total Expenditures (WH5) | PDF XLS |
Average Consumption, Physical Units per Household (WH6) | PDF XLS |
Average Consumption, British Thermal Units (Btu) per Household (WH7) | PDF XLS |
Average Expenditures (WH8) | PDF XLS |
Main Water Heating Fuel Used | |
Average Number of Household Members (WH9) | PDF XLS |
Consumption Intensity (WH10) | PDF XLS |
Expenditures Intensity (WH11) | PDF XLS |
Home Appliances and Lighting | PDF (all tables) |
Fuels Used | |
Total Households (AP1) | PDF XLS |
Total Consumption, Physical Units (AP2) | PDF XLS |
Total Consumption, British Thermal Units (Btu) (AP3) | PDF XLS |
Total Expenditures (AP4) | PDF XLS |
Average Consumption, Physical Units per Household (AP5) | PDF XLS |
Average Consumption, British Thermal Units (Btu) per Household (AP6) | PDF XLS |
Average Expenditures (AP7) | PDF XLS |
Specific questions on this product may be directed to:
Chip Berry
James.Berry@eia.gov
RECS Survey Manager
Phone: (202) 586-5543
Fax: (202) 586-0018
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Public Use Microdata Files
The Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) is a national area-probability sample survey that collects energy-related data for occupied primary housing units. First conducted in 1978, the 2005 version is the 12th RECS. The survey collected data from 4,382 households sampled at random using a complex multistage, area-probability design to represent 111.1 million U.S. households, the Census Bureau’s statistical estimate for all occupied housing units in 2005. Data were obtained from residential energy suppliers for each unit in the sample to produce the Consumption & Expenditures data.
The 2005 RECS microdata are available in 12 comma-delimited files for ease of use with multiple software applications. The files are organized according to RECS Household questionnaire section, with additional files containing energy supplier, consumption, and expenditure data. All files contain nine selected variables that are frequently used in RECS data analysis. Each data file is accompanied by a corresponding “Layout File” containing labels and formats for each variable. Users should also refer to the “2005 RECS Variable Response Code Labels” file to reference descriptions of variable codes.
Microdata Files | ||||
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by Topic | Layout Files | Data Files | Questionnaire | Release Date |
All Files | CSV | CSV | 02/09 | |
Variable Response Code Labels | 02/09 | |||
File 1 - Section A: Housing Unit Characteristics | CSV | CSV | 02/09 | |
File 2 - Section B: Kitchen Appliances | CSV | CSV | 02/09 | |
File 3 - Section C: Other Appliances | CSV | CSV | 02/09 | |
File 4 - Section D: Space Heating | CSV | CSV | 02/09 | |
File 5 - Sections E, F and G: Water Heating, A/C, and Miscellaneous | CSV | CSV | 02/09 | |
File 6 - Section H: Fuels Used and Fuel Payment | CSV | CSV | 02/09 | |
File 7 - Section I: Fuel Bills and Non-Residential Uses | CSV | CSV | 02/09 | |
File 8 - Section J: Household Characteristics | CSV | CSV | 02/09 | |
File 9 - Section K and L: Energy Assistance and Housing Unit Square Footage | CSV | CSV | 02/09 | |
File 10 - Characteristics of Energy Supplier Data | CSV | CSV | 02/09 | |
File 11 - Energy Consumption | CSV | CSV | 02/09 | |
File 12 - Energy Expenditures | CSV | CSV | 02/09 |
Sample Weights
The RECS sample was designed so that survey responses could be used to estimate characteristics of the national stock of occupied housing units. In order to arrive at national estimates from the RECS sample, base sampling weights for each housing unit, which were the reciprocal of the probability of that building being selected into the sample, were calculated. Therefore, a housing unit with a base weight of 10,000 represents itself and 9,999 similar, but unsampled housing units in the total stock of occupied residential housing units. The base weight is further adjusted to account for nonresponse bias. Finally, ratio adjustments were used to ensure that the RECS weights add up to Current Population Survey estimates of the number of households. The variable NWEIGHT in the data file is the final weight.
- EXAMPLE 1: Single Response
- The respondent with DOEID = 4373 has NWEIGHT = 14,541. Hence this respondent represents a total of 14,541 households. The respondent used 1007 gallons (GALLONFO = 1007) of fuel oil, thus contributing 14,642,787 (1007 x 14,541) gallons to the estimated national total fuel oil consumption.
- EXAMPLE 2: Using NWEIGHT to estimate number of households
- There were 413 that used fuel oil in their homes (USEFO = 1). By adding the NWEIGHT data for these 413 cases, the estimated number of households that use fuel oil is approximately 8,402,012.
- EXAMPLE 3: Using NWEIGHT to estimate percentage of households
- The sum of NWEIGHT over all cases is 111,090,617. This is also an estimate of the total number of households as of July 2005. Hence, the estimated percent of households that use fuel oil (for any use in the home) is (8,402,012/111,090,617) times 100 equals 7.6 percent.
- EXAMPLE 4: Using NWEIGHT to estimate total consumption
- To estimate the total fuel oil consumption, multiply NWEIGHT times GALLONFO for the 413 cases where fuel oil is used in the home (USEFO = 1), then sum the product over the cases where USEFO = 1. The resulting estimate is 6,236,635,349 gallons. This should be rounded to 6.2 billion gallons.
- EXAMPLE 5: Using NWEIGHT to estimate average consumption
- The sum of NWEIGHT over cases where USEFO =1 is 8,402,012. Hence the estimated average fuel oil consumption, in homes that use fuel oil, is 8,402,012/6,236,635,349 = 742 gallons.
Confidentiality
These data were collected under the authority of the Confidential Information and Statistical Policy Efficiency Act (CIPSEA), as such EIA, project staff and its contractors and agents are personally accountable for protecting the identity of individual respondents. Thus, local geographic identifiers and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Weather Division identifiers are not included in the public use data files. Heating and cooling degree day values were altered slightly to mask the exact geographic location of the housing unit. As in past years, two variables were also “top-coded”, NUMFLRS and NUMAPTS, to prevent identification of large multiunit residential buildings sampled in 2005. Top-coding resets the value of a variable by truncating a number of cases in the distribution tails to a maximum (or minimum) value.
Imputation Flags
The "Z variables" are also referred to as "imputation flags." Imputation is a statistical procedure used to fill in missing values for respondents that are otherwise considered to be complete. Missing values for many, but not all, of the variables were imputed. The imputation flag indicates whether the corresponding non-Z variable was based upon reported data (Z variable = 0) or was imputed (Z variable = 1 or 2). There are no corresponding "Z variables" for variables from the RECS questionnaire that were not imputed, variables where there was no missing data, and variables that are not from the questionnaire. The missing data codes for the consumption and expenditure data are contained in the "Characteristics of Energy Supplier Data" file.
Specific questions on this product may be directed to:
Chip Berry
James.Berry@eia.gov
RECS Survey Manager
Phone: (202) 586-5543
Fax: (202) 586-0018
Does EIA have official EIA energy consumption statistics for counties, cities and ZIP codes?
2009 Features
Where does RECS square footage data come from?
July 9, 2012
RECS data show decreased energy consumption per household
June 6, 2012
The impact of increasing home size on energy demand
April 19, 2012
Did you know that air conditioning is in nearly 100 million U.S. homes?
August 19, 2011
What's new in our home energy use?
March 28, 2011
EIA expands household energy use data series to include 16 states
March 28, 2011
Share of energy used by appliances and consumer electronics increases in U.S. homes
March 28, 2011
How does EIA estimate energy consumption and end uses in U.S. homes?
March 28, 2011