Ticket to Work Evaluation (January 2006)

What's New

Major Activities

Demonstrations

Projects & Studies

Research & Data

Work Incentive Policy

More Information

About Us

Red Book

Organization Chart

APPENDIX B
Beneficiary Participation Statistics

This appendix presents statistics on beneficiary participation in the TTW program, supplementing the information presented in Chapter II. Section A describes how administrative data were used to construct or define key variables. Section B presents statistics on beneficiary participation during the rollout period. Section C explores the relationship between TTW participation rates and beneficiary characteristics.

A. ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

The statistics in this appendix were developed from analytic administrative data files that we have developed for purposes of conducting the TTW evaluation. These files contain extensive information on 100 percent of persons who have received DI or SSI benefits in any month from January 1996 through, at the time of this report, March 2004—over 16 million beneficiaries in all. All of the statistics presented here are based on 100 percent of the relevant population; hence, they are population statistics, rather than estimates. To construct these files, MPR extracted and merged information from several SSA administrative files: the Management Information Universe File (MI Universe File), the Disability Control File, the Master Beneficiary Record (DI), the Supplemental Security Record (SSI), the Numident File, and the 831 and 832/33 Disability Files. Table B.1 details how we used various data sources to define key variables used in our analyses.

Table B.1. Definitions

Variable	Definition	Notes	Source File
All Eligible Beneficiaries	Beneficiaries were classified as eligible if they: had begun participating in SSI or DI by August 2003 AND were eligible to participate in the Ticket program as of March 2004 AND had been mailed a Ticket by March 2004 (TKTMAILDDT)	March 2004 Beneficiaries became ineligible as they aged out, died, or were terminated from the Ticket program (perhaps due to a medical improvement)	Combination of MBR, SSI-LF, and MI Universe File.
Eligibility Status on Initial Selection Date	Used Ticket Selection Date (TKTSLTDDT1) New beneficiaries: any selection date other than one of the mass selection dates Existing beneficiaries: selected to receive Ticket as part of mass selection operation (dates: 1/12/2002, 10/26/2002, or 10/18/2003)	Ticket Selection Date	MI Universe File
Title	Classifications were used directly from SSA data (CURTKTTITLE). DI Only: 1 SSI Only: 3 Concurrent: 2 Records with values other than 1, 2, or 3 were excluded	March 2004	MI Universe File
Sex	Classifications based on the SSA variable SEX. Male = “M” Female = “F”	August 2003	Combination of MBR and SSI-LF files.
Age (also used for “Age in Years – Broad Ranges”)	Calculated as of most recent Ticket mail date (TKTMAILDDT), with Date of Birth (TKTDOB). Age = (Most Recent Ticket Mail Date – Date of Birth) / 365	Ticket Mail Date	MI Universe File
Months Since Ticket Mailed	The number of months between the most recent Ticket mail month (TKTMAILDDT) and March 2004.	March 2004	MI Universe File
Months on Disability Rolls	For DI-only beneficiaries: the number of months between Most Recent Mail Date (TKTMAILDDT) and Date of Initial Entitlement (DOIE). For SSI-only beneficiaries: the number of months between Most Recent Mail Date (TKTMAILDDT) and First Eligibility Date (MINELGRD). For concurrent beneficiaries: the number of months between Most Recent Mail Date and the earlier of First Eligibility Date (from SSI-LF) or Date of Initial Entitlement (from MBR).¹	March 2004	Combination of MBR, SSI-LF, and MI Universe File.
Language for Communication with SSA	Note: this item has large numbers of missing values as these data are often collected only when the beneficiary’s primary language is not English (T2LANG and T16LANG). SSA offers written communications in English or Spanish. Beneficiaries classified as “other” typically need assistance in communication, most often because of communication impairments English: E or 01 Spanish: S or 02 Other: any other value Missing: blank	August 2003	MBR and SSI-LF
Race/Ethnicity	Classifications are from SSA’s RACE variable: Asian/Pacific Islander: A Black (not Hispanic): B or N Hispanic: H Native American/Alaskan: I White: W Coded as Other: O Missing: blank, missing, or any other value	August 2003	MBR and SSI-LF
Years of Education	Based on the SSA variable ED. The value is missing for a large number of cases. Recoded as: 0–8: ‘00’, ‘ZZ’, ‘99’, ‘01’ thru ‘08’, ‘1’ thru ‘8’ 9–11: ‘09’ thru ‘11’, ‘9’ thru ‘11’ 12: ‘12’ 13–15: ‘13’ thru ‘15’ 16+: ‘16’ and onwards Missing: blank or any other character value	Ticket Mail Date or August 2003, whichever was earlier.	831/2/3
Primary Disabling Condition	Codes from SSA data (PRMYDIAG) were grouped as follows: 1. Respiratory system: 4600–5199 2. Circulatory system: 3900–4599, 3750–3759 3. Musculoskeletal system: 7100–7399 4. Digestive system: 5200–5799 5. Neoplasms: 1400–2399 6. Endocrine/nutritional: 2400–2479, 2490–2799 7. Skin/subcutaneous tissue: 6800–7099 8. Missing: 0000–019, 1360–1369, 2480–2489, 6490–6499, 6770–6779, 6780–6789, 6790–6799, 9990–9999, or blank 9. Other: 3030–3049, 3152–3153, 6300–6489, 6500–6769, 7600–7839, 7850–7999 10. Other mental disorders: 2900–2949, 2970–3029, 3050–3151, 3154–3169, and 3195 11. HIV/AIDS: 0420–0449 12. Blood/blood-forming diseases: 2800–2899 13. Mental retardation : 3170–3194, 3196–3199 14. Infectious & parasitic diseases: 0020–0419, 0450–1359, 1370–1399 15. Nervous system: 3200–3609, 3700–3749, 3760–3779, 3790–3889 16. Major affective disorders: 2960–2969 17. Genitourinary system: 5800–6299 18. Injuries: 8000–9989 19. Schizophrenia/psychoses/neur : 2950–2959 20. Severe visual impairment: 3610–3699, 3780–3789 21. Congenital anomalies: 7400–7599 22. Severe hearing impairment: 3890– 3899 23. Severe speech impairment: 7840–7849	March 2004	MI Universe File
Benefit Amount	Monthly benefit amounts for SSDI and SSI were summed, regardless of whether the beneficiary was classified as DI-only, SSI-only, or concurrent. Monthly benefit amounts were obtained as follows: DI: Monthly Benefit Credited (MBC) SSI: the sum of Federal Money Paid Amount (FEDPMT) and State Supplementation Amount (STATPMT) The resulting amounts were grouped as follows: $0 (benefit amount data were entered as $0) > $0 and <= $250 > $250 and <= $500 > $500 and <= $750 > $750 and <= $1000 > $1000 Missing (no benefit amount was entered)	Ticket Mail Date or August 2003, whichever was earlier.	MBR or SSI-LF
Adjudicative Level of Allowance	Based on SSA's adjudicative level variable (AL). Initial Determination: 1 Reconsideration: 2, 3 Higher level of appeal: 4, 5, 6	Ticket Mail Date or August 2003, whichever was earlier.	831/2/3
Extended Period of Eligibility	The EPE flag is an annual flag and was calculated only for DI and concurrent beneficiaries, using LAF codes and earnings data from SER, as follows: 1. Count the number of months in 2002 with LAF (payment code)= S7; call it MTHS_S7. 2. Determine monthly SGA level for beneficiary in 2002, taking into account whether the beneficiary is blind. 3. Calculate Adjusted SGA (ASGA) by multiplying SGA amount by MTHS_S7. 4. For beneficiaries with ASGA > 0, retrieve FY2002 annual earnings from SER. 5. If FY2002 annual earnings > ASGAyy, set EPE_flag to 1, else set EPE_flag to 0. Categories in table: SSI only: not applicable DI and not in EPE: EPE_flag = 0 DI and in EPE: EPE_flag = 1 DI and EPE status unknown: EPE_flag not = 1 or 0	Ticket Mail Date	MBR, SER
Section 1619	Section 1619 is only applicable to SSI beneficiaries. 1619(a) information is derived from STCONCATM (SSI-LF) and 1619(b) information is derived from MEDC (REMICS and SORD) Categories in table: DI only – Section 1619 not applicable SSI and 1619(a): STCONCATM = 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S’, 'W', 'X', 'Y', or 'Z' SSI and 1619(b): MEDC = ‘C’ SSI – not in 1619: not in 1619(a) OR not in 1619(b) SSI and 1619 status unknown: residual category	Ticket Mail Date or August 2003, whichever was earlier.	SSI-LF, REMICS, SORD
State of Residence	Based on zip codes. Historical zip codes were extracted from the ZIP files for DI-only beneficiaries and from the REMICS and SORD files for SSI and concurrent beneficiaries. The zip codes were transformed into state codes using a built-in SAS function. Sometimes the zip code could not be resolved to a state. If a state code was not available for the designated month, the code from a previous or later month was used in its place.	Ticket Mail Date or March 2004, depending on availability.	ZIP files, REMICS, SORD
County Characteristics	Historical zip codes were extracted from the ZIP files for DI-only beneficiaries and from the REMICS and SORD files for SSI and concurrent beneficiaries. The zip codes were transformed into state and county codes using a built-in SAS function. Sometimes the zip code could not be resolved to a state and county. If a county code was not available for the designated month, the code from a previous or later month was used in its place.	Ticket Mail Date or August 2003, whichever was earlier.	ZIP files, REMICS, SORD

B. INFORMATION ON PARTICIPATION DURING ROLLOUT

The figures in Chapter II, Section A, are based on tables in this section.

Table B.2. Ticket Mailings by Month and Phase (Supports Figure II.1)

	Phase 1	Phase 2	Phase 3
February-02	238,511	411	416
March-02	968	1	1
April-02	367,225	1,593	1,776
May-02	615,126	3,009	3,282
June-02	746,823	4,655	5,315
July-02	151,437	884	933
August-02	151,098	1,049	1,217
September-02	155,991	556	728
October-02	154,346	556	1379
November-02	32,640	263,060	1212
December-02	19,558	2,604	241
January-03	12,216	268,013	4,584
February-03	13,053	270,586	2,560
March-03	19,352	270,322	1,972
April-03	17,068	275,568	2,239
May-03	14,381	278,908	2,564
June-03	21,065	281,161	1,848
July-03	16,431	283,430	2,124
August-03	14,030	282,498	4,639
September-03	23,477	286,494	5,406
October-03	22,329	0	1,393
November-03	38,037	66,009	339,730
December-03	17,838	19,072	3,133
January-04	21,663	23,425	350,907
February-04	21,383	23,045	350,908
March-04	22,401	24,332	358,599

Source: April 2004 extract from SSA’s MI Universe File.

Table B.3. Participation Rate by Months Since Rollout Start, Provider Type, Payment Type, and Phase (Supports Figures II.2, II.3, II.5)

Months Since Rollout	Month, Year	Total	Provider Type		Payment Type
Months Since Rollout	Month, Year	Total	SVRA	EN	Trad.	M+O	Out. Only
Phase 1 States
0	Feb-02	0.06%	0.05%	0.01%	0.04%	0.02%	0.00%
1	Mar-02	0.35	0.31	0.04	0.29	0.05	0.01
2	Apr-02	0.24	0.20	0.04	0.19	0.04	0.01
3	May-02	0.21	0.17	0.04	0.16	0.04	0.01
4	Jun-02	0.23	0.19	0.04	0.18	0.04	0.01
5	Jul-02	0.30	0.25	0.05	0.24	0.06	0.01
6	Aug-02	0.37	0.31	0.06	0.30	0.07	0.01
7	Sep-02	0.41	0.35	0.06	0.33	0.07	0.01
8	Oct-02	0.46	0.40	0.07	0.38	0.07	0.01
9	Nov-02	0.49	0.43	0.07	0.40	0.07	0.01
10	Dec-02	0.52	0.45	0.07	0.43	0.08	0.01
11	Jan-03	0.57	0.50	0.07	0.48	0.08	0.02
12	Feb-03	0.60	0.53	0.07	0.50	0.08	0.02
13	Ma-03	0.63	0.56	0.07	0.53	0.08	0.02
14	Apr-03	0.68	0.61	0.07	0.58	0.08	0.02
15	May-03	0.73	0.66	0.07	0.63	0.08	0.02
16	Jun-03	0.78	0.71	0.07	0.67	0.08	0.02
17	Jul-03	0.83	0.76	0.07	0.72	0.08	0.02
18	Aug-03	0.88	0.81	0.07	0.77	0.09	0.02
19	Sep-03	0.92	0.85	0.07	0.81	0.09	0.02
20	Oct-03	0.96	0.89	0.07	0.84	0.09	0.02
21	Nov-03	0.98	0.91	0.07	0.86	0.09	0.02
22	Dec-03	1.02	0.94	0.07	0.90	0.09	0.03
23	Jan-04	1.05	0.98	0.07	0.93	0.09	0.03
24	Feb-04	1.08	1.01	0.08	0.96	0.10	0.03
25	Mar-04	1.12	1.04	0.08	0.99	0.10	0.03
Phase 2 States
0	Nov-02	0.04%	0.03%	0.01%	0.03%	0.01%	0.00%
1	Dec-02	0.10	0.07	0.03	0.06	0.02	0.01
2	Jan-03	0.10	0.07	0.03	0.07	0.02	0.01
3	Feb-03	0.13	0.09	0.03	0.08	0.03	0.01
4	Ma-03	0.17	0.13	0.04	0.12	0.04	0.01
5	Apr-03	0.21	0.16	0.04	0.15	0.05	0.01
6	May-03	0.24	0.19	0.05	0.17	0.05	0.01
7	Jun-03	0.27	0.22	0.05	0.20	0.05	0.02
8	Jul-03	0.30	0.25	0.05	0.23	0.06	0.02
9	Aug-03	0.33	0.28	0.05	0.25	0.06	0.02
10	Sep-03	0.35	0.30	0.05	0.27	0.06	0.02
11	Oct-03	0.40	0.35	0.06	0.31	0.07	0.02
12	Nov-03	0.43	0.38	0.06	0.34	0.07	0.02
13	Dec-03	0.47	0.41	0.06	0.37	0.08	0.02
14	Jan-04	0.51	0.44	0.06	0.40	0.08	0.03
15	Feb-04	0.54	0.47	0.06	0.43	0.08	0.03
16	Mar-04	0.58	0.51	0.07	0.46	0.09	0.03
Phase 3 States
0	Nov-03	0.27%	0.25%	0.02%	0.24%	0.02%	0.00%
1	Dec-03	0.63	0.60	0.03	0.58	0.05	0.00
2	Jan-04	0.46	0.42	0.03	0.40	0.05	0.00
3	Feb-04	0.42	0.38	0.04	0.36	0.05	0.01
4	Mar-04	0.43	0.39	0.04	0.36	0.06	0.01

Source: January 2005 extract from SSA’s Disability Control File.
Note: This table was updated to adjust for lags in reporting of Ticket assignments.

Table B.4. First Assignments by Months Since Rollout Start, Provider Type, and Phase (Supports Figure II.4)

	Phase I States				Phase II States
Months Since Rollout	Calendar Month	Total	Provider Type		Calendar Month	Total	Provider Type
Months Since Rollout	Calendar Month	Total	SVRA	EN	Calendar Month	Total	SVRA	EN
0	Feb-02	119	95	24	Nov-02	51	38	13
1	Mar-02	660	582	78139	Dec-02	155	99	56
2	Apr-02	603	464	221	Jan-03	257	193	64
3	May-02	1062	841	325	Feb-03	449	319	130
4	Jun-02	1856	1531	341291	Ma-03	760	599	161
5	Jul-02	1795	1454	176	Apr-03	892	709	183
6	Aug-02	1979	1688	182	May-03	1023	871	152
7	Sep-02	1382	1206	140	Jun-03	1205	1033	172
8	Oct-02	1996	1814	87	Jul-03	1383	1193	190
9	Nov-02	957	817	128	Aug-03	1429	1247	182
10	Dec-02	774	687	96	Sep-03	1480	1268	212
11	Jan-03	1383	1255	128	Oct-03	1385	1231	154
12	Feb-03	790	694	96	Nov-03	992	879	113
13	Ma-03	828	770	58	Dec-03	1031	912	119
14	Apr-03	1394	1324	70	Jan-04	1011	925	86
15	May-03	1556	1484	72	Feb-04	864	800	64
16	Jun-03	1305	1240	65	Mar-04	1117	1040	77
17	Jul-03	1459	1400	59
18	Aug-03	1325	1260	65
19	Sep-03	1246	1192	54
20	Oct-03	1121	1053	68
21	Nov-03	806	760	46
22	Dec-03	1058	991	67
23	Jan-04	1136	1074	62
24	Feb-04	922	822	100
25	Mar-04	1074	992	82

Source: January 2005 extract from SSA’s Disability Control File.

C. PARTICIPATION RATES BY BENEFICIARY CHARACTERISTICS

This section presents statistics on participation rates by beneficiary characteristic, as of March 2004. All of the statistics in this section are based on SSI and DI program data matched to an April 2004 extract from the MI Universe File. These data differ from those used for the two preceding tables in this appendix, which were based on a later (January 2005) extract from SSA’s new Disability Control File, mostly because of delayed reporting of Ticket assignments.² The more recent data show that about 10 percent of in-use Tickets in Phase 1 states in March 2004 had not been reported as assigned as of April 2004. Due to time and resource constraints, we did not update the analysis below. But we have no reason to think that the relationships reported here would be qualitatively different from those in updated data; most of the participation rates reported for specific groups would presumably be on the order of 10 percent higher, however.

Table B.5 presents state participation rates, for both Phase 1 and Phase 2 states, in total, by provider type, and by payment type. More extensive statistics for just the Phase 1 states are presented in Table B.6. For each beneficiary group (e.g., those age 40 to 44), we present six statistics: the number of eligible beneficiaries with the characteristic; the percentage of eligible beneficiaries with the characteristic; the participation (Ticket assignment) rate for those beneficiaries; the difference between their participation rates and the participation rate for the “base” group (e.g., the base group for the characteristic “age” is beneficiaries ages 18 to 24); the difference between the group’s participation rate and the base group’s participation rate after controlling for other factors (see below); and the percentage of the group’s Tickets that are assigned at SVRAs.

Raw differences in participation rates for any pair of groups reflect the potential influences of all other characteristics that are different for those two groups. For example, differences across impairment groups reflect differences between the age distributions of beneficiaries in those two groups. We used multiple regression to control for differences in other factors that are observed in the administrative data. Specifically, using the 100-percent sample, we estimated a linear probability model in which the dependent variable was the TTW participation indicator and the independent variables were categorical variables for all of the characteristics reported herein. The reported differences “after controlling for other factors” are the coefficients from this model.

Table B.5. Participation Rates by State, Payment System, and Provider Type, March 2004 (Supports Figure II.6)

State of Residence (March 2004)		Payment System			Provider Type
State of Residence (March 2004)	Total	Traditional	Milestones + Outcomes	Outcomes Only	SVRA	EN
Phase 1 States
Arizona	0.45	0.28	0.15	0.03	0.28	0.17
Colorado	0.44	0.40	0.02	0.02	0.40	0.04
Delaware	2.15	1.91	0.23	0.02	2.09	0.06
Florida	0.62	0.54	0.06	0.03	0.54	0.08
Illinois	1.42	1.34	0.07	0.01	1.34	0.07
Iowa	1.00	0.97	0.07	0.02	0.92	0.08
Massachusetts	0.37	0.26	0.08	0.02	0.31	0.05
New York	1.24	1.18	0.06	0.01	1.18	0.07
Oklahoma	1.39	0.71	0.67	0.01	1.38	0.01
Oregon	0.36	0.28	0.04	0.05	0.28	0.08
South Carolina	0.94	087	0.06	0.01	0.88	0.06
Vermont	2.34	1.77	0.00	0.57	2.34	0.00
Wisconsin	1.39	1.29	0.08	0.02	1.29	0.10
Phase 2 States
Alaska	0.49	0.44	0.03	0.02	0.44	0.05
Arkansas	0.14	0.07	0.06	0.02	0.07	0.07
Connecticut	0.58	0.33	0.03	0.22	0.54	0.03
District of Columbia	0.49	0.28	0.18	0.04	0.32	0.16
Georgia	0.39	0.32	0.06	0.01	0.32	0.07
Indiana	0.21	0.12	0.08	0.01	0.17	0.03
Kansas	0.46	0.36	0.07	0.03	0.36	0.10
Kentucky	0.15	0.13	0.01	0.01	0.14	0.02
Louisiana	0.67	0.44	0.21	0.01	0.64	0.03
Michigan	0.91	0.86	0.04	0.01	0.86	0.04
Mississippi	0.26	0.16	0.09	0.01	0.16	0.10
Missouri	0.29	0.21	0.07	0.02	0.22	0.07
Montana	0.55	0.54	0.01	0.00	0.55	0.00
Nevada	0.64	0.44	0.17	0.03	0.44	0.20
New Hampshire	0.10	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.07	0.04
New Jersey	0.23	0.16	0.03	0.05	0.19	0.04
New Mexico	0.12	0.09	0.01	0.02	0.09	0.02
North Dakota	0.18	0.12	0.04	0.02	0.13	0.05
South Dakota	1.63	1.56	0.01	0.06	1.63	0.00
Tennessee	0.55	0.41	0.13	0.01	0.41	0.14
Virginia	0.37	0.29	0.07	0.02	0.29	0.08

Source: Participation status based on an April 2004 extract from the MI Universe File, which does not reflect the approximately 10 percent of March 2004 assignments that were reported later. See Table B.1 for other sources.

Table B.6. Participation Rates by Characteristic in Phase 1 States, March 2004^a

Group Definition	Number (in Thousands)	Percent of Eligible Beneficiaries	Participation Rate (in %)	Difference from Rate for Base Category		Percent in Traditional Payment System
Group Definition	Number (in Thousands)	Percent of Eligible Beneficiaries	Participation Rate (in %)	Unadjusted	Adjusted	Percent in Traditional Payment System
All Eligible Beneficiaries	2,564	100.0%	1.0%	c	c	87.9%

Eligibility Status on Initial Selection Date
New Beneficiaries (became eligible later)	435	17.0	0.87	-0.19	-0.08	85.0
Existing Beneficiaries (eligible)	2,129	83.0	1.05	b	b	88.4

Title
Dl only	1,451	56.6	0.93	-0.05	0.27	87.1
SSI only	779	30.4	0.98	b	b	88.4
Concurrent	334	13.0	1.53	0.55	0.23	89.4

Sex
Male	1,288	50.2	1.05	0.05	0.02	88.2
Female	1,276	49.8	1.00	b	b	87.7

Age
18-24	150	5.9	2.79	b	b	92.1
25-29	116	4.5	2.12	-0.67	-0.79	88.4
30-34	156	6.1	1.81	-0.98	-1.11	88.0
35-39	231	9.0	1.63	-1.16	-1.33	88.3
40-44	318	12.4	1.37	-1.42	-1.57	87.5
45-49	364	14.2	1.06	-1.73	-1.89	87.7
50-54	417	16.3	0.64	-2.15	-2.28	85.3
55-59	488	19.0	0.33	-2.46	-2.56	84.4
60-64	325	12.7	0.16	-2.63	-2.73	78.9

Age in Years - Broad Ranges
<40	653	25.5	2.03	c	c	89.4
40-49	681	26.6	1.21	c	c	87.6
50-64	1,230	48.0	0.39	c	c	84.3

Months Since Ticket Mailed (M)
0-3	24	0.9	0.21	b	b	80.4
4-6	64	2.5	0.30	0.09	0.17	80.2
7-9	49	1.9	0.51	0.30	0.35	86.5
10-12	48	1.9	0.70	0.49	0.54	86.3
13-15	42	1.6	0.90	0.69	0.77	83.9
16-18	311	12.1	1.14	0.93	0.94	93.1
19-24	1,815	70.8	1.03	0.82	1.12	87.4
24+	211	8.2	1.33	1.11	1.36	86.7

Months on Disability Rolls
0-6	117	4.6	0.77	b	b	86.5
7-12	88	3.4	1.00	0.22	0.03	83.8
13-18	84	3.3	0.98	0.20	0.03	83.7
19-24	81	3.2	1.04	0.27	0.03	87.7
DI and 0 - 24 months	-	-	-	-	-0.05	-
25-30	76	3.0	1.04	0.27	0.20	86.7
31 -36	76	3.0	1.01	0.24	0.20	88.0
37-48	161	6.3	1.08	0.30	0.20	86.6
49-60	135	5.3	1.09	0.32	0.20	87.1
61 - 120	655	25.5	1.06	0.28	0.20	87.4
120+	1,057	41.2	1.03	0.26	0.20	89.4
Missing	26	1.0	0.59	-0.18	-0.14	89.6
Negative Months	7	0.3	0.91	0.14	-0.02	93.8

Language for Communication with SSA
English	1,389	54.2	1.14	b	b	87.2
Spanish	110	4.3	0.35	-0.78	-0.31	88.4
Other	13	0.5	0.55	-0.58	-0.11	94.4
Missing	1,052	41.0	0.95	-0.19	-0.17	89.0

Race/Ethnicity
Asian/Pacific Islander	22	0.9	1.04	0.04	0.16	90.0
Black (not Hispanic)	511	19.9	1.26	0.26	0.19	87.3
Hispanic	134	5.2	0.71	-0.29	-0.09	90.2
Native American/Alaskan	14	0.5	0.90	-0.10	0.03	65.1
White	1,678	65.4	1.00	b	b	88.3
Coded as Other	24	0.9	0.70	-0.30	-0.01	87.0
Missing	182	7.1	0.82	-0.19	-0.16	87.4

Years of Education
0-8	165	6.4	0.35	b	b	89.0
9-11	230	9.0	0.83	0.48	0.03	85.3
12	416	16.2	1.14	0.79	0.42	88.4
13-15	115	4.5	1.59	1.24	0.85	84.9
16+	65	2.5	1.41	1.06	0.87	85.5
Missing	1,575	61.4	1.03	0.68	0.31	88.3

Primary Disabling Condition
Respiratory system	64	2.5	0.36	-0.88	0.19	82.0
Circulatory system	177	6.9	0.45	-0.79	0.27	85.8
Musculoskeletal system	420	16.4	0.51	-0.73	0.27	84.2
Digestive system	27	1.1	0.64	-0.60	0.21	79.7
Neoplasms	43	1.7	0.65	-0.58	0.10	80.4
Endocrine/nutritional	91	3.5	0.68	-0.55	0.28	86.1
Skin/subcutaneous tissue	5	0.2	0.72	-0.51	0.26	94.4
Missing	291	11.3	0.83	-0.41	0.21	88.1
Other	22	0.9	0.87	-0.36	0.45	89.1
Other mental disorders	200	7.8	1.04	-0.19	0.36	86.1
HIV/AIDS	41	1.6	1.17	-0.07	0.26	86.6
Blood/blood-forming diseases	7	0.3	1.17	-0.06	-0.03	89.0
Mental retardation	297	11.6	1.23	b	b	90.6
Infectious & parasitic diseases	14	0.5	1.24	0.01	0.70	90.8
Nervous system	147	5.7	1.26	0.03	0.51	90.7
Major affective disorders	319	12.4	1.29	0.05	0.69	86.3
Genitourinary system	31	1.2	1.35	0.12	0.57	90.5
Injuries	87	3.4	1.37	0.13	0.80	90.7
Schizophrenia/psychoses/neur.	196	7.6	1.46	0.22	0.67	85.7
Severe visual impairment	51	2.0	1.73	0.50	0.95	89.5
Congenital anomalies	9	0.4	1.96	0.72	0.56	93.2
Severe speech impairment	2	0.1	2.30	1.07	1.55	93.5
Severe hearing impairment	23	0.9	5.92	4.68	4.74	95.7

Benefit Amount
Zero benefit	56	2.2	0.52	b ($0 to $250)	b ($0 to $250)	93.8
$0 to $250	70	2.7	0.78	b ($0 to $250)	b ($0 to $250)	91.6
$250 to $500	256	10.0	1.29	0.62	-0.09	93.0
$500 to $750	1,211	47.2	1.13	0.17	0.21	92.7
$750 to $1,000	438	17.1	1.09	0.05	0.12	92.5
>=$1,000	533	20.8	0.69	-0.37	-0.15	90.6
Missing	0	0.0	0.00	-1.02	-0.41	0.0

Adjudicative Level of Allowance
Initial Determination	1,716	66.9	1.18	-	-	88.1
Reconsideration	173	6.7	1.00	-0.18	-0.03	86.7
Higher level of appeal	665	25.9	0.70	-0.48	-0.25	84.8

Extended Period of Eligibility
DI only - Section 1619 not applicable	1,451	56.6	0.93	c	c	87.1
SSI - not in 1619	1,087	42.4	1.12	b	b	88.7
SSI and 1619(a)	10	0.4	2.38	1.26	0.80	89.9
SSI and 1619(b)	7	0.3	3.06	1.94	1.05	90.7
SSI and 1619 status unknown	8	0.3	1.51	0.39	0.33	88.4

State of Residence
Arizona	128	5.0	0.45	-0.55	-0.37	61.4
Colorado	79	3.1	0.44	-0.56	-0.48	90.8
Delaware	20	0.8	2.15	1.15	1.03	88.8
Florida	421	16.4	0.62	-0.38	-0.35	86.2
Illinois	300	11.7	1.42	0.41	0.63	94.2
Iowa	64	2.5	1.00	c	c	90.7
Massachusetts	190	7.4	0.37	-0.64	-0.60	72.0
New York	585	22.8	1.24	0.24	0.61	94.6
Oklahoma	101	3.9	1.39	0.39	0.37	51.1
Oregon	84	3.3	0.36	-0.64	-0.49	76.9
Other	319	12.4	1.36	0.36	0.32	87.6
South Carolina	136	5.3	0.94	-0.06	0.03	92.6
Vermont	17	0.7	2.34	1.34	1.22	75.6
Wisconsin	120	4.7	1.39	0.39	0.57	92.9

County Characteristics
Population density, 2000 (# per square mile)
Below 20	79	3.1	0.64	b	b	78.6
20-120	499	19.5	1.11	0.47	0.08	87.1
Above 1 20	1,955	76.2	1.03	0.39	0.10	88.4
Population loss, 1990 - 2000
No	2,320	90.5	1.00	b	b	87.2
Yes - metro	138	5.4	1.40	0.41	-0.25	93.8
Yes - nonmetro	74	2.9	1.47	0.48	0.22	93.9
Percent black, 2000
Below 1%	321	12.5	1.08	b	b	89.0
1% - 10%	983	38.3	0.95	-0.12	-0.06	87.1
Above 10%	1,229	47.9	1.08	0.01	0.02	88.3
Percent Hispanic/Latino
Below 1%	107	4.2	1.26	b	b	89.5
1% - 10%	1,365	53.2	1.15	-0.11	0.35	88.5
Above 10%	1,061	41.4	0.86	-0.39	0.34	86.8
Percent living in poverty, 2000
Below 10%	874	34.1	1.06	b	b	89.8
10-15%	1,165	45.4	1.09	0.03	0.08	87.4
Above 15%	495	19.3	0.86	-0.20	0.11	85.5
Unemployment rate, 2003
Below 4.0%	189	7.4	1.40	b	b	88.2
4.0 - 8.0%	1,940	75.7	1.02	-0.38	-0.18	87.4
Above 8.0%	404	15.8	0.92	-0.47	-0.35	90.8
Low employment, 2000
No	2,230	87.0	1.06	b	b	87.9
Yes - metro	238	9.3	0.95	-0.11	0.41	89.2
Yes - nonmetro	64	2.5	0.52	-0.53	-0.16	86.0
Urbanicity index, 2000
Urban	2,106	82.1	1.01	b	b	87.9
Suburban	345	13.5	1.14	0.14	0.04	90.3
Mostly rural	81	3.2	1.24	0.23	0.08	81.1
Percent of workers using public transit, 2000
Below 15%	2,002	78.1	1.02	b	b	87.1
1 5% and Above	531	20.7	1.08	0.06	-0.45	91.0
Housing stress, 2000
No	1,264	49.3	1.15	b	b	88.0
Yes - metro	1,186	46.3	0.93	-0.22	-0.07	87.8
Yes - nonmetro	82	3.2	0.67	-0.48	0.03	88.9
Low education, 2000
No	2,232	87.1	1.05	b	b	87.8
Yes - metro	243	9.5	0.93	-0.12	-0.23	89.3
Yes - nonmetro	57	2.2	0.61	-0.44	-0.16	92.8
County Data Available
County known	2,533	98.8	1.03	b	b	-
County unknown	31	1.2	0.26	-0.77	0.06	82.7

Source: Participation status based on an April 2004 extract of from the MI Universe File, which does not reflect the approximately 10 percent of March 2004 assignments that were reported later. See Table B.1 for other sources.
^aThis table was not updated to adjust for lags in reporting of Ticket assignments.
^bBase used in calculating differences.
^cVariable not included in participation model.

¹ “Months on the disability rolls” is a negative value in a few instances. This occurs if the benefit eligibility date is after the most recent Ticket mail date. For instance, a DI-only beneficiary receives a Ticket, and then becomes ineligible for DI. The beneficiary had become eligible for SSI later than DI and MINELGRD is filled in with a date that is more recent than the Ticket mail date, and it looks as though the beneficiary was on the rolls for a negative number of months. Return to Text.

² The more recent data also incorporate minor changes in (1) the definition of a beneficiary’s state for purposes of assigning Phase, and (2) the classification of beneficiaries by program (i.e., Title). Return to Text.


	Privacy Policy \| Website Policies & Other Important Information \| Site Map	Need Larger Text?

Ticket to Work Evaluation (January 2006)

APPENDIX B Beneficiary Participation Statistics

APPENDIX B
Beneficiary Participation Statistics