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Bibliographies
Shifting Paradigms & Disruptive Technology
ADM001880, Fall 2006

(Click on AD Number to retrieve full text PDF version of document)

ADA450769
OPEN TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT: ROADMAP PLAN
Personal Author(s): Herz, J C Lucas, Mark Scott, John
Report Date: Apr 2006 Media Count: 80 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *STANDARDIZATION, *TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, *OPEN SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE, *COLLABORATIVE TECHNIQUES, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, DISTRIBUTED DATA PROCESSING, SOFTWARE METRICS, SOFTWARE TOOLS, ONLINE SYSTEMS, INTERNET, INTERFACES, STANDARDS
Identifiers: (U) *OTD(OPEN TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT), *OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE, ARPA(ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS OFFICE)
Abstract: (U) What is Open Technology Development? Open Technology Development refers to a number of practices for development and implementation of current and next-generation software. These changes and paradigm shifts are enabled by the Internet and related technologies, which enable distributed groups of programmers to collaboratively develop and manage code libraries in a decentralized fashion. The key elements of this approach are: 1. Open Standards and Interfaces; 2. Open Source Software and Designs; 3. Collaborative and distributed online tools; and 4. Technological Agility. Open standards and interfaces were initially established through ARPA and distributed via open source software reference implementations. User to user messaging evolved into user-to-user chats, email, and social software such as weblogs, wikis and user-generated data tagging. Distributed communities of interest were able to form and evolve in response to technical gaps and pain points. The resulting set of tools and conventions for agile software development have evolved, coalescing over the last ten years into robust and well-documented methodologies.
Distribution Limitation(s):
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ADA446196
JOINT U.S. DEFENSE SCIENCE BOARD, UK DEFENCE SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COUNCIL TASK FORCE ON DEFENSE CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES
Report Date: Mar 2006 Media Count: 152 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *DEFENSE SYSTEMS, *MILITARY CAPABILITIES, *MILITARY CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY, SOURCES, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, INDUSTRIES, TASK FORCES, ADVISORY ACTIVITIES, COOPERATION, MISSIONS, MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTS, DETECTORS
Abstract: (U) This joint study by scientific advisory boards that advise the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Ministry of Defence (MoD) is an effort to deepen the cooperation of the two organisations as they both pursue a strategy of investing in and developing technology to achieve military advantage. The Defense Science Board (DSB) and the Defence Science Advisory Council (DSAC) undertook this collaborative study to explore transformational technologies that are critical to meeting national defence needs. The joint working party was led by three co-chairs: Dr. Anita Jones and Admiral William O. Studeman, USN (Ret) to lead the U.S. team, and Dr. Julia King to lead the UK team. The joint tasking statement, the terms of reference, appears in Appendix A. Members of the U.S. team are listed in Appendix B. It is the policy of the MoD not to publish the names of their advisors. The MoD re-considered its policy in the light of this joint study and concluded that the policy should be sustained. Consequently, the names of UK members do not appear in Appendix B. They are accomplished scientists and technologists, with academic and industrial experience in areas related to defence. Because convening a joint working party is a new mode of cooperation for the two organisations, the chairs decided to focus on both broad and narrowly defined technology areas. They selected two broad mission areas (Advanced Command Environments and Persistent Surveillance) and three focused technology areas (Power Sources/Management for Small Distributed Networked Sensors, Defence Critical Electronic Components and High Performance Computing). The working party was organized into five topic panels with four to five members in each country drawing on a wider circle of outside experts as needed. The U.S. and UK members of each topic panel conducted separate but collaborative studies. Recommendations from the joint panels appear at the end of the topic chapters.
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ADA443403
RECOGNIZING AND UNDERSTANDING REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE IN WARFARE: THE SOVEREIGNTY OF CONTEXT
Personal Author(s): Gray, Colin S
Report Date: Feb 2006 Media Count: 68 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), *WARFARE, *TRANSFORMATIONS, *MILITARY MODERNIZATION, MILITARY STRATEGY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, CULTURE, SOCIOLOGY, GEOGRAPHY, ADAPTATION, ECONOMICS, MILITARY DOCTRINE, ATTITUDES(PSYCHOLOGY)
Identifiers: (U) *REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS, RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), CRITIQUE, DEFINITIONS, CARL VON CLAUSEWITZ, TECHNOLOGY, ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE
Abstract: (U) "Revolution in Military Affairs" (RMA) was the most widely used, and abused, acronym in the U.S. defense community in the 1990s. Subsequently, "transformation" has superceded it as the preferred term of art. For the better part of two decades, American defense professionals have been excited by the prospect of effecting a revolutionary change in the conduct and character of warfare. In this monograph, Dr. Colin S. Gray provides a critical audit of the great RMA debate and of some actual RMA behavior. He argues that the contexts of warfare are crucially important. Indeed so vital are the contexts that only a military transformation that allows for flexibility and adaptability will meet future strategic demands. Dr. Gray warns against a transformation that is highly potent only in a narrow range of strategic cases. In addition, he advises that the historical record demonstrates clearly that every revolutionary change in warfare eventually is more or less neutralized by antidotes of one kind or another (political, strategic, operational, tactical, and technological). He warns that the military effectiveness of a process of revolutionary change in a "way of war" can only be judged by the test of battle, and possibly not even then, if the terms of combat are very heavily weighted in favor of the United States. On balance, the concept of revolutionary change is found to be quite useful, provided it is employed and applied with some reservations and in a manner that allows for flexibility and adaptability. Above all else, the monograph insists, the contexts of warfare, especially the political, determine how effective a transforming military establishment will be.
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ADA449718
MILITARY POWER OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 2006. ANNUAL REPORT TO CONGRESS
Report Date: Jan 2006 Media Count: 58 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY STRATEGY, *POLITICAL SCIENCE, *STRATEGIC ANALYSIS, *MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS, *MILITARY FORCES(FOREIGN), *INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, *CHINA, *NATIONAL DEFENSE, WARFARE, ACQUISITION, ATTRITION, SHORT RANGE(TIME), POWER, TRANSFORMATIONS, ACCUMULATION, TRANSITIONS, LONG RANGE(TIME), MASS, ECONOMICS, SKILLS, UNITED STATES, GLOBAL
Abstract: (U) China's rapid rise as a regional political and economic power with global aspirations is an important element of today's strategic environment - one that has significant implications for the region and the world. The United States welcomes the rise of a peaceful and prosperous China. U.S. policy encourages China to participate as a responsible international stakeholder by taking on a greater share of responsibility for the health and success of the global system from which China has derived great benefit. China's leaders face some important choices as its power and influence grow. These choices span a range of issues: challenges of China's economic transition and political reform, rising nationalism, internal unrest, proliferation of dangerous technologies adoption of international norms, and China's expanding military power. The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is in the process of long-term transformation from a mass army designed for protracted wars of attrition on its territory to a more modern force capable of fighting short duration, high intensity conflicts against high-tech adversaries. Today, China's ability to sustain military power at a distance is limited. However, as the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review Report notes, "China has the greatest potential to compete militarily with the United States and field disruptive military technologies that could over time offset traditional U.S. military advantages." In the near term, China's military build-up appears focused on preparing for Taiwan Strait contingencies, including the possibility of U.S. intervention. However, analysis of China's military acquisitions suggest it is also generating capabilities that could apply to other regional contingencies, such as conflicts over resources or territory.
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ADA445277
DEVELOPMENT OF A CMOS SNAPSHOT ACTIVE PIXEL SENSOR FOR SPACEBORNE EARTH OBSERVATION APPLICATIONS
Personal Author(s): Materne, Alex , Buil, Christian,
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 12 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791, Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005. The original document contains color images.
Distribution Statement: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Descriptors: (U) *SATELLITE IMAGERY, TWO DIMENSIONAL, HIGH RESOLUTION, FRANCE, PIXELS, COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS, CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES, SATELLITE PHOTOGRAPHY, SPACECRAFT CAMERAS, LINE SCANNING
Identifiers: (U) CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICE CAMERAS, CCD CAMERAS, COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUTOR CAMERAS, CMOS CAMERAS, SPACE APPLICATIONS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) For metric resolutions earth observation missions - in the visible spectrum - CMOS Active Pixel Sensors (APS) may be a competitive alternative to 2D array CCD thanks to the high readout frequencies and to the shutter capability offered by the snapshot mode. In order to evaluate the interest of CMOS APS for those missions, CNES has launched the development of a CMOS snapshot APS demonstrator. Although a multi-mission capability is targeted, the requirement specification has been mainly built on the basis of a typical low Earth orbit microsatellite mission scenario aiming at capturing images at 1 meter spatial resolution for a 8 km x 8 km minimum FOV, in the visible spectral band. Main driving requirements are presented together with the expected trade-off to be solved during architecture and design phases.
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ADA445196
OFF-THE-SHELF AND FREE SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACECRAFT CONTROL & COMMAND: AN EXAMPLE, BALLOON-BORNE STABILISED GONDOLAS
Personal Author(s): Laurens, Andre
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 17 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791, Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs Held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005., The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *ATTITUDE CONTROL SYSTEMS, *OFF THE SHELF EQUIPMENT, *ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES, *BALLOONS, *GONDOLAS, *ADA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE, *COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, MEASUREMENT, REAL TIME, GROUND BASED, ASTROPHYSICS, SPACE MISSIONS, SPACECRAFT
Abstract: (U) Balloons are low-cost, short development time space vehicles for science missions and technology in-flight experiments that need out-of-atmosphere or in-situ measurements, thus being complementary to the satellite. CNES stabilised gondolas are versatile space platforms used to fly science instruments mainly for aeronomy and astrophysics that need stabilisation and pointing capabilities, analogous to satellite attitude control subsystems. In order to increase gondola flexibility to new missions, promoted control & command technologies are those of industrial computers, ground networks, free software and, over all, Ada language, for they are open, standard, powerful, low-cost and longlasting solutions. After a brief description of domain-oriented characteristics of stabilised gondola control & command, this paper introduces the various technologies and main design principles proposed to meet system-level goals. Then focus is put on on-board architectures (Ada95 real-time distributed applications), and describes the prototyping work and preliminary development done to ensure feasibility. The paper then discusses the applicability of such solutions to global, ground-toboard, distributed control & command applications, through an IP-based telemetry & telecommand link, such as the one under development in CNES for balloon systems. As a conclusion, this paper shows how adoption of the above technologies for other space programs such as satellite platforms and payloads may change design, development costs, duration and organisation, as well as it may open new ways in ground-to-board communication and spacecraft operation.
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ADA445276
VERY HIGH-PERFORMANCE EMBEDDED COMPUTING WILL ALLOW AMBITIOUS SPACE SCIENCE INVESTIGATION
Personal Author(s): Pignol, Michel
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 15 Page(s) Cost:
Supplementary Note:
See also ADM001791, Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005. The original document contains color images. Abstract in French.
Descriptors: (U) *MICROPROCESSORS, *FAULT TOLERANCE, LOW POWER, OFF THE SHELF EQUIPMENT, SPACE MISSIONS, RADIATION HARDENING, COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE, FRANCE, SPACECRAFT COMPONENTS
Identifiers: (U) ERROR DETECTION BY DUPLICATED INSTRUCTIONS, FAULT TOLERANCE-PROTECTED COMMERCIAL MICROPROCESSORS, HIGH COMPUTING POWER, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) Up to now, the definition of space science missions was bounded by electronic components authorised by Space Agencies, i.e. developed on radiation tolerant technologies. Unfortunately, the microprocessors today available on such technologies have the computing throughput which was available about 10 years ago on the commercial market. Today, one of the main weakness of commercial components for space usage is their sensitivity to upsets, which generate transient faults during execution of flight software. Thus, to the condition to have "light" fault-tolerant architectures, the space community could define a new class of space science missions having very ambitious scientific goals and disrupting with classical missions thanks to high-performance embedded computers based on commercial electronic components.
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ADA445130
WILL SCHEDULERS BE AVAILABLE ON BOARD IN THE NEXT GENERATION OF ROBOTS?
Personal Author(s): Fayard, Thierry
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 11 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium (1st) held in Marseille, France, on 4-6 Jul 2005. Pub. in the Proceedings of the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium, Jul 2005. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *OPTIMIZATION, *ROBOTS, *RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, *SCHEDULING, *SPACE MISSIONS, *MULTIMISSION, *ONBOARD, ALGORITHMS, COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION, SPACECRAFT, GAME THEORY, FRANCE, HEURISTIC METHODS, EFFICIENCY, PROBABILITY, SPACE SYSTEMS, SYMPOSIA, ROBOTICS
Identifiers: (U) *PROJECT SCHEDULING, SA(SIMULATED ANNEALING), RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS, TIME CONSTRAINTS, SPACE ROBOTICS, RENEWABLE RESOURCES, NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES, CUMULATIVE RESOURCES, SCHEDULING TECHNOLOGIES, SPACE EXPERIMENTS, ONBOARD COMPUTERS, RTS(REAL-TIME STRATEGY GAME), SOA(SEQUENCE OF ACTIVITIES), FOREIGN REPORTS, COMPONENT REPORTS, RCPSP(RESOURCE CONSTRAINT PROJECT SCHEDULING PROBLEM)
Abstract: (U) This paper presents a simulated annealing solution procedure for a Resource Constraint Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) as it may be found in future space robotic applications. Such RCPSPs also are found in some game problems in which it is easy to compare computerized solutions with human play. The player, or the computer, has to find the best sequence of activities in which an objective function is maximized within a given time. The scheduling problem found both in robotics applications and in such games, is more difficult than usual because it is subject to temporal constraints, and to constraints for renewable, nonrenewable, and cumulative resources. The cumulative resources are depleted or replenished over time, depending on the player's choice. In this study, a simulated annealing algorithm is successfully tested. The results show that its performance can satisfy a good player and that it may be of some help in robotic applications. The results also show that the algorithm is robust because the heuristic is always able to find a rather good solution, and that it is realistic since the computing power needed for it will be available on board in the medium-term future.
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ADA445230
AUTOMATIC IN-FLIGHT REPAIR OF FPGA COSMIC RAY DAMAGE
Personal Author(s): Thompson, Sarah, Mycroft, Alan, Brat, Guillaume, Venet, Arnaud
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 15 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Symposium on Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 Jul 2005. Prepared in cooperation with University of Cambridge, Computer Laboratory, United Kingdom, and with Kestrel Technology, Palo Alto, CA.
Descriptors: (U) *SPACE SYSTEMS, *REPAIR, *INFLIGHT, *AUTOMATIC, ALGORITHMS, SYMPOSIA, EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS, BOOLEAN ALGEBRA, COSMIC RAYS, REDUNDANT COMPONENTS, FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS, FAULT DETECTION
Identifiers: (U) *FPGA(FOCAL PLANE GATE ARRAYS), RECONFIGURABLE, SAT(BOOLEAN SATISFIABILITY PROBLEM), SAT SOLVERS, WALKSAT(ALGORITHM), COMPONENT REPORTS
Abstract: (U) FPGAs are finding an increasing number of applications within NASA in deep space probes, planetary rovers and manned vehicles. Like other silicon devices, FPGAs can be damaged by high energy cosmic ray impacts, resulting in permanent latch-up conditions that manifest as stuck-at faults. Traditionally, multiple redundancy and voting logic have been employed as a work-around, particularly for high reliability, extreme environment applications. However, reconfigurable FPGAs are becoming increasingly common in flight systems, offering a potentially valuable possibility for improved levels of fault recovery. After a fault is detected and localised within an FPGA, it is feasible to reprogram the device, in flight, with an alternative, equivalent circuit that does not depend upon the damaged portion of the chip. Designing such alternative chip layouts by hand is a valid option, though costly in terms of the man-hours of effort required; a fully automated alternative would be far preferable. In this paper, a technique is presented that allows the automatic generation of FPGA configurations for fault recovery purposes by means of non-clausal SAT solver technology.
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ADA445410
QUICK MAINTENANCE FOR HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT WITH THE NEW NOT TOXIC BORON NITRIDE POWDER (BN100) SUPERIOR THERMAL CONDUCTIVE AND LIGHTWEIGHT FILLER
Personal Author(s): Boer, Fabrizio
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 29 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs Held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *THERMAL PROPERTIES, *MAINTENANCE, *HIGH POWER, *FILLERS, *BORON NITRIDES, *HIGH VOLTAGE, DENSITY, INDUSTRIES, POWDERS, TOXICITY, HIGH TEMPERATURE, OFF THE SHELF EQUIPMENT, DISSIPATION, COSTS, COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT, PACKAGING, ITALY, HOT SPOTS, SPACE MISSIONS, ACCEPTABILITY
Identifiers: (U) *THERMAL CONDUCTIVE, FOREIGN REPORTS, QUICK MAINTENANCE, HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT, TOXIC BORON NITRIDE POWDER, LIGHTWEIGHT FILLER
Abstract: (U) maintenance of high voltage equipment is since ever a critical point that, with the increasing cost of high graded components, can well reduce the margin of profit of Industry when repairing must occur. The BN100 superior thermal conductive and lightweight filler technology is a new filler technology, that not only lets Users a full access for maintenance because cure-free being compounded by loose Boron Nitride powder mechanically compressed and without resin, but also permits to much increase the thermal dissipation because of a K value of about 10 W/mK. Under this ESA contract we have demonstrated that hot spot temperatures can drop as much as 20 degrees - 50 degrees depending on the power, opening a new way for more compacted packaging, higher power density PCBs and COTS acceptance in Space missions.
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ADA445482
HELIUM HIGH PRESSURE TANKS AT EADS SPACE TRANSPORTATION NEW TECHNOLOGY WITH THERMOPLASTIC LINER
Personal Author(s): Benedic, Fabien, Leard, Jean-Philippe, Lefloch, Christian
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 10 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs Held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *HIGH PRESSURE, *THERMOPLASTIC RESINS, *HELIUM, *TANKS(CONTAINERS), *SPACE TRANSPORTATION, METALS, TARGETS, FORGING, SPACE MISSIONS, COST REDUCTION, FRAMES, TITANIUM, FEASIBILITY STUDIES, PRESSURE VESSELS, LININGS, CYCLES, STATE OF THE ART
Abstract: (U) Although EADS ST has been involved in high pressure tanks for 25 years. EADS ST is still developing new technologies and products to provide the best solution in response to the evolution of the market in terms of performances and costs. In order to achieve the new target prices, a new disruptive technology has been performing for several years in using a thermoplastic liner instead the usual expensive concept of metallic forged liner. This new thermoplastic technology offers a significant cost reduction by 30% at tank level and a tank cycle production half size both directly impacting the management of Space Programs. This paper presents the state of the art in the domain of the thermoplastic liner applied on a new version of the 300 litres ARIANE 5 helium tank currently produced for the A5 launcher with a titanium liner. The objective of this new development is to replace the titanium liner with a thermoplastic one in order to reduce both the cost of the liner and the tank cycle. This paper also details the logic of the development chosen for this application and the results obtained for the last 3 years, which have all ended in a full success of the thermoplastic concept. All the works made in the frame of the feasibility of a 300 L thermoplastic lined tank fully demonstrate the compliance to the major requirements of AS launcher. These works finalize the feasibility phase of this new disruptive technology which is now rather mature with the aim of a complete qualification for the production of such tanks.
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ADA445515
POTENTIALITIES OF HTS SUPERCONDUCTOR TECHNOLOGY IN TELECOMMUNICATION SATELLITES
Personal Author(s): Maignan, M, Brevart, B, Trollier, T, Madrangeas, V Zanchi, C
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 12 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Conference on Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs held in Marseille, France on 4-6 Jul 2005. Pub. in Proceedings of Conference on Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs p1-10 Jul 2005. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *THIN FILMS, *MICROWAVE EQUIPMENT, *ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES, *TELECOMMUNICATIONS, *HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS, COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION, REDUCTION, RADIOFREQUENCY, C BAND, ELECTROMAGNETISM, NOISE, FRANCE, ANTENNAS, PLANAR STRUCTURES, ETCHING, SYMPOSIA
Identifiers: (U) PROOF-OF-CONCEPT, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) High temperature super-conductive (HTS) technology is presented as a disruptive technology able to improve the performances of microwave equipment: mass and volume savings, electrical properties, etc. To verify the well-founded of these qualities for telecom satellite payloads, the research department of Alcatel Space has studied two proof-of-concept of microwave space equipment including super-conductive and chill electronics. The objectives of these projects are to estimate the potential of HTS technology, evaluate the impact of the cryo-system on the satellite platform, determine the threshold of interest and estimate the development duration between the state of art and future credible equipment for commercial applications. In this paper, HTS is based on super-conductive thin film material. The material is YBaCuO or TlBaCuO deposited on LaAlO3 or MgO substrates. The reduced microwave resistivity of HTS thin films compared to copper allows realizing micro-strip or coplanar resonators and lines which are more compact than classical cavity resonators. Super-conductive micro-strip has a quality factor equivalent to the one of a bulk resonator in C-band. Thin films are etched to obtain elementary resonators and mutual coupling between resonators. The steady progress of electromagnetic simulation software associated with the reproducibility of etching process is a way to make up filters without the tedious resonator tuning inherent to bulk filters and reduced the manufacturing cost. In association with HTS device, cooling permits the introduction of chill electronics in the equipment. It is known that operating at low physical temperature decreases the noise factor of radio frequency amplifier (LNA).
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ADA445456
A NOVEL, FLEXIBLE APPROACH TO PACKAGING INTEGRATED MICROSYSTEMS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS
Personal Author(s): Eckersley, Steven , Coumar, Oudea, Schalk, Josef, Kluge, Martin
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 3 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium (1st) held in Marseille, France, on 4-6 Jul 2005. Pub. in the Proceedings of the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium, Jul 2005. The EADS Micropack Project. Prepared in cooperation with EADS Space Transportation, Les Mureaux, France, and EADS Corporate Research Centre, Ottobrunn, Germany. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *SPACE TECHNOLOGY, *SPACECRAFT, *PACKAGING, *MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS, *OFF THE SHELF EQUIPMENT, *MICROSENSORS, LOW POWER, LOW COSTS, CERAMIC MATERIALS, MICROPROBES, NANOTECHNOLOGY, UNITED KINGDOM, DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT, LIGHTWEIGHT, POWER SUPPLIES, ROBOTS, LAYERS, SYMPOSIA, INTEGRATED SYSTEMS
Identifiers: (U) MST(MICROSYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY), NANOSATELLITES, AEROBOTS, COMPONENT REPORTS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) The European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (EADS) recognizes the potential for Microsystems Technology (MST) to disrupt and revolutionize the space industry, where it can dramatically reduce mass, size, and power requirements, and, therefore, mission cost. EADS is developing a novel modular approach to packaging integrated microsystems for space applications, called "micropacks." The micropack include suites of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) MST sensors, packaged and integrated into a 3D modular multi-layer ceramic package. This impressively light and compact micropack technology can be adapted to form the basis of a solution for a range of exciting future mission concepts, such as the following: (1) highly integrated multi-functional nanosatellites (e.g. for solar terrestrial physics or space weather monitoring); (2) planetary aerobots on Mars, Venus, the Giant Planets, and Titan (e.g. as a payload/system package); (3) sub-100g planetary microprobes for measuring atmospheric profiles; (4) solar sails (e.g. as the central hub of the spacecraft); (5) penetrators (e.g. as a payload/system package); and (6) robotic planetary explorers (e.g. landers, rovers, walkers, hoppers). The micropack consists of five ceramic layers, including an atmospheric sensor unit (e.g. pressure sensor), an acceleration sensor unit, a power supply unit, a data handling unit (a Texas Instruments MSP430 micro-controller), and a chip-size radiofrequency transceiver unit laminated into the ceramic. Each module has a standardized interface, which ultimately combines with other modules to form a system platform. The size of the micropack will be a mere 20x25x25mm(exp 3), with power consumption of less than 100mW and a mass of just 25g.
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ADA445521
HIGH-THROUGHPUT OPTICAL INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY FOR FUTURE ON-BOARD DIGITAL PROCESSORS
Personal Author(s): Sotom, Michel, Venet, Norbert, Aubry, Pierre, Berthon, Jacques
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 9 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Symposium on Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 Jul 2005. Prepared in cooperation with CNES, Toulouse, France. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *SPACE ENVIRONMENTS, *DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS, *OPTICAL INTERCONNECTIONS, SYMPOSIA, FRANCE, ONBOARD, BANDWIDTH, THROUGHPUT, DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
Identifiers: (U) DIGITAL PROCESSING
Abstract: (U) Digital processing is expected to take place in many satellite payload sub-systems, including advanced telecom repeaters and antenna beam-formers, next-generation radars and data handling units of remote sensors. The capabilities of integrated circuits and processors have been growing so rapidly over the last decades that the pressure is being now shifted to the interconnect function. Whereas the speed and pin count of IC's increases rapidly, the bandwidth and density of backplanes and connectors for space applications do not improve at the same pace. A breakthrough is needed in order to go on improving the overall system, and interconnects with commensurate performance have to be made available. Alcatel Space is investigating optical interconnects as an enabling technology that may offer the high-throughput data communication capabilities required for the future on-board processors and digital equipment. Optical interconnects may constitute a generic solution for supporting both intra- and inter-equipment communications, with almost unlimited bandwidth, distance-independent performance, unprecedented connector density and low-mass cabling. Suppression of EM crosstalk issues and impedance mismatches, full isolation between transmitting and receiver ends, simplification of routing might, in the end, shorten the design and integration phases.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA445206
LOW PHASE NOISE FIBER OPTICS LINKS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS
Personal Author(s): Onillon, Bertrand, Constant, Stephanie, Quardi, Gianandrea, Benazet, Benoit, Llopis, Olivier
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 9 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791, Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs Held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005., The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *FIBER OPTICS, *SPACE TECHNOLOGY, *LOW NOISE, OPTICAL PROPERTIES, ANTENNAS, ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES, EMITTERS, RADIOFREQUENCY, MICROWAVE FREQUENCY
Abstract: (U) This paper summarises the results obtained on different systems dedicated to the optical distribution of high spectral purity RF and microwave signals in a satellite payload or towards the elements of an active antenna. First, the interest of the photo-oscillator receiver for these applications in the RF frequency range is pointed out. Then, different emitter configurations are investigated in the microwave range . Finally, an application of these low phase noise microwave links in the field of time-frequency metrology i.e. an ultra high sensitivity microwave frequency discriminator, is addressed.
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ADA445185
DEPLOYABLE HEXAPOD USING TAPE-SPRINGS
Personal Author(s): Blanchard, Laurent, Falzon, Frederic, Dupuis, Jean, Merlet, Jean-Pierre
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 8 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791, Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005. The original document contains color images. Abstract in French.
Descriptors: (U) *DEPLOYMENT, *SUPPORTS, *ACTUATORS, *TELESCOPES, KINEMATICS, ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS, ADAPTIVE OPTICS, CONFIGURATIONS, FRANCE, BREADBOARD MODELS, LIGHTWEIGHT
Identifiers: (U) FOREIGN REPORTS, SPACE OBSERVATION, HEXAPOD, TAPE-SPRINGS
Abstract: (U) In the near future of space observation systems several technical challenges come into light like multi-pupil systems conceived as free flyers or extremely high resolution (EHR) systems with large dimensions and high agility requirements. To be able to face these challenges the Alcatel Space Research Department is studying innovative structural concepts for future observation instruments. One of these concepts is based on an hexapod whose legs are deployable coiled tape-springs. This hexapod is stowed in a favorable mechanical configuration for launch and self- deployed once in orbit. The deployment errors and long-term instabilities can be corrected thanks to six actuators located under the feet of the hexapod and the final optical performance is reached thanks to adaptive optics. The main advantages of this concept compared to classical hyper-stable telescope structures are: -a reduced volume during launch allowing large systems design -a very strong reduction of dimensional stability requirements during launch thanks to the actuators and the adaptive optics which will correct the geometric instabilities of the structure after deployment. This allows to build very light structures sized only by orbital life with quite classical CFRP or metallic materials. - a mass and inertia reduction which leads to an agility gain of the system. This concept is currently examined with ESA Innovative Triangle Initiative support. The goal of this study is to develop and build a representative breadboard of an hexapod using this technology and to evaluate its deployment precision and correction capabilities. This paper presents the optimal design algorithm based on interval analysis and used to define the geometry of the breadboard in order to maximize its correction capabilities and to insure its workspace. Then the structure design and the 6 tape-spring mechanisms are described. The paper ends with the results of the deployment and correction tests.
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ADA445193
MAGNETIC ACTUATOR IN SPACE AND APPLICATION FOR HIGH PRECISION FORMATION FLYING
Personal Author(s): Dargent, Thierry, Maini, Massimiliano
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 10 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791, Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs Held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005.
Descriptors: (U) *SPACE TECHNOLOGY, *ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES, *ACTUATORS, *FORMATION FLIGHT, POSITION(LOCATION), THRUSTERS, ATTITUDE(INCLINATION), TORQUE, SPACECRAFT, EARTH ORBITS, MAGNETIC FIELDS
Abstract: (U) Electromagnetic (EM) actuators in space applications are not a new idea but they are most of the time associated to low Earth orbit missions, where the on-board magnetic moment interacts with the Earth magnetic field. More recently EM actuators have been studied in the context of formation flying as a way to generate inter-spacecraft force and torque in order to control the formation geometry (relative position and attitude of the spacecrafts). With respect to other possible actuators (like FEEP and cold-gas thrusters), EM actuators do not require propellant (hence ensuring longer lifetime) and do not cause contamination problems, but are effective only in a limited range of distances (due to the magnetic field decreasing as 1/r(exp 3)). In this paper we consider a setup where a spacecraft (called the hub) generates the magnetic field while the other spacecrafts (called the flyers) modify their on-board magnetic moment in order to generate the desired force and torque. We show that if the magnetic field generated by the hub is constant it is not possible to generate any combination of force and torque (there are forbidden directions, independently of the magnitude of the desired force and torque) and we present a possible solution based on a rotating field. The main idea is to have a time-varying magnetic field generated by the hub (chosen as a rotating magnetic dipole) and time-varying magnetic moments on the flyers. The variation law on each flyer's magnetic moment is computed in order to obtain the desired force and torque on average (over one rotation period). With such approach, the instantaneous force and torque may differ from the desired ones, these discrepancies being "filtered out" by the spacecraft inertia.
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ADA445190
RECONFIGURABLE COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY FOR IMAGE COMPRESSION IN THE BAYERNSAT MISSION
Personal Author(s): Cotrino, Javier Helfers, Tim Schueler, Eberhard Walter, Ulrich
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 12 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791, Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *MICROPROCESSORS, *ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES, *IMAGE COMPRESSION, SEMICONDUCTORS, COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT, GERMANY, LOGIC DEVICES, CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT, RADIATION TOLERANCE
Identifiers: (U) FOREIGN REPORTS, EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITES, RECONFIGURABLE PROCESSING, RECONFIGURABLE PROCESSORS, MICROSATELLITES, MICROCONTROLLERS, PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
Abstract: (U) The next generation earth-observation satellites will have significantly increased performance requirements. New advanced compression techniques like Bit- Plane Encoding and transformation steps based on wavelets are gaining importance. However, due to the small size of the space electronics market, the availability of devices capable to implement such algorithms is decreasing. This has motivated EADS-Astrium GmbH to search new processing technologies that can be transferred in the short term to reliable commercial space technologies. The emphasis is put on reconfigurable processing, since this is the only way to reduce risks and costs and assure the proper functionality of the satellite during its whole life. The eXtreme Processing Platform is a new runtime reconfigurable processor technology, An ESA study, with the name "XPP Applicability Study" was already carried out to prove the feasibility of this new technology and its superiority over different architectures being offered in the market. An important part of this study was also the transfer of the architecture to a radiation-tolerant semiconductor technology. The small satellite mission BayernSAT of the Technische Universitat Munchen will serve as a demonstration of the image processing capabilities of a new reconfigurable processing technology, the XPP, integrated in a configurable processor system based on the LEON Sparc processor.
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ADA445177
A NEW CONCEPT OF SYNTHETIC APERTURE INSTRUMENT FOR HIGH RESOLUTION EARTH OBSERVATION FROM HIGH ORBITS
Personal Author(s): Blanc, Philippe Falzon, Frederic Thomas, Eric
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 10 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791, Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005. The original document contains color images. Abstract in French.
Descriptors: (U) *HIGH RESOLUTION, *OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS, *HIGH ORBIT TRAJECTORIES, IMAGE PROCESSING, FRANCE, INTERFEROMETERS
Identifiers: (U) FOREIGN REPORTS, OAS(OPTICAL APERTURE SYNTHESIS), FIZEAU INTERFEROMETERS, MICHELSON TYPE INTERFEROMETERS, SYNTHETIC APERTURE IMAGING, FIELD OF VIEW, DEBLURRING, DENOISING, EARTH OBSERVATION, GEOSTATIONARY ORBITS
Abstract: (U) High Resolution Earth Observation from high orbits (e.g. Geostationnary) requires the use of large diameter telescopes, unfeasible if considering monolithic concepts. It is necessary, to circumvent this problem, to consider a segmented instrument, turning it into a feasible concept that can be put into orbit. Optical Aperture Synthesis (OAS) can be considered as a solution for HR observation from high orbits. In this paper, we describe a new OAS imaging instrument concept (under study in the Alcatel Space Research Department [1]) having variable resolution and field of view by adopting a re-decomposition of the basic Michelson or Fizeau interferometer schemes. In addition to providing variable resolution power and field of view, this instrument concept is particularly robust to sub-systems failure since it shows a natural redundancy of its imaging capabilities.
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ADA445223
LOW NOISE, LOW POWER SENSOR INTERFACE CIRCUITS FOR SPECTROSCOPY IN STANDARD CMOS TECHNOLOGY OPERATING AT 4 K
Personal Author(s): Merken, Patrick Souverijns, Tim Creten, Ybe Putzeys, Jan van Hoof, Chris
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 12 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Symposium on Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 Jul 2005. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *SPECTROSCOPY, *INTERFACES, *COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS, *CIRCUITS, LOW POWER, HYSTERESIS, BELGIUM, LOW NOISE, CRYOGENICS, PHOTODETECTORS, FAR INFRARED RADIATION, SYMPOSIA
Identifiers: (U) PACS(PHOTODETECTOR ARRAY CAMERA AND SPECTROMETER), CRE(COLD READOUT ELECTRONICS), COMPONENT REPORTS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) In the framework of the Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) project (for the European Herschel Space Observatory) IMEC designed the Cold Readout Electronics (CRE) for the Ge:Ga far-infrared detector array. Key Specifications for this circuit were high linearity (3%), very low power consumption (80 microwatts for an 18 channel array), and very low noise (200 e) at an operating temperature of 4.2K (LHT-Liquid Helium Temperature). We have implemented this circuit in a standard CMOS technology (AMIS 0.7micrometers), which guarantees high production yield and uniformity, relatively easy availability of the technology and portability of the design. However, the drawback of this approach is the anomalous behavior of CMOS transistors at temperatures below 30-40K, known as kink and hysteresis effects and under certain conditions the presence of excess noise. These cryogenic phenomena disturb the normal functionality of commonly used circuits or building blocks. We were able to overcome these problems and developed a library of digital and analog building blocks based on the modeling of cryogenic behavior, and on adapted design and layout techniques. These techniques have been validated in an automated cryogenic test set-up developed at our institute. We will present here in detail the full design of the 18 channel CRE circuit, its interface with the Ge:Ga sensor, and its electrical performance, and demonstrate that all major specifications at 4.2 K were met. We will equally present the techniques used to integrate and validate the circuit for its use at these extremely low temperatures. Other designs and topologies for low noise and low power will also be presented.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA445215
A SINGLE-CHIP CDS AND 16 BIT ADC CCD VIDEO PROCESSING ASIC
Personal Author(s): Waltham, N R Jones, L L Fant, A French, M
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 8 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791, Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, *CAMERAS, *CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES, PREAMPLIFIERS, FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS, VIDEO SIGNALS, SPACE ENVIRONMENTS, PROCESSING
Identifiers: (U) *ASIC(APPLICATION SPECIFIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS), CDS(CORRELATED DOUBLE SAMPLING), VIDEO PROCESSING, DIGITIZATION, ADC(ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION)
Abstract: (U) We describe our development of a single-chip preamplifier, correlated double sampling, and 16-bit analogue-to-digital conversion video processing ASIC for CCD cameras for space applications. In designing electronics for the space environment, there are strong requirements to minimise size, mass, and power dissipation, and yet to work from just a small catalogue of high-reliability space-qualified components. These requirements place severe constraints upon the CCD camera designer, particularly in the area of the analogue video signal processing and digitisation electronics. The problems are amplified with the ever increasing aspirations of the space science community with the call for larger focal plane arrays of multiple CCDs, reading out at increasingly higher pixel readout rates, and through multiple CCD output amplifiers. We describe our development and the measured performance of a singlechip ASIC solution which is intended to meet the requirements of the CCD cameras in the suite of Solar remote-sensing instruments on NASA's STEREO mission.
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ADA445221
SUPERCONDUCTIVE MICROWAVE SINGLE-FLUX-QUANTUM DIGITAL CIRCUITS AND CORRESPONDING OPTO-ELECTRONIC INTERFACES: ON-GOING STUDIES AND FIRST EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Personal Author(s): Febvre, Pascal Badi, Siham Reich, Torsten Ortlepp, Thomas Uhlmann, Hermann
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 10 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Symposium on Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005. Prepared in cooperation with University of Technology Ilmenau, Germany. Abstract in both English and French. Text in English. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *MICROWAVES, *CIRCUITS, *SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, SYMPOSIA, ELECTROOPTICS, JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS, MAGNETOMETRY, CRYOGENICS, FRANCE, FREQUENCY BANDS, INTERFACES
Identifiers: (U) RSFQ(RAPID SINGLE-FLUX-QUANTUM), DIGITAL CIRCUITS, COMPONENT REPORTS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) Superconductive microwave rapid single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) digital circuits offer the possibility to digitally process signals in the frequency range of tens of GHz. An example of application to bring the advantages of this technology deals with digital SQUIDs, used for sensitive magnetometry with a broadband dynamics connected to a slew-rate in the GHz range. First recently obtained results of digital SQUID operation, based on Nb/Al-Al2O3/Nb shunted Josephson junctions, are presented in this article. In order to obtain the best performance of RSFQ circuits, and especially to push their speed at its limits, a precise diagnostic of such circuits is needed. We are developing a time-resolved diagnostic system based on sensitive photoconductive switches to sample the weak signals coming out of RSFQ circuits at cryogenic temperature. This system includes two different sorts of opto-RSFQ interfaces, based on superconducting and semiconducting materials, respectively. Some simulation results in the microwave range, along with measurements giving the potentialities of different photoswitches are presented.
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ADA445231
CMOS ACTIVE PIXEL SENSORS: DESIGN FOR SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS
Personal Author(s): Turchetta, Renato Clark, Andrew Crooks, Jamie Fant, Andrea French, Marcus J Gasiorek, Przemyslaw Guerrini, Nicola C Jones, Lawrence L Morrissey, Quentin Prydderch, Mark Zakopoulos, Filippos Waltham, Nick R
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 11 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the International Symposium on Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs (1st) held in Marseille, France on 4-6 Jul 2005. The original document contains color images. Pub. in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs Jul 2005.
Descriptors: (U) *COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS, *MULTISENSORS, *LOW NOISE, SYMPOSIA, DETECTION, HIGH RATE, UNITED KINGDOM, RADIATION HARDENING, RESOLUTION, REDUCTION, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, DRIVES
Identifiers: (U) *SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) Scientific applications demand high performance CMOS Active Pixel Sensors. This paper will discuss where critical improvements are needed and describe how to achieve them. Our current drive in image sensor developments stem from the general needs of low-noise, high dynamic range, data sparsification (either on-chip or on-pixel), high rates, radiation hardness, sensor thickness and sensitive area.
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ADA445220
LINK BUDGET ANALYSIS FOR NEW SATELLITE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS: THE MALTE PACKAGE
Personal Author(s): Deplancq, Xavier Cornet, Frederic Lacoste, Frederic Duverdier, Alban Lesthievent, Guy
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 19 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Symposium on Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *AVAILABILITY, *SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS, *TELECOMMUNICATIONS, *RADIO LINKS, SYMPOSIA, RADIO TRANSMISSION, DATA RATE, ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS, FRANCE, FREQUENCY BANDS
Identifiers: (U) *LINK BUDGET, COMPONENT REPORTS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) Nowadays, the future satellite systems for telecommunications are designed to provide multimedia services similar to those offered by terrestrial infrastructures. The main objective in the design of such services is to provide a solution allowing the maximum data rate. This way, the authors propose a new tool, the MALTE package, to analyze accurately link budgets for new satellites operating in the Ka-Band (30 GHz/20 GHz) allocated for the Fixed Services. The use of this frequency band implies that new problems have to be understood and new challenges overcome: propagation phenomena affect more strongly the transmitted signals, and new technologies have to be developed. Moreover, in order to ensure a high capacity and availability of the transmission links, adaptive modulations and codes are used. In part 1, the paper recalls the classical method for link budget computation. In part 2, new systems based on adaptivity are shown. Finally, the last past introduces a new method based on a statistical approach in order to estimate accurately the spatial and temporal availability of the RF links.
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ADA445457
NEW EUROPEAN APOGEE MOTOR -- ADVANCED PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY
Personal Author(s): Ehmann, Dieter Gotzig, Ulrich Schulte, Georg Beyer, Steffen Schmidt, Stefan
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 3 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium (1st) held in Marseille, France, on 4-6 Jul 2005. Pub. in the Proceedings of the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium, Jul 2005. Prepared in cooperation with EADS Space Transportation, Ottobrunn, Germany. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *EFFICIENCY, *COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, *FUEL INJECTORS, *SYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES, *SPACE PROPULSION, *ROCKET ENGINES, FILAMENT WOUND CONSTRUCTION, ATOMIZATION, HYPERGOLIC ROCKET PROPELLANTS, FIBER REINFORCEMENT, SYMPOSIA, CERAMIC MATERIALS, GERMANY, RELIABILITY, LOW COSTS, PERFORMANCE(ENGINEERING)
Identifiers: (U) *GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES, *APOGEE ENGINES, APOGEE MOTORS, INJECTOR SYSTEMS, ATOMIZED PROPELLANTS, LOW MASS, MASS SAVINGS, COMPONENT REPORTS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) Apogee motors will transfer large geostationary satellites into their final orbit within the next decade. Approximately 60% of a geostationary satellite's mass is propellant, 90% of which is consumed by the apogee motor. An increase in motor performance and motor efficiency would offer significant mass savings for the satellites. Therefore, an optimum performing apogee motor is still an element of strategic importance for the competitiveness of large geostationary satellites. The need for developing a new High Performance Bi-propellant Apogee Motor is driven by customers' demands for higher performance, higher reliability, and lower prices. The benefit for customers will be strategic (independence for Europe) and commercial (greater payloads and more competitive pricing in the world market). There are two essential elements for a high performance apogee motor: injector technology and combustion chamber technology. This paper describes the development objectives for the motor's injector system and combustion chamber.
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ADA446436
Optical Technologies for On-Board Processing of Microwave Signals
Personal Author(s): Sotom, Michel Benazet, Benoit Maignan, Michel Armengol, osep-Maria P
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 8 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *OPTICAL PROPERTIES, *OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS, *TELECOMMUNICATIONS, *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES, *COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, *ONBOARD, *MICROWAVE FREQUENCY, HIGH POWER, OSCILLATORS, HETERODYNING, BROADBAND, FRANCE, INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCIES, LOW NOISE, CONTINUOUS WAVE LASERS, LOCAL OSCILLATORS, SUPPRESSION, MODULATORS, LASER MODULATORS, RADIOFREQUENCY, EARTH(PLANET), DOWN CONVERTERS, PHOTONS, ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES, REMOTE DETECTORS, MODULAR CONSTRUCTION, ELECTROOPTICS, PAYLOAD, ELECTRONICS
Identifiers: (U) FOREIGN REPORTS, LOCAL OSCILLATORS
Abstract: (U) In the last decade, optics has proved a key technology for the transmission and handling of broadband signals in telecommunication networks. Future telecom satellite payloads will have to receive, process, route and re-transmit an increasing number of microwave signals. We have been investigating how the technologies inherited from terrestrial optical communications may bring substantial improvements or provide any breakthrough in satellite sub-systems. Optical technologies may contribute to the advent of new payload designs by enhancing or complementing conventional electronic functions, or by implementing new functions for which there is no satisfactory electronic solution. Critical issues such as EMC/EMI, RF isolation, mass, volume figures could be improved significantly as well. The investigated functions include optical distribution of high-frequency local oscillators (LO), optical frequency-conversion and optical cross-connection of microwave signals. Optical techniques can be used for distributing LO's directly in the microwave or millimetre-wave range in many sub-systems of future payloads. They comply with low-phase noise requirements, while bringing drastic mass savings and suppressing isolation and EMC/EMI issues. However, it is necessary to produce a microwave LO under optical form, with low phase noise and power high enough to deliver to numerous equipment. This can be achieved for instance through double sideband modulation with carrier suppression of a high-power CW laser, by means of an electrooptical intensity modulator. Optical heterodyning of the first two side-bands at the photo-receiver generates the high-purity microwave signal frequency. Frequency mixing can be achieved as well by using an electro-optic intensity modulator that both is fed by a photonic local oscillator and is driven by a given microwave signal.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA446235
DEVELOPMENT OF A LARGE-FORMAT SCIENCE-GRADE CMOS ACTIVE PIXEL SENSOR, FOR EXTREME ULTRA VIOLET SPECTROSCOPY AND IMAGING IN SPACE SCIENCE
Personal Author(s): Waltham, N, R Prydderch, M, Mapson-Menard, H, Morrissey, Q, Turchetta, R, Pool, P, Harris, A
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 13 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Symposium on Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 Jul 2005. Prepared in cooperation with e2v technologies, Chelmsford, Essex, U.K. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROSCOPY, *IMAGES, *COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS, *PIXELS, SYMPOSIA, UNITED KINGDOM, SOLAR PHYSICS, SPACE SCIENCES, SPECTROGRAPHS, DETECTORS
Identifiers: (U) *CMOS(COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS), ESA(EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY), EUV(EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET), COMPONENT REPORTS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) We describe our programme to develop a large-format science-grade CMOS active pixel sensor for future space science missions, and in particular an extreme ultra-violet spectrograph for solar physics studies on ESA's Solar Orbiter. Our route to EUV sensitivity relies on adapting the back-thinning and rear-illumination techniques first developed for CCD sensors. So far we have designed and tested a 4k x 3k 5-micrometer pixel sensor fabricated on a 0.25-micrometer CMOS imager process. Wafer samples of these sensors have been thinned by e2v technologies with the aim of obtaining good sensitivity at EUV wavelengths. We present our results to date, and plans for a new sensor of 2k x 2k 10-micrometer pixels to be fabricated on a 0.35-micrometer CMOS process.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA446254
CRYOGENIC AND LOX BASED PROPULSION SYSTEMS FOR ROBOTIC PLANETARY MISSIONS
Personal Author(s): Valentian, Dominique
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 8 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the International Symposium on Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs (1st) held in Marseille, France on 4-6 Jul 2005. Pub. in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs Jul 2005.
Descriptors: (U) *ROBOTICS, *PROPULSION SYSTEMS, *CRYOGENIC PROPELLANTS, *SPACE MISSIONS, SYMPOSIA, HIGH ACCELERATION, LIQUID OXYGEN, REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS, STORABLE ROCKET PROPELLANTS, CRYOGENIC ENGINES, THERMAL INSULATION, INTERPLANETARY TRAJECTORIES, THRUSTERS, FRANCE, SPACECRAFT
Identifiers: (U) FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) Robotic planetary missions use almost exclusively storable propellants. However, it is clear that the use LOX/LH2 and LOX/HC combinations will offer a tremendous payload gain for most robotic missions. The perceived complexity of cryogenic propulsion, the need of cryogenic propellants active refrigeration to eliminate boil-off losses and the high acceleration imparted to spacecraft structure by high thrust cryogenic engines have prevented the use of cryogenic propulsion for robotic missions. Elaborated thermal insulation techniques and the recent progresses in active refrigeration help to consider the use of cryogenic propulsion for interplanetary missions. The performance increase enable to consider new missions like Mars sample return without in orbit rendezvous or heavy rovers on Mars surface.
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ADA446234
THE CMOS BREAKTHROUGH FOR SPACE OPTICAL DETECTION: RECENT ADVANCES AND SHORT TERM PERSPECTIVES
Personal Author(s): Saint-Pe, Olivier, Breart de Boisanger, Michel, Larnaudie, Franck, Tulet, Michel, Davancens, Robert, Magnan, Pierre, Martin Gonthier, Philippe
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 11 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Symposium on Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 Jul 2005. Prepared in cooperation with Supaero/CIMI, Toulouse, France. Abstract in French and English. Text in English. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *OPTICAL DETECTION, *SPACE ENVIRONMENTS, *COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS, SYMPOSIA, CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES, ELECTROOPTICS, FRANCE
Identifiers: (U) *CMOS(COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS), CIS(CMOS IMAGE SENSORS), COMPONENT REPORTS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) Today, both CCD and CMOS sensors can be envisaged for nearly all visible sensors and instruments designed for space needs. Indeed, detectors built with both technologies allow excellent electro-optics performances to be reached, the selection of the most adequate device being driven by their functional and technological features and limits. The first part of the paper presents electro-optics characterisation results of CMOS image sensors (CIS) built with an optimised CMOS process, demonstrating the large improvements of CIS electro-optics performances. The second part reviews the advantages of CMOS technology for space applications, illustrated by examples of CIS developments performed by EADS Astrium and Supa ro/CIMI for current and short term coming space programs.
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ADA446106
NBN JOSEPHSON AND TUNNEL JUNCTIONS FOR SPACE THZ OBSERVATION AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
Personal Author(s): Setzu, Romano, Hadacek, Nicolas, Larrey, Vincent, Beaudin, Gerard, Villegier, Jean-Claude,
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 11 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Symposium on Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 Jul 2005. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *TUNNELING(ELECTRONICS), *JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS, SIGNAL PROCESSING, SPACE ENVIRONMENTS, FAR INFRARED RADIATION, LOGIC CIRCUITS, LOCAL OSCILLATORS, SUBMILLIMETER WAVES, INFRARED DETECTORS, SEMICONDUCTORS, SUPERCONDUCTORS
Identifiers: (U) *TUNNEL JUNCTIONS, *NBN(NIOBIUM NITRIDE), *THZ(TERAHERTZ), FIR(FAR INFRARED RADIATION), SIS(SUPERCONDUCTOR-INSULATOR-SUPERCONDUCTOR), SNS(SUPERCONDUCTOR-NORMAL METAL-SUPERCONDUCTOR), MTS(MEDIUM TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR)
Abstract: (U) Active superconducting circuits based on picoseconds switching, i.e., THz oscillating, Josephson tunnel junctions are expected to find a large domain of applications in spatial sub-millimeter wave and FIR detectors as well as in satellite based wideband signal and data processors. In the first case, SIS (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) tunnel junctions are required, while in the second case SNS (superconductor-normal metal-superconductor) self-shunted junctions are preferred. We present the advantages of the nitride junction technology currently developed at CEA-Grenoble, based on high-performance MTS (medium temperature superconductor) NbN films in both SIS and SNS junctions. In the SIS case the device performances rely on a sputter deposited and post-annealed, only 0.5-0.7 nm thick, dielectric MgO barrier. This leads to junctions with a Josephson critical current in the range of 10-25 kA/cm2, and a large superconducting energy gap (> 5 meV) associated with a low sub-gap quasi-particle leakage current. These parameters are suitable for low "noise temperature" heterodyne mixers, local oscillators, and integrated receivers in the 0.8 to 1.4 THz frequency range. In the SNS case, a new reactively sputtered TaXN barrier material has been developed. The obtained junctions have a characteristic Josephson frequency above 350 GHz. This can be easily extended above 800 GHz by barrier parameter engineering, and reducing the junction size by using conventional submicron lithographic techniques. Such NbN SNS junctions have been shown to be suitable for large scale integration in nitride-based multilayer Rapid Single Flux Quantum logic circuits operating at 10K. Both NbN SIS and SNS junction circuits can be combined on-chip in new ultra-wide band and low dissipation front-end SOC functions operating near 10K. In addition, they can be eventually interfaced with higher temperature semiconductor stages for space telecom applications.
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ADA446386
VALIDATION OF A WIRELESS OPTICAL LAYER FOR ON-BOARD DATA COMMUNICATIONS
Personal Author(s): Pelissou, Patrice, Santammaria, Asuncion, Hernandez, Francisco J, Plancke, Patrck
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 17 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Conference on Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs held in Marseille, France on 4-6 Jul 2005. Pub. in Proceedings of Conference on Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs Jul 2005. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *VALIDATION, *INTERACTIONS, *WIRELESS LINKS, *COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, TEST AND EVALUATION, SYMPOSIA, ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES, SOFTWARE TOOLS, FRANCE, OFF THE SHELF EQUIPMENT, DEMONSTRATIONS, NETWORKS, DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
Identifiers: (U) FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) This study was conducted in 2003/2004. The objective was to assess the feasibility of an intra-satellite communication using a wireless optical network. The study includes: The review of existing technologies; the space and spacecraft environment, and the design, manufacturing and test of demonstrators.
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ADA446756
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF MICRO AND NANO TECHNOLOGIES ON SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
Personal Author(s): Coumar, Oudea
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 13 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: Presented at Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs held in Marseille, France on 4-6 Jul 2005. See also ADM001791. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *SPACE TECHNOLOGY, *NANOTECHNOLOGY, *MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS, TEST BEDS, SPACE ENVIRONMENTS, OFF THE SHELF EQUIPMENT, RELIABILITY, FRANCE, LAUNCHERS
Identifiers: (U) NANO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, MICROELECTRONICS INFRASTRUCTURE, TECHNOLOGY READINESS LEVEL, TRL, PHYSICS OF FAILURE METHODOLOGY, RELIABILITY TESTING, IN-FLIGHT TESTING, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) This paper highlights the current state of art of Micro and Nano technologies and also describes the Research and Developments activities going on at EADS-Space transportation with CNES and ESA. A diverse range of MEMS COTS/MOTS (MEMS Commercial off The shelf) are available in the markets that are primarily applicable to Space Transportation vehicles particularly on the Telemetry Sub systems with some specific upgrading activities. For the "End-User" reliability assurance is an integral part of the space qualification process. The testing methods/protocols are also very device dependent EADS-ET has participated with CNES ESA and research labs tor the development of PoF (Physics of Failure) modelling on reliability prediction. In order to apply MNT's (Micro and Nano Technologies) in the space domain (launchers, satellites, probes,) validation of these devices under space launchers environment is essential. Flight opportunities are a key issue since technologies not qualified in-orbit are usually seen as risky and are discarded by the Space Industry. There are some flight opportunities tor MNT in-orbit demonstration with Ariane 5 launchers. For that we propose to develop a recurrent Technology Test Bed (TTB) which could offer standard interfaces with technology experiments. The target in short term (5 years) is the development of Low cost telemetry sub-systems" by using smart MEMS sensors. For that, we started the following works for coming three years (2005-2007): Phase 1: Spatialization (up grading), qualification and adaptation of MEMS COTS tor a flight demonstrator on Ariane 5 launchers environments Phase 2: Realization of test bed to make flight demonstration of MNTs for space transportation use Phase 3: Study of "Low cost telemetry sub-systems" by using smart MEMS sensors.
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ADA446638
Fusion Reactions and Matter-Antimatter Annihilation for Space Propulsion
Personal Author(s): Deutsch, Claude
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 42 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791, Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs Held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005.
Descriptors: (U) *SPACECRAFT NUCLEAR PROPULSION, INTERPLANETARY SPACE, FRANCE, TRITIUM, SPACE PROPULSION, INTERSTELLAR SPACE
Identifiers: (U) MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT FUSION, INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION, ANTIMATTER ROCKETS, FUSION PROPULSION, MAGNETIC FUSION ENERGY, D-3HE NUCLEAR FUSION, DIPOLE ROCKETS, INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY, STAGED THERMONUCLEAR MICROEXPLOSIONS, ANTIMATTER, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) Magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) and inertial confinement fusion (ICF are critically contrasted in the context of far-distant travels throughout solar system. Both are shown to potentially display superior capabilities for vessel maneuvring at high speed, which are unmatched by standard cryogenic propulsion (SCP). Costs constraints seem less demanding than for ground-based power plants. Main issue is the highly problematic takeoff from earth, in view of safety hazards concomitant to ratioactive spills in case of emergency. So, it is recommended to assemble the given powered vessel at high earth altitude ~ 700 km, above upper atmosphere. Fusion propulsion is also compared to fission powered one, which secures a factor of two improvement over SCP. As far a specific impulse (sec) is considered, one expects 500-3000 from fission and as much as 104 - 105 from fusion through deuterium-tritium. Next, we turn attention to the most performing fusion reaction, i.e. protonantiproton annihilation with specific impulse ~ 103 - 106 and thrust-to-weight ratio ~ 10-3 - 1. Production and costs are timely reviewed. The latter could drop by 4 orders of magnitude, which is possible with successful MCF or ICF. Appropriate vessel designs will be presented for fusion as well as for antimatter propulsion. In particuclar, ICAN-II project to Mars in 30 days with fusion catalyzed by 140 ng of antiprotons will be detailed (specific impulse ~ 13500 sec).
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ADA446639
HIGH POWER ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEM FOR NEP (SYSTEMES PROPULSIFS ELECTRIQUES DE FORTE PUISSANCE POUR PROPULSION NUCLEO-ELECTRIQUE)
Personal Author(s): Koppel, Christophe R , Duchemin, Olivier ,Valentian, Dominique
Report Date: 3 Jul 2005 Media Count: 15 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791, Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs Held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005., The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *PROPELLANTS, *ELECTRIC PROPULSION, HIGH POWER, SPECIFIC IMPULSE, KRYPTON, RARE GASES, HALL THRUSTERS, MARS PROBES, SPACE PROPULSION, INTERPLANETARY TRAJECTORIES, FRANCE, ARGON
Identifiers: (U) HIGH POWER ELECTRIC PROPULSION SUBSYSTEM, NUCLEAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION, GRIDDED-ION THRUSTERS, MAGNETO-PLASMA DYNAMIC THRUSTERS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) Recent US initiatives in Nuclear Propulsion lend themselves naturally to raising the question of the assessment of various options and particularly to propose the High Power Electric Propulsion Subsystem (HPEPS) for the Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP). The purpose of this paper is to present the guidelines for the HPEPS with respect to the mission to Mars, for automatic probes as well as for manned missions. Among the various options, the technological options and the trajectory options are pointed out. The consequences of the increase of the electrical power of a thruster are first an increase of the thrust itself, but also, as a general rule, an increase of the thruster performance due to its higher efficiency. The drawback is the increase of the thruster's size. Due to the large mass of gas needed to perform the foreseen missions, the right selection of the propellant feeding the thruster is of prime importance. The paper presents a discussion on the thruster specific impulse increase that is sometime considered an increase of the main system performances parameter, but that induces for all electric propulsion systems drawbacks in the system power and mass design that are proportional to the thruster specific power increase (kW/N). The compatibility with NEP systems that implies orbiting a sizeable nuclear reactor and a power generation system capable of converting thermal into electric power, with minimum mass and volumes fitting in with Ariane 5 or the Space Shuttle bay, is assessed.
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ADA445522
A NEW SPACE ROBOT END-EFFECTOR FOR ON-ORBIT REFLECTOR ASSEMBLY
Personal Author(s): Nishida, Shin-ichiro ,Hirabayashi, Hisashi ,Yoshikawa, Tsuneo
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 8 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Symposium on Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 Jul 2005. Prepared in collaboration with Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *SPACE ENVIRONMENTS, *ROBOTS, *REFLECTORS, *RADIO TELESCOPES, SYMPOSIA, COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS, ONBOARD, JAPAN, EARTH ORBITS
Identifiers: (U) COMPONENT REPORTS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) In Earth orbit, astronomical observations are possible, free from absorption or disturbances by the Earth's atmosphere. Therefore, some large space telescopes and large space radio telescopes are planned for the future. Launch vehicle payload bay diameters impose severe restrictions on the sizes of these telescopes, and so, structures larger than the payload bay have to be deployed or assembled in orbit. Structures assembled in orbit may have a finer surface accuracy and can be made more rigid than deployable structures. When assembling such large structures, space robots have to move around on the structure. It is necessary to supply power and electronic signals to a robot arm from the structure under construction. Therefore, the power supply line and the communication network have to be incorporated in the structural elements, and the composition which has the connector attaching mechanism of a line was studied. We discuss the design of a telescope reflector which can be assembled in orbit, with its networks and connecting mechanisms suitable for robot tasks. The characteristics of the new end-effector mechanisms and their suitability for onboard assembly tasks were confirmed by test using a two dimensional ground test arm. The test results are also described in this paper.
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ADA445566
TECHNOLOGY DISRUPTIONS IN FUTURE COMMUNICATION PAYLOADS (TECHNOLOGIES DE RUPTURE POUR FUTURES CHARGES UTILES DE TELECOMMUNICATIONS)
Personal Author(s): Gayrard, Jean-Didier
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 8 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: Text in English; title and abstract in French and English. See also ADM001791. Presented at the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium (1st) held in Marseille, France, on 4-6 Jul 2005. Pub. in the Proceedings of the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium, Jul 2005. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *DIGITAL SYSTEMS, *PAYLOAD, *SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS, *EVOLUTION(DEVELOPMENT), *BROADBAND, SIGNAL PROCESSING, OPTICAL EQUIPMENT, HIGH TEMPERATURE, COMMUNICATION SATELLITES, MICROWAVE FREQUENCY, MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS, CRYOGENICS, FRANCE, INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, SUPERCONDUCTORS, ELECTROOPTICS, LOW TEMPERATURE, SYMPOSIA
Identifiers: (U) *DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION, CHILL ELECTRONICS, LTS(LOW TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS), HTS(HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS), TREND ANALYSIS, COMPONENT REPORTS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) The future market of satellite telecommunications will be shaped by four main trends: democratization, regionalization, digitalization, and the use of higher frequency bands. To cope with the economic and technical demands of the market and to compete with terrestrial networks, operators and manufacturers will need to upgrade their satellites. The evolution of satellite communications could go one of three ways: gigantism, adaptation, or modularity. Any of these ways will require satellite payloads to evolve from present levels of complexity that are mainly suited for TV broadcasting and telephone trunking in the Ku and C bands, to a new and higher level of complexity. In any scenario, innovative and disruptive technologies will be welcome. A first wave of disruptive technologies could come from optical and optoelectronic technologies. The rapid expansion of these techniques in terabit terrestrial networks could benefit satellite wideband payloads. Large bandwidth, mass savings, flexibility, and advanced processing are expected. A second wave of disruptive technologies could come from the cold, specifically, chill electronics, superconductivity, and cryogenics. High-temperature superconductors (HTS) allow for very low noise front ends and compact and lossless filters. Low-temperature superconductors (LTS) used in rapid single-flux-quantum (RSFQ) logic integrated circuits give the required computing power for wideband signal processing and analog-to-digital flash conversion of microwave signals. Digital signal processing also will bring disruptions to communication satellites. Digital techniques will enhance every aspect of payload processing, including beam forming, filtering, routing, linearization, and demodulation. Digitized onboard processors will enhance flexibility, performance, and reconfigurability. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) also will play a leading role in the design of next-generation payloads.
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ADA445552
Fuzzy Logic Controller for Small Satellites Navigation
Personal Author(s):
Della Pietra, G ,Falzini, S ,Colzi, E ,Crisconio, M
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 13 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791, Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES, *AUTONOMOUS NAVIGATION, ATTITUDE CONTROL SYSTEMS, KALMAN FILTERING, SPACE NAVIGATION, FUZZY LOGIC, SATELLITE ATTITUDE, SPACE MISSIONS, ITALY, GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
Identifiers: (U) SSN(SMALL SATELLITE NAVIGATOR), CONTROLLERS, FOREIGN REPORTS, INERTIAL POINTING, EARTH POINTING
Abstract: (U) The development of a navigator for small satellites (SSN) is in progress with a joint effort of Space Engineering and ASI in the fram of a technological development program dedicated to SME. The navigator aims at operating satellites in orbit with a minimum ground support and very good performances, by the adoption of innovative technologies, such as attitude observation GPS, attitude state estimation by Kalman Filter and fuzzy logic for attitude control. The SSN is very attractive in space applications where analytical non-linear models prevent an easy synthesis of classical controllers, and where the volume of parameters affecting the plant behavior is very high. The navigator was verified through HW-in-the-loop simulations and the following feature emerged: - three axes control with control performances compatible with Earth observation missions with optical payloads - autonomous on-board management, and non-nominal pointing capacity without ground planning, permitting to acquire images without scheduling in advance - independence from ground commands in selecting operational modes - autonomous wheels desaturation - autonomous system reconfiguration in response to unexpected events, such as sensors or actuators failures -capability to perform both large re-pointing in low times and accurately maintain attitude - robustness against external and internal disturbances and large variations of platform parameters.
Distribution Limitation(s):
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ADA445555
LESSONS LEARNED WITH THE INNOVATION TRIANGLE INITIATIVE
Personal Author(s): Freire, Marco, Guglielmi, Marco, Lascar, Stephane
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 9 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium (1st) held in Marseille, France, on 4-6 Jul 2005. Pub. in the Proceedings of the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium, Jul 2005. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *EUROPE, *SPACE TECHNOLOGY, *COOPERATION, *RESEARCH MANAGEMENT, *SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, SYMPOSIA, INDUSTRIES, LESSONS LEARNED, CORPORATIONS, CONTRACT PROPOSALS, INFORMATION EXCHANGE, SPACE SYSTEMS, NETHERLANDS, TEMPLATES, UNIVERSITIES
Identifiers: (U) *INNOVATION TRIANGLE INITIATIVE, ITI(INNOVATION TRIANGLE INITIATIVE), RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, DISRUPTIVE INNOVATIONS, STAGE-GATE PROCESS, TRL(TECHNOLOGY READINESS LEVEL), ESA(EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY), ESA MEMBER STATES, COMPONENT REPORTS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) One of the roles of the European Space Agency (ESA) is to support the introduction of technology innovation in the space environment. This is the aim of the Innovation Triangle Initiative (ITI), whose specific goal is to explore technologies or services for space applications that are not currently being used or exploited in the context of space, but that have the potential for being the seed for significant innovation. ITI is based on the concept that a close collaboration between three different entities -- the inventor, the developer, and the customer -- is an important factor for the rapid and successful introduction of technology innovations in industry. Following a successful pilot phase, the operational phase of ITI was officially launched on 16th March 2004 with funding of 1.5 MEURO for 2004. The objective of this presentation is to present the ITI concept, the results achieved during ITI's first year of operation, lessons learned, and plans for 2005. The paper includes discussions of the concepts of disruptive innovation, stage-gate process, and Technology Readiness Level; a description of ITI's web-based proposal process; and figures showing the distribution of proposals submitted by member states in 2004, and the 26 Technical Domains in which ITI funds research.
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ADA445549
HIGH-END CMOS ACTIVE PIXEL SENSORS FOR SPACE-BORNE IMAGING INSTRUMENTS
Personal Author(s): Bogaerts, Jan, Lepage, Gerald, Dantes, Didier
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 9 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791, Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005. The original document contains color images. Abstract in French.
Descriptors: (U) *OPTICAL DETECTORS, *COMPLEMENTARY METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS, *SPACE BASED, SPACE ENVIRONMENTS, BELGIUM, OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS, CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES, PIXELS, COMPARISON
Identifiers: (U) FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) Solid-state optical sensors are used in the space environment for a wide range of applications. Many applications still rely on charge coupled device (CCD) technology but CMOS active pixel sensors (APS) offer great promise for use in space-borne imaging instruments. This paper highlights present-day high-end CMOS APS sensors and sketches their advantages with respect to their CCD counterparts. These advantages are illustrated with Fillfactory analysis and ongoing developments resulting from collaborations with ESA and partnerships with CNES and Alcatel Space.
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ADA445484
DEVELOPMENT OF FAST NBN RSFQ LOGIC GATES IN SIGMA-DELTA CONVERTERS FOR SPACE TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Personal Author(s): Baggaetta, Emanuele; Maignan, Michel; Villegier, Jean-Claude
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 14 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs Held in Marseille, France on 4-6 July 2005. , The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *TELECOMMUNICATIONS, *SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, LOW POWER, EUROPE, FUNCTIONS, DIGITAL SYSTEMS, ELECTRONICS, HIGH FREQUENCY, CLOCKS, FLUX(RATE), QUANTUM THEORY, SUPERCONDUCTORS, GATES(CIRCUITS), DISSIPATION, CURRENT DENSITY, SEMICONDUCTORS, SENSITIVITY, JAPAN, NITRIDES, CRYOCOOLERS, NIOBIUM COMPOUNDS, LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION, LOW NOISE, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, THERMAL RESISTANCE, CARRIER FREQUENCIES, NOISE(ELECTRICAL AND ELECTROMAGNETIC), MODULATORS, JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS, SWITCHING, BANDWIDTH, RECEPTION, VARIATIONS, INTEGRATION, HIGH DENSITY, SAMPLING, LOGIC CIRCUITS
Identifiers: (U) RSFQ(RAPID SINGLE FLUX QUANTUM)
Abstract: (U) In the future generations of telecommunication satellites, it will be necessary to reduce the analog part in reception systems and achieve RF front-end at higher carrier frequencies with higher sensitivity and higher bandwidth. RSFQ (Rapid Single Flux Quantum) superconducting logic is suitable to process very high speed digital data processing with very low power dissipation and with performances well beyond what should be possible with CMOS technology in the next decades. The RSFQ circuit technology based on superconducting niobium nitride (NbN) presently developed at CEA-G involves NbN/Ta(sub X)N/NbN internally shunted Josephson junctions with high critical current density and high maximum switching frequency close to 1THz, as required by ultra-fast RSFQ electronics. Very low power dissipation and very low noise level of fast NbN RSFQ gates designed and fabricated at CEA-G are presented. The RSFQ circuit for a sampling comparator has been studied operating in a sigma-delta modulator with a 30 GHz sinusoidal input carrier signal and high sampling clock frequency of about 200 GHz. We will present the thermal noise and how it influences the phase fluctuations. Such a nitride technology has been recently demonstrated to be fully compatible with large scale integration on 200 mm diameter silicon wafer at reasonable fabrication cost in a micro-nano-electronic platform at CEA-Leti. The applicability of NbN RSFQ digital functions in the next decade Space Telecoms will finally be possible thanks to the development of reliable, low power consuming, space qualified cryocoolers operating at about 10K. Moreover semiconductor system design and integration techniques can be simply adapted to superconductivity, to fit the rules of any RSFQ library-foundry network, such as "CONNECT" for Japan and "FLUXONICS" for Europe.
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ADA445571
INTERNET SWITCHING BY SATELLITE: AN ULTRA FAST PROCESSOR WITH RADIO BURST SWITCHING
Personal Author(s): Haardt, Celine ;Couville, Nicolas
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 19 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: Text in English; abstract in French and English. See also ADM001791. Presented at the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium (1st) held in Marseille, France, on 4-6 Jul 2005. Pub. in the Proceedings of the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium, Jul 2005. Prepared in cooperation with the German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *BROADBAND, *SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS, *TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING, *INTERNET, *PACKET SWITCHING, *BURST TRANSMISSION, SYMPOSIA, DEMODULATION, COMMUNICATION SATELLITES, KA BAND, COMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS, DECODING, UPLINKS, ONBOARD, DOWNLINKS, MICROPROCESSORS, FRANCE, SCHEDULING
Identifiers: (U) *RADIO BURST SWITCHING, RBS(RADIO BURST SWITCHING), STATISTICAL MULTIPLEXING, CONNECTIVITY, MGT(MULTI-GIGABIT TRANSCEIVERS), MULTI-STAGE SWITCH ARCHITECTURE, SINGLE-HOP CONNECTIONS, DVB-RCS(DIGITAL VIDEO BROADCASTING RETURN CHANNEL SATELLITE), COMPONENT REPORTS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) This paper introduces a new switching approach for satellites involved in routing statistical traffic, such as Internet Protocol (IP) data. Inherited from the optical domain, Radio Burst Switching (RBS) can combine a coarse switching granularity (such as circuit switching) with statistical multiplexing (such as packet switching) to better cope with the increasing bandwidth demands of Internet traffic and the need for high connectivity. RBS allows for packet switching missions in which the main burden of data does not require processing. RBS splits header-like information (control plane) from useful data (data plane), each one travelling on separate but linked paths. RBS then demodulates and decodes the header part of the packet and the main burden of data flow is not processed, but simply switched. Savings on embedded mass and power can be achieved because the processing stage is sized to header traffic only. This is the reason why RBS could be the solution to next-generation broadband satellite system requirements. Thanks to relevant data and control channel organization and selective onboard regeneration of signaling, it could be possible to integrate RBS into a Digital Video Broadcasting Return Channel Satellite (DVB-RCS) environment. Under this scenario, processor implementation would be very challenging, mainly due to the interconnect power costs and memory intensive processing. Because of integrated multi-gigabit transceivers (MGT) and multi-stage switch architecture, an ultra-fast packet switch will be feasible using year 2010 technologies. This paper describes the Ultra-Fast Internet Satellite Switching (ULISS) project upstream activities. The main ULISS goal is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of the RBS concept and the ultra-fast packet switch processor.
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ADA445911
CONCLUSIONS OF ESA 1ST OPTICAL WIRELESS ONBOARD COMMUNICATIONS WORKSHOP: CURRENT STATUS AND THE ROAD FORWARD
Personal Author(s): Hernandez, Inmaculada ; Plancke, Patrick
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 6 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium (1st) held in Marseille, France, on 4-6 Jul 2005. Pub. in the Proceedings of the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium, Jul 2005. Text in English; abstract in French and English.
Descriptors: (U) *EUROPE, *SPACECRAFT, *OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS, *ONBOARD, *WIRELESS LINKS, *SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, *SPACE SYSTEMS, DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS, COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, GROUND STATIONS, WORKSHOPS, FRANCE, AEROSPACE SYSTEMS, ELECTROOPTICS, LOCAL AREA NETWORKS, OFF THE SHELF EQUIPMENT
Identifiers: (U) INTRASATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS, INTRASPACECRAFT COMMUNICATIONS, COMPONENT REPORTS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) The purpose of this workshop was to bring together representatives of European space agencies, aerospace industry, wireless technology industry, academia, research institutions, and end-users to do the following: (1) Review the state-of-the-art of optical free space communications in ground and in space, in short- and medium-link distances, point-to-point, as well as broadcast or other networking schemes; (2) Explore the future needs, potential solutions, and challenges in applying these technologies to communications onboard spacecraft and in ground integration and test facilities; (3) Investigate the challenges imposed by the space environment with regard to opto-electronic component technologies, particularly with respect to space radiation and temperature and vacuum conditions; and (4) Discuss the main techniques and technologies for the optical wireless intra-spacecraft LAN as a distinct spacecraft subsystem. The "Optical Wireless On-board Communications Workshop," sponsored by the European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), was held in September 2004. The workshop presented a complete European vision of the current situation of optical wireless techniques and technologies and their applicability to space. The paper also draws on information that has resulted from the activities of the Computer and Data System Section of the European Space Agency (ESA) over the last 5 years. In addition, the paper integrates the latest results available from on-going complementary development and testing projects.
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ADA445458
SUPERCOMPUTERS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS
Personal Author(s): Estaves, G ;Leconte, P; Vissio, G ;Leyre, X
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 10 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium (1st) held in Marseille, France, on 4-6 Jul 2005. Pub. in the Proceedings of the Potentially Disruptive Technologies and their Impact in Space Programs Symposium, Jul 2005. Prepared in cooperation with Alcatel Space, Cannes la Bocca, France. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *SPACE SYSTEMS, *MICROPROCESSORS, *SUPERCOMPUTERS, *OFF THE SHELF EQUIPMENT, *ONBOARD, *RADIATION HARDENING, *FAULT TOLERANT COMPUTING, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, HIGH POWER, RELIABILITY, PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS, HIGH RELIABILITY, FRANCE, MULTIPROCESSORS, MICROELECTRONICS, PARALLEL PROCESSORS, DATA PROCESSING, SPACE TECHNOLOGY, SYMPOSIA
Identifiers: (U) SKYBRIDGE NETWORK, POWERPC PROCESSOR, POWERPC BOARD, SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE, DMT(DUPLEX MULTIPLEXED IN TIME), TMR(TRIPLE MODULAR REDUNDANCY), FPGA(FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS), MAXWELL BOARD, GAIA PROJECT, GALAXY MAPPING, VPU(VIDEO PROCESSING UNITS), STAR DETECTION, LEON PROCESSOR, SEU(SINGLE EVENT UPSET), COMPONENT REPORTS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) Upcoming new science and Earth observation projects, like GAIA, make the need for high-power computing systems more and more evident in the space community. Commercial technologies, like PowerPC processors, have very promising properties apart from their computing performance. Tests performed by various space agencies (ESA & CNES) to verify the SEU tolerance of new microelectronic technologies show that a possible convergence between space and ground technologies will be necessary for supercomputers to be used in space. Fault-tolerant supercomputers could be used to complement the European radiation-hardened LEON processor line. These systems would allow for high-power processing to occur onboard the spacecraft as a first step. Then, once the validity of the technology has been demonstrated, it is likely to generate a revolution in space systems. This paper presents the ALCATEL SPACE (ASP) vision of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) computers in space systems. The paper discusses the experience ASP has acquired with COTS processors that incorporate fault tolerant techniques beginning with the Skybridge Project, and how that experience has been reworked for the GAIA project. The paper also provides an overview of next-generation space systems and how they will be affected by COTS products.
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ADA445745
NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT FOR FAR INFRARED BOLOMETER ARRAYS
Personal Author(s): Mottin, E ;Agnese, Patrick ;Peytavit, E; Beguin, A; Rey, P
Report Date: 13 Jul 2005 Media Count: 11 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001791. Presented at the Symposium on Potentially Disruptive Technologies and Their Impact in Space Programs, held in Marseille, France on 4-6 Jul 2005. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *ARRAYS, *FAR INFRARED RADIATION, *ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORIES, *BOLOMETERS, SYMPOSIA, SILICON, FRANCE, INFRARED DETECTORS, PHOTODETECTORS, FOCAL PLANES, SPECTROMETERS
Identifiers: (U) PACS(PHOTODETECTOR ARRAY CAMERA AND SPECTROMETER), NEP(NOISE EQUIVALENT POWER), COMPONENT REPORTS, FOREIGN REPORTS
Abstract: (U) Since 1997, CEA/SAP and CEA/LETI/SLIR have been developing monolithic Si bolometer arrays sensitive in the far infrared and submillimeter range for space observations. Two focal planes, 32x64 and 16x32 pixel arrays, are designed and manufactured for the PACS (Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer) instrument of the Herschel observatory, to be launched in 2007. The two arrays cover respectively the 60-130 micrometer and 130-210 micrometer ranges. The goal of these large bolometer arrays is to achieve observations in a background limited NEP around 10(to the negative 16th power) W.Hz(to the negative 1/2 power). The detector physics and manufacture techniques of the different stages of these arrays are first presented. Then we describe the read-out and multiplexing cold electronics (300mK) that make possible several functional modes (temporal and fixed pattern noise reduction, etc.). The latest experimental measurements carried out with the complete detector system at the nominal temperature are presented and performances are discussed.
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ADA435462
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE POSTURE STATEMENT 2005
Report Date: Jan 2005 Media Count: 24 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *AIR FORCE, *MISSIONS, *AIR FORCE OPERATIONS, WARFARE, MILITARY REQUIREMENTS, MILITARY STRATEGY, SPACE TECHNOLOGY, AGING(MATERIALS), JOINT MILITARY ACTIVITIES, MILITARY MODERNIZATION, TERRORISM, HOMELAND DEFENSE
Identifiers: (U) OPERATION NOBLE EAGLE, OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM, CONTINGENCY OPERATIONS
Abstract: (U) Today's security environment is characterized by change and ambiguity. The future will include a variety of challenges, including the risk of catastrophic attacks on the homeland, and the possibility of disruptive technological breakthroughs by our adversaries. The number and character of potential U.S. adversaries is growing and changing, as states and non-state actors acquire advanced technology and even weapons of mass destruction. We can foresee the near-term threats posed by ballistic and cruise missiles; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear weapons; advanced double-digit surface-to-air missiles; and sophisticated combat aircraft. We should also anticipate computer network attacks and attacks on other critical infrastructure, including space networks. Not only must we be prepared to confront these known threats, but we also must be ready for unexpected, disruptive breakthroughs in technology that may undercut traditional U.S. advantages. Maintaining a strong defense able to overcome and defeat these threats remains an imperative for our nation. Currently, the Air Force can command the global commons of air and space, and significantly influence the global commons of sea and cyberspace; however, we cannot maintain this advantage using yesterday's technology in the systems and air and space vehicles of our current force structure. Recapitalizing our aging systems is our number one challenge.
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ADA449551
WEAPONS: A REPORT ON THE INDUSTRY
Personal Author(s): Maybaumwisniewski, Susan ; Brown, Shannon ; Kreitler, Walter
Report Date: Jan 2005 Media Count: 32 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *WEAPONS, *DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, *MUNITIONS INDUSTRY, UNMANNED, MILITARY MODERNIZATION, UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE, TRANSFORMATIONS, INDUSTRIAL PREPAREDNESS, NONLETHAL WEAPONS, GLOBALIZATION
Identifiers: (U) *WEAPONS INDUSTRY, INNOVATIONS, UAV(UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES)
Abstract: (U) The weapons industry -- with products ranging from nuclear weapons to non-lethal arms -- is large and complex. Despite this complexity, it maintains an especially close relationship with its main customer, the United States military. Therefore, while the weapons industry faces many of the same challenges as other industries, it also faces unique issues as a major supplier to a transforming military. This paper examines the industry's ability to perceive and effectively incorporate disruptive innovations, as defined by Clayton Christensen, which may dramatically change the nature of the industry. Ability to anticipate and respond to change is not only necessary for a victorious military, as noted by General Giulio Douhet, the Italian air strategist, but is also vital for the survival of an industry.
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ADA449476
AGRIBUSINESS INDUSTRY STUDY FINAL REPORT
Personal Author(s):
Ascunce, Jorge ; Burcham, Margaret ; Couch, Kevin ;Evans, Jason ; Frisk, Amy ; Graube, Raimonds ;Halmrast-Sanchez, Tamra ;Hoying, Donald ;Kuchta, Michael Lethin, Clarke
Report Date: Jan 2005 Media Count: 30 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *UNITED STATES, *INDUSTRIES, *AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, *AGRICULTURE, POLICIES, NATIONAL SECURITY, COMPETITION, BIOTERRORISM, COMMODITIES, FARMS, UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, GOVERNMENT(FOREIGN), LABOR, REGULATIONS
Identifiers: (U) *AGRIBUSINESS INDUSTRY, GLOBAL MARKETS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS, INVASIVE SPECIES, GREEN REVOLUTION, SUBSIDIES, BIOSECURITY, FOOD SAFETY
Abstract: (U) The American agribusiness industry is in the midst of a global competition that is re-defining the role of US agriculture in the world marketplace. The forces that are shaping this competition include: the integration of world agricultural markets, world-wide adoption of cutting edge technologies, and aggressive foreign government agricultural policies. In addition to these competitive forces, American agribusiness must contend with: adapting to potentially disruptive technologies such as genetically modified plants and animals, dealing with the threats of biological terrorism and invasive plant and animal species, and adapting to new market/regulatory forces brought about by the green revolution. Unfortunately, the United States Government has been slow to react. The continuation of decades of agricultural subsidies has effectively trapped many growers into producing low-value commodities. For the remainder of the agricultural industry, the government provides little help in dealing with this changing economic environment. The lack of a comprehensive agricultural government policy has left the US agribusiness sector open to attack from aggressive competitive foreign producers, and vulnerable to the uncertainties of a quickly changing marketplace.
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ADA442145
MULTI-ACCESS LASER TERMINAL USING LIQUID CRYSTAL BEAM STEERING (PREPRINT)
Personal Author(s): ; Stockley, Jay ;Serati, Steve;
Report Date: Jan 2005 Media Count: 7 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: The original document contains color images. Pub. in Aerospace Conference, 6 Mar 2005, Big Sky, MT.
Descriptors: (U) *RADIO BROADCASTING, *LIQUID CRYSTALS, *BEAM STEERING, *RADIOFREQUENCY, *COMMUNICATION AND RADIO SYSTEMS, *LASER COMMUNICATIONS, *COMMUNICATION TERMINALS, *MULTIPLE ACCESS, REPRINTS, OPTICAL EQUIPMENT, OPTICAL PROPERTIES, COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, ROUTING, TRANSFORMATIONAL GRAMMARS, PHASED ARRAYS, SPACE STATIONS, SAVINGS, DATA LINKS, SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS, FORMATS, COSTS, RANDOM ACCESS COMPUTER STORAGE, SECURITY, OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS
Identifiers: (U) TSAT(TRANSFORMATIONAL SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM)
Abstract: (U) Laser communications offer increased bandwidth and security over radio frequency. These advantages have made laser communications a key technology for future communication systems. The operation of transformational lasercom networks include terminal capabilities that are beyond those normally associated with one-to-one links. One requisite capability is multi-access communication where one terminal communicates with several other terminals. This type of operation is important for any terminal that is acting as a hub for other terminals. Thus multiple optical communication links mimic broadcast communications in a more secure format. Also, multi-access operation is desirable for dynamic routing schemes where several terminals in the field maintain multiple links to route around obstructions. A multi-access laser terminal offers potential savings in size, cost, and power, and is considered an enabling technology for the Transformational Satellite Communications System (TSAT). A space platform for optical communications could benefit from nonmechanical beam steering in which no inertia is used to redirect the laser communications link. This benefit can be realized by compact, low-power, light-weight optical phased arrays. Non-mechanical beam steering eliminates the need for massive optomechanical components to steer the field of view of optical systems. A phased array approach also allows for random access beam steering.
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ADA430601
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE LOGISTICS TRANSFORMATION STRATEGY: ACHIEVING KNOWLEDGE-ENABLED LOGISTICS
Report Date: 10 Dec 2004 Media Count: 24 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), *DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, *STRATEGY, *LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT, *MILITARY MODERNIZATION, *TRANSFORMATIONS, LOGISTICS SUPPORT, MILITARY REQUIREMENTS, INTEGRATED SYSTEMS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, JOINT MILITARY ACTIVITIES, ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS, DATA FUSION, DECENTRALIZATION, RAPID DEPLOYMENT, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
Identifiers: (U) *FOCUSED LOGISTICS, MULTINATIONAL LOGISTICS, FORCE HEALTH PROTECTION, JOINT THEATER LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT, OPERATIONAL ENGINEERING, AGILE SUSTAINMENT, INFORMATION FUSION, FORCE CENTRIC LOGISTICS ENTERPRISE, SENSE AND RESPOND LOGISTICS
Abstract: (U) This document presents the Department of Defense (DoD) strategy to reconcile advanced logistics concepts in support of distributed adaptive operations and DoD transformation, as required by the FY06 Strategic Planning Guidance. The strategy was prepared for the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics) by the Logistics Transformation Roadmap Steering Group, under the direction of the Joint Logistics Board. The strategy includes a comprehensive process to reconcile Focused Logistics, Force-centric Logistics Enterprise, and Sense and Respond Logistics. The strategy also encompasses other transformational operations, intelligence, and logistics concepts to provide a more comprehensive approach to achieve Joint Focused Logistics capabilities. An aggressive experimentation campaign and rapidly developed operational prototypes are included to test, refine, validate, integrate, and socialize transformational logistics technology and concepts. These efforts will enable DoD to better manage logistics developments and to integrate and coordinate with developing concepts for military operations. This strategy supports the detailed Focused Logistics Roadmap to be published in 2005, which will include specific programs, milestones, and resources to achieve Focused Logistics capabilities.
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ADA429673
TRUST AND INFLUENCE IN THE INFORMATION AGE: OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR NETWORK CENTRIC WARFARE
Report Date: Dec 2004 Media Count: 113 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *LEADERSHIP, *COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, *DECENTRALIZATION, COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION, DECISION MAKING, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, THESES, COMMUNICATION AND RADIO SYSTEMS, MILITARY COMMANDERS
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), INFORMATION RMA, NETWORK CENTRIC WARFARE, COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY MODEL, TRUST, NETWORK ENABLED OPERATIONS. CENTRALIZED CONTROL, INFLUENCE, SELF SYNCHRONIZATION, DECISION MAKING, LEADERSHIP, OPERATIONAL TRUST, DECENTRALIZED EXECUTION
Abstract: (U) Military leaders and scholars alike debate the existence of a revolution in military affairs (RMA) based on information technology. This thesis will show that the Information RMA not only exists, but will also reshape how we plan, operate, educate, organize, train, and equip forces for the 21st century. This thesis introduces the Communication Technology (CommTech) Model to explain how communication technologies affect organizations, leadership styles, and decision-making processes. Due to the growth in networking enterprises, leaders will have to relinquish their tight, centralized control over subordinates. Instead, they will have to perfect their use of softer power skills such as influence and trust as they embrace decentralized decision-making. Network Centric Warfare, Self-Synchronization, and Network Enabled Operations are concepts that provide the framework for integrating information technology into the battlespace. The debate that drives centralized versus decentralized control in network operations is analyzed with respect to the CommTech Model. A new term called Operational Trust is introduced and developed, identifying ways to make it easier to build trust among network entities. Finally, the thesis focuses on what leaders need to do to shape network culture for effective operations.
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ADA431932
ADVANCED THERMAL MANAGEMENT FOR MILITARY APPLICATION
Personal Author(s): Allen, David ;Hnatczuk, Wsewolod ; Lasecki, Michael ;Chalgren, Robert
Report Date: Dec 2004 Media Count: 9 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001736, Proceedings for the Army Science Conference (24th) Held on 29 November - 2 December 2005 in Orlando, Florida. The original document contains color images.
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY APPLICATIONS, *TEMPERATURE CONTROL, SYMPOSIA, ENGINES, PUMPS, HORSEPOWER, OPERATORS(PERSONNEL), VALVES, COOLING AND VENTILATING EQUIPMENT, MANAGEMENT
Identifiers: (U) COMPONENT REPORTS, *THERMAL MANAGEMENT
Abstract: (U) Today's coolant system consists mainly of technologies that have remained virtually unchanged for almost a century, yet modern day engines have advanced significantly in almost all other areas. A large amount of the engines horsepower goes into this antiquated and inefficient thermal system. Recent testing has shown that by properly controlling pumps, valves and fans, significant efficiency and emission improvements can be realized. Along with these benefits are improvements in packaging, life, and even operator comfort. These technologies can help the military decrease inventories, improve serviceability and decrease operating cost while increasing cooling capability. EMP has developed a family of products in order to help expedite this paradigm shift in thermal management. EMP, in partnership with the NAC, has successfully demonstrated these technologies on several military and commercial vehicles. This paper will summarize the products,
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ADA429789
LITTORAL COMBAT SHIP (LCS) MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS
Personal Author(s): Douangaphaivong, Thaveephone N
Report Date: Dec 2004 Media Count: 210 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *REQUIREMENTS, *NAVAL VESSELS, *MANPOWER, *NAVAL VESSELS(COMBATANT), OPTIMIZATION, LESSONS LEARNED, RISK, GAS TURBINES, BASE LINES, CREWS, WORKLOAD, LITTORAL ZONES, MANNED
Identifiers: (U) LCS(LITTORAL COMBAT SHIPS), CODAG(COMBINED DIESEL AND GAS TURBINE)
Abstract: (U) The Littoral Combat Ship's (LCS) minimally manned core crew goal is 15 to 50 manpower requirements and the threshold, for both core and mission-package crews, is 75 to 110. This dramatically smaller crew size will require more than current technologies and past lessons learned from reduced manning initiatives. Its feasibility depends upon changes in policy and operations, leveraging of future technologies and increased Workload Transfer from sea to shore along with an increased acceptance of risk. A manpower requirements analysis yielded a large baseline (^200) requirement to support a notional LCS configuration. Combining the common systems from the General Dynamics and Lockheed Martin designs with other assumed equipments (i.e. the combined diesel and gas turbine (CODAG) engineering plant) produce the notional LCS configuration used as the manpower requirements basis. The baseline requirement was reduced through the compounded effect of manpower savings from Smart Ship and OME and suggested paradigm shifts. A Battle Bill was then created to support the notional LCS during Conditions of Readiness I and III. An efficient force deployment regime was adopted to reduce the overall LCS class manpower requirement. The efficiency gained enables the LCS force to flex and satisfy deployment requirements with 25% to 30% fewer manpower requirements over the "one-for-one" crewing concept. An annual manpower savings of $80M to $110 M if each requirement costs $60K.
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ADA432910
GUIDED BULLETS: A DECADE OF ENABLING ADAPTIVE MATERIALS R&D
Personal Author(s): Barrett, Ron ;Lee, Gary
Report Date: Dec 2004 Media Count: 3 Page(s)
Supplementary Note: See also ADM001736, Proceedings of the Army Science Conference (24th) held in Orlando, FL on 29 Nov-2 Dec 2004. Prepared in cooperation with Lutronix Corporation, Del Mar, CA. The original document contains color images.
Distribution Statement: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited., Availability: This document is not available from DTIC in microfiche.
Descriptors: (U) *ADAPTIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS, *FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS, *GUIDED PROJECTILES, *ACTUATORS, *SMART WEAPONS, SYMPOSIA, HARDENING
Identifiers: (U) COMPONENT REPORTS, ADAPTIVE MUNITIONS
Abstract: (U) This paper outlines a research area which is ripe for the generation of a technological surprise for the U.S. and its allies as well as presenting a tremendous opportunity. An historical summary starting in 1995 of several disjointed U.S. programs which were highly technically successful, but were stopped prematurely because of non-technical reasons, is presented. The programs are shown to have matured critical component and subassembly technologies but were never continued far enough to be integrated into tactical rounds. The paper shows that the most critical of these technologies is related to launch-hardened flight control actuators and that work in this area continues around the world at a steady pace. The full paper concludes with a brief assessment of guided bullet flight control technology, future applications and paradigm-shifting missions.
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ADA427540
IMPLEMENTING METOC TRANSFORMATION: APPLYING AUTONOMOUS AGENTS
Personal Author(s): Vorrath, J
Report Date: Sep 2004 Media Count: 65 Page(s)
Distribution Statement: Availability: This document is not available from DTIC in microfiche.
Descriptors: (U) *INFORMATION EXCHANGE, *DISTRIBUTED DATA PROCESSING, *METEOROLOGICAL DATA, REQUIREMENTS, WEATHER, MODELS, THESES, WEATHER FORECASTING, INTERNET, DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS, SOFTWARE TOOLS
Identifiers: (U) *SOFTWARE AGENTS, SEAWAY LOGISTICS TOOL, FORCENET(NAVY NETWORK ARCHITECTURE), TRANSFORMATION(INNOVATION), WAG(WEATHER AGENT)
Abstract: (U) To achieve integration of the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC) community into the developing FORCEnet environment, transformational innovations must be researched and implemented. Agent based software is an example of technology that can be employed in this way by changing the method by which METOC data is distributed to end-users. This thesis documents the creation and implementation of a software agent that uses Internet connections to retrieve numerical model data, loads this output into array data containers, and then makes it available to the end-user in a machine-readable forecast object format. The impact of the importation of this forecast object into warfare commander command-and-control software is then assessed using the commercially available SEAWAY logistics tool. This assessment highlights the importance of defining the METOC functional requirements for the emerging FORCEnet environment, so that proper interfaces to exchange data freely, and visually depict it, are incorporated during next generation software development. Using these types of agents to automate the generation and delivery of weather parameters could also allow the importation of data into previously insular software, provide reach-back support to the warfighter, and be a means of reducing manpower and budgetary requirements during this time of fiscal constraint.
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ADA427259
USING COMMERCIAL AVIATION INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN OPERATIONAL SUPPORT AIRLIFT DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Personal Author(s): Kubik, Charles P , II
Report Date: Sep 2004 Media Count: 87 Page(s)
NPS-GSBPP
Descriptors: (U) *INFORMATION SYSTEMS, *COST EFFECTIVENESS, *COMMERCIAL AVIATION, *AIRLIFT OPERATIONS, *DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS, MILITARY OPERATIONS, LOGISTICS SUPPORT, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, STRATEGY, THESES, OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS, SCHEDULING, BENEFITS, JET PROPULSION
Abstract: (U) Air travel within the Department of Defense (DoD) has the potential of being reinvented due to the disruptive technology of microjets. These smaller, more efficient aircraft will be able to provide cost effective point to point travel to their users. Along with this new way of travel comes the challenge of managing the customer requests, large networks of jets, personnel and support activities. Decision Support Systems (DSS) can help manage these networks by attempting to create optimized scheduling solutions for routing aircraft, crews and logistical support needed to successfully operate in this new environment. The opportunity exists for the DoD's private aircraft operation, the Joint Operational Support Airlift Center (JOSAC), to utilize some of the same system features used in commercial operations such as NetJets to improve operations. This thesis will analyze the use of commercial air operator strategies and DSS "s to be used in JOSAC to improve operational effectiveness. It will look to add new capabilities and processes used in commercial DSS "s along with the implementation of the disruptive technology, microjets. Some of the potential benefits include improved operational performance, solutions to scheduling inefficiencies and improved mission readiness. With these improvements the potential for a military microjet operation in the future is a real possibility.
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ADA443318
SPECIAL TECHNOLOGY AREA REVIEW ON SPINTRONICS. REPORT OF DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ADVISORY GROUP ON ELECTRON DEVICES WORKING GROUP B (MICROELECTRONICS)
Personal Author(s): Dunbridge, Barry; Palkuti, Les ; Wolf, Stuart;
Report Date: Jun 2004 Media Count: 34 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE, *MICROELECTRONICS, *MILITARY APPLICATIONS, *NONVOLATILE MEMORIES, MAGNETIC PROPERTIES, NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE, JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS, QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, RANDOM ACCESS COMPUTER STORAGE, DEFENSE SYSTEMS, TUNNELING(ELECTRONICS)
Identifiers: (U) *SPINTRONICS(SPIN-BASED ELECTRONICS), QUANTUM COMPUTING, MRAM(MAGNETIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY), AGED COLLECTION
Abstract: (U) The objective of this Advisory Group on Electron Devices (AGED) Working Group B (Microelectronics) Special Technology Area Review (STAR) was to examine the status of spintronics (electronics based on the spin degree of freedom of the electron) as it applies to nonvolatile memories and quantum-based logic and computing. In addition, the information provided at the STAR is expected to be of use to the Services and Department of Defense (DoD) agencies as they formulate an investment strategy for realizing the potential benefits of spin-based technologies for military applications. For example, magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) based nonvolatile memory has the potential to replace dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and floating-gate nonvolatile memory (Flash). Specifically, the objectives of the STAR were to: (1) Evaluate the present status and progress in spin-based nonvolatile memory applications. (2) Determine the military applications of this disruptive memory technology particularly as it relates to applying the technology in space-based applications. (3) Review the potential for spin qubit-based quantum logic and computing. (4) Identify current technical barriers and impediments and possible breakthroughs in quantum spin-based computing technologies for future military system applications. (5) Develop additional science and technology efforts to expand applications to DoD systems.
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ADA435362
MANUFACTURING: A REPORT ON THE INDUSTRY 2004
Personal Author(s): Byrd, Barett ; Blanchfield, Brian ;Campagnone, Mari-Jo ;Falvey, Mike ;Albano, Tony ;Anzalone, Donna ;Baltas, Ted ;Byrne, Bill ;Cornelio, Rick ;Coronel, Arturo
Report Date: Jun 2004 Media Count: 47 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *INDUSTRIES, *POLICIES, *NATIONAL SECURITY, *UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, *MANUFACTURING, *ECONOMIC FORECASTING, METALS, GLOBAL, SYMPOSIA, ROBOTICS, OPTIMIZATION, COMPETITION, AUTOMATION, MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS, PRODUCTIVITY, COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING, LABOR, SHORTAGES, MINERALS, UNEMPLOYMENT, STRATEGIC MATERIALS, NANOTECHNOLOGY, OUTSOURCING, HOMELAND SECURITY
Identifiers: (U) GOVERNMENT INDUSTRY RELATIONS, ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE, GLOBALIZATION, GLOBAL MARKETS, INNOVATION, SUSTAINING TECHNOLOGIES, DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, WORKFORCE SHORTAGES, LABOR SHORTAGES, JOB LOSSES, SIX SIGMA, STRATEGIC MINERALS, STRATEGIC METALS
Abstract: (U) Manufacturing has been the heart and soul of the U.S. economic engine for over 100 years. Manufacturing has propelled the United States to victory in multiple world wars and fueled its leadership role in developing a global economy in the 20th century. However, many fear that something is desperately wrong with the current state of U.S. manufacturing, citing recent job losses as one sign of illness. The debate quickly turns to blaming the "globalization" of the economy, which allegedly lured U.S. manufacturing jobs overseas. Many believe that globalization challenges the U.S. manufacturing industry and therefore poses a significant threat to national security. But is this really so? From January to June 2004, the Manufacturing Industry Study seminar looked broadly at the manufacturing sector, both in the United States and abroad. The group listened to advocates for the manufacturing industry, academia, and government, and then visited their institutions to assess the state of this sector. The final product of the seminar, this report defines the manufacturing sector, assesses the current state of manufacturing in the United States, examines challenges and opportunities for the industry (e.g., productivity, employment, competitiveness, outsourcing, global markets, innovation, sustaining and disruptive technologies, robotics, nanotechnology, labor shortages), examines the role of government in fostering the industry, and examines the implications of globalization from both a U.S. and international perspective. This study identified several strategies that must be accomplished by the government, industry, and government-industry partnerships to overcome manufacturing challenges and capitalize on the opportunities offered by the global economy. The report also reviews the Six Sigma approach to optimization and the importance of strategic materials in defense manufacturing. A table of 12 militarily useful minerals and metals is included.
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ADA429095
ALIGNMENT: DISCREPANCIES OF PRACTICE AND VISION IN U.S. ARMY STAFFING
Personal Author(s): Bickford, M V
Report Date: 26 May 2004 Media Count: 54 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *ARMY PERSONNEL, *PERSONNEL SELECTION, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), SKILLS, PERFORMANCE(HUMAN), ENLISTED PERSONNEL, QUALIFICATIONS, ARMY PLANNING
Abstract: (U) This study examines a fundamental misalignment in the efficiency and effectiveness of current processes employed to select and place candidates for service in tomorrow's United States Army. This misalignment concerns the Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other characteristics (KSAOs) identified and measured through selection testing and employed as qualification metrics for final job assignment within the Army's enlisted recruit population. Because of paradigm shifts in the national security environment and a consequent expected increase in the type of activities predicted for tomorrow's Army, Cold War qualification metrics now require alteration to ensure the best potential for successful prosecution of the national security strategy. Through a deliberate re-engineering of key staffing stratagems and processes, the Army can better align with modern goals and the human capital needs of tomorrow's Army. This study elaborates on the principle needs for change by examining official documents which specify the recent paradigm shift in the global security environment and enumerate the consequent future force requirements. This examination highlights the misalignment between the Army's contemporary staffing strategy and the actual staffing needs of the organization, a classic example of espoused theory vs. theory-in-use. This study then prescribes a strategic solution for this misalignment, a solution that leverages available technology within existing systems to provide significant return on investment. In closing, this study will furnish a detailed map of processes targeted for re-engineering, a forecast of anticipated major obstacles, and a consolidated listing of human resource skills required for the implementation and subsequent management of the revitalized Army soldier selection and placement system.
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ADA423764
DON'T START THE REVOLUTION WITHOUT ME: A REVIEW OF THE ARMY TRANSFORMATION
Personal Author(s): Santala, Russel D
Report Date: 19 Mar 2004 Media Count: 31 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *POLITICAL SCIENCE, *MILITARY MODERNIZATION, *TRANSFORMATIONS, USSR, WARFARE, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, MILITARY STRATEGY, NATIONAL SECURITY, LEADERSHIP, ECONOMICS, ARMY PERSONNEL, ARMY OPERATIONS, MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS, CULTURE, ORGANIZATIONAL REALIGNMENT, PERSIAN GULF WAR
Identifiers: (U) *ARMY TRANSFORMATION, *GLOBAL SECURITY, STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT, RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), SOVIET UNION
Abstract: (U) This paper examines the course of the Army Transformation Strategy as it relates to changes in the global security environment and to Department of Defense (DOD) transformation strategy and policy. Since the 1980's there has been much written on the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) and the nature of change related to the conduct of war. In large part recent changes in warfare or RMA have been attributed to various technological developments. The security environment has changed dramatically since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Using a model borrowed from political science for examining social revolution the transformation efforts of the Army over the past decade are explored. Changes in the political social economic and cultural environments have an impact on security matters. This paper reviews the nature of the changes to these factors and their respective impact on the nature of war and the military transformation. Using this discussion of the changes to the global environment to set the context for the discussion Army modernization and transformation programs are reviewed and evaluated against these changing conditions. Change and innovation are difficult within large bureaucracies. The Army emerged from the Viet Nam War determined to reinvent itself and restore its effectiveness as a military organization. These efforts led to the development of an informal model for instituting operational and structural change within the Army. The results of the Gulf War reaffirmed the effectiveness of this model in the minds of the collective Army leadership. Using a similar approach the Army sought to implement change throughout the 1990's as a means to address shortfalls in capability and changes to the global security requirements. The impact of a restored interest in transformation by the Secretary of Defense and DOD agencies on Army efforts were and are significant. The paper concludes by discussing shifts in the direction of Army transform
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ADA422672
INNOVATIVE VEHICLE CAMOUFLAGE
Personal Author(s): Vargo, Terrence G ;Brupbacher, John ;Smith, Fred
Report Date: 02 Feb 2004 Media Count: 17 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *CAMOUFLAGE, *SURFACE FINISHING, OPTICAL PROPERTIES, COST EFFECTIVENESS, MILITARY EQUIPMENT, THREE DIMENSIONAL, COUNTERMEASURES
Identifiers: (U) STTR(SMALL BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER), STTR REPORTS, STTR N03-T013 PHASE 1, APPLIQUE, CAMOUFLAGE, PAINT REPLACEMENTS, ITO TOPCOATS
Abstract: (U) The use of painted camouflage patterns on military hardware is a time-tested, cost-effective and practical countermeasure against human vision and aided vision target acquisition systems in many combat scenarios. However, the ability to integrate advanced patterns and optical effects is inherently limited by painting techniques. By contrast, advanced reel-to-reel film processing technologies yield very sophisticated film compositions, patterns and surface finishes not achievable by paint-based techniques. Currently the team of Integument Technologies, Inc., the Johns Hopkins Center for Multifunctional Applique, and OptiMetrics, Inc has been working on the development of peel and stick fluoropolymer-based appliques. Our assumption is that appliques may ultimately represent a paradigm shift in the way the military manages the interface between the equipment and its operating environment. Primarily, the focus of this project has been on new developments related to an advanced surface barrier protection peel and stick applique system designed to include three dimensional camouflage patterns infused directly into the applique.
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ADA423717
TOWARDS AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON FUTURE CONTEXTS
Personal Author(s): Dortmans, Peter J ;Curtis, Neville J
Report Date: Feb 2004 Media Count: 45 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY FORCES(FOREIGN), *MILITARY CAPABILITIES, *AUSTRALIA, *TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, MILITARY APPLICATIONS, MILITARY MODERNIZATION, ARMY PLANNING
Identifiers: (U) FOREIGN REPORTS, AQ F04-09-0984
Abstract: (U) This report provides a framework that supports the capture, classification and collation of technological trends and innovations from their earliest appearance right through to their impact on military thought, both directly, through military application, and indirectly, through impacts on the future context. The approach is centred on postulated effects-based technology concepts, determined through combinations of enabling technologies and designed against delivering required battlespace effects. Such a framework provides the capacity to identify incremental (evolutionary) trends and some truly revolutionary (disruptive) technologies that have the potential to substantially impact on future warfighting operations. It also discusses the roles of and relationships between the various participants in such a process.
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ADA422835
TRANSFORMATION AND TRANSITION: DARPA'S ROLE IN FOSTERING AN EMERGING REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS. VOLUME 2- DETAILED ASSESSMENTS
Personal Author(s): Van Atta, Richard H ;Cook, Alethia ;Gutmanis, Ivars ;Lippitz, Michael J ;Lupo, Jasper
Report Date: Nov 2003 Media Count: 230 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *DEFENSE PLANNING, MILITARY INTELLIGENCE, DEFENSE SYSTEMS, CASE STUDIES, MILITARY CAPABILITIES, MILITARY MODERNIZATION, TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
Identifiers: (U) *DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY, RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), INNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Abstract: (U) The Institute for Defense Analyses was tasked by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to assess the agency's role in effecting fundamental change in defense capabilities for the advantage of US military forces, focusing on what has been termed the post-Cold War "Revolution in Military Affairs" (RMA). The Overall Assessment from this task was documented in Transformation and Transition: DARPA s Role in Fostering An Enierging Revolution in Military Affairs, Volume I, dated April 2003. The overall assessment was derived from a set of detailed case studies of DARPA program areas that were identified as being major factors in the RMA. Volume II documents the individual case studies of the technology areas that were the basis of the overall assessment.
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ADA415933
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TEST MINING: DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY ROADMAPS
Personal Author(s): Kostoff, Ronald N ;Boylan, Robert ;Simons, Gene R
Report Date: 23 Jul 2003 Media Count: 37 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, *TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT, TEST AND EVALUATION, INDUSTRIES, RISK, MANAGEMENT, STRATEGIC ANALYSIS, PROBABILITY, COSTS, WORK, TRADE OFF ANALYSIS, MILITARY PLANNING
Identifiers: (U) DISTRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY
Abstract: (U) Disruptive technologies create growth in the industries they penetrate or create entirely new industries through the introduction of products and services that are dramatically cheaper, better, and more convenient. These disruptive technologies often disrupt workforce participation by allowing technologically unsophisticated individuals to enter and become competitive in the industrial workforce. Disruptive technologies offer a revolutionary change in the conduct of processes or operations. Disruptive technologies can evolve from the confluence of seemingly diverse technologies or can be a result of an entirely new technological investigation. Existing planning processes are notoriously poor in identifying the mix of sometimes highly disparate technologies required to address the multiple performance objectives of a particular niche in the market. For a number of reasons, especially the inability to look beyond short-term profitability, and the risk/ return tradeoff of longer-term projects, it is suggested that current strategic planning and management processes promote sustaining technologies at the expense of disruptive technologies. We propose a systematic approach to identify disruptive technologies that is realistic and operable and takes advantage of the text mining literature. This literature-based discovery process is especially useful in identifying potential disruptive technologies that may require the input from many diverse technological and management areas. We believe that this process holds great potential for identifying projects with a higher probability of downstream success. Further, we suggest a process to take the identified potential disruptive technology from the idea stage through the development of a potentially feasible product for the market.
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ADA416556
HIGH EFFICIENCY, SCALABLE PARALLEL PROCESSING
Report Date: 30 Jun 2003 Media Count: 82 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *PARALLEL PROCESSING, COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN, COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE, SCALING FACTOR, LIFE CYCLE COSTS
Abstract: (U) PSI's CAD approach to simulation/software development cuts large system life cycle costs by an order of magnitude. A visual representation of software architecture that provides a one-to-one mapping to the code, it's based upon separation data from instructions, affording separation of architecture from language, and providing ease of control and reuse of complex modules. This paradigm shift for software brakes barriers to building complex systems, makes significant upgrades easy, and cuts support costs dramatically, by achieving module independence through visually enforced architectural design rules. Its success has resulted in huge simuatlions that meet customer validity contraints but now exceed single processor computer power by one or two orders of magnitude. Hardware designers produce parallel computers with speeds into teraflop ranges. However, their practical use on all but very special problems has been extremely limited due to software implementation problems. This research is to confirm hypotheses that graphical design rules that achieve software understandability and module independence also support allocation of processes to parallel processors. Fusion of this technology with parallel processors can result in an order of magnitude of speed improvement, yet making development easier on parallel machines than single processor machines due to concurrent memory access and management.
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ADA415490
TRANSFORMATION AND TRANSITION: DARPA'S ROLE IN FOSTERING AN EMERGING REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS. VOLUME 1 - OVERALL ASSESSMENT
Personal Author(s): Van Atta, Richard H ; Lippitz, Michael J ; Lupo, Jasper C ; Mahoney, Rob; Nunn, Jack H
Report Date: Apr 2003 Media Count: 108 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *DEFENSE PLANNING, MILITARY INTELLIGENCE, MILITARY CAPABILITIES, MILITARY MODERNIZATION, RECONNAISSANCE, INFORMATION WARFARE, TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT, INFORMATION SURVEILLANCE
Identifiers: (U) DISRUPTIVE CAPABILITIES, RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), ISR(INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AND RECONNAISSANCE), DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY
Abstract: (U) During the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, DARPA managers supported the development and deployment of novel combinations of advanced technological systems and original operational concepts that "disrupted" existing methods of conventional warfare. These disruptive military technological systems and original operational concepts that "disrupted" existing methods of conventional warfare. These disruptive military capabilities helped the US Department of Defense (DoD) significantly enhance its conventional warfighting superiority by fostering a broad transformation commonly known as the "Revolution in Military Affairs" or RMA, which played to national technology strengths.
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ADA415711
TOWARDS A FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING INNOVATION IMPLEMENTATION IN THE AIR FORCE
Personal Author(s): Byrd, Howard E , Jr
Report Date: 25 Mar 2003 Media Count: 107 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *AIR FORCE PROCUREMENT, *TRANSFORMATIONS, AIR FORCE, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, COMPETITION, MANAGEMENT, THESES, CASE STUDIES, LOGISTICS
Identifiers: (U) INNOVATION, IMPLEMENTATION
Abstract: (U) Innovation is a major way organizations deal with changes in their competitive environment. The Department of Defense (DoD) too is facing incredible changes and challenges within its competitive environments. This situation is requiring the adopting and implementing of many new innovations in an effort to transform the forces to meet the challenges. A key component of the DoD's efforts to transform is in Air Force acquisition and sustainment processes. Digital technical orders are an example of such a sustainment process. The Air Force has mandated it will transform from a paper based technical data environment to a digital one. The success of the implementing such transformational innovations such as digital technical orders is critical to the Air Force's ability to support the overall DoD force transformation efforts. Despite the critical need for successful innovation implementation few studies are found exploring factors that facilitate innovation within DoD, or the Air Force.
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ADA422168
TRANSFORMING JOINT TEST AND EVALUATION MINDSETS AND PROCESSES: ACQUISITION II
Personal Author(s): Simpson, Brian A
Report Date: Jan 2003 Media Count: 14 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *TEST AND EVALUATION, *ACQUISITION, *TRANSFORMATIONS, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, GLOBAL, AIRCRAFT, DEFENSE SYSTEMS, COSTS, JOINT MILITARY ACTIVITIES, PROCUREMENT
Identifiers: (U) TRANSFORMATION
Abstract: (U) Over the past few decades, there have been numerous catchphrases describing visions for reform in the acquisition community. Commercial-off-the- Shelf Procurement; Cost as an Independent Variable, Situation-Based Acquisition, and Spiral Development are just a few. The latest such buzzword to hit the Department of Defense is Transformation. According to General Richard B. Myers, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, transformation deals more with mindsets and processes than technologies and hardware. Certainly there have been numerous celebrated transformational technologies over the years: the machine gun, the tank, and aircraft - especially stealth - are three prime examples. So how can we incorporate this latest buzzword into the acquisition world, and more specifically into test and evaluation? In this paper I'll offer some suggestions on how to apply transformation to test and evaluation mindsets and processes especially as they relate to the joint world. I'll tell some "test stories" about things I think need to be fixed based on my ten years as an F-16 test pilot. I'll also present some broader examples from the Department of Defense headlines to help support my points. Keep in mind that "the ultimate objective of the acquisition process IS to provide the best and most capable weapon systems to our operational forces." Although, the quote at the top of this page comes from the Blue Ribbon Defense Panel Report concluded over 30 years ago, unfortunately there is still some truth to it today. While we have an established Joint Test and Evaluation (JT&E) program, there are numerous intellectual and cultural obstacles that must be overcome in order to make it effective and efficient. But first a brief background on JT&E - is origin, set up, purpose, and current projects.
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ADA422599
THE SYSTEM KNOWLEDGE OFFICE: A TRANSFORMATION ENABLER: RESPONSE TO THE CHAIRMAN'S CHALLENGE
Personal Author(s): Cooling, Frank ; Bryant, Leroy; Leahy, Michael B , Jr
Caruso, Frank J, Jr
Report Date: Jan 2003 Media Count: 25 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *NATIONAL SECURITY, *LEADERSHIP, *SECURITY PERSONNEL, *NATIONAL DEFENSE, *KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, WARFARE, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, POLICIES, ORGANIZATIONS, CORES, COMMUNITIES, WEAPON SYSTEMS, INTEGRATION, UNIVERSITIES, BATTLES, SYNERGISM
Abstract: (U) Revolutionary leaps in battlespace capabilities are the direct result of successful military transformation. By definition, transformation requires mobilizing skills, people, programs, funding and policies. The four major elements that form the foundation of a successful transformation of any large organization are intellectual, cultural, technical and leadership. The Department of Defense (DoD), like most large complex organizations, struggles to embrace transformation. Disruptive weapon systems are the principal determinants for transformation. A disruptive weapon system is the synergistic integration of disruptive technologies with new operational concepts, doctrine, organizational structure, personnel policies, education and training. The fielding of these weapon systems shatter the national security community status quo and transform the art of war. Therefore, the transformation required to field disruptive systems faster, cheaper, and better is a critical element in the overall transformation of our national St security' forces for the 21st century. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) challenged the National Defense University to propose innovative solutions to a problem or impediment to adapting/transforming America's armed forces to meet the security demands of the 2 1" century. For two warriors who have fought the intellectual battles to field revolutionary capabilities, this was a welcome opportunity to identify problems inherent in the current DoD process for fielding disruptive weapon systems and recommend a new way forward. This paper starts with a brief background section. With the context defined, we transition into the core of the proposal by discussing the strategic challenges to transforming the processes which pull a disruptive weapon system out of science and technology through research and development into the system development process.
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ADA422387
THE LIMITS OF TRANSFORMATION: OFFICER ATTITUDES TOWARD THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
Personal Author(s): Mahnken, Thomas G; FitzSimonds, James R
Report Date: Jan 2003 Media Count: 134 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY OPERATIONS, *ATTITUDES(PSYCHOLOGY), *OFFICER PERSONNEL, JOINT MILITARY ACTIVITIES, MILITARY MODERNIZATION, MILITARY PLANNING, TRANSFORMATIONS
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) Over the past decade, a significant number of defense analysts, government officials, and military officers have argued that the growth and diffusion of stealth, precision, and information technology will drastically alter the character and conduct of future wars, yielding a revolution in military affairs (RMA). The idea that the emergence of new technology, combined with innovative operational concepts and organizations, would transform the conduct of war, first appeared in Soviet military writings in the late 1970s. It was, however, the seeming ease with which the U.S.-led coalition defeated Iraq during the 1991 Gulf War that led many observers in the United States and elsewhere to conclude that significant changes in the character of warfare were underway. Since the mid-1990s, exploiting the emerging RMA has been an explicit goal of the Defense Department. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff promulgated Joint Vision 2010 with great fanfare in 1996 as the "conceptual template" for how the armed forces would "leverage technological opportunities to achieve new levels of effectiveness in warfighting." Each of the services has devoted considerable attention to developing new technology as well as the concepts and organizations needed to employ it most effectively.
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ADA409702
REAL-TIME ASSET RESCHEDULING WITH EXECUTION MONITORING AND ACCURATE ASSET TRACKING
Personal Author(s): Smith, Douglas R; Fitzpatrick, Stephen; Westfold, Stephen J
Report Date: Nov 2002 Media Count: 50 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *COMPUTER PROGRAMS, *TRACKING, ALGORITHMS, MANAGEMENT, MONITORING, REAL TIME, SPECIFICATIONS, SYNTHESIS, IDENTIFICATION, SUPPLY DEPOTS, SCHEDULING, AMMUNITION, AUTOMATIC
Abstract: (U) Through the use of software transformational synthesis technology, synthesize rescheduling algorithms that reschedule transportation assets using data from automatic identification technology and asset tracking hardware and software. Kestrel brought to bear its software synthesis technology which allows for the generation of correct-by-construction, high performance schedulers from formal specifications of the problem they are intended to solve. Savi Technology brought to bear its expertise in automatic identification technology and asset tracking hardware and software systems. In this effort Kestrel and Savi co-developed scheduler for Yard Management Systems based on data from the Army's Crane Ammunition Depot.
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ADA442424
TWO VIEWS OF THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
Personal Author(s): Tubbs, James O
Report Date: 22 Apr 2002 Media Count: 13 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *COMPARISON, *MILITARY MODERNIZATION, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), WARFARE, TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT, TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, OPERATIONAL READINESS
Identifiers: (U) *RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), MILITARY TRANSFORMATION, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Abstract: (U) Under the Bush administration, the Department of Defense has adopted military transformation as a key element of the Defense Strategy. Deputy Secretary of Defense Wolfowitz recently remarked that DoD planned to invest over $136 billion over the next five years in transformational technologies. However, not everyone agrees that we are really in the midst of a technology driven revolution in military affairs (RMA) that requires this type of investment. Two books published in 2000 present opposite views on this key issue. Admiral Bill Owens argues in his book Lifting the Fog of War that technology presents an unequivocal opportunity to transform the U.S. military into an information based force, and that such a transformation is essential to U.S. national security. On the other hand, Michael O'Hanlon argues in his book Technological Change and the Future of Warfare that the likelihood of a short-term revolution in military affairs is less than most advocates believe, and that technology is not likely to transform warfare to the extent many argue. While both authors make strong arguments, neither is totally convincing. Synthesizing the strongest elements of the two suggest that DoD is generally on the right track. However, the key to success will lie less in smart investments in technology than in the ability of DOD to develop innovative warfighting concepts that fully exploit asymmetries in information technology across the spectrum of conflict.
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ADA422417
CROSSBOW EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Personal Author(s): Muldoon, Richard
Report Date: Mar 2002 Media Count: 18 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, *NAVAL OPERATIONS, GUIDED MISSILES, COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS, SHIPS, INTEGRATED SYSTEMS, POLICIES, STUDENTS, THESES, AERONAUTICS, AERIAL WARFARE, UNMANNED, MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT, TARGET DETECTION, LITTORAL ZONES, LOGISTICS PLANNING, SMALL SHIPS, BOMBER AIRCRAFT
Identifiers: (U) *PROJECT CROSSBOW, SEI(SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND INTEGRATION), TSSE(TOTAL SHIP SYSTEMS ENGINEERING), SEA ARROW AIRCRAFT, DISTRIBUTED FORCES, LITTORAL COMBAT, NAVAL TRANSFORMATION, UNMANNED AIR VEHICLES
Abstract: (U) Distributing naval combat power into many small ships and unmanned air vehicles that capitalize on emerging technology offers a transformational way to think about naval combat in the littorals in the 2020 timeframe. Project CROSSBOW is an engineered system of systems that proposes to use such distributed forces to provide forward presence, to gain and maintain access, to provide sea control, and to project combat power in the littoral regions of the world. Project CROSSBOW is the result of a yearlong, campus-wide, integrated research systems engineering effort involving 40 student researchers and 15 supervising faculty members. This report (Volume 1) summaries the CROSSBOW project. It catalogs the major features of each of the components, and includes by reference a separate volume for each of the major systems (ships, aircraft, and logistics). It also presents the results of the mission and campaign analyses that informed the trade offs between these components. It describes certain functions of CROSSBOW in detil through specialized supporting studies. The student work presnted here is technologically feasible, integrated, and imaginative. This student project cannot by itslef provide definitive designs for analyses covering such a broad topic. It does strongly suggest that the underlying concepts have merit and deserve further serious study by the Navy as it transforms itself.
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ADA442428
THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS: MANDATE FOR CHANGE OR RECIPE FOR DISASTER?
Personal Author(s): Stolsig, Tim J
Report Date: Jan 2002 Media Count: 12 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *COMPARISON, *MILITARY MODERNIZATION, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT, ORGANIZATIONAL REALIGNMENT, MILITARY CAPABILITIES, WARFARE
Identifiers: (U) *RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) What is the correct development path for the future United States military? Is it huge investments or draconian cuts? Moderate organizational improvements or wholesale restructure? There are at least as many views as there are political leaders, and when our brightest minds disagree, what course do we take? Who's opinion do we adopt as the right one? Many historians will look back at Napoleon and marvel at his genius. But was it genius, or did he simply choose a strategy that fit his capabilities and practice, and then work hard to make it successful? Consider the very first time he concentrated his canon fire on that central point in his enemy's line and then surged through the breach. If his opponent had sufficient strength to close around Napoleon's forces and crush them, would we be reading about him today? Perhaps not. Two well-respected strategic thinkers of our time are Michael O'Hanlon and Admiral Bill Owens, one a respected academic, and the other a respected military leader. Both offer opinions on the concept and promise of a Revolution in Military Affairs, and the potential it holds for our future military.
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ADA412643
ADAPTING FUTURE WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
Report Date: Jan 2002 Media Count: 95 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, *RADIOTELEPHONES, COMMERCE, MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND CONTROL, DATA MANAGEMENT, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INTERFACES, VULNERABILITY, WAVEFORMS, ARMY EQUIPMENT, SPECTRA, ACCESS, DRONES, TACTICAL DATA SYSTEMS, VOICE COMMUNICATIONS, INFRASTRUCTURE
Abstract: (U) The Army Science Board Panel focused on: (I) Identifying and assessing wireless technologies that may enhance and support the features required to ensure tactical information dominance; (2) Addressing the role of information management in sizing system capacity and issues such as quality of service; (3) Evaluating the degree of enhancement that could be offered by commercial technologies in each of the layers in the 3-D architecture (terrestrial, A/B, space) to achieve connectivity; (4) Addressing vulnerabilities and methods to counter use by adversaries. (5) Addressing issues posed by legacy systems. (6) Addressing joint and coalition issues. The Panel's overarching recommendations include investing more in wireless infrastructure based on commercial advances, focusing management attention on communications UAVs and payloads, developing systems capable of multiple air interfaces with access to multiple bands, establishing an Army process for systematically evaluating new, disruptive technologies & integrating them into the GIG, and treating Army wireless systems in a merged context of "Network Operations" comprising converged voice and data. The Panel also recommends that JTRS should be directed toward incorporating future commercial waveforms, and that the spectrum management business model should be reengineered to support flexible, shared access to spectrum.
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ADA422295
CROSSBOW. VOLUME 1
Personal Author(s): Muldoon, Richard C; Bauer, David; Carroll, Steven B ; Quast, Glen B ;Lantier, Lance
Report Date: Dec 2001 Media Count: 143 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, *NAVAL WARFARE, FORWARD AREAS, NAVAL VESSELS, HELICOPTERS, THREAT EVALUATION, DRONES, LITTORAL ZONES
Identifiers: (U) PROJECT CROSSBOW
Abstract: U) Distributing naval combat power into many small ships and unmanned air vehicles that capitalize on emerging technology offers a transformational way to think about naval combat in the littorals in the 2020 timeframe Project CROSSBOW is an engineered system of systems that proposes to use such distributed forces to provide forward presence, to gain and maintain access, to provide sea control, and to project combat power in the littoral regions of the world, Project CROSSBOW is the result of a yearlong, campus-wide, integrated research systems engineering effort involving 40 student researchers and 15 supervising faculty members This report (Volume I) summarizes the CROSSBOW project It catalogs the major features of each of the components, and includes by reference a separate volume for each of the major systems (ships, aircraft, and logistics), It also presents the results of the mission and campaign analyses that informed the trade-offs between these components It describes certain functions of CROSSBOW in detail through specialized supporting studies, The student work presented here is technologically feasible, integrated, and imaginative This student project cannot by itself provide definitive designs or analyses covering such a broad topic, It does strongly suggest that the underlying concepts have merit and deserve further serious study by the Navy as it transforms itself.
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ADA407607
THE LONG SEARCH FOR A SURGICAL STRIKE: PRECISION MUNITIONS AND THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
Personal Author(s): Mets, David R
Report Date: Oct 2001 Media Count: 94 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *AIR POWER, *STRIKE WARFARE, TEST AND EVALUATION, WEAPONS, WARFARE, AIR FORCE, MILITARY DOCTRINE, THEORY, AIRBORNE, ACCURACY, PRECISION, AMMUNITION, BOMBING, SECOND WORLD WAR
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) This research paper explores the relationship between the advancement in conventional weapons guidance technology and the "revolution in military affairs" (RMA) said to be afoot. It also explores whether the improvement in conventional air weapons accuracy since World War II is the foundation, the main pillar, one of the principal supports, or is irrelevant to the RMA. Clearly, the air theorists of the 1920s were fully persuaded that indeed a revolution was afoot. Equally clear, the visions of Guilio Douhet, William "Billy" Mitchell, and the Air Corps Tactical School (ACTS) were no more than partially fulfilled in World War II. This research paper explores the degree to which the shortcomings of aerial weapons were responsible for the denial of their visions and the degree to which those inadequacies were overcome in the conflicts that followed. It closes with an estimate as to whether those dreams of a revolution are about to be fulfilled. Bernard Brodie concluded that World War II had been as complete a test of the theories as Douhet could have desired. Yet, the argument goes on as to the effectiveness of the bombing campaigns of that conflict. Consequently, none of the subsequent air wars has approached the completeness of the tests over Japan and Germany in the 1940s. Therefore, the concluding estimate cannot be much more than a guess.
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ADA398341
TARGETING OF ONCOGENIC PROTEINS FOR INTRACELLULAR DEGRADATION
Personal Author(s): Byers, Stephen
Report Date: Jul 2001 Media Count: 17 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *PROTEINS, *ONCOGENIC VIRUSES, *BREAST CANCER, DEPLETION, DEGRADATION, MOLECULES, PEPTIDES, ENZYMES, NEOPLASMS, CYTOPLASM, GENES, CELLS(BIOLOGY), GENETICS, SUPPRESSORS
Identifiers: (U) BETA-CATENIN
Abstract: (U) Selective depletion of intracellular oncogenic proteins is a potentially powerful tool for the treatment of breast cancer. This is usually achieved by genetic manipulation of the target gene using procedures such as gene disruption, antisense or ribozyme technologies. We now propose an alternative approach in which an oncogenic protein is specifically targeted for intracellular degradation. In order to do this we will take advantage of the permeability properties of the third helix of the antennapedia protein. This will be used to deliver a small trifunctional peptide consisting of a target protein binding peptide and a peptide designed to interact with the E2 class of ubiquitin conjugating enzymes. In this way the ubiquitin-conjugating machinery will be selectively recruited to the target protein which should then be degraded by the proteosome. We will use the cytoplasmic signaling molecule beta-catenin as a model system since its oncogenic activity is thought to be regulated at the level of protein stability and we have established that it is normally targeted for ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. Mutations of beta-catenin which increase its protein stability are oncogenic. The beta-catenin binding peptide will be based on the region of the tumor suppressor protein APC which constitutively binds beta-catenin.
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ADA394667
TECHNOLOGY PARADIGM SHIFTS COMMERCIAL SURVIVAL LESSONS
Personal Author(s): Brown, Don
Report Date: 15 May 2001 Media Count: 19 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *ACQUISITION, *LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT, *TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION, MANUFACTURING, DATA MANAGEMENT, COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN, STANDARDIZATION, LIFE CYCLE COSTS, DESIGN CRITERIA, FRONT END PROCESSORS, PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Identifiers: (U) VIEWGRAPHS ONLY, SBA(SIMULATION BASED ACQUISITION), DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, MDO(MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION), FRONT END LOADING, SLIDES
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ADA389516
AN EXAMINATION OF THE JOINT DIRECT ATTACK MUNITIONS (JDAM) IN THE CONTEXT OF NETWORK-CENTRIC WARFARE (NCW): ENORMOUS POTENTIAL AND ALARMING PITFALLS
Personal Author(s): Larratt, Douglas M
Report Date: 05 Feb 2001 Media Count: 28 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *INFORMATION WARFARE, OPTIMIZATION, LESSONS LEARNED, VALIDATION, ATTACK, OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS, IDENTIFICATION, AIR TO SURFACE, AMMUNITION, EVOLUTION(GENERAL), WATCH(DUTY)
Identifiers: (U) JDAM(JOINT DIRECT ATTACK MUNITION), *NETWORK CENTRIC WARFARE, RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), OPERATION LLIED FORCE, OPERATION SOUTHERN WATCH, JOINT VISION 2020
Abstract: (U) Hailed by its proponents as a Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA), Network-Centric Warfare (NOW) is still a broadly defined evolutionary concept. However, enabled by vast leaps in Information Technology, the network-centric transformation is already happening today and lessons are being learned. Promising new hardware systems, dependent on a network of other systems for function, have been introduced. The Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM), having recently completed operational evaluation and been employed in Operations ALLIED FORCE and SOUTHERN WATCH, is one of these new systems. By examining JDAM in the context of Network-Centric Warfare concepts, three results are achieved: * Optimization of the JDAM system; * Validation (or non-validation) of the Network-Centric Warfare concept; * Identification of potential pitfalls in the Network-Centric Warfare concept. JDAM holds enormous potential in the Joint Vision 2020 operational concept of Precision Engagement. Conversely, JDAM's shortcomings, although in the process of being remedied, identify some alarming pitfalls in the transformation to network-centric operations and hold some important lessons for the modern warfighter implementing this revolutionary concept.
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ADA394375
A PARADIGM FOR THE U.S. ARMY TRANSFORMATION
Personal Author(s): Sikorsky, Van R
Report Date: 01 Feb 2001 Media Count: 56 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY OPERATIONS, *EUROPE, *MILITARY HISTORY, *ARMY, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), BATTLEFIELDS, ARMY OPERATIONS, TRANSFORMATIONS
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) This monograph analyzes the Revolution in Military Affairs of early modern Europe to develop a paradigm for the current posited RMA and for the U.S. Army Transformation. Michael Roberts introduced the concept of a "military revolution" during a lecture presented at the Queen's University of Belfast in 1955. The lecture entitled "The Military Revolution 1560-1660", influenced numerous scholars and was the genesis of a large body of work on the subject. Exploitation of these works can potentially lead to a better understanding of military revolutions in general, the posited current military revolution and the U.S. Army Transformation. The militaries of early modern Europe passed through the crucible of transformation during the RMA of early modern Europe. The United States Army is currently undergoing a transformation as it incorporates digital technology into its arsenal. The United States Army is moving from its current force structure, known as the Legacy Force, to an Objective Force in which all divisions share a common design and possess similar C4ISR capabilities, logistical capabilities, and a common suite of vehicles. The paradigm developed in the monograph will determine whether there is an ongoing RMA and then whether that same paradigm is illustrative and appropriate for the U.S. Army Transformation. First, the monograph establishes workable definitions for an RMA and a paradigm. The monograph then assesses the notable works of scholars who studied the RMA of early modern Europe. This assessment will establish a framework with which to evaluate that early RMA and will lay the groundwork for establishing a paradigm. The actual battlefield events which occurred during the RMA of early modern Europe are then analyzed and a five part paradigm developed.
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ADA387397
JAVELIN; THE POTENTIAL BEGINNING OF A NEW ERA IN LAND WARFARE
Personal Author(s): Sullivan, Dennis S
Report Date: 01 Feb 2001 Media Count: 64 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *ANTITANK WEAPONS, LAND WARFARE, BATTALION LEVEL ORGANIZATIONS, INFANTRY, ANTIARMOR AMMUNITION, WEAPON SYSTEMS, FIRING TESTS(ORDNANCE), DIVISION LEVEL ORGANIZATIONS, KOREA, MILITARY TACTICS, ANTITANK MISSILES
Identifiers: (U) JAVELIN ANTITANK WEAPON SYSTEM, MONOGRAPH, RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) The US Army has completed fielding of the Javelin Antitank Weapon System to Infantry Battalions in the 75th Ranger Regiment and the 82nd Airborne Division. In the year 2000, the fielding team is issuing the Javelin to the Second Infantry Division in Korea. Thus far, results from the soldiers and leaders indicate that the fire and forget Javelin is largely accepted as a dramatic improvement over its wire-guided predecessor the Dragon. During numerous fielding tests, live fire tests, and force on force tests at the National Training Center, technological and tactical experts have closely monitored the performance of the Javelin. The capabilities and potential impact of this new weapon system obligates the U.S. Army to examine how it intends to integrate the Javelin system into all warfighting domains. This monograph answers the question whether the introduction of the Javelin into the U.S. Army's Light Infantry Battalions marks the beginning of a revolution in ground antiarmor warfare. This monograph begins with a comparison of the Javelin to the Dragon to demonstrate the significant increase in capabilities. The monograph establishes clear criteria for distinguishing a military revolution from an evolution and establishes the Javelin s link to the U.S. military s present Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). The Infantry Revolution of the 1300s is examined as an example of a military revolution and antitank guided missile (ATGM) use during the Arab-Israeli War of 1973 is examined as an example of a military evolution. The monograph studies U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps relevant doctrinal manuals and text to determine if the introduction of the Javelin has caused any changes in the antiarmor tactics. The review will assess the progress and quality of incorporating Javelin tactics into doctrinal publications and demonstrate that much progress is still needed in developing new tactics for employing Javelin equipped units in both offensive and defensive scenarios. c
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ADA388509
DIGITIZATION AND THE COMMANDER: PLANNING AND EXECUTING MILITARY OPERATIONS
Personal Author(s): LaFace, Jeffrey L
Report Date: 01 Feb 2001 Media Count: 54 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY OPERATIONS, *MILITARY COMMANDERS, *MILITARY PLANNING, DIGITAL SYSTEMS, DECISION MAKING, BATTLEFIELDS
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) Since the development of Industrial Age armies, the battlefield has increased in complexity and uncertainty. This is the result of tactical units dispersing on the battlefield for protection from increased weapon lethality and the need to sustain and maintain increasingly sophisticated and capable tactical units. Beginning in the early 1990s, the U.S. Army began a Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) to integrate information technology into tactical units. The RMA integrates information technology (computer and communications) developed by the civilian sector to assist the tactical commander in his ability to command and control subordinate units in combat. The purpose of digitization is to use a technological method to maintain the Army s asymmetric advantage in command and control over other armies. This monograph asks the question: Can communication, automation and information technology (digitization) reduce the complexity and uncertainty for the commander and will it support his future decision-making? The monograph looks at technology as a reoccurring method used by military organizations to assist the commander in making timely decisions on the battlefield. The use of computers and communication networks to establish an information system (C4ISR) links the sensor to the decision-maker to the executor to make tactical units more efficient and effective on the battlefield. This monograph shows merit in the digitization of tactical units to reduce complexity and uncertainty in planning and executing tactical missions. The digital systems provide the commander, his subordinate commanders and staff the data and information to plan and execute in a more certain environment. The system providing the information allows the commander and his subordinates to concentrate on the analysis of the information instead of searching for data and displaying
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ADA387116
TWO-WAY STREET OR TWO-WAY MIRROR? WILL CANADA'S FUTURE ARMY BE ABLE TO INTEROPERATE WITH THE UNITED STATES' ARMY AFTER NEXT AT THE OPERATIONAL AND TACTICAL LEVEL OF WAR?
Personal Author(s): Claggett, Charles D
Report Date: 01 Jan 2001 Media Count: 46 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY OPERATIONS, *MILITARY PLANNING, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), MILITARY REQUIREMENTS, DATA MANAGEMENT, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, MILITARY FORCES(FOREIGN), MILITARY DOCTRINE, POLITICAL ALLIANCES, CANADA, JOINT MILITARY ACTIVITIES, NATIONAL DEFENSE
Identifiers: (U) MULTINATIONAL OPERATIONS, RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), MONOGRAPH
Abstract: (U) Multinational operations have been the norm in warfare and information management between multinational forces has long been an issue within alliances and in coalition warfare. The ongoing Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) in information technology (IT) and management (IM) has increased the level of difficulty associated with multinational information interoperability. Canada's Future Army (CFA) and the US Army s Objective Force (AAN) places a priority on information as a critical requirement for future missions. This is inherent in Canadian and US Army Doctrine manuals, Strategic Visions, and Future Army capability requirements. Canada recognizes that it will not be able to possess all the operational and strategic ISR resources needed to ensure information superiority to properly support operational battle command. To compensate for this disparity, the Department of National Defense envisions a closer military link to U.S. Forces to allow access to high-end ISR assets. As the US Army continues to move ahead along this technological azimuth, OPSEC concerns over a technological gap between US and other military has caused IM to become dysfunctional. This was the case in Kosovo and unless IM protocols are adjusted, the potential technological gap will not allow the AAN and CFA to share in the common operational picture that will be critical for future operations.
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ADA387371
LETHAL AND NON-LETHAL EFFECTS: THE NEED FOR REORGANIZATION TO HARNESS THE POWER OF THE REVOLUTION
Personal Author(s): Swinsburg, Philip R
Report Date: 01 Jan 2001 Media Count: 71 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY OPERATIONS, *MILITARY PLANNING, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, MILITARY FORCES(FOREIGN), TASK FORCES, MILITARY MODERNIZATION, MILITARY FORCE LEVELS, AUSTRALIA, FIRE SUPPORT, MILITARY TACTICS
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), ADF(AUSTRALIAN DEFENSE FORCES), MONOGRAPH
Abstract: (U) This monograph examines the organization of the Australian Defense Forces (ADF) present fire support systems at Brigade and Division/Joint Task Force HQ Levels, in an attempt to explore whether a revolutionary outcome can be made through the reorganization of the present structures. Organization change by itself is insufficient to bring about a revolutionary change like those expected from the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). There is little proof currently to suggest that the RMA has actually delivered any substantial discontinuous change to the way militaries conduct planning or operations. The RMA consist of a number of components, only one of these components is organization reform. This monograph explores the notion that the RMA is occurring now and will be realized through the adoption of organization reform, combined with the other components of the RMA, resulting in a discontinuous change in military affairs at the Brigade and Divisional / Joint Task Force Level. The monograph proposes the integration of targeting and information operations (IO) functions of the Brigade and Division/Joint Task Force HQ s, through the formation of an effects coordination center, to harness the technological improvement in C4ISR as well as precision munitions, to fully synchronize lethal and non-lethal effects. This reorganization is expected to achieve an increased staff efficiency, increased situational awareness and focus the effects management and information collection systems to achieve the commanders objectives. This linking of technological improvements and organizational changes will facilitate the enhancement to doctrine and provide the ADF with significant tactical and operational advantages throughout the entire spectrum of conflict, by the enhancement to the decision action cycle.
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ADA425528
WAR AS WE KNEW IT: THE REAL REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS/UNDERSTANDING PARALYSIS IN MILITARY OPERATIONS
Personal Author(s): Breemer, Jan S
Report Date: Dec 2000 Media Count: 39 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *WARFARE, *MILITARY STRATEGY, *DESTRUCTION, *TRANSFORMATIONS, *PARALYSIS, *LIMITED WARFARE, NUCLEAR WEAPONS, MOBILITY, MILITARY HISTORY, ATTRITION, ACCURACY, PRECISION, COLD WAR, CASUALTIES, MILITARY MODERNIZATION, MILITARY ART, FIRST WORLD WAR, SECOND WORLD WAR, NONLETHAL WEAPONS
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), *PARALYSIS BASED WARFARE, *DESTRUCTION BASED WARFARE, FUTURE WARS, FUTURE WARFARE, MANEUVER WARFARE, DOMINANT MANEUVER, PRECISION ENGAGEMENT, FULL-DIMENSIONAL PROTECTION, FOCUSED LOGISTICS, CASUALTY MINIMIZATION, CARL VON CLAUSEWITZ, MARTIN VAN CREVELD, NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, FRENCH REVOLUTION, NAPOLEONIC WARS, INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, TRINITARIAN WAR, PRECISION WEAPONS
Abstract: (U) This paper is an exploration of the nature of war in the future. In particular, it explores the symptoms of what appears to be a transition, in thought and practice, from a way of warfare that is centered on the notion of destruction to one that has paralysis as its center of gravity. The idea that future war will be "paralysis-based" provides a framework for discerning, interpreting, and organizing a collection of seemingly disconnected phenomena. It is not an argument for a kinder and gentler way of war per se. There has been a great deal of discussion inside and outside Washington, DC in recent years about the emergence of a so-called Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). This transition will not be the product of a deliberate design for a RMA design, but will instead be the outcome of a confluence of seemingly disparate societal, technological, and intellectual transitions, of which the RMA is merely one symptom. This is not new. The prevailing destruction-based model of war did not become fully mature until the eve of World War I, when a series of developments converged. This convergence included the intellectualization of war as a destructive process by Carl von Clausewitz; the Industrial Revolution; the expansion of popular participatory government; the growth of rampant nationalism and attendant cultivation of hatred of outsiders; and the popularity of the social-darwinistic conception of war as a societal re-juvenating necessity. This essay discusses the Clausewitzian roots of the modern destruction-based model of warfare, how the Industrial Revolution enabled the idea of war to be turned into the material reality of two world wars, the effect of nuclear weapons on conventional military thought, how the professional military and civilian defense intelligentsia came to grips with the nuclear anomaly, and how the end of the Cold War has led to a security environment whose characteristics are at odds with the destruction-based model.
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ADA417705
RAPID-PROTOTYPING OF APPLICATION SPECIFIC SIGNAL PROCESSORS (RASSP) EDUCATION AND FACILITATION
Personal Author(s): Gadient, Anthony ; Richards, Mark A ;Frank, Geoffrey A
Report Date: Dec 2000 Media Count: 287 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *SIGNAL PROCESSING, DIGITAL SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, STATE OF THE ART, PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS, PROCESSING EQUIPMENT, EMBEDDING, LIFE CYCLE COSTS, LIFE CYCLES, FIELD EQUIPMENT, EXECUTIVE ROUTINES
Identifiers: (U) RASSP(RAPID PROTOTYPING OF APPLICATION SPECIFIC SIGNAL PROCESSORS), PE63739E, WUAFRLA2680211
Abstract: (U) The Rapid-Prototyping of Application Specific Signal Processors (RASSP) program was a major DARPA/Tri-Service initiative to reinvent the process by which embedded digital signal processors were developed. The goal of the DARPA/Tri-service RASSP program was to dramatically improve the design process for complex digital systems, particularly embedded signal processors. A key objective was to reduce the total product development time by at least a factor of four while making similar improvements in product quality and life cycle cost. Also important was the ability to field state-of-the-art equipment at system build time and to rapidly upgrade the system throughout its life cycle. The RASSP Education and Facilitation (E&F) program was an unprecedented program set up to disseminate the information developed by 24 other RASSP programs to enable a paradigm shift in the way signal processors were designed. The RASSP E&F program is made up of four distinct functions: education, information server, interface, and transition. Major accomplishments include the establishment and maintenance of a web server, the publication of the "RASSP Digest", development of educational and training materials, and technology transfer including executive seminars, workshops, RASSP Course Modules, and IEEE publication of two RASSP CD-ROMs. The second edition of the RASSP CD-ROM presents the essence of the knowledge from the entire RASSP program. The web server has been relocated but is still operational.
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ADA386498
TARGETING OF ONCONGENIC PROTEINS FOR INTRACELLULAR DEGRADATION
Personal Author(s): Byers, Stephen
Report Date: Jul 2000 Media Count: 39 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *PROTEINS, *CELLS(BIOLOGY), *ONCOGENIC VIRUSES, *BREAST CANCER, DEPLETION, STABILITY, PERMEABILITY, DEGRADATION, MOLECULES, PEPTIDES, NEOPLASMS, TARGETS, CYTOPLASM, GENES, GENETICS, SUPPRESSORS
Identifiers: (U) BETA-CATENIN
Abstract: (U) Selective depletion of intracellular oncogenic proteins is a potentially powerful tool for the treatment of breast cancer. This is usually achieved by genetic manipulation of the target gene using procedures such as gene disruption, antisense or ribozyme technologies. We now propose an alternative approach in which an oncogenic protein is specifically targeted for intracellular degradation. In order to do this we will take advantage of the permeability properties of the third helix of the antennapedia protein. This will be used to deliver a small trifunctional peptide consisting of a target protein binding peptide and a peptide designed to interact with the E2 class of ubiquitin conjugating enzymes. In this way the ubiquitin-conjugating machinery will be selectively recruited to the target protein which should then be degraded by the proteosome. We will use the cytoplasmic signaling molecule (3-catenin as a model system since its oncogenic activity is thought to be regulated at the level of protein stability and we have established that it is normally targeted for ubiquitination and proteosomal degradation. Mutations of Beta-catenin which increase its protein stability are oncogenic. The Beta-catenin binding peptide will be based on the region of the tumor suppressor protein APC which constitutively binds Beta-catenin.
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ADA381262
STRUCTURED MANAGERIAL APPROACH TO DECISION PROCESSES SHAPING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN NON-IT ORGANIZATIONS
Personal Author(s): Ana, Gabriel V
Report Date: Jun 2000 Media Count: 196 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND CONTROL, *DECISION MAKING, *INFORMATION SYSTEMS, ORGANIZATIONS, THESES, INTERNET
Identifiers: (U) *INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Abstract: (U) This thesis purpose is to address the inter-disciplinary area of managerial decisions concerning IT structures in non-IT organizations. it is neither intended as a review of general managerial theory, nor aimed at the technical aspects involved. It rather approaches the IT support implementation and revising from a practical managerial perspective, attempting to systematize and streamline the decision-making process. Both managerial theory and technological dimension are considered equally important, but called upon only when and at the necessary extent they are required to lay the basis for making decisions. Between the large knowledge base in the managerial field on one hand, and the newer but dynamic IT-related sciences on the other, there is a gray area avoided by both management scholars and computer scientists. The first group sees IT as merely a tool, without accepting they have to deal with the transformational effect of technological developments. It is characteristic for the exponents of this school to label IT people as "technical" and to discount the specific impact of this particular technology on organizations. The second group, in a continual effort to keep up with the technological boom, is drifting away from the social and organizational issues of IT to focus on the technical side, without acknowledging other managerial dimensions than the one centered on the IT structures as its object. Both sides tend to focus research in their respective areas, leaving managers of non-IT organizations with an inadequate choice between the two approaches. This thesis is aimed towards bridging the resulting inter-disciplinary gap with a flowchart model for the decision process in the analyzed area, using as modules applicable techniques and methods from both managerial and computer science fields, presented in practical operational form.
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ADA380132
KNOWLEDGE WARRIOR FOR THE 21ST CENTURY. CATALYSTS FOR CULTURAL CHANGE
Personal Author(s): Johns, Sonja; Shalak, Michael ; Luoma, Marc ; Fore, Donna
Report Date: 11 May 2000 Media Count: 93 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS, *INFORMATION EXCHANGE, *KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, *COMBAT FORCES, *BATTLE MANAGEMENT, MILITARY OPERATIONS, SKILLS, PROBLEM SOLVING, MILITARY TRAINING, DECISION AIDS
Identifiers: (U) JV2010(JOINT VISION 2010), NCW(NETWORK CENTRIC WARFARE), *KW(KNOWLEDGE WARRIOR), KM(KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT)
Abstract: (U) The Knowledge Warrior (KW) concept is based upon sound Knowledge Management (KM) practices. Our proposed KW would bridge the gap that currently exists between information providers and military decision-makers. We believe KWs will become an ever- growing aspect of military operations and that KM will ultimately become the key skill of its practitioners. Our concept of KW sees the quest for knowledge as a continuous process whereby information is analyzed, synthesized and applied as a force multiplier. It transcends the boundaries of intelligence, operations, strategy, and communications. The KW will afford his commander a unique lens through which to view battlefield conditions and situations, as well as probe the future. People are the linchpins of the KW program. We recommend that the services undertake efforts to recruit individuals with the aptitude and talent required to function in the KW capacity. Our KW concept represents a disruptive technology in many respects. However, we believe that this knowledge-based discipline will serve as a catalyst for our armed forces' transformation in the new millennium.
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ADA395318
SWORDS INTO STILETTOS: THE BATTLE BETWEEN HEDGERS AND TRANSFORMERS FOR THE SOUL OF DOD
Personal Author(s): Wolborsky, Stephen L
Report Date: 14 Apr 2000 Media Count: 92 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), *MILITARY MODERNIZATION, *DEFENSE PLANNING, FOREIGN POLICY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, MILITARY DOCTRINE, CONFLICT, NATIONAL DEFENSE
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) This paper argues that the U.S. defense establishment, despite an inherent American affinity for technology, and powerful RMA advocates inside DoD, has by and large rejected radical transformation. More significantly, given an uncertain strategic forecast, I maintain the U.S. should not move to transform its military radically. I say "should not move to" instead of "should not" to avoid being categorical. Thus, I leave the door open for radical transformation at some point if the future situation dictates. However, it is not the case now.
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ADA380731
AN OBJECT-ORIENTED REPOSITORY-BASED SOFTWARE SYNTHESIS SYSTEM
Personal Author(s): Cornn, Gary L , Jr
Report Date: Mar 2000 Media Count: 152 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, *DATA MANAGEMENT, *SYNTHESIS, *MODEL THEORY, *OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING, DATA BASES, REQUIREMENTS, AIR FORCE, AUTOMATION, THESES, REUSABLE EQUIPMENT
Identifiers: (U) *SOFTWARE SYNTHESIS, KBSE(KNOWLEDGE BASED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING), OODBMS(OBJECT ORIENTED DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM), AWSOME(AFIT WIDE SPECTRUM MODELING ENVIRONMENT), DOMAIN THEORY, REPOSITORY SYSTEM, REUSABILITY, TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM, DATA MODELING
Abstract: (U) This research provides a repository on which various Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) transformational software synthesis tools can store, share, and manage data using a common repository information model. This information model was created by integrating a variety of separately developed AFIT software synthesis object models into a "wide-spectrum" model. Additionally, a methodology for describing complex relationships between artifacts in the repository is described. These relationships can be used to relate software synthesis artifacts created in a variety of formats, including text, binary, and the AFIT Wide-Spectrum Object Modeling Environment (AWSOME) information model. The relationships can be exploited for the retrieval, understanding, and selection of reusable software engineering artifacts. Finally, a methodology that uses the repository relationships to generate a history of the semi-automatically generated designs is described. Future efforts can use the design history to re-create designs automatically when new requirements dictate changes to a related analysis model.
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ADA381810
INTEL XXI AND THE MANEUVER COMMANDER - REDEFINING EXECUTION OF TACTICAL MILITARY INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS
Personal Author(s): Kardos, Thomas J
Report Date: Jan 2000 Media Count: 67 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *ARMY OPERATIONS, *ARMY INTELLIGENCE, MILITARY HISTORY, COMBAT SUPPORT, COLD WAR, ARMY, MILITARY COMMANDERS, ARMY PLANNING, TACTICAL INTELLIGENCE
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) The military's response to changes within the world political and technological environment has been termed a Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). This monograph summarizes the effects that these changes will have on intelligence operations at the tactical level, or more specifically, the interaction between the tactical commander and the intelligence system which supports him. Though the definition of RMA varies from source to source, it can be distilled to the cumulative effects brought about by the progress of technology, doctrine, organization, and behavior. Recognition that the military is amidst the throes of a Revolution in Military Affairs is not sufficient to produce necessary and meaningful change. A strategy is needed in order to chart the Army's course for the near future and beyond. This concept is formulated in Army programs and has come to be known as "Force XXI". Concurrently, the Military Intelligence community is drafting its own, complementary program: "Intelligence XXI" - "INTEL XXI".
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ADA426673
THE PEOPLE'S LIBERATION ARMY LOOKS TO THE FUTURE
Personal Author(s): Hawkins, Charles F
Report Date: Jan 2000 Media Count: 6 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY FORCES(FOREIGN), *MILITARY DOCTRINE, *MILITARY CAPABILITIES, *MILITARY MODERNIZATION, *CHINA, *MILITARILY CRITICAL TECHNOLOGIES, AIR DEFENSE, GUIDED MISSILES, REPRINTS, LAND WARFARE, SPACE TECHNOLOGY, MANPOWER, AIRCRAFT CARRIERS, DRONES, SUBMARINES, NAVAL VESSELS(COMBATANT), AIR POWER, NAVAL VESSELS(SUPPORT), MINE WARFARE, DEFENSE IN DEPTH, INFORMATION WARFARE
Identifiers: (U) AIR TO SHIP INTEGRATION, PRECISION GUIDED MUNITIONS, MISSILE DEVELOPMENT, PEOPLE'S LIBERATION ARMY, SEA POWER, RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) Western analysts have long known that Beijing is modernizing its armed forces; indeed, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) is undergoing a transformation. Through innovation in doctrine, organization, and technology -- the fundamental ingredients of a so-called revolution in military affairs (RMA) -- China is pursuing a capability to allow "the inferior to defeat the superior" with an eye fixed on the year 2030. This is an ambitious effort to undertake but by no means unachievable. With the possible exception of the United States, China has analyzed the implications of RMA more than any other nation. Although the impact of modern weaponry was predicted by the Soviet Union in the mid-1980s, the wake-up call for the People's Liberation Army came with the Persian Gulf War. Stunned by the near dominance of American systems, which bested Soviet and Chinese equipment in the air and on the ground, the Chinese scrambled to understand what had happened. In fact, Chinese analysts have been investigating high-tech warfare since the early 1980s as the Falklands, Becca Valley, and air strikes on Libya stimulated their interest. But their efforts did not gain support from the central government until more recently. China relearned the lessons of Desert Storm in the Taiwan Strait during 1996 when its forces did not perform well in bad weather, and U.S. naval forces operated at considerably longer distances with greater real-time data and effective military power. With the realization that they lagged at least a generation behind technologically, Beijing redoubled its efforts. Then, in 1999, NATO launched air strikes against Serbia, which once more demonstrated the gap between China and the West. American technology motivates Chinese research. This article reviews the PLA's technological priorities, emerging capabilities, and current and future concepts of war. (4 photographs)
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ADA394355
A PARADIGM FOR THE US ARMY TRANSFORMATION
Personal Author(s): Sikorsky, Van R
Report Date: Jan 2000 Media Count: 56 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY PLANNING, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), EUROPE, MILITARY STRATEGY, LESSONS LEARNED, MILITARY CAPABILITIES, MILITARY RESEARCH, MILITARY MODERNIZATION, TRANSFORMATIONS
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), ARMY TRANSFORMATION, MOMOGRAPHS
Abstract: (U) This monograph analyzes the Revolution in Military Affairs of early modem Europe to develop a paradigm for the current posited RMA and or the U.S. Army Transformation. Michael Roberts introduced the concept of a 'military revolution' during a lecture presented at the Queen's University of Belfast in 1955. The lecture entitled 'The Military Revolution 1560-1660', influenced numerous scholars and was the genesis of a large body of work on the subject. Exploitation of these works can potentially lead to a better understanding of military revolutions in general, the posited current military revolution and the U.S. Army Transformation. The militaries of early modem Europe passed through the crucible of transformation during the RMA of early modem Europe. The United States Army is currently undergoing a transformation as it incorporates digital technology into its arsenal. The United States Army is moving from its current force structure, known as the Legacy Force, to an Objective Force in which all divisions share a common design and possess similar C4ISR capabilities, logistical capabilities, and a common suite of vehicles. The paradigm developed in the monograph will determine whether there is an ongoing RMA and then whether that same paradigm is illustrative and appropriate for the U.S. Army Transformation. First, the monograph establishes workable definitions for an A and a paradigm. The monograph then assesses the notable works of scholars who studied the RMA of early modem Europe. This assessment will establish a framework with which to evaluate that early RMA and will lay the groundwork for establishing a paradigm. The actual battlefield events which occurred during the RMA of early modem Europe are then analyzed and a five part paradigm developed. This paradigm is then compared to current circumstances and determines that there is currently an ongoing RMA. The monograph then evaluates the current U.S. Army Transformation.
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ADA370703
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT ON THE ARMY'S FORCE XXI PROCESS IN DIGITIZING AVIATION BRIGADE UNITS.
Personal Author(s): Paulino, Kenneth P
Report Date: Sep 1999 Media Count: 144 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *IMPACT, *BRIGADE LEVEL ORGANIZATIONS, *ARMY AVIATION, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), WARFARE, MATERIEL, MILITARY REQUIREMENTS, LESSONS LEARNED, ACQUISITION, ARMY PERSONNEL, MILITARY DOCTRINE, DYNAMICS, THESES, AERONAUTICS, DETERMINATION, LEADERSHIP TRAINING
Abstract: (U) This thesis examines the issues encountered by the United States Army Aviation during the implementation period of the Army's Force XXI process. The research focuses on the digitization impact on the brigade and its subordinate units as Aviation prepares to proceed into the 2lst Century. The dynamics and complexity of digitization require utilization of the Army's warfighting requirements framework. This framework consists of the following domains: doctrine, training, leader development, organization, materiel, and soldier (DTLOMS). These domains or DTLOMS provide the mechanism to record the implications of Force XXI and identify lessons learned in the process. Force XXI is the concept that the Army will use to manage and exploit anticipated revolutionary changes in technology. This information-based concept will transform the entire Army's requirements determination process, materiel acquisition approach, and garrison and wartime operations. The case analysis identifies significant warfighting requirements issues in the DTLOMS framework impacting Aviation. Conclusions drawn from the analysis revealed that the Force XXI effort to digitize Aviation brigade units is progressing on the right path to the next century accompanied with training, integration, and acquisition challenges. Implementing the recommendations to combat these challenges should harness the digitization effort and manage the risks associated with the paradigm shift, so Aviation can effectively prepare its forces for the future.
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ADA385270
TARGETING OF ONCOGENIC PROTEINS FOR INTRACELLULAR DEGRADATION (97BREAST)
Personal Author(s): Byers, Stephen W
Report Date: Jul 1999 Media Count: 18 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *CELLS(BIOLOGY), *ONCOGENIC VIRUSES, *BREAST CANCER, DEPLETION, STABILITY, PERMEABILITY, DEGRADATION, PEPTIDES, ENZYMES, PROTEINS, TARGETING, GENES, GENETICS
Identifiers: (U) UBIQUITIN, INTRACELLULAR DEGRADATION, ANTENNAPEDIA
Abstract: (U) Selective depletion of intracellular oncogenic proteins is a potentially powerful tool for the treatment of breast cancer. This is usually achieved by genetic manipulation of the target gene using procedures such as gene disruption, antisense or ribozyme technologies. We now propose an alternative approach in which an oncogenic protein is specifically targeted for intracellular degradation. In order to do this we will take advantage of the permeability properties of the third helix of the antennapedia protein. This will be used to deliver a small trifunctional peptide consisting of a target protein binding peptide and a peptide designed to interact with the E2 class of ubiquitin conjugating enzymes. In this way the ubiquitin-conjugating machinery will be selectively recruited to the target protein which should then be degraded by the proteosome. We have used the transmembrane tyrosine kinase ErbB-2 as a model system since its oncogenic activity is * regulated at the level of protein stability and it is clearly important in breast cancer. Targeting constructs have been made and expressed in cells of varying ErbB-2 status.
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ADA366845
THE SHIFTING PARADIGM OF POST-COLD WAR COUNTERINTELLIGENCE SUPPORT TO USAF OPERATIONS: A MIDDLE EASTERN CASE STUDY
Personal Author(s): Lajeunesse, CGabriel C
Report Date: Jun 1999 Media Count: 91 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *TERRORISM, *COUNTERINTELLIGENCE, METHODOLOGY, MIDDLE EAST, THREATS, THESES, CASE STUDIES, BIOLOGICAL WARFARE, CHEMICAL ORDNANCE
Identifiers: (U) CYBERTERROISM, STATE SPONSORS OF TERRORISMS
Abstract: (U) The threat to US Operations in the Middle East has changed significantly since the end of the Cold War, and although counterintelligence methodology has changed with it, additional modifications are needed. This thesis demonstrates the gap that has emerged in the ability of counterintelligence forces to counter the threat. Increased military presence in the Middle East and the removal of the Cold War's checks and balances increase the impact of "rogue states" and non-state actors. Current counterintelligence methodology fails to adequately address the non-state-based threat. Revolutionary information technologies and the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons ensure that non- state actors will pose a counterintelligence threat as great, or greater, than the state-based threat. The implication of this is significant. The Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI), the USAF Agency tasked with counterintelligence support, must restructure itself to meet this emerging threat. A Classified annex to this thesis is published under separate cover. This annex outlines current AFOSI methodology and makes policy recommendations to allow AFOSI to better address the non-state-based threat.
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ADA370707
WARFARE IN THE INFORMATION AGE: ADDING CAPABILITY MULTIPLIERS
Personal Author(s): Cooney, David M , Jr
Report Date: 17 May 1999 Media Count: 25 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY OPERATIONS, IRAQ, KUWAIT, MILITARY REQUIREMENTS, INFORMATION EXCHANGE, MICROPROCESSORS, MILITARY CAPABILITIES, JOINT MILITARY ACTIVITIES, MICROCOMPUTERS, COMPUTER NETWORKS, MILITARY MODERNIZATION, INFORMATION WARFARE, SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), NETWORK CENTRIC WARFARE, CAPABILITY MULTIPLIERS
Abstract: (U) One recurring theme in military writings since the end of Desert Storm is that the American military is on the cusp of a new Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). Proponents of this viewpoint cite major changes in business and society brought on by the personal computer and the Internet. They view these changes as part of a new information age and predict that the explosive technological growth in the speed of microprocessors and networks will lead to whole new ways to wage war, with information superiority being the key ingredient to assure victory. Critics argue that war as a rough, brutish, and frequently irrational business, and that no network will eliminate either the fog or friction of war. They see many of concepts being put forward as not respectful of the enduring principles of war. This paper argues that regardless of whether revolutionary changes occur in the way wars are fought in the information age or whether developments will continue to follow a more evolutionary path, - the military needs to look beyond technology and begin the process of accelerating its ability to assimilate the changes technology brings. This paper presents five capability multipliers for warfare in the information age: (1) assembling and maintaining the intellectual capital to operate in the future networks; (2) developing information as a true discipline; (3) improving human computer interaction; (4) seeking greater understanding of how people process information and make decisions; and (5) furthering the cultural, organizational, and operational concepts to support the technological change.
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ADA421886
THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS: ALLIED PERSPECTIVES
Personal Author(s): Laird, Robbin F ; y, Holger H
Report Date: Apr 1999 Media Count: 110 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY OPERATIONS, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), UNITED STATES, ORGANIZATIONS, VARIATIONS, MILITARY MODERNIZATION, MILITARY PLANNING
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) The revolution in military affairs (RMA) is an American concept that frames a debate about the restructuring of American military forces in the period of globalization of the American economy. A core task for U.S. allies is to seek to understand the American debate and to identify opportunities for and the risks to themselves in variant patterns of development of the American military in the years ahead. An RMA rests upon a dramatic restructuring of the American economy. New technologies are correlated with significant changes in organizational structures. The restructuring of the American military is occurring in the context of restructuring American society and expanded global reach for the United States. It is part of a much broader process of change within the United States and in the relationship of the United States to the world.
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ADA363940
JOINT LOGISTICS COMMAND AND THE ARMY AFTER NEXT
Personal Author(s): Newman, Thomas J
Report Date: 22 Mar 1999 Media Count: 42 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *LOGISTICS SUPPORT, *MILITARY STRATEGY, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), DEPLOYMENT, THEATER LEVEL OPERATIONS, JOINT MILITARY ACTIVITIES, MILITARY COMMANDERS, MILITARY TACTICS, MILITARY BUDGETS, TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), AAN(ARMY AFTER NEXT), JOINT THEATER LOGISTICS COMMAND
Abstract: (U) Changes in technology will drive changes in military organization, doctrine, and methods of employment. These changes will also result in profound changes in the National Military Strategy. In the area of logistics, support to deployed forces will become increasingly joint in nature, due to pressures to exploit emerging business practice efficiencies, and to save dollars. The Army, due to its existing joint support responsibilities, will be tasked to take the lead in organizing and operating a "Joint Theater Logistics Command", which will integrate logistics for joint force commanders in active theaters of operations. This doctrinal and organizational shift will evolve in concert with the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) that is shaping the Army After Next (AAN).
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ADA364586
DIGITAL DATA WARFARE TOOLS: SHOULD CINCS HAVE CONTROL
Personal Author(s): Newman, Herb W
Report Date: 15 Mar 1999 Media Count: 51 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *DIGITAL SYSTEMS, *INFORMATION WARFARE, DATA BASES, CONTROL, UNITED STATES, NATIONAL SECURITY, TOOLS, PLANNING, EVOLUTION(GENERAL), MICROCOMPUTERS, MILITARY COMMANDERS, TACTICAL WARFARE
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), *DIGITAL DATA WARFARE
Abstract: (U) The meteoric explosion of information-age technologies led by the ongoing rapid evolution of cyberspace and microcomputers has brought about a revolution in Military Affairs. A new form of Information Operations (IO) Warfare, Digital Data Warfare, portends enormous ramifications for the national security of the United States, its allies, and potential coalition partners. Joint Pub 3-13 provides doctrine for the execution of IO in joint operations. It discusses integration and synchronization of offensive and defensive IO in the planning and execution of combatant commanders' plans and operations to support the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of war. What Joint Pub 3-13 does not do is state that combatant commanders should have control of Digital Data Warfare tools. This paper examines and answers important strategic questions concerning combatant commander's control and authority to employ offensive Digital Data Warfare tools. The guideposts of this study provide a primer for understanding control and employment of Digital Data Warfare.
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ADA359600
CONTROLLER AND COMMUNICATIONS MIDDLEWARE SURVEY AND EVALUATION
Personal Author(s): Kranz, Roland ; Harrell, Forrest
Report Date: 27 Aug 1998 Media Count: 144 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, *CONTROL SYSTEMS, *COMPUTER PROGRAMMING, *ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES, *COMPUTER APPLICATIONS, *GROUND STATIONS, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, DATA BASES, REQUIREMENTS, INTEGRATED SYSTEMS, CORES, DISTRIBUTED DATA PROCESSING, MODELS, NETWORKS, COSTS, SHIFTING, PATTERNS, TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT, OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
Identifiers: (U) PE63401F, WUAFRL2181TC02
Abstract: (U) There is a need for a standard core architecture to reduce the costs of developing and maintaining ground control systems for different satellites. This report documents a survey and evaluation of next generation computing technology trends relevant to the need. In addition to the advent of the Internet, there are two Important on-going evolutions impacting the area - the migration to distributed client-server computing and the paradigm shift to object-oriented (OO) programming. New application software is being developed based on a distributed object model and clients are tied to servers by software called "middleware." Available commercial-off-the- shelf (COTS) controller and communication middleware are evaluated for their applicability to satellite ground stations and for distributed processing, distributed database access, and distributed systems management. Available products and vendors are listed. Low-cost satellite ground station application software with the flexibility to adapt as requirements change can be built using COTS-available middleware. Although most middleware frees the application developer from the need for network programming, it nevertheless requires an experienced implementation staff for the selection of an integrated set of middleware products.
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ADA356938
AVOIDING AGINCOURT - RESTRUCTURING COMMAND AND CONTROL FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
Personal Author(s): Smith, John Thomas
Report Date: 21 May 1998 Media Count: 83 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, *ARMY PLANNING, UNCERTAINTY, WARFARE, JOBS, LESSONS LEARNED, BATTLEFIELDS, ATTACK, PRECISION, ENEMY, MILITARY COMMANDERS, LEADERSHIP TRAINING
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) The U.S. Army is on the brink of a revolution in military affairs (RMA). Significant advancements in informational technologies and precision warfare are providing unprecedented potential for future warfare. These changes challenge the appropriateness of traditional command and control (C2) forms. The current RMA will likely enable commanders to change the way they C2 units. Given an RMA, one might believe that future warfare can impose more certainty on the battlefield and thereby make the commander's job easier, suggesting a change in the C2 method. Through an examination of history and the application of lessons learned, the author reaffirms the role that uncertainty plays in defining the command structure. This monograph investigates Martin Van Creveld's three command forms (command by direction, command by plan, and command by influence) to propose a form for the Army of the 21st Century. The monograph focuses on how each form deals with uncertainty in battlespace. The author concludes that command by influence is the likely candidate for the command form of the 21st Century. Implications of this study suggest a necessary change in leader development and highlight the need for a more efficient method of C2 in the future battlespace. Army 2010 needs farsighted leadership now to write the doctrine, train and equip the force that will continue to deter enemy aggression in the 21st Century.
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ADA351761
Advanced C4I and Operational Decision Making: Panacea or Pandora's Box?
Personal Author(s): Eagen, Michael M
Report Date: 18 May 1998 Media Count: 25 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY INTELLIGENCE, *COMMAND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS, *DECISION MAKING, *COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, *OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS, WARFARE, HIGH RATE, MODELS, COMPUTERS, PSYCHOLOGY, FRICTION, GUNFIRE
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), C4I(COMMAND CONNTROL COMMUNICATIONS COMPUTERS AND INTELLIGENCE), C4I FOR THE WARRIOR, JOINT VISION 2010
Abstract: (U) The much vaunted revolution in milltary affairs (RMA) as it relates to advanced Command and Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) is upon us. The notion that advanced C4I, fueled by rapid fire advancements in information technology, will be the ultimate answer to the fog and friction of war permeates the C4I For The Warrior concept. Such views are short sighted and fail to take into account the psychological factors that contribute to fog and friction. This paper explores the promise of this "system of systems" as well as its week points. Specifically, the paper examines the interface between the joint warrior of the future and the advanced C4I systems that will empower-the various service-specific and joint warfighting models being developed in support of Joint Vtsion 2010. Included is a discussion of how advanced C4I may or may not change decision making processes, particularly at the operational level of war. Finally, the paper examines methods which the military of the future might employ to meet the challenges these new technologies will create.
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ADA348426
JOINT EXPEDITIONARY FORCES: A STEP BEYOND
Personal Author(s): Shanahan, Brian J
Report Date: 13 Feb 1998 Media Count: 21 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), *JOINT MILITARY ACTIVITIES, MILITARY OPERATIONS, BUDGETS, ADAPTATION, CIVIL AFFAIRS
Identifiers: (U) *RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), *JEF(JOINT EXPEDITIONARY FORCES), GOLDWATER-NICHOLS ACT, INTERAGENCY INTEGRATION, INNOVATION, RESTRUCTURING, TECHNOLOGICAL SUPERIORITY
Abstract: (U) Dramatic changes have swept the world over the last decade. The United States' military has not been left untouched by these changes. In particular, the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986, the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) and declining defense budgets have significantly altered the manner in which the military views its future structure and operational concepts. Experimentation and innovation will be the keys to sustaining the United States position as the world's preeminent power. This paper will explore a concept of routinely employing and deploying Joint Expeditionary Forces (JEF) in response to the changes we are witnessing. The JEF concept melds the adaptive joint force package first proposed by Admiral Miller in 1992-93, and the Civil Military Operations Center as outlined in Joint Pub 3-08, Vol. I. Joint military forces integrated with the interagency organizations that have become increasingly involved in Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW) provides a synergistic effect that could not be matched by military forces alone.
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ADA356662
CAMPAIGNING FOR CHANGE: ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES, GOVERNMENTAL POLITICS, AND THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
Personal Author(s): Conley, Kathleen M
Report Date: Jan 1998 Media Count: 18 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY OPERATIONS, *MILITARY DOCTRINE, WARFARE, IRAQ, KUWAIT, POLITICAL SCIENCE, UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, ORGANIZATIONS, DEFENSE SYSTEMS, LEADERSHIP, EMPLOYMENT
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) The 199Os have ushered in an era of rapid change, both in America's employment of its military forces and in its sense of its defense needs for the next century. A revolution in military affairs (RMA) looms: some observers claim that Desert Storm's strategic air campaign heralded advances in technology and doctrine that will fundamentally reshape future warfare. Today, the RMA is an explicitly stated goal, enjoying the full support of Secretary of Defense William Cohen. However, its successful implementation is not foreordained. Similarly, there was no guarantee that a single air commander would direct the Desert Storm air campaign, despite the concept's endorsement by senior leaders. The reasons for this gap between stated policy and certain implementation are twofold. First, just as the air campaign's organizational enabler, the unified air commander, was not ingrained in military doctrine and practice prior to Desert Storm, neither is the RMA guaranteed to take hold throughout today's defense organizations. Second, unless the rational basis for the strategy is translated into an overarching vision, the RMA faces obstacles in the form of powerful, change-resistant bureaucratic forces.
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ADA347310
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF A CYBERNETIC INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR COMMAND AND CONTROL
Personal Author(s): Oluvic, N Michael
Report Date: Sep 1997 Media Count: 196 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, *INFORMATION SYSTEMS, *COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, *CYBERNETICS, DATA PROCESSING, DECISION MAKING, TOOLS, RESOLUTION, THESES, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, FOCUSING, CONFLICT, FUSION(MELTING), NATURAL LANGUAGE, DETERRENCE
Identifiers: (U) OODA(OBSERVE ORIENT DECIDE ACT)
Abstract: (U) This thesis argues a case for focusing command and control efforts more towards conflict deterrence vice conflict resolution and proposes a conceptual design for a command and control system to accomplish this paradigm shift. It also addresses the issue of shortening the Observe, Orient, Decide, Act (OODA) Loop of a decision-maker to enhance control while disrupting an adversary's control of a situation. Accomplishing these goals requires some method to handle the overabundance of data available for processing and analysis. The proposed system would use advanced, but existing, information technology, incorporating cybernetic models, to enhance a decision-maker's control process. It does this by collecting, processing, and fusing all-source data for presentation to a decision-maker. Natural Language Processors categorize, filter, and fuse relevant data while advanced visualization engines display that data in a way that improves a decision-maker's ability to rapidly assimilate infonnation, and increase knowledge and understanding. This thesis shows that using cybernetic models, and advanced Artificial intelligence tools, a design exists that could help increase understanding and control by improving the decision-making process and shortening the decision-maker's OODA Loop.
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ADA333306
USING WEB-BASED TECHNOLOGIES FOR NETWORK MANAGEMENT TOOLS
Personal Author(s): Agami, Arie
Report Date: Jun 1997 Media Count: 86 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND CONTROL, *NETWORKS, *INTERNET, DATA BASES, GLOBAL, ORGANIZATIONS, MANAGEMENT, INTERFACES, THESES, SOLUTIONS(GENERAL), CONFIGURATIONS, USER NEEDS, ACCESS, VENDORS, CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT, REMOTE TERMINALS, WEBS(SHEETS), JAVA
Abstract: (U) This thesis examines the recent developments in the application of Internet technology to the field of network management. Network management has become increasingly important and even critical for large organizations. The current solutions offered by the main network management vendors are very expensive, demand a lot of training, and have been implemented only in a centralized paradigm of management. New solutions to current network management tools problems may be found in the increasingly popular World Wide Web, Internet tools such as Java, and remote database access through the Internet, as well as an established user interface, which can be easily learned. The main advantage of this paradigm shift is the ability to provide any user in the organization with information about the network, as well as the ability to allow authorized users to handle a network problem from any machine or location. These new methods are examined with regards to the requirements of an ideal network management system, and the feasibility of implementing these methods, given current network configuration. A web-based network management prototype implementing a configuration management tool is described. New network management protocols are also investigated.
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ADA326625
AFTER RECOGNITION COMES IMPLEMENTATION: THE CHALLENGES FOR THE INFORMATION AGE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
Personal Author(s): Judy, Daniel R
Report Date: 18 Apr 1997 Media Count: 43 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY STRATEGY, *MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS, *MILITARY MODERNIZATION, *TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, NATIONAL SECURITY, DECISION MAKING, COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, MILITARY DOCTRINE, COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, INFORMATION THEORY, MILITARY PLANNING
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) An unprecedented rate of improvement on the order of a ten fold increase every 3 to 4 years has occurred in information technology. It been called an explosion, and it has propelled the United States into the Information Age. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff addressed the resulting impact on the military during promulgation of Joint Vision 2010. He stated we are already in the midst of a Revolution in Military Affairs caused by the explosion. However, the totality of this is not well understood as current strategic concepts do not cleanly address the meaning of a Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). Serious apprehension surrounds the discussion because the composition and fabric of the Army could clearly be affected. In this research project, the notion of an Information Age RMA is explored. Framing the review is an examination of the current geostrategic and domestic environments and the Army's corresponding activities. It is concluded that three important actions must occur to enact an RMA. First the RMA concept must be clearly defined and understood. Secondly, a goal or vision must exist. Finally, an implementation plan must be written to direct purposeful action. Recognizing these ideas are paramount to successful execution of an Information Age RMA.
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ADA326774
MILES WIDE, INCHES DEEP: ARMY LOGISTICS ON THE 21ST CENTURY BATTLEFIELD
Personal Author(s): Palmer, Herman T
Report Date: 07 Apr 1997 Media Count: 25 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY DOCTRINE, *LOGISTICS PLANNING, LEADERSHIP, STRATEGIC ANALYSIS, LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT, ARMY OPERATIONS, ARMY PLANNING
Identifiers: (U) RML(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY LOGISTICS), RMA(REVOLUTIONS IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) The study begins with a futuristic vignette from a hypothetical Middle Eastern war early in the twenty-first century. In this future conflict the U.S. Army finds itself stranded on the battlefield and incapable of sustaining operations because of failures in strategic logistics planning in the late nineteenth century. Using the vignette to create a plausible failure of logistics, the author then critically examines the strategic thinking of senior leadership in regard to the current Revolution in Military Logistics (RML) in light of knowledge of the relationship between past Revolutions in Military Affairs (RMAs) and RMLs. From this perspective the author argues that planners in the 1990s did not recognize the true nature of the RML at the time and focused on technological enhancements to the old logistics paradigm, failing to foresee and develop the requisite doctrine, organizational structure, and new technologies necessary to support the on-going RMA.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA326682
A REVOLUTION IN MILITARY ENGINEERING
Personal Author(s): Porter, Bruce J
Report Date: 07 Apr 1997 Media Count: 38 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY DOCTRINE, *MILITARY ENGINEERING, *MILITARY ENGINEERS, GLOBAL, UNITED STATES, INDUSTRIES, JOBS, CORES, SOCIETIES, TOPOGRAPHY, CEMENTS, DRIVES, ENGINEERS, TRANSITIONS, ARMY, WAVES, SOCIOLOGY, CREATIVITY, DOCTRINE, SEEDS, ARCHITECTS
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) A new civilization is dawning as the world transitions from a Second Wave, industrial society to a Third Wave, information society. The armed forces of the United States plan to take advantage of new technologies and societal changes spawned by the Third Wave to drive a Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). Many past RMAs have had a complementary Revolution in Military Engineering. The seeds for such a Revolution in Military Engineering were planted in America's Army when combat engineer units were reorganized under the Third Wave concept known as Engineer Force (E-Force). Four emerging engineer warfare areas will capitalize on E-Force so they will, collectively, energize the drive for a Revolution in Military Engineering: Prime Architect, Topographic Warfare, Virtual Battlespace Occupation, and Dominating Mobility. These areas combine new technologies, creative doctrine, and innovative organizations to offer 'leap-ahead' capabilities for the combined arms force of the future. Achieving a Revolution in Military Engineering will cement the legitimacy of military engineering as one of the Army's core competencies.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA327427
INFORMATION OPERATIONS: A LAYMAN'S PERSPECTIVE
Personal Author(s): Bishop, Roy V
Report Date: 01 Apr 1997 Media Count: 34 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *ELECTRONIC WARFARE, *INFORMATION EXCHANGE, WEAPONS, RISK, COMPUTERS
Identifiers: (U) *INFORMATION OPERATIONS, *INFORMATION WARFARE, C4(COMMAND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTERS), RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) The subject of Information Operations (IO), formerly called Information Warfare, is having a profound impact on the Department of Defense and the Armed Services because of the proliferation of information technologies throughout the Armed Services. Most literature on the subject will tell you that IO is the center piece for a larger Revolution in Military Affairs. Whether these technological innovations represent a revolution or not, is of little importance in the grand scheme of things. But taking maximum advantage of their potential is. Utilization of these technologies is not without considerable risk. This paper examines where we got started with incorporating high technology into intelligence, weapons, and command, control, communications and computer systems, assess where we are and where we are going, discuss the associated vulnerabilities and what we are doing to protect against them.
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ADA398236
KEY INGREDIENTS FOR SUSTAINED EXCELLENCE
Personal Author(s): Caulfied III, William R
Report Date: Apr 1997 Media Count: 48 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *LEADERSHIP, *MILITARY PLANNING, *MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS, ORGANIZATIONS, DECISION MAKING, MANAGEMENT, PERFORMANCE(HUMAN), DYNAMICS, TEAMS(PERSONNEL), CONSISTENCY, SHARING, INTERNAL, PRODUCTIVITY, ATTENTION
Abstract: (U) The pursuit of sustained excellence constantly challenges large and small organizations. What are the key ingredients for each particular establishment? What level of attention should be appropriated to differing internal levels? An analysis of recently published theories on sustained excellence identified recurring themes of leadership, planning, and empowerment. The significant departure from past theories rested in a consistent undercurrent to more deeply integrate stakeholders into decision making processes. These new concepts advocate paradigm shifts from past theories which centered on maximizing technological advantages and exclusively reserving decision making to the management team. Review, analysis, and comparison of many respected authors on organizational dynamics surfaced three prevalent themes of principle-centered leadership, growth based preparatory planning, and progressive empowerment as pivotal to achieving and sustaining high individual and organizational performance levels. Persistent advocacy for individual commitment to a shared vision in a mutually respectful, proactive environment dominated all the reviewed concepts of organizational dynamics. The impetus for success consistently rested on seeking, attaining, and enlightening the resolve of individuals to commit to personal growth, creativity, and responsibility toward effective achievement of personal and organizational visions and goals. Leadership, planning, and empowerment, properly focused, contain the capacity to elevate individualistic potential and deliver sustained excellence through the collective whole's commitment to synergetic growth and interdependent productivity.
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ADA399021
LOGISTICS REFORM AND THE MILITARY STRATEGY OF THE UNITED STATES: WILL THE REVOLUTION IN DEFENSE LOGISTICS SUPPORT THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS OR IS IT A COST-SAVINGS PROGRAM THAT MAY WEAKEN OUR STRATEGY
Personal Author(s): Kane, Robert C
Report Date: Apr 1997 Media Count: 47 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY OPERATIONS, *LOGISTICS SUPPORT, *MILITARY STRATEGY, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), WARFARE, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, LESSONS LEARNED, COST EFFECTIVENESS, THESES, NATIONAL DEFENSE, DOCTRINE
Identifiers: (U) *RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) Over the past several years several major issues, two of which are the premise that a Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) is underway and that the national defense share of federal resources should be reduced, have led DOD to undertake what has been termed a Revolution in Defense Logistics. This revolution is intended to develop a more efficient and effective vision for the logistics concepts that will support the style of warfare the RMA envisions in our future. The purpose of this paper is to review DOD's plan and its progress by analyzing the fundamental changes identified in a speech by the Undersecretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology. The central thesis in exploring this topic is to assess whether these revolutionary changes represent a true revolution in the military effectiveness and strategic thinking of RMA-style warfare of the future or primarily a way to improve the cost-efficiency of U.S. armed forces in order to free up funding for other purposes. The study was conducted primarily by review of operational and logistics doctrine, lessons learned from recent contingencies and current writings on logistics support to warfighting forces of the future. As a result of this study, while these changes are touted as revolutionary thinking, overall it appears most of the initiatives actually represent evolutionary changes which primarily affect cost-efficiency rather than true RMA-type changes in logistics thinking.
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ADA323500
SYNTHETIC ACQUISITION CYCLE ON THE WAY
Personal Author(s): Brown, C D
Report Date: 20 Mar 1997 Media Count: 4 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *COMBAT READINESS, *FIELD TESTS, *ARMY PROCUREMENT, TEST AND EVALUATION, SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, LOGISTICS SUPPORT, MILITARY REQUIREMENTS, LIFE EXPECTANCY(SERVICE LIFE), THREAT EVALUATION, WAR GAMES, ARMY OPERATIONS, FIELD CONDITIONS, TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, VIRTUAL REALITY
Identifiers: (U) VIRTUAL PROVING GROUND
Abstract: (U) Budget restrictions are leading the Army toward a synthetic acquisition cycle that will introduce and update equipment faster, allowing potential enemies no time to deny our forces current technological edge. Conducting the acquisition cycle in a synthetic environment will accelerate the introduction of new capabilities into the Army, and will help design systems for change, so subsystems and components can be upgraded during an extended lifetime. Test and evaluations role must be rethought in subjecting systems to field conditions, learning from both successes and failures during testing, and applying test results that capture design flaws in need of redesign. The paradigm shift among the testers, users, and contractors cannot be directed from the top. Open access to the models of the system under test and the virtual test ranges during all phases is the key. To meet this need, TECOM is developing a Virtual Proving Ground which will replicate all of TECOM capabilities in a synthetic environment. We must explore feasible alternatives before a requirement is specified. As technology reduces the time between fielding of model changes, we can explore by experimental prototype demonstrations the real operational advantages of capabilities, previously only imputed by simulation or computation. This requires an interactive, open architecture, formatted in a familiar configuration that can import, interface, and integrate a broad range of external software packages. Users must be able to transparently invoke the appropriate functions and features needed for their system applications.
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ADA442715
INTEGRATED BATTLEFELD MANAGEMENT BEGINS IN SPACE
Personal Author(s): Branco, Jr, Allen G
Report Date: 18 Mar 1997 Media Count: 12 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY STRATEGY, *INTEGRATED SYSTEMS, *SPACE TECHNOLOGY, *COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, *BATTLE MANAGEMENT, COMMAND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS, JOINT MILITARY ACTIVITIES, TACTICAL WARFARE, DECENTRALIZATION, ADAPTATION, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), SPACE SYSTEMS, REAL TIME, BATTLEFIELDS
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), *INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, AIR FORCE SPACE COMMAND, BATTLEFIELD AWARENESS, SPACE-BASED SENSORS, NATIONAL SPACE STRATEGY, MARTIN C LIBICKI, BATTLEFIELD DOMINANCE, *BATTLEFIELD MANAGEMENT
Abstract: (U) On July 3, 1863, "Lee's stubborn pugnacity still pushed the attack forward, until three divisions totaling about 15,000 men suffered wreckage beyond recovery in the failure of Pickett's Charge." Sadly, Robert E. Lee stands out for miscalculating the impact of an ongoing revolution in military affairs. He was knowledgeable in the new weapon systems he faced, yet was unwilling to adapt his strategy and tactics to the new realities of war. At the close of the 20th century, military leaders face a similar dilemma. Today, a highly volatile technological environment is reshaping the battlefield. The challenge is to understand and adapt, for if the United States fails to shape the new technologies, they will shape it with potentially disastrous results. The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), through Joint Publication 6-0, established a benchmark for future C4. The nation must build a future in which an effective C4I structure is able to support virtually any type of joint operation. This future vision is captured in the concept of real-time battlespace information. The JCS describes the system's objective as follows: "The warrior needs a fused, real-time, true picture of the battlespace and the ability to order, respond and coordinate vertically and horizontally to the degree necessary to prosecute the mission in the battlespace." To understand the issue of battlefield management, this paper addresses the following key questions: (1) Is this concept part of a revolution in military affairs, (2) What is a reasonable vision for an integrated battlespace goal, (3) What are the acquisition issues associated with the concept, and (4) What is the best method for converting this concept into a strategy to guide U.S. efforts? These questions are central to the concept of battlefield dominance and U.S. success in reaching this goal in the next century.
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ADA397873
NIGHT AIR COMBAT. A UNITED STATES MILITARY-TECHNICAL REVOLUTION
Personal Author(s): Krause, Merrick E
Report Date: Mar 1997 Media Count: 63 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *NIGHT WARFARE, *AERIAL WARFARE, COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS, LESSONS LEARNED, MILITARY CAPABILITIES, AIR FORCE OPERATIONS
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), MTR(MILITARY TECHNICAL REVOLUTION)
Abstract: (U) Night fighting is one competency in which the United States possesses global superiority. After witnessing the devastating effect of twenty-four hour flight operations during Operation Desert Storm, many tacticians now promote initiating offensive air combat operations at night to exploit our apparent advantage over potential adversaries. Understanding how the United States reached the critical jump in military effectiveness through the application of night air combat technologies is critical to project future military revolutions based on technical innovations. Although previous wars and conflicts have had limited night aerial operations, it is possible to detect a revolutionary shift in the effectiveness of night air combat and in the frequency of night airpower employment. This paper explores the development and non-linear maturation process of night air combat, examining this capability with regard to the theory of the military technical revolution (MTR). An investigation of the MTR concept begins this study, followed by a historic review of night air combat. Finally, this paper links theory and history to provide conclusions. Night air combat, as a specialized type of combat in which the United States military retains a distinct advantage due to technology, training, and application, fits the characteristics of MTR theory-and is part of the continuing greater Revolution in Military Affairs.
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ADA442714
CYBERWAR AND INFORMATION WARFARE: A REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS OR MUCH ADO ABOUT NOT TOO MUCH?
Personal Author(s): Ray, Charles A
Report Date: Jan 1997 Media Count: 34 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY HISTORY, *WARFARE, *INVENTIONS, *INFORMATION WARFARE, NUCLEAR WEAPONS, AIRCRAFT, EVOLUTION(GENERAL), GUNS, FIREPOWER, TANKS(COMBAT VEHICLES), TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS, UNDERWATER CABLES, FORTIFICATIONS, RIFLES, MILITARY TACTICS, MUNITIONS INDUSTRY, EXPLOSIVES, RAILROADS, GUIDED MISSILES
Identifiers: (U) *TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, TRADITIONAL THREATS, ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY, PHILIP OF MACEDON, PHALANX, ROMAN EMPIRE, LEGION, DARK AGES, CHARLEMAGNE, CROSSBOW, STIRRUP, LONGBOW, MIDDLE AGES, GUNPOWDER WEAPONS, SIEGE WEAPONS, MUSKETS, BREECHLOADER, REPEATING RIFLES, LOUIS XIV, LEVEE EN MASSE, THIRD WAVE SOCIETIES, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, LOW-TECH ADVERSARIES, RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) Throughout recorded history there have been a number of major changes in the way wars are fought that have been related in some degree to changes in technology. Looking back on these changes, and at the changes that are being caused by the rapid advances in today's technology, many people assert that we are in the midst of a revolution in military affairs (RMA). The Department of Defense's Office of Net Assessment defines an RMA as "a major change in the nature of warfare brought about by the innovative application of technologies which, combined with dramatic changes in military doctrine, and operational concepts, fundamentally alters the character and conduct of operations. A study of history reveals, however, that technology does not, in and of itself, change the way armies conduct the business of waging war. Sudden alterations in the way armies conduct operations, introduced without testing and proof of their efficacy, can render an army incapable of fulfilling its basic purpose. When new battlefield technology is introduced, militaries typically approach it warily, retaining much of the old way of doing things to ensure a capability of meeting known or expected threats, or until the old way is shown to be incapable of coping with threats. This is not to argue against adopting new technologies, for armies must still prepare to cope with peer adversaries. But the modern army must keep a foot in both camps -- retaining the ability to deal with the known threat of technologically less advanced foes while preparing for the unknown. This paper discusses advances in the weapons and tactics of war made by Philip of Macedon, the Roman Empire, Charlemagne, Louis XIV, and Napoleon. Specific tactics/weapons discussed include the phalanx, legion, stirrup, crossbow, longbow, gunpowder, rifle, breechloader, levee en masse, telegraph, underwater cables, airplane, tank, railroads, atomic weapons, guided missiles, and information technology.
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ADA354177
THINKING ABOUT REVOLUTIONS IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
Personal Author(s): Murray, Williamson
Report Date: Jan 1997 Media Count: 9 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *WEAPONS, *WARFARE, *TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT, ORGANIZATIONS, DEFENSE SYSTEMS, MANAGEMENT, QUALITY, BEHAVIOR, HISTORIANS
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS).
Abstract: (U) The term revolution in military affairs (RMA) is a buzzword inside the Beltway and among academics interested in defense affairs. As Dennis Schowalter noted at a recent conference, RMA has replaced TQM total quality management as the acronym of choice among members of the Armed Forces. One suspects that much of this enthusiasm, which rests upon only the slightest knowledge of the historical record, may distort as much as it helps in thinking about military change and innovation. Yet one must also admit that military events of late suggest major changes in technology and weapons with substantial implications for conducting war in the next century. This article suggests how one might think about RMAs of the past and the implications of the historical record for the future. The views reflect the influence, comments, and thoughts of colleagues in the historical profession. First, historians have done relatively little work on RMAs. Michael Roberts introduced the idea of a single military revolution in his inaugural lecture at Queens University Belfast in 1955. Thereafter until 1991, interest in the military revolution was focused on the 16th and 17th centuries; early modern historians argued among themselves about whether there was such a revolution and, if so, when it occurred and what form it took. That debate continues. Since the mid-l8th century, however, military historians have concentrated on other issues such as innovation, effectiveness, adaptation, organizational behavior, or-the bread and butter of the profession-battle histories. Modern historians quite simply have not been very interested in military revolutions.
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ADA286917
TRADEOFF ANALYSIS MODEL FOR ARSENAL SHIP SURVIVABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY
Personal Author(s): Bush, Ronald S ; Cimiluca, Arthur E , Jr
Report Date: Sep 1996 Media Count: 82 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION, *ANTIMISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEMS, *SUPPLY DEPOTS, *SHIP DEFENSE SYSTEMS, *TRADE OFF ANALYSIS, *POINT DEFENSE, DECISION MAKING, KILL PROBABILITIES, SURVIVABILITY, THESES, SENSITIVITY, CRUISE MISSILES, CONFIGURATIONS, LIFE CYCLE COSTS, HARDENING, USER FRIENDLY, STEALTH TECHNOLOGY, ESCORT SHIPS
Identifiers: (U) ARSENAL SHIP PROGRAM, SUSTAINABILITY, DDG-51 VESSEL, ARSENAL SHIP TRADEOFF ANALYSIS MODEL
Abstract: (U) The arsenal ship program is unique and requires examining the possible features of a paradigm shift in ship design. This thesis presents a user-friendly model with which a decision maker can perform tradeoff analyses between adding specific systems and technologies to the arsenal ship or adding the escort services of combatant ships. The goal of the model is to produce configuration alternatives with high arsenal ship survivability subject to a budget constraint. The model also examines operational logistics by predicting the sustainability of forces with specified arsenal ship configurations. As some inputs are necessarily speculative at this stage, the model is formatted parametrically to facilitate easy updating. A balanced arsenal ship design incorporating point defense, stealth, and hardening is the most attractive choice for littoral operations when life cycle costs are considered. The naval component must also be balanced, reinforcing the notion that stealth and staying power are important in an arsenal ship task force containing DDG-51s and SC-21S.
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ADA331908
BRILLIANT WARRIOR: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Personal Author(s): Sikes, Carol S ; Cherry, Adelaide K ; Durall, William E ; Hargrove, Michael R ; Tingman, Kenneth R
Report Date: Aug 1996 Media Count: 75 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *INFORMATION SYSTEMS, *EDUCATION, *SKILLS, *MILITARY TRAINING, *MILITARY TACTICS, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, MILITARY INTELLIGENCE, WARFARE, GLOBAL, ORGANIZATIONS, DECISION MAKING, IMPACT, COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, NETWORKS, AIR FORCE PERSONNEL, INTEGRATION, MEDIA, POWER, LEARNING, ADAPTIVE TRAINING
Identifiers: (U) *INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION, ASF(AIR AND SPACE FORCE), RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) The Air and Space Force (ASF) of 2025 will be a smaller and far more technical force than even today's Air Force. It will be a matured third wave information age force, incorporating new technologies, new operational concepts, new tactics, and new organizational structures. The advanced weapons of 2025 will require brilliant soldiers, sailors, marines, and airmen. The military of the future will need warriors who are not only comfortable with high-technology equipment but can also deal with diverse people and cultures, tolerate ambiguity, take initiative, ask questions, and even question authority. As a result, the ASF of 2025 will increase its emphasis on education and training to give its warriors the best possible learning opportunities in an effort to make them as productive as possible quickly and economically. To achieve these goals, the ASF will develop an integrated adaptive learning environment (ALE) centered on four overlapping areas which impact education and training. These areas include the people involved in the learning process along with their changing roles and responsibilities; the evolving goals and objectives of education and training programs; the new skills, knowledge, and competencies required in the information age; and rapidly emerging information systems technologies such as high-capacity global networks, digital knowledge-bases, advanced software, and virtual reality systems.
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ADA394190
TOMORROW'S AIR FORCE
Personal Author(s): Libicki, Martin C ; Szafranski, Richard
Report Date: Jul 1996 Media Count: 6 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *AIR FORCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, MILITARY MODERNIZATION, TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), META SYSTEM
Abstract: (U) The U.S. Air Force stands at a crossroads as it contemplates its long term future. It can retain its atmospheric orientation and find itself mired in endless and fruitless debates over which military tasks (e.g., anti-tactical missiles) best fit which medium--and thus service. Yet, aerospace is no longer the high ground of combat--the medium whose domination makes victory everywhere else a matter of effort rather than fortune. Information plays that role today. As the world's leading military service in the application of emerging technology, the Air Force will be best served by adopting an infospheric orientation. By doing so, it can lay claim to the three new missions of the 21st century: strategic defense, global transparency, and extended information dominance.
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ADA311391
ATTACKING THE INFRASTRUCTURE: EXPLORING POTENTIAL USES OF OFFENSIVE INFORMATION WARFARE
Personal Author(s): Elam, Donald E
Report Date: Jun 1996 Media Count: 216 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *ELECTRONIC WARFARE, *INFORMATION SYSTEMS, *INFRASTRUCTURE, CONTROL, MILITARY PERSONNEL, SIZES(DIMENSIONS), THESES, OFFICER PERSONNEL, WAVES
Identifiers: (U) *INFORMATION WARFARE, OIW(OFFENSIVE INFORMATION WARFARE), ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES, GII(GLOBAL INFORMATION IN FRASTRUCTURE)
Abstract: (U) The world has entered the Third Wave; it has entered the Information Age. One of the fundamentals of this paradigm shift is the fact that information is power. The side that controls information more effectively will be victorious. Thus, countries and militaries must change their mentality in order to survive. A new form of conflict, Information Warfare, has been born. This new discipline is large, dynamic, and complex. The need exists for education among military officers and other concerned professionals throughout the country. This thesis helps to bridge the education gap. It presents a snapshot of Information Warfare today, exploring many different avenues and possibilities along the way. The first half of the document is focused on Information Warfare in general, and the second half deals specifically with the offensive side. The purpose of this thesis is not to present an all-encompassing view of Offensive Information War or eve of Information Warfare in general. The field of Information Warfare is too big for any one individual or organization to fully comprehend all of its intricacies. Indeed, due to the dynamic nature of this discipline, chances are that some, or maybe even all, of the material contained herein will be obsolescent upon publication. The goal of the thesis is to present one view of Information Warfare, as seen through the eyes of many. The hope is that some benefit will be garnered by the reader, even if it only sparks an idea or helps to understand th importance of this growing warfare dimension.
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ADA311887
INFORMATION WARFARE: IMPLICATIONS FOR FORGING THE TOOLS
Personal Author(s) Thrasher, Roger D
Report Date: Jun 1996 Media Count: 160 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *ELECTRONIC WARFARE, *INFORMATION SYSTEMS, *MILITARY APPLICATIONS, INTEGRATED SYSTEMS, COMMERCE, DETECTORS, ACQUISITION, COMPUTER PROGRAMMING, COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE, THESES, DATA ACQUISITION, COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT, USER NEEDS, MOTIVATION, ADAPTATION, DELPHI TECHNIQUES
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) One part of the modern Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) is the possibility of a new form of warfare-often called information warfare. Development of information warfare depends on technological advances, systems development and adaptation of operational approaches and organizational structures. This thesis assesses the implications of information warfare for the technology and systems development areas, with the underlying motivation of ensuring the military is postured to win the information warfare RMA through effective research, development and acquisition. This assessment takes place primarily through a 'Delphi' process designed to generate discussion between selected information warfare experts about the impacts of information warfare. This thesis concludes that information warfare is largely dependent on commercial information technology. This dependence means the military should rely on the commercial sector for most technological advances and products-with government research funds focused on military-unique research areas. Use of commercial items, coupled with DoD standard architectures, may enable a decentralization of information warfare acquisition to the user level. Finally, this dependence means the acquisition system should focus on architecture development, technology insertion, systems integration and on managing functions and services of systems-primarily through development of operational software to run on mostly commercial hardware.
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ADA313450
Unifying' The Military Services - A Joint Challenge
Personal Author(s): Durbin, Robert E , Sr
Report Date: 19 May 1996 Media Count: 32 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), *MILITARY OPERATIONS, *COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, *JOINT MILITARY ACTIVITIES, COMBAT EFFECTIVENESS, DETECTORS, LEADERSHIP, WEAPON SYSTEMS, MILITARY CAPABILITIES, PRECISION, MILITARY COMMANDERS, STRIKE WARFARE, COOPERATION, AWARENESS, TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, INFORMATION SCIENCES
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) Joint operations require a certain amount of unifying of the services and this results in a natural struggle over autonomy. Unifying the military, to any degree, must address the distinct and enduring character of each service. The Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) revolves around the emerging technologies in information, sensors, and precision strike weaponry resulting in unprecedented precision in both the planning and execution of warfare. This RMA will overcome the natural struggle of autonomy between the services because enhanced speed, range, and precision, coupled with greater battlespace situational awareness, will facilitate interservice cooperative engagements. Each service can develop their unique capability or specialty within a common joint frame of reference allowing the armed forces to achieve enhanced levels of effectiveness in joint warfighting. The determinant causal factor will be our ability to embrace improved command and control capabilities within a common interservice framework. Within this common framework, the Service Chiefs will be able to preserve their organizational autonomy while the warfighting CINCs focus on the synergy (jointness) capable of being generated from the strengths of each service.
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ADA311483
CHINA AND THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
Personal Author(s): Gill, Bates ; Henley, Lonnie
Report Date: May 1996 Media Count: 64 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY CAPABILITIES, *MILITARY MODERNIZATION, *POLITICAL REVOLUTION, *CHINA, ECONOMICS, LIMITATIONS, RUSSIA, CULTURE, SOCIOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, INFORMATION SCIENCES
Identifiers: (U) MAOISM, CONFUCIANISM, TIYONG CONCEPT, PLA(PEOPLE'S LIBERATION ARMY), RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) The author of the first essay, 'China and the Revolution in Military Affairs: Assessing Economic and Socio-cultural Factors,' argues that, for a variety of reasons, China cannot seize the Revolution in Military Affairs. For example, China is missing a generation of educated men and women due to the excesses of the cultural revolution. The author of the second essay, 'China's Capacity for Achieving a Revolution in Military Affairs,' argues that China's limited capabilities of air and sea forces will not enable it to achieve the level of military capability demonstrated by the United States during the Gulf War.
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ADA309098
REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS: OPERATIONAL FIRES ON THE FUTURE BATTLEFIELD
Personal Author(s): Sullivan, Michael P
Report Date: 05 Apr 1996 Media Count: 30 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY OPERATIONS, *INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, *MILITARY APPLICATIONS, *STRIKE WARFARE, *TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, MILITARY FORCES(FOREIGN), BATTLEFIELDS, PRECISION, VISIBILITY, LETHALITY, ENEMY, MILITARY COMMANDERS
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), C4I(COMMAND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS COMPUTERS AND INTELLIGENCE)
Abstract: (U) The revolution in military affairs (RMA)is about change. The U.S. is in the midst of a RMA: a revolution in information, sensing and precision strike technologies. The RMA will allow friendly forces to locate enemy forces quickly and precisely, whether those enemies are agrarian, industrial, or an information age force. The key to the future battlefield is the operational commander's capability to locate, identify, outmaneuver and outshoot enemy forces. The RMA underway today is bringing unprecedented depth, transparency and lethality to the battlefield. The purpose of this paper is to analyze operational fire, sensor, and C41 systems and show that the result of this increased capability is the creation of a 'fatal visibility' on the future battlefield.
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ADA394324
THE THIRD WAVE: WHAT THE TOFFLERS NEVER TOLD YOU
Personal Author(s): Czerwinski, Thomas J
Report Date: Apr 1996 Media Count: 6 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *PHILOSOPHY, NONLINEAR ANALYSIS, TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) Although much of the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) debate centers on the notion that the Information Age represents a Third Wave paradigm shift, the Information Age is only one of the components of the Third Wave. The Third Wave is marked not by a paradigm shift, but the utter lack of a paradigm. Discussions about the RMA (or, as it is increasingly being called, Revolution in Security Affairs, as some call it) should reflect the specific conditions existing in the Third Wave, in this regard, the Tofflers' analysis is incomplete.
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ADA308745
STRATEGIC FORUM. NUMBER 72. THE THIRD WAVE: WHAT THE TOFFLERS NEVER TOLD YOU
Personal Author(s): Czerwinski, Thomas J
Report Date: Apr 1996 Media Count: 4 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *STRATEGIC ANALYSIS, *TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, *INFORMATION THEORY, NATIONAL SECURITY, MILITARY PUBLICATIONS, PERIODICALS
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) Although much of the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) debate centers on the notion that the Information Age represents a Third Wave paradigm shift, the Information Age is only one of the components of the Third Wave. The Third Wave is marked not by a paradigm shift, but the utter lack of a paradigm. Discussions about the RMA (or, as it is increasingly being called, Revolution in Security Affairs, as some call it) should reflect the specific conditions existing in the Third Wave, in this regard, the Tofflers' analysis is incomplete.
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ADA311527
TOWARD ASSESSMENT OF DOMINANT BATTLESPACE AWARENESS: A REMOTE SENSOR SYSTEM MODEL
Personal Author(s): Munson, Kenneth H , Jr
Report Date: Mar 1996 Media Count: 111 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *REMOTE DETECTORS, *ATTACK AIRCRAFT, *BALLISTIC MISSILE INTERCEPT SYSTEMS, *DECEPTION, COMMAND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS, SCENARIOS, GROUND LEVEL, CARGO VEHICLES, NATIONS, THEATER LEVEL OPERATIONS, GUIDED MISSILE LAUNCHERS, STRATEGIC ANALYSIS, ATTACK, THESES, PATTERNS, DECOYS, ENEMY, MILITARY PLANNING, SPACE WARFARE, GUIDED MISSILE DETECTION, GUIDED MISSILE MODELS, TRANSPORTER ERECTORS
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), DBA(DOMINANT BATTLESPACE AWARENESS), UGS(UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS), TEL(TRANSPORTER ERECTOR LAUNCHERS), C4I(COMMAND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS COMPUTERS INTELLIGENCE)
Abstract: (U) Two broad concepts have begun to permeate U.S. military strategic planning since the end of the Gulf War: the revolution in military affairs (RMA) and dominant battlespace awareness (DBA). An RMA represents a basic change in the conduct of warfare which incorporates new technologies, operational innovation and organizational changes. DBA refers to the military's ability to efficiently obtain and effectively use information to dominate an opposing force. This thesis is a study of a stylized warfare scenario involving elements of DBA and RMA. Specifically, U.S. attack aircraft attempt to prevent enemy transporter- erector-launchers (TELs) from harassing neighboring countries with theater ballistic missiles. The U.S. aircraft may be aided by use of unattended ground sensors (UGSs); the enemy TEL activities are correspondingly enhanced by decoy TELs. The model described allows the combat advantage of each side to be quantitatively compared. Trend analysis demonstrates the benefits of deception and the potential of UGSs.
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ADA307354
WEAPONS OF MASS DISRUPTION FOR THE OPERATIONAL INFO-WARRIOR
Personal Author(s): Killam, Timothy B
Report Date: 12 Feb 1996 Media Count: 24 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MASS DESTRUCTION WEAPONS, *INFORMATION THEORY, WEAPONS, MILITARY OPERATIONS, WARFARE, MASS, CONVENTIONAL WARFARE, COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, MILITARY APPLICATIONS, POWER, NATIONAL DEFENSE, PROPAGANDA
Identifiers: (U) *INFORMATION WARFARE, C2W(COMMAND AND CONTROL WARFARE), OODA(OBSERVATION ORIENTATION DECISION AND ACTION), WMD(WEAPONS OF MASS DISRUPTION)
Abstract: (U) The technological advances of the information age have the potential for drastically altering contemporary ideas about power and its application. Future conflict and warfare have become inextricably intertwined with the information realm of cyberspace. Information Warfare (IW) is the logical extension of applying new and unconventional technologies to power projection and national defense. However, 1W is not merely propaganda, command and control warfare (C2W), nor even simply a force multiplier in the operational toolbox. It is a way to control and attack the enemy's Observation, Orientation, Decision, and Action (OODA) loop. Instead of physically removing his 'center of gravity' C2 loop as in C2W and making him deaf, dumb, and blind, 1W seeks to manipulate the OODA and the cyberspace in which it exists to make the enemy deaf, dumb, and blind to anything except that which we permit him to hear, say, or see. The Weapons of Mass Disruption (WMD) provide a new and unique capability to render the enemy's operational forces impotent by short circuiting the OODA loop and controlling the enemy's decisions and hence his courses of action. When combined with traditional military operations in a conventional war or OOTW, the effect can be quick, devastating, and decisive.
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ADA441996
CHAOS, COMPLEXITY, AND THE MILITARY
Personal Author(s): Gore, John
Report Date: Jan 1996 Media Count: 15 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, *MILITARY APPLICATIONS, MILITARY OPERATIONS, GLOBAL, COMPUTATIONS, COMPUTERS, MATHEMATICS, MILITARY ART, DETERMINANTS(MATHEMATICS), DYNAMICS, THEORY, MECHANICS, NONLINEAR SYSTEMS, SHIFTING
Abstract: (U) This paper examines chaos and complexity theory two aspects of the "new science" that has sought to push beyond the Newtonian scientific paradigm that continues to define the core of Western scientific inquiry. Whereas the Newtonian paradigm is concerned with deterministic mechanics, linear causality, and reductionism, advancements in computers and computational mathematics. particularly over the past 20 or 30 years, have provided new tools for the study of non-linear dynamic processes. The new science postulates that structure and deterministic rules lie buried within nonlinear processes that have been largely unaccounted for by Newtonian concepts. Although still open to some significant challenges, the new science represents the potential for a more profound "paradigm shift" in the Western world view than Alvin and Heidi Toffler's popularized formulation of a deterministic, technology-driven, and historically simplistic "Third Wave" shift from an industrial to an information age.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA309650
FIELD ARTILLERY, THE ASCENDING BRANCH OF FORCE XXI
Personal Author(s): Miklos, Michael T
Report Date: 14 Dec 1995 Media Count: 117 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *ARTILLERY UNITS, *FIELD ARMY, WARFARE, UNITED STATES, THREATS, BATTLEFIELDS, WEAPON SYSTEMS, ACCURACY, PRECISION, COLD WAR, EVOLUTION(GENERAL), LETHALITY, MANEUVERS, FIRES, BATTLES, ARTILLERY
Identifiers: (U) FORCE 21
Abstract: (U) This study examines the implications of the evolution of technology on the employment of technology of the Field Artillery in Force XXI and beyond. Historically the Field Artillery has been the greatest killer on the battlefield. By 1870, according to J.F.C. Fuller, artillery gained predominance on the field of battle. The influence of technology has also caused the battlefield to continue to expand. Since then, the gradual evolution of technology caused the battlefield to continue to expand, and enabled the artillery system to develop the capability of achieving precision and accuracy. The accuracy allowed the artillery to place lethal fires on targets at extended ranges rather than just fight as an area weapon system. Since the fall end of the Cold War, the United States has shifted the direction of its military from a threat based force to a capabilities based force. This shift in focus and the development of weapons systems technologies have provided the Army with the opportunity to shift its warfighting paradigm from the primacy of the close battle to the deep battle. It is predicated on fighting primarily with fires rather than fire and maneuver. The paradigm shift will result in new relationships and roles within the branches of the Army and the force structure. This is even more critical as the military continues to develop its emphasis on joint warfare. In order to execute the new paradigm two events must occur. The first event is the intellectual shift to a new way of fighting. The second event is the continued development of technology. The process must begin in the execution of Force XXI, and continue until the force structure is in place. It is at this time that the shift can occur. Under the new paradigm, the Field Artillery will be placed in its dominate role as the greatest killer on the battlefield.
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ADA305812
DECISIONNET -- A PROTOTYPE DISTRIBUTED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM SERVER
Personal Author(s): King, Andrew S
Report Date: Sep 1995 Media Count: 79 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *PROTOTYPES, *COMPUTER NETWORKS, *DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, ALGORITHMS, GLOBAL, DECISION MAKING, COMPUTERS, THESES, USER NEEDS, HETEROGENEITY, CONSUMERS, INTERNET
Identifiers: (U) HTTP(HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL), SERVERS
Abstract: (U) This thesis documents the design and prototyping of DecisionNet -- a World Wide Web accessible decision support system server. Most decision support software is sold as a product. With DecisionNet, we attempt to shift this paradigm by providing decision support systems as a service vice a product. DecisionNet takes advantage of the hardware and software independence of the World Wide Web to provide connectivity between consumers, providers and DecisionNet. In the DecisionNet environment, the decision technology resides on and is executed by the provider's computer system. The consumer's data is set to the provider's computer via DecisionNet, allowing for anonymity of the consumer, automating the format conversions required for the decision technology, and minimizing the administration of user accounts for the provider.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA306723
EMPLOYMENT OF INDICATIONS AND WARNING INTELLIGENCE METHODS TO FORECAST A POTENTIALLY HOSTILE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
Personal Author(s): Morgan, Brent A
Report Date: Sep 1995 Media Count: 142 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *COMMAND CONTROL COMMUNICATIONS, *COMPUTERS, *INDICATORS, *POLITICAL REVOLUTION, *TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, *WARNING SYSTEMS, *COMMUNICATIONS INTELLIGENCE, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, ORGANIZATIONS, MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS, MILITARY DOCTRINE, THESES, INTEGRATION, MILITARY CAPABILITIES, THREAT EVALUATION, COMPUTER NETWORKS, INFORMATION THEORY, GUIDED WEAPONS, INFORMATION SCIENCES
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), C4I(COMMAND CONTROL COMMUNICATION COMPUTER AND INTELLIGENCE), INFORMATION WARFARE I&W(INDICATIONS AND WARNING)
Abstract: (U) The basic premise of a Revolution in Military Affairs is that changes in technology doctrine, and organization have the ability to render existing methods of warfare obsolete. Two distinct visions of a future RMA are beginning to emerge within the defense community. The first involves the integration of precision guided munitions, and superior command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I) capabilities. The second vision is of information warfare. In this arena, the control and management of bits and bytes becomes more important than bullets. Because of the potential advantages gained from the realization of an RMA, it is imperative that the United States detects, and accurately evaluates, any efforts by a potential adversary to achieve a RMA - whatever form it may take. Indications and Warning (I & W) intelligence is a process used by the intelligence community to detect indicators of potential threats while sufficient time exists to counter those same threats. This thesis examines 'how' and 'why' technology, doctrine, and organizations change in order to develop indicators that can be used to detect an emerging RMA.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA301169
A SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE FOR DEPENDABLE AND EVOLVABLE INDUSTRIAL COMPUTING SYSTEMS
Personal Author(s): Sha, Lui ; Rajkumar, Ragunathan ; Gagliardl, Michael
Report Date: Jul 1995 Media Count: 27 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, *COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE, *INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT, COMPUTER PROGRAMS, INDUSTRIES, RISK, DEFENSE SYSTEMS, COSTS, RELIABILITY, INSTALLATION, MISSIONS, SAFETY, OPERATION, COMPUTER NETWORKS, ONLINE SYSTEMS, DOWNTIME
Identifiers: (U) PE63756E
Abstract: (U) The downtime of a large industrial operation is often prohibitively expensive and a failure of a mission critical system could have disastrous consequences. Lacking an effective approach to mitigate the risks in system upgrades or to introduce third party supplied open system components, many industrial systems and defense systems are forced to keep outdated computing hardware and software. A paradigm shift is needed, from a focus on enabling technologies for completely new installations to one which is designed to mitigate the risk and cost of bringing new technology into functioning systems. Innovative technology is needed to support the task of technology insertion. Quickly and reliably turning unparalleled American innovations into industrial competitiveness and defense technological superiority is of strategic importance. The Simplex architecture has been developed to support safe and reliable online upgrade of hardware and software components in spite of errors in the new modules. This paper gives a brief overview of the underlying technologies.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA300237
THE ECONOMICS OF COMMERCIAL-MILITARY INTEGRATION AND DUAL-USE TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENTS
Personal Author(s): White, Richard H ; Tai, An-Jen ; Leach, David ; Santmire, Tara E ; Nash, Michael
Report Date: Jun 1995 Media Count: 154 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY REQUIREMENTS, *NATIONAL SECURITY, *COMMERCE, *MILITARY PROCUREMENT, *MILITARY BUDGETS, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, MARKETING, INVESTMENTS, ECONOMIC IMPACT, INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION, MILITARY RESEARCH, CONSUMERS
Abstract: (U) Reductions in the size of DoD budgets coupled with rapid technological change in the commercial world suggest that dramatic shifts in the strategies for producing and acquiring weapons systems are needed. The Department of Defense must move towards integrating the commercial and military industrial bases which grew apart during the Cold War in order to capture the technological benefits and production efficiencies of the commercial world. This must be done as part of a paradigm shift which includes acquisition reform as well as revolutions in the research, design, and development of weapons systems. To be successful, the Department must pay close attention to how the private sector operates, and seek to modify DoD's method of 'doing business' to more greatly harmonize with commercial practices.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA298321
THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS AND OPERATIONAL MANEUVER FROM THE SEA
Personal Author(s): Huston, James V
Report Date: Jun 1995 Media Count: 24 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *NAVAL OPERATIONS, *MANEUVERS, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), THESES, COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, JOINT MILITARY ACTIVITIES
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), OMFTS(OPERATIONAL MANEUVER FROM THE SEA)
Abstract: (U) RMAs consist of technological advances, operational innovation, and organizational adaptation which combine to transition to a new form of warfare. OMFTS is a new concept which applies the principles of maneuver warfare to maritime power protection. This paper asks whether OMFTS is an appropriate concept for exploiting new technology, what changes need to be made, organizational implications, and recommendations for implementation. With a few changes, OMFTS can leverage the new technology associate with RMA for Naval operations. Combined with CWC and Battlespace Dominance, OMFTS can provide a compelling vision for employment of Naval Forces. (MM)
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA294449
WHITHER SOVEREIGNTY
Personal Author(s): Wansink, Michael A
Report Date: Apr 1995 Media Count: 50 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *POLITICAL SCIENCE, *HISTORY, *ORGANIZATION THEORY, ECONOMIC IMPACT, ECONOMICS, SOCIETIES, CROSS CULTURE(SOCIOLOGY), SYNTHESIS, DEMOGRAPHY, ETHICS, HYPOTHESES, CIVILIAN POPULATION, SOCIOLOGY
Identifiers: (U) *PARADIGM SHIFT, *POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY, NATIONS, NATIONALISM, ECONOMIC CHANGE, POLITICAL POWER, CULTURE SHIFT, FIRST WAVE SOCIETIES, SECOND WAVE SOCIETIES, THIRD WAVE SOCIETIES, SOVEREIGNTY, SOCIAL DYNAMICS, GLOBALISM, NEW WORLD ORDER, STATE(POLITICAL SCIENCE)
Abstract: (U) The paper examines the evolution of sovereignty from the time of its initial concept in the sixteenth century, and challenges some of the assumptions about the identifiable elements of the notion. Whereas, the original and more classical interpretation was one of legal and moral spheres to serve the needs of a territorially specific populace, the nature of sovereignty has been influenced by the evolution of social dynamics, increasingly global economics, accelerating technological change and shifting cultural (as opposed to national) affiliations. The effect of these influences questions the utility of sovereignty to serve the needs and aspirations of the people in various societies. A hypothesis based on a synthesis of studies of organizational innovation and cultural groupings is proposed which links the pertinence of today's concept of sovereignty to First, Second and Third Wave societies and their respective abilities to adjust to the realities of the New World Order.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA292013
REVOLUTIONS IN MILITARY AFFAIRS, PARADIGM SHIFTS, AND DOCTRINE
Personal Author(s): Tritten, James J
Report Date: 14 Feb 1995 Media Count: 39 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY DOCTRINE, *NAVAL PLANNING, *ORGANIZATION THEORY, WARFARE, MODELS, NAVY, THEORY, PATTERNS, CONFLICT, MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS, TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), PARADIGM SHIFT, LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS, EPISTEMOLOGY, DIALECTICS, PARADIGMS, COGNITIVE DISSONANCE, NAVAL DOCTRINE
Abstract: (U) This report provides a description of the role that military and naval doctrine can play in revolutions in military affairs (RMAs) and associated warfare paradigm shifts. Reviewing lessons of past RMA's and paradigm shifts, the report postulates a need for theory to better understand the nature of revolutions in military affairs and paradigm shifts. The major conclusion of the report is that the leading role afforded technology in revolutions in military affairs is an incomplete model. Doctrine can shape and dramatically effect an RMA, and it does not only passively respond to technology changes. This study also develops naval versions of the classic land oriented RMAs. Finally, the report suggests that military organizations need to become 'learning organizations.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA292133
EVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
Personal Author(s): Hayes, Bradd C
Report Date: Feb 1995 Media Count: 12 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY DOCTRINE, *NAVAL PLANNING, *MILITARY FORCE LEVELS, *MARINE ENGINEERING, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), NAVAL AVIATION, RISK, NAVAL VESSELS, THREATS, WEAPON SYSTEMS, NAVY, PROBABILITY, FORECASTING, THREAT EVALUATION, NAVAL OPERATIONS, MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS, ADVANCED WEAPONS
Identifiers: (U) NAVAL FORCE STRUCTURE, RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY, NAVAL DOCTRINE, POST COLD WAR ERA
Abstract: (U) This memorandum argues for a cautious approach in changes to military doctrine, force structure and organizations.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA295088
THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS AND THE POLITICS OF INNOVATION IN THE U.S. NAVY
Personal Author(s): Sloan, Steven E
Report Date: Dec 1994 Media Count: 94 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *LEADERSHIP, *MILITARY DOCTRINE, *NAVAL PLANNING, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), UNCERTAINTY, MILITARY STRATEGY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, NATIONAL SECURITY, MODELS, NAVY, FORECASTING, THESES, CAREERS, COLD WAR, NAVAL OPERATIONS, RESOURCES, NAVAL WARFARE, MILITARY MODERNIZATION, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Identifiers: (U) TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, ADVANCED MATERIALS, POST COLD WAR ERA, NEW WORLD ORDER, INNOVATION, MTR(MILITARY TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION), RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS)
Abstract: (U) This thesis examines past theories of military and naval innovation in an effort to draw lessons from which today's naval leaders can foster innovation in the United States Navy. There is a natural tendancy to resist change unless it is disguised as doing the same thing better. Understanding the process can help encourage innovation advocates or zealots as they are often called, who are necessary for true change. In this period immediately following the Cold War there is uncertainty over future roles and missions, because our primary adversary has diminished in power. Yet, the United States Navy has embraced a revolutionary strategy causing the maritime forces to look to shoreward, instead of seaward. It is too early to tell if the new strategy and the accompanying doctrine (not yet published) will he successful. However, there are signals one can look for to see if the Navy is committing its resources to support its announced shift in focus. Old combat arms will be disrupted, or eliminated. A new career path should emerge in which the best and brightest junior officers stake their future.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA286195
STRATEGIC FORUM, NUMBER 11. THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
Report Date: Nov 1994 Media Count: 4 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *NATIONAL SECURITY, *INFORMATION SYSTEMS, *DEFENSE PLANNING, *ECONOMIC WARFARE, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), MILITARY OPERATIONS, WARFARE, INFORMATION TRANSFER, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, MILITARY MODERNIZATION, STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE, TRANSFORMATIONS, CHINA, ASIA, TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, ADVANCED WEAPONS, MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS, THREAT EVALUATION, FORECASTING, ECONOMICS, STRATEGY, COMPETITION, NATIONS, SYMPOSIA
Identifiers: (U) *MTR(MILITARY TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION), *RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), POST COLD WAR ERA, NEW WORLD ORDER, ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, STRATEGIC PLANNING
Abstract: (U) The Conference Conclusions were: The most fundamental strategic challenge to the U.S. military is to convert the Military-Technological Revolution, the impact of information technologies on warfare into a Revolution in Military Affairs the subsequent transformation of operations and organizations. Although the U.S. military's grasp of the MTR is unquestioned, optimism that the United States will lead others in converting the MTR to an RMA is premature. The core debate at the Conference was over the relative importance of today's small but irksome military tasks compared to potentially more critical but totally unknown tasks that may face the nation two decades from now. Although information technologies going into military systems have generally been no better, and often less current, than those of commercial systems available for military use, converting data into information remains a highly sophisticated art at which the United States excels. Other nations with clearer strategic purpose and less sunk capital at risk from an RMA could be the leaders in this new race. The United States would be better off it those nations were to waste decades trying to copy what they thought we could do in the 1990s rather than seeking to leapfrog us by grasping thru RMA before we do
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA288792
THE POLITICS OF NAVAL INNOVATION
Personal Author(s): Hayes, Bradd C , Smith, Douglas V
Report Date: 01 Aug 1994 Media Count: 112 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *WEAPON SYSTEMS, *PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, MILITARY STRATEGY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, MILITARY DOCTRINE, NAVY, CASE STUDIES, CRUISE MISSILES, COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, MILITARY RESEARCH, SHIP DEFENSE SYSTEMS, NAVAL PLANNING, FIRE CONTROL SYSTEMS
Identifiers: (U) TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), BGM-109 MISSILES, TOMAHAWK CRUISE MISSILES, MARK-7 WEAPON SYSTEM, AEGIS FIRE CONTROL SYSTEM, 4
Abstract: (U) This study examines how innovations in technology and doctrine can help trigger revolutions in military affairs by studying historical cases of how technologically advanced systems found their way from the drawing board to the fleet. The cases studied are the Tomahawk cruise missile and the Aegis combat system. The research analyzes the advocacy techniques used to advance these systems and does so through a combined political science/organizational theory lens.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA283836
THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS AND CONFLICT SHORT OF WAR
Personal Author(s): Metz, Steven ; Kievit, James
Report Date: 25 Jul 1994 Media Count: 48 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *WARFARE, *MILITARY STRATEGY, *FORECASTING, *MILITARY DOCTRINE, MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), TERRORISM, TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, DRUG INTERDICTION, CRIMES, LOW INTENSITY CONFLICT, ADVANCED WEAPONS, UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE, NATIONAL SECURITY, GEOPOLITICS, COUNTERFORCES(MILITARY)
Identifiers: (U) LPN-ACN-94021, RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), POST COLD WAR ERA, FUTURE WARS, OOTW(OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR), PEACEMAKING, PEACEKEEPING, NONLETHAL WEAPONS, DETECTORS, POLITICAL CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS, ORGANIZED CRIME, COUNTER NARCOTICS
Abstract: (U) Many American strategic thinkers believe that we are in the beginning stages of a historical revolution in military affairs (RMA). This will not only change the nature of warfare, but also alter the global geopolitical balance. To date, most attention has fallen on the opportunities provided by the RMA rather than its risks, costs, and unintended consequences. In the arena of conflict short of war, these risks, costs, and unintended consequences may outweight the potential benefits. The Cold War notion of conflict short of war is obsolete. Politically and militarily, the Third World of the future will be full of danger. The future will most likely be dominated by peace enforcement in failed states, new forms of insurgency and terrorism, and 'gray area phenomena.' Many if not most Third World states will fragment into smaller units. Ungovernability and instability will be the norm with power dispersed among warlords, primal militias, and well-organized politico-criminal organizations. U.S. policy in the Third World is likely to be more selective and the U.S. homeland may no longer provide sanctuary. Renewed external support will restore the lagging proficiency of insurgents and terrorists. Emerging technology will have less impact on conflict short of war than on conventional, combined-arms warfare. It will, however, have some role.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA283588
WHITHER THE RMA: TWO PERSPECTIVES ON TOMORROW'S ARMY
Personal Author(s): Bracken, Paul ; Alcala, Raoul H
Report Date: 22 Jul 1994 Media Count: 54 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY DOCTRINE, *ARMY PLANNING, *MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS, WEAPONS, NATIONS, ACQUISITION, INTERNATIONAL POLITICS, STRUCTURES, EXTERNAL, INTERNATIONAL, MILITARY FORCE LEVELS, DOCTRINE, TECHNOLOGY FORECASTING, ADVANCED WEAPONS, INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, ARMY, DOMESTIC, POWER, THREAT EVALUATION, ECONOMICS, TRAINING, THREATS, ARMY TRAINING
Identifiers: (U) *REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS, RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), FUTURE WARS, POST COLD WAR ERA, NEW WORLD ORDER, FORCE STRUCTURE, INDUSTRIAL BASE, ECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS, MILITARY POWER, EXTERNAL THREATS
Abstract: (U) The authors present two different views of the Army's future. One author contends that the Army will be shaped by domestic concerns as much as by external threats, and that military power will remain a dominant factor in determining the status of nations. The other holds that doctrines will provide the basis for force structure, training, and weapons acquisition, and that the Army's ability to stay intellectually ahead of the technology will be, perhaps, its greatest challenge in the next century. Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) , Domestic concerns, External threats, Economic power, Military power, International relations, Technology.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA283589
TWO HISTORIANS IN TECHNOLOGY AND WAR
Personal Author(s): Howard, Michael ; Guilmartin, Jr , John F
Report Date: 20 Jul 1994 Media Count: 55 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY HISTORY, *MILITARY PLANNING, *CATALYTIC CONFLICT(WARFARE), WARFARE, MILITARY STRATEGY, ADVANCED WEAPONS, STRATEGY, FORECASTING, HISTORY, MILITARY TRAINING
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTIONS, TECHNOLOGICAL WARFARE, TECHNOLOGY
Abstract: (U) In April 1994, the Army War College's Strategic Studies Institute held its annual Strategy Conference. The theme for this year's conference was 'The Revolution in Military Affairs: Defining an Army for the 21st Century. New technology is one of the most compelling aspects of the current Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). Technological advanced has offered advantages to one side or another at various times since the dawn of history and the advent of armed conflict. The Army must understand this revolution in all of its parts. Just as importantly, professional soldiers must retain their professional perspective and avoid becoming enchanted with technology. While technologically sophisticated weapons can help secure victory, technology in and of itself cannot win wars. Ultimately, wars are won or lost in the minds of soldiers and their leaders. Soldiers can learn about warfare from either personal experience or from studying history. The study of the history of warfare provides the student with an opportunity to examine critical aspects of warmaking without the risk. Fortunately for those who study the reasons for, and results of, conflict, this year's Strategy Conference began with a keynote address by one of the world's foremost military historians, Sir Michael Howard. His address was followed, in the first formal session, by a paper presented by Dr. John F. Guilmartin, Jr. who analyzed the technological limits of strategy
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA283587
ANOTHER VIEW OF THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
Personal Author(s): Cooper, Jeffrey R
Report Date: 15 Jul 1994 Media Count: 57 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *DEFENSE PLANNING, *DOCTRINE, STRATEGY, THEORY, PLANNING, MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS, ADAPTATION, MILITARY PLANNING, BENEFITS
Identifiers: (U) *REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS, RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), MILITARY TECHNICAL REVOLUTION, INFORMATION REVOLUTION, INFORMATION WARFARE
Abstract: (U) The author urges defense planners to determine what strategic--as opposed to operational--benefits might be derived from the Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA). He cautions against being so focused on the technology of the RMA as to divert attention from the critical relationships between purpose, strategy, doctrine, operational innovation and organizational adaptation. He concludes that making the internal reforms that will be required will be as challenging as coming to terms with the operational and strategic implications of the new technologies. Revolution in military affairs, Technologically-driven phenomena, Military technical revolution, Information revolution, Technical legacy.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA281196
THE OWL OF MINERVA FLIES AT TWILIGHT: DOCTRINAL CHANGE AND CONTINUITY AND THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
Personal Author(s): Jablonsky, David
Report Date: May 1994 Media Count: 90 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY OPERATIONS, *MILITARY DOCTRINE, *CONTINUITY, PRECISION, MILITARY TRAINING, VIETNAM, PRECISION BOMBING
Identifiers: (U) *REVOLUTIONS, LPN-AWC/SSI-ACN-94014, MTR(MILITARY TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION), RMA(REVOLUTIONS IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES, PRECISION STRIKE WEAPONRY, COMMUNICATION INFORMATION BREAKTHROUGHS, VIETNAM WAR
Abstract: (U) Revolutions in military affairs (RMA) are caused by changes in technology and the concomitant adjustments of doctrine and training to those changes. The author argues that continuity is also an essential ingredient of the revolution, particularly as it applies to the overall U.S. military doctrinal framework that has evolved since the Vietnam War. A mix of continuity and change in that framework will carry it well and effectively into the current RMA. Significant problems could arise, particularly in terms of using the fruits of the revolution to apply force across the range of military operations. But, the author concludes, those problems, as in past RMAs, have more to do with politics and civil-military relations and cannot be fully addressed by military doctrine alone. Military Technological Revolution(MTR), Revolution in military affairs, Information technologies, Precision strike weaponry, Communication- information breakthroughs
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA262631
CAN WE TALK? TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AT THE TACTICAL LEVEL OF WAR
Personal Author(s): Stoner, John K
Report Date: 19 Dec 1992 Media Count: 60 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *LEADERSHIP, *BATTLEFIELDS, *COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS, CONTROL, DEPLOYMENT, CONTROL SYSTEMS, DISPERSING, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, THEORY, CASE STUDIES, TENSION, OPERATION, POWER, MONITORS
Identifiers: (U) *TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, SCIENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL CONTROL, ARTS OF COMMAND AND LEADERSHIP, COMBAT POWER, LEADERSHIP STYLES, COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY, IVIS(INTER VEHICULAR INFORMATION SYSTEM)
Abstract: (U) This monograph examines the tension between the science of increased technological control and the art of the demands of command and leadership on the modern battlefield. Specifically, it analyzes the potential for battalion commanders to exercise transformational leadership if they have the ability to monitor the locations and activity of all their subordinates. The monograph is introduced with a brief presentation of the character of combat on the lethal battlefields of the future. It goes on to show that these conditions will require units to execute dispersed operations in order to survive -- only massing to generate combat power before quickly dispersing again. The assertion is made that fighting wars with these methods will require leaders to develop leadership styles, such as transformational leadership, which empower their dispersed subordinates to exercise unprecedented individual initiative. The question of how the increased technological capacity to control will affect such leadership styles at the tactical level of war is then posed. A thorough examination of the evolution of transformational leadership theory in the early 1980's follows the introduction. Brief case studies are presented which highlight the potential for transformational leadership in political, corporate, and military settings. Current developments in communications technology are then considered with special emphasis on improvements in synchronization and generation of combat power. A more thorough examination of the communications capabilities of the Inter-Vehicular Information System (IVIS) demonstrates that the deployment of an automated command and control system can lead to improved synchronization on the lethal battlefield of the future....Leadership, Transformational leadership, Communications technology, IVIS.
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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ADA394793
THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS
Personal Author(s): Libicki, Martin ; Hazlett, James
Report Date: Jan 1990 Media Count: 5 Page(s)
Descriptors: (U) *MILITARY FORCES(UNITED STATES), *TRANSFORMATIONS, MILITARY OPERATIONS, MILITARY DOCTRINE, MILITARY PLANNING
Identifiers: (U) RMA(REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS), MTR(MILITARY TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUATION)
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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Bibliographies
Shifting Paradigms & Disruptive Technology
ADM001880, Fall 2006

DEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER

8725 John J. Kingman Road, Suite 0944, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-6218

Bibliographies Shifting Paradigms & Disruptive Technology ADM001880, Fall 2006

DEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER

8725 John J. Kingman Road, Suite 0944, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-6218

Bibliographies
Shifting Paradigms & Disruptive Technology
ADM001880, Fall 2006