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Derived Annual Estimates of Manufacturing Energy Consumption, 1974-1988
Executive SummaryThe actual data on purchased energy comes from two sources, the U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census's Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) and EIA's Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS). The ASM provides annual estimates for the years 1974 to 1981. However, in 1982 (and subsequent years) the scope of the ASM energy data was reduced to collect only electricity consumption and expenditures and total expenditures for other purchased energy. In 1985, EIA initiated the triennial MECS collecting complete energy data. The series equivalent to the ASM is referred to in the MECS as "offsite-produced fuels." The completed annual series for 1974 to 1988 developed in this report links the ASM and MECS "offsite" series, estimating for the missing years. Estimates are provided for the manufacturing sector as a whole and at the two-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) level for total energy consumption and for the consumption of individual fuels. There are no direct sources of data for the missing years (1982-1984 and 1986-1987). To derive consumption estimates, a comparison was made between the ASM, MECS, and other economic series to see whether there were any good predictors for the missing data. Various estimation schemes were analyzed to fill in the gaps in data after 1981 by trying to match known data for the 1974 to 1981 period. The most accurate methodology for deriving estimates for the missing
years turned out to be a relatively simple process. The chosen procedure
first estimates the total consumption of an industry for years for which
there are no data available. The method of estimation uses available consumption
data from either the MECS or the ASM for endpoint years that bracket years
with missing data. The relationship between the Federal Reserve Board
(FRB) production index (published in the
Findings
Analytic Applications of the Derived SeriesThis analysis continues a tradition of estimating missing years of energy consumption that started with the National Energy Accounts (NEA). The estimates derived here do not duplicate those of the NEA, but serve a similar purpose and provide a systematic estimate over a more recent time span, through 1988. Like the NEA, the estimates derived for this report are available electronically.While this report is designed to make existing information more useful for tabulations and graphical displays, it provides no new analytic information relative to the original ASM/MECS data series. In fact, analysts who attempt to derive further trend and regression relationships from the completed series will discover the estimation technique reinforces some of the trends in the original data. For any individual year, the derived estimates of natural gas, coal, and total consumption appear to be nearly as reliable as the corresponding published MECS estimates. However, the derived estimates for other fuels, including distillate and residual fuel oil, are much less reliable. The results highlight the potential for bias due to the derivation methodology. This bias appears to dominate the estimates of potential error on oil products in a few volatile industry groups. Users are cautioned to take these potential errors into account before using the derived estimates for analysis.
File Last Modified: 08/14/98
URL: http://www.eia.gov/emeu/mecs/mecs88/derived/mecs2j.html
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