Research and Analysis by Release Date
2012
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 72 No. 3
- Workplace Injuries and the Take-Up of Social Security Disability Benefits
by Paul O’Leary, Leslie I. Boden, Seth A. Seabury, Al Ozonoff, and Ethan Scherer - Longitudinal Patterns of Medicaid and Medicare Coverage Among Disability Cash Benefit Awardees
by Kalman Rupp and Gerald F. Riley - Income Replacement Ratios in the Health and Retirement Study
by Patrick J. Purcell - Shifting Income Sources of the Aged
by Chris E. Anguelov, Howard M. Iams, and Patrick J. Purcell - The Growth in Applications for Social Security Disability Insurance: A Spillover Effect from Workers' Compensation
by Xuguang (Steve) Guo and John F. Burton, Jr.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 72 No. 2
- The Sensitivity of Proposed Social Security Benefit Formula Changes to Lifetime Earnings Definitions
by Hilary Waldron - The Implications of Marital History Change on Women's Eligibility for Social Security Wife and Widow Benefits, 1990–2009
by Howard M. Iams and Christopher R. Tamborini - Raising Household Saving: Does Financial Education Work?
by William G. Gale, Benjamin H. Harris, and Ruth Levine - The Growth in Social Security Benefits Among the Retirement-Age Population from Increases in the Cap on Covered Earnings
by Alan L. Gustman, Thomas L. Steinmeier, and Nahid Tabatabai - Introduction and Overview of the 2012 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Federal Disability Insurance
Measures of Health and Economic Well-Being Among American Indians and Alaska Natives Aged 62 or Older in 2030
This Research and Statistics Note uses Modeling Income in the Near Term (MINT) projections to provide an overview of the demographic, health, and economic characteristics of the American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) population aged 62 or older in 2030. MINT projects that the AIAN population will fare worse than the overall aged population in 2030 according to measures of health status, work limitation status, disability status, lifetime earnings, per capita Social Security benefits, per capita income, per capita wealth, and poverty.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 72 No. 1
- The Impact of Changes in Couples' Earnings on Married Women's Social Security Benefits
by Barbara A. Butrica and Karen E. Smith - The Retirement Prospects of Divorced Women
by Barbara A. Butrica and Karen E. Smith - Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Retirement Prospects of Divorced Women
by Barbara A. Butrica and Karen E. Smith - This Is Not Your Parents' Retirement: Comparing Retirement Income Across Generations
by Barbara A. Butrica, Karen E. Smith, and Howard M. Iams - The Increasing Labor Force Participation of Older Workers and its Effect on the Income of the Aged
by Michael V. Leonesio, Benjamin Bridges, Robert Gesumaria, and Linda Del Bene - "Fast-Track" Strategies in Long-Term Public Disability Programs Around the World
by David Rajnes
Comparing Earnings Estimates from the 2006 Earnings Public-Use File and the Annual Statistical Supplement
The Social Security Administration recently released the 2006 Earnings Public-Use File (EPUF). The EPUF contains earnings information for individuals drawn from a systematic random 1-percent sample of all Social Security numbers issued before January 2007. This note presents the process of evaluating the earnings data in EPUF. It also identifies and explains four key differences between the data in EPUF and the estimates published in the Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social Security Bulletin. The note specifically compares EPUF data with Annual Statistical Supplement estimates of earnings, number of workers with earnings, median earnings by sex and age group, and percentage of workers with earnings below the taxable maximum by sex. After accounting for the expected differences, the remaining discrepancies between EPUF and Annual Statistical Supplement estimates are relatively small.
2011
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 71 No. 4
- What Can We Learn from Analyzing Historical Data on Social Security Entitlements?
by Joyce Manchester and Jae G. Song - Behavioral and Psychological Aspects of the Retirement Decision
by Melissa A. Z. Knoll - The 2006 Earnings Public-Use Microdata File: An Introduction
by Michael Compson - Caregiver Credits in France, Germany, and Sweden: Lessons for the United States
by John Jankowski - How Common is "Parking" among Social Security Disability Insurance Beneficiaries? Evidence from the 1999 Change in the Earnings Level of Substantial Gainful Activity
by Jody Schimmel, David C. Stapleton, and Jae G. Song
The Evolution of Social Security's Taxable Maximum
Since its inception, Social Security has featured a taxable maximum (or "tax max"). In 1937, payroll taxes applied to the first $3,000 in earnings. In 2011, payroll taxes apply to the first $106,800 in earnings. This policy brief summarizes the changes that have occurred to the tax max and to earnings patterns over this period. From 1937 to 1975, Congress increased the tax max on an ad-hoc basis. Increases were justified by the desire to improve system financing and maintain meaningful benefits for middle and higher earners. Since 1975, the tax max has generally increased at the same rate as average wages each year. Some policymakers propose increasing the tax max beyond wage-indexed levels to help restore financial balance and to reflect growing earnings inequality, as workers earning more than the tax max have experienced higher earnings growth rates than other workers in recent decades.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 71 No. 3
- Employment of Individuals in the Social Security Disability Programs
by Paul O'Leary, Gina A. Livermore, and David C. Stapleton - Employment among Social Security Disability Program Beneficiaries, 1996–2007
by Arif Mamun, Paul O'Leary, David C. Wittenburg, and Jesse Gregory - Longitudinal Statistics on Work Activity and Use of Employment Supports for New Social Security Disability Insurance Beneficiaries
by Su Liu and David C. Stapleton - Social Security Disability Beneficiaries with Work-Related Goals and Expectations
by Gina A. Livermore - Disability Benefits Suspended or Terminated Because of Work
by Jody Schimmel and David C. Stapleton - Longitudinal Outcomes of an Early Cohort of Ticket to Work Participants
by Gina A. Livermore and Allison Roche - Introduction and Overview of the 2011 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Federal Disability Insurance
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 71 No. 2
- Military Veterans and Social Security: 2010 Update
by Anya Olsen and Samantha O'Leary - Who Never Receives Social Security Benefits?
by Kevin Whitman, Gayle L. Reznik, and Dave Shoffner - Longitudinal Patterns of Participation in the Social Security Disability Insurance and Supplemental Security Income Programs for People with Disabilities
by Kalman Rupp and Gerald F. Riley - Assessment of Retirement Plan Coverage by Firm Size Using W-2 Tax Records
by Irena Dushi, Howard M. Iams, and Jules Lichtenstein - Defined Contribution Pension Participation and Contributions by Earnings Levels Using Administrative Data
by Irena Dushi, Howard M. Iams, and Christopher R. Tamborini - Managing Independence: The Governance Components of the National Railroad Retirement Investment Trust
by Kevin Whitman
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 71 No. 1
- A Profile of Social Security Child Beneficiaries and their Families: Sociodemographic and Economic Characteristics
by Christopher R. Tamborini, Emily Cupito, and Dave Shoffner - The Distribution of Annual and Long-Run US Earnings, 1981–2004
by Michael V. Leonesio and Linda Del Bene - Next Generation of Individual Account Pension Reforms in Latin America
by Barbara E. Kritzer, Stephen J. Kay, and Tapen Sinha
Distributional Effects of Accelerating and Extending the Increase in the Full Retirement Age
This policy brief compares two options set forth by the Social Security Advisory Board to increase the full retirement age (FRA), the age at which claimants may receive unreduced Social Security old-age benefits. One option would raise the FRA from the current target of 67 years to 68 years; the other would raise the FRA to 70 years. The brief examines the effects of both options on the level of benefits of Social Security beneficiaries aged 62 or older in 2070 using Modeling Income in the Near Term (MINT) projections, and on Trust Fund solvency using estimates from the Social Security Administration's Office of the Chief Actuary. The brief finds that both options would reduce benefits, improve solvency, and slightly increase the poverty rate. Within each option, effects on benefits are relatively uniform across beneficiary characteristics, although some surviving spouse and disabled beneficiaries would be shielded from benefit reductions.
2010
Distributional Effects of Price Indexing Social Security Benefits
This policy brief compares five options (four progressive price indexing and one full price indexing option) set forth by the Social Security Advisory Board to index initial benefits to price growth. It examines the distribution of benefits of Social Security beneficiaries aged 62 or older in 2030, 2050, and 2070 using Modeling Income in the Near Term (MINT) model projections. The brief finds that the full price indexing option Shield 0% would more than achieve long-term solvency by reducing benefits by about 35 percent in 2070 and would increase the aged poverty rate compared with scheduled levels. The four progressive price indexing options (Shields 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%) would produce smaller benefit reductions by exempting varying proportions of lower earners from price indexing. Those options would not increase poverty above scheduled levels, but would reduce benefits for some low earners because their auxiliary benefits come from the reduced benefits of a higher-earning spouse. The progressive price indexing options would make Social Security more progressive compared with scheduled and payable benefits, both when looking at household benefit reductions by household income in a given year and when examining the distribution of lifetime taxes and benefits.
Distributional Effects of Reducing the Social Security Benefit Formula
A person's Social Security benefit, or primary insurance amount (PIA), is 90 percent of the lowest portion of lifetime earnings, plus 32 percent of the middle portion of lifetime earnings, plus 15 percent of the highest portion of lifetime earnings. This policy brief analyzes the distributional effects of three options (the three-point, five-point and upper) discussed by the Social Security Advisory Board to reduce the PIA. The first option would reduce the PIA by 3 percentage points; the second would reduce it by 5 percentage points; and the third would reduce the 32 and 15 percentages of the PIA to 21 and 10 percent, respectively. The third option would exempt about one quarter of the lowest earning beneficiaries, while reducing benefits by a median average of 19 percent in 2070. None would eliminate Social Security's long-term fiscal imbalance, although the third option would eliminate more (76 percent) of the deficit than the three-point (18 percent) and five-point (31 percent) options.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 70 No. 4
- The Role of Behavioral Economics and Behavioral Decision Making in Americans' Retirement Savings Decisions
by Melissa A. Z. Knoll - Expanding Access to Health Care for Social Security Disability Insurance Beneficiaries: Early Findings from the Accelerated Benefits Demonstration
by Robert R. Weathers II, Chris Silanskis, Michelle Stegman, John Jones, and Susan Kalasunas - The Decision to Exclude Agricultural and Domestic Workers from the 1935 Social Security Act
by Larry DeWitt - Retiring in Debt? An Update on the 2007 Near-Retiree Cohort
by Chris E. Anguelov and Christopher R. Tamborini - Introduction and Overview of the 2010 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Federal Disability Insurance
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 70 No. 3
- Message from the Commissioner
by Michael J. Astrue - The Development of Social Security in America
by Larry DeWitt - Administering Social Security: Challenges Yesterday and Today
by Carolyn Puckett - U.S. Social Security at 75 Years: An International Perspective
by Dalmer D. Hoskins - Widows and Social Security
by David A. Weaver - The Future Financial Status of the Social Security Program
by Stephen C. Goss
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 70 No. 2
- Elderly Poverty and Supplemental Security Income, 2002–2005
by Joyce Nicholas and Michael Wiseman - Recipients of Supplemental Security Income and the Student Earned Income Exclusion
by Mary Kemp - Using Matched Survey and Administrative Data to Estimate Eligibility for the Medicare Part D Low-Income Subsidy Program
by Erik Meijer, Lynn A. Karoly, and Pierre-Carl Michaud - Remembering Robert J. Myers
Distributional Effects of Raising the Social Security Payroll Tax
This policy brief analyzes the lifetime tax effects of two options for addressing the Social Security system's long-range solvency by raising the Social Security payroll tax rate. The first, an immediate increase, would have raised the payroll tax rate from its current 12.4 percent to 14.4 percent in 2006; the second, a phased increase, would raise the payroll tax rate to 14.5 percent in 2020, and then to 16.6 percent in 2050. The brief also analyzes a comparative scenario in which the current tax rate is maintained through 2041 and then raised each year as needed to pay scheduled benefits. The lifetime taxes of people born 1936–2015 are analyzed using Modeling Income in the Near Term (MINT) projections. Results show that the longer a tax rate increase is delayed, the fewer workers are affected, but also the higher the increase in lifetime taxes for later generations. The results also show that both options reduce the cross-cohort variability in the ratio of benefits received to taxes paid.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 70 No. 1
- Low Levels of Retirement Resources in the Near-Elderly Time Period and Future Participation in Means-Tested Programs
by Alexander Strand - Assessing the Performance of Life-Cycle Portfolio Allocation Strategies for Retirement Saving: A Simulation Study
by Benjamin Bridges, Robert Gesumaria, and Michael V. Leonesio - The Impact of Response Error on Participation Rates and Contributions to Defined Contribution Pension Plans
by Irena Dushi and Howard M. Iams - Permanent Disability Social Insurance Programs in Japan
by David Rajnes
2009
Selected Characteristics and Self-Perceived Performance of Individual Social Security and Supplemental Security Income Representative Payees
Social Security beneficiaries and Supplemental Security Income recipients who are unable to manage their own benefits may be assisted by relatives, friends, or other interested individuals, called representative payees. This note examines the characteristics of these payees, the payees' assessment of their own performance, and whether they believe their beneficiaries' needs are met. Using results of a survey of representative payees conducted by Westat, Inc. for a 2007 National Research Council report, this note also examines the importance of indicators of potential misuse identified in that report.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 69 No. 4
- The Age-18 Redetermination and Postredetermination Participation in SSI
by Jeffrey Hemmeter and Elaine Gilby - The Retirement Research Consortium: Past, Present, and Future
by Paul S. Davies and T. Lynn Fisher - The Research Contributions of the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College
by Steven A. Sass - Social Security Research at the Michigan Retirement Research Center
by Richard V. Burkhauser, Alan L. Gustman, John Laitner, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Amanda Sonnega - Social Security in a Changing Environment: Findings From the Retirement Research Center at the National Bureau of Economic Research
by David A. Wise and Richard G. Woodbury
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 69 No. 3
- The Disappearing Defined Benefit Pension and Its Potential Impact on the Retirement Incomes of Baby Boomers
by Barbara A. Butrica, Howard M. Iams, Karen E. Smith, and Eric J. Toder - Social Security Administration's Master Earnings File: Background Information
by Anya Olsen and Russell E. Hudson - Occupations of SSI Recipients Who Work
by Jeffrey Hemmeter - An Empirical Study of the Effects of Social Security Reforms on Benefit Claiming Behavior and Receipt Using Public-Use Administrative Microdata
by Hugo Benítez-Silva and Na Yin
Distributional Effects of Raising the Social Security Taxable Maximum
As of 2009, Social Security's Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance program limits the amount of annual earnings subject to taxation at $106,800, and this value generally increases annually based on changes in the national average wage index. This brief uses Modeling Income in the Near Term (MINT) projections to compare the distributional effects of four options for raising the maximum taxable earnings amount beyond its scheduled levels. Two of the options would raise this value so that it covers 90 percent of all covered earnings and two would remove the maximum completely. Within each set of options, the proposals are differentiated by whether the new taxable amounts are used in computing benefits. Most workers would not be affected by these proposals, but some higher earners would experience a substantial increase in taxes. Correspondingly, benefit increases are largely isolated to higher earners, although the return in benefits for taxes paid would also decline. Because the proposals are targeted toward high earners, Social Security's progressivity would increase.
Access Restrictions and Confidentiality Protections in the Health and Retirement Study
Organizations involved in statistical surveys of human subjects face two important and competing challenges: protecting data confidentiality while maximizing data accessibility to potential researchers. This note examines how the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), conducted by the Institute for Social Research of the University of Michigan, attempts to balance data confidentiality with the desire to broaden the pool of potential data users. Current HRS procedures are summarized and compared with those of organizations with similar programs, and potential ways to expand HRS use without compromising confidentiality are discussed.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 69 No. 2
- Measurement Issues Associated with Using Survey Data Matched with Administrative Data from the Social Security Administration
by Paul S. Davies and T. Lynn Fisher - Retiring in Debt? Differences between the 1995 and 2004 Near-Retiree Cohorts
by Chris E. Anguelov and Christopher R. Tamborini - Introduction and Overview of the 2009 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Federal Disability Insurance Trust Funds
- The Story of the Social Security Number
by Carolyn Puckett - Tribute to John "Jack" Carroll
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 69 No. 1
- Earnings Sharing in Social Security: Projected Impacts of Alternative Proposals Using the MINT Model
by Howard M. Iams, Gayle L. Reznik, and Christopher R. Tamborini - Examining Social Security Benefits as a Retirement Resource for Near-Retirees, by Race and Ethnicity, Nativity, and Disability Status
by Benjamin Bridges and Sharmila Choudhury - Elderly Poverty and Supplemental Security Income
by Joyce Nicholas and Michael Wiseman - Uses of Administrative Data at the Social Security Administration
by Jennifer McNabb, David Timmons, Jae G. Song, and Carolyn Puckett
Social Security and Marginal Returns to Work Near Retirement
Using the Social Security Administration's MINT (Modeling Income in the Near Term) model, this paper calculates the marginal returns to work near retirement, as measured by the increase in benefits associated with an additional year of employment at the end of an individual's work life. With exceptions for certain population subgroups, the analysis finds that marginal returns on Social Security taxes paid near retirement are generally low. The paper also tests the effects on marginal returns of a variety of potential Social Security policy changes designed to improve incentives to work.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 68 No. 4
- Cohort Changes in the Retirement Resources of Older Women
by Howard M. Iams, John W. R. Phillips, Kristen Robinson, Lionel P. Deang, and Irena Dushi - Simplifying the Supplemental Security Income Program: Options for Eliminating the Counting of In-kind Support and Maintenance
by Richard Balkus, James Sears, Susan Wilschke, and Bernard Wixon - A Legislative History of the Social Security Protection Act of 2004
by Erik Hansen
A Progressivity Index for Social Security
Using the Social Security Administration's MINT (Modeling Income in the Near Term) model, this paper analyzes the progressivity of the Old-Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program for current and future retirees. It uses a progressivity index that provides a summary measure of the distribution of taxes and benefits on a lifetime basis. Results indicate that OASDI lies roughly halfway between a flat replacement rate and a flat dollar benefit for current retirees. Projections suggest that progressivity will remain relatively similar for future retirees. In addition, the paper estimates the effects of several policy changes on progressivity for future retirees.
2008
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 68 No. 3
- The Effects of Wage Indexing on Social Security Disability Benefits
by L. Scott Muller - Cohort Differences in Wealth and Pension Participation of Near-Retirees
by Irena Dushi and Howard M. Iams - Robert M. Ball: A Life Dedicated to Social Security
by Carolyn Puckett - Remembering Mollie Orshansky—The Developer of the Poverty Thresholds
by Gordon M. Fisher
Distributional Effects of Reducing the Cost-of-Living Adjustments
Each year, Social Security benefits increase automatically with the cost-of-living adjustment (COLA), which is based on the rise in the consumer price index for urban wage earners and clerical workers (CPI-W). The analysis uses Modeling Income in the Near Term (MINT) projections to compare the distributional effects of three policy options discussed by the Social Security Advisory Board to improve system solvency.
Estimated Retirement Benefits in the Social Security Statement
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 68 No. 2
- Alternate Measures of Replacement Rates for Social Security Benefits and Retirement Income
by Andrew G. Biggs and Glenn R. Springstead - Social Security Beneficiaries Affected by the Windfall Elimination Provision in 2006
by Barbara A. Lingg - An Overview of the Railroad Retirement Program
by Kevin Whitman - The Canadian Safety Net for the Elderly
by Michael Wiseman and Martynas A. Yčas - Chile's Next Generation Pension Reform
by Barbara E. Kritzer
Estimating the First Instance of Substantive-Covered Earnings in the Labor Market
Distributional Effects of Increasing the Benefit Computation Period
The computation period is the number of highest earning years, currently 35, that are used to compute the career average earnings on which Social Security benefits are based. The brief uses MINT model projections to compare the distributional effects of two policy options discussed by the Social Security Advisory Board.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 68 No. 1
- Disability Benefit Coverage and Program Interactions in the Working-Age Population
by Kalman Rupp, Paul S. Davies, and Alexander Strand - Research on Immigrant Earnings
by Harriet Orcutt Duleep and Daniel J. Dowhan - Adding Immigrants to Microsimulation Models
by Harriet Orcutt Duleep and Daniel J. Dowhan - Incorporating Immigrant Flows into Microsimulation Models
by Harriet Orcutt Duleep and Daniel J. Dowhan
The Out-of-Sample Performance of Stochastic Methods in Forecasting Age-Specific Mortality Rates
This paper evaluates the out-of-sample performance of two stochastic models used to forecast age-specific mortality rates: (1) the model proposed by Lee and Carter (1992); and (2) a set of univariate autoregressions linked together by a common residual covariance matrix (Denton, Feavor, and Spencer 2005).
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 67 No. 4
- Women, Marriage, and Social Security Benefits Revisited
by Christopher R. Tamborini and Kevin Whitman - Disabled Workers and the Indexing of Social Security Benefits
by Alexander Strand and Kalman Rupp - Financing Social Security 1939-1949: A Reexamination of the Financing Policies of this Period
by Larry DeWitt - The Food Stamp Program and Supplemental Security Income
by Brad Trenkamp and Michael Wiseman - The Reservation Wages of Social Security Disability Insurance Beneficiaries
by Sophie Mitra - KiwiSaver: New Zealand's New Subsidized Retirement Savings Plans
by Barbara E. Kritzer
Trends in Elective Deferrals of Earnings from 1990–2001 in Social Security Administrative Data
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 67 No. 3
- Trends in Mortality Differentials and Life Expectancy for Male Social Security-Covered Workers, by Socioeconomic Status
by Hilary Waldron - Benefit Adequacy Among Elderly Social Security Retired-Worker Beneficiaries and the SSI Federal Benefit Rate
by Kalman Rupp, Alexander Strand, Paul S. Davies, and James Sears - Effective Retirement Savings Programs: Design Features and Financial Education
by Anya Olsen and Kevin Whitman - Social Security Cost-of-Living Adjustments and the Consumer Price Index
by Clark Burdick and T. Lynn Fisher - The Evolution of Japanese Employer-Sponsored Retirement Plans
by David Rajnes
Efforts Since 2000 to Simplify the SSI Program: Legislative and Regulatory Changes
Supplemental Security Income SSI is a federally administered, means-tested program that provides monthly payments to blind, disabled, or aged persons. This policy brief summarizes efforts since 2000 to simplify the SSI program through policy changes affecting the reporting of income and resources. The Social Security Protection Act (SSPA) of 2004 has provisions that simplify the treatment of infrequent and irregular income, interest and dividend income, income earned by a student, one-time income in an initial month of eligibility, military pay, and exclusion of certain income from countable resources. Final regulations published in 2005 contain simplifications in the definition of income to exclude clothing, household goods and personal effects, and automobiles from countable resources. This brief explains those changes and describes other options that have been considered.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 67 No. 2
- Have People Delayed Claiming Retirement Benefits? Responses to Changes in Social Security Rules
by Jae G. Song and Joyce Manchester - The Never-Married in Old Age: Projections and Concerns for the Near Future
by Christopher R. Tamborini - The Impact of the Unit of Observation on the Measurement of the Relative Importance of Social Security Benefits to the Elderly
by T. Lynn Fisher - Estimates of Unreported Asset Income in the Survey of Consumer Finances and the Relative Importance of Social Security Benefits to the Elderly
by T. Lynn Fisher - The Impact of Survey Choice on Measuring the Relative Importance of Social Security Benefits to the Elderly
by T. Lynn Fisher - Measuring the Relative Importance of Social Security Benefits to the Elderly
by T. Lynn Fisher - Hispanics, Social Security, and Supplemental Security Income
by Patricia P. Martin - How Post Secondary Education Improves Adult Outcomes for Supplemental Security Income Children with Severe Hearing Impairments
by Robert R. Weathers II, Gerard Walter, Sara Schley, John C. Hennessey, Jeffrey Hemmeter, and Richard V. Burkhauser
Characteristics of Noninstitutionalized DI and SSI Program Participants
Characteristics of Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries Receiving Workers' Compensation or Public Disability Benefits Compared With Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries Without These Additional Benefits
2007
Cohort-Specific Measures of Lifetime Social Security Taxes and Benefits
Social Security as a Retirement Resource for Near-Retirees, by Race and Ethnicity, Nativity, Benefit Type, and Disability Status
This paper analyzes Social Security benefits as a retirement resource for selected subgroups of current and recent cohorts of near-retirees. The paper examines the distribution of benefits among (1) several race-ethnic subgroups, (2) the native-born and the foreign-born, (3) worker, spouse, and survivor beneficiaries, and (4) the disabled and the nondisabled. We use improved data (actual earnings history data) to produce more accurate measures of benefits. We look at how the average values of several benefit measures such as Social Security wealth and earnings replacement rates differ among the selected subgroups and discuss reasons for these differences. We find that substantial differences in earnings levels and/or mortality levels among these subgroups interact with Social Security program provisions to produce sizable differences in the values of our benefit measures.
Portfolio Theory, Life-Cycle Investing, and Retirement Income
There has been much discussion recently about life-cycle funds and their role in providing a secure retirement income for older Americans. These funds, which gradually shift account assets from broad-based stock funds to bond funds as a participant ages, are becoming an important vehicle for retirement savings. This policy brief explores the economic rationale behind the life-cycle approach and the advantages and limitations of life-cycle funds.
Trends in Mortality Differentials and Life Expectancy for Male Social Security–Covered Workers, by Average Relative Earnings
This study presents an analysis of trends in mortality differentials and life expectancy by average relative earnings for male Social Security–covered workers aged 60 or older. Mortality differentials, cohort life expectancies, and period life expectancies by average relative earnings are estimated. Period life expectancy estimates for the United States are also compared with those of other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. In general, for birth cohorts spanning the years 1912–1941 (or deaths spanning the years 1972–2001 at ages 60–89), the top half of the average relative earnings distribution has experienced faster mortality improvement than has the bottom half. The sample is expected to be selectively healthier than the general population because of a requirement that men included in the sample have some positive earnings from ages 45 through 55. This requirement is expected to exclude some of the most at-risk members of the U.S. population because of the strong correlation between labor force participation and health.
Considerations for Potential Proposals to Change the Earliest Eligibility Age for Retirement
The earliest eligibility age (EEA) interacts with many other Social Security program rules, including the benefit formula and insured status requirements. Proposals to increase the EEA could affect some or all of these other rules depending on how policymakers design the proposal. By using a hypothetical proposal that increases the EEA, this policy brief illustrates how these interactions work and discusses the options that policymakers would need to consider.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 67 No. 1
- How Have People Responded to Changes in the Retirement Earnings Test in 2000?
by Jae G. Song and Joyce Manchester - Recent Trends in Workers' Compensation
by Ishita Sengupta and Virginia P. Reno - Summary and Overview of the 2007 Trustees Report
- Expenditures of the Aged
by Kimberly Burham - Homeless People Whose Self-Reported SSI/DI Status Is Inconsistent with Social Security Administration Records
by Marc I. Rosen, Thomas J. McMahon, and Robert A. Rosenheck
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 66 No. 4
- Projections of Economic Well-Being for Social Security Beneficiaries in 2022 and 2062
by Barbara A. Butrica, David B. Cashing, and Cori E. Uccello - The TANF/SSI Connection
by Steve Wamhoff and Michael Wiseman - Coping with the Demographic Challenge: Fewer Children and Living Longer
by Gayle L. Reznik, Dave Shoffner, and David A. Weaver
2006
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 66 No. 3
- Message from the Commissioner
- Social Security Disability Insurance, 1956–2006: Statement by the Social Security Advisory Board
- Social Security and the "D" in OASDI: The History of a Federal Program Insuring Earners Against Disability
by John R. Kearney - Addressing the Challenges Facing SSA's Disability Programs
- The Social Security Administration's Disability Service Improvement Process
by Jo Anne B. Barnhart - The Financial Outlook for the Social Security Disability Insurance Program
by Stephen C. Goss - A Primer: Social Security Act Programs to Assist the Disabled
- Selected Bibliography of the Social Security Administration's Research on Disability Issues
New Evidence on Earnings and Benefit Claims Following Changes in the Retirement Earnings Test in 2000
In April 2000, Congress enacted the Senior Citizens Freedom to Work Act of 2000, which removed the retirement earnings test for individuals at the full retirement age and older. This paper examines the labor force activity of workers aged 65–69 relative to older and younger workers in response to the removal of the earnings test. We use the 1 percent sample of Social Security administrative data that covers the period from 4 years before to 4 years following the removal of the test. Quantile regression methods allow us to identify the earnings levels of workers who change their work effort.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 66 No. 2
- Military Veterans and Social Security
by Anya Olsen - An Overview of the National Survey of SSI Children and Families and Related Products
by Paul S. Davies and Kalman Rupp - A Profile of Children with Disabilities Receiving SSI: Highlights from the National Survey of SSI Children and Families
by Kalman Rupp, Paul S. Davies, Chad Newcomb, Howard M. Iams, Carrie Becker, Shanti Mulpuru, Stephen Ressler, Kathleen Romig, and Baylor Miller - Participation in Programs Designed to Improve Employment Outcomes for Persons with Psychiatric Disabilities: Evidence from the New York WORKS Demonstration Project
by S. Antonio Ruiz-Quintanilla, Robert R. Weathers II, Valerie Melburg, Kimberly Campbell, and Nawaf Madi
Defined Contribution Pension Plans and the Supplemental Security Income Program
This policy brief analyzes changes in the employer-sponsored pension system and the relationship of these changes to the Supplemental Security Income program's treatment of retirement plans. SSI does not treat assets in defined benefit and defined contribution retirement plans in the same manner. The primary difference is that a potential SSI recipient has access to the funds in a defined contribution plan, but a participant in the defined benefit plan has no access to the pension until attaining a specific age. The increasing prevalence of the defined contribution retirement plan and the decreasing prevalence of the defined benefit plan is one significant change—a trend that has gained momentum since the mid-1980s. The importance of these issues relates to the extent of pension plan holdings among SSI applicants and recipients, which is in turn directly related to their involvement in the labor force. The policy brief discusses three alternate approaches to SSI treatment of defined contribution retirement plans, one of which is to retain the current policy.
2005
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 66 No. 1
- Social Security: A Program and Policy History
by Patricia P. Martin and David A. Weaver - Literature Review of Long-Term Mortality Projections
by Hilary Waldron - Individual Accounts in Other Countries
by Barbara E. Kritzer - Lifetime Earnings, Social Security Benefits, and the Adequacy of Retirement Wealth Accumulation
by Eric M. Engen, William G. Gale, and Cori E. Uccello - Medicare Gaps and Widow Poverty
by Kathleen McGarry and Robert F. Schoeni
The Distributional Consequences of a "No-Action" Scenario: Updated Results
Under the Social Security program, benefits are paid to retired workers, survivors, and disabled persons out of two trust funds—the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and the Disability Insurance (OASDI) Trust Funds. In their 2005 report, the Social Security Trustees projected that the combined OASDI trust funds would be exhausted in 2041. Because the trust funds are used to pay benefits, retirement benefits would have to be reduced somewhat in 2041 and more drastically in 2042.
If no action were taken to strengthen Social Security, the benefit reductions necessitated by the exhaustion of the trust funds would double the poverty rate of Social Security beneficiaries aged 64–78 in 2042, from 1.5 percent to 3.3 percent. However, this increased poverty rate would still be lower than the current poverty rate for beneficiaries aged 62–76, which is 4.6 percent. In addition, the trust funds' exhaustion could lead to lower returns on payroll taxes using traditional "money's-worth" measures.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 65 No. 4
- Reassessing the Relationship Between Disability Insurance and Workers' Compensation
by James B. Lockhart III - Workers' Compensation, Social Security Disability Insurance, and the Offset: A Fact Sheet
by Virginia P. Reno, Cecili Thompson Williams, and Ishita Sengupta - Workers' Compensation: A Background for Social Security Professionals
by Ann Clayton - Compensating Workers for Permanent Partial Disabilities
by Peter S. Barth - Benefit Adequacy in State Workers' Compensation Programs
by H. Allan Hunt - The Fraction of Disability Caused at Work
by Robert T. Reville and Robert F. Schoeni - Design and Implementation Issues in Swedish Individual Pension Accounts
by R. Kent Weaver - Introduction and Overview from—2005 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal OASDI Trust Funds
Social Security as a Retirement Resource for Near-Retirees
This paper analyzes Social Security benefits as a retirement resource for near-retirees. It looks at how the average values of several measures of benefits such as Social Security wealth and earnings replacement rates have changed from earlier cohorts to today's near-retiree cohort, examines differences among demographic and socioeconomic groups within cohorts, and discusses reasons for these changes and differences. The paper uses greatly improved data (actual earnings histories) to produce more accurate measures of benefits; it also uses some new benefit measures. Key findings include the following: (1) average real Social Security wealth increases markedly for successive age cohorts, primarily because of increases in average real earnings; (2) replacement rates fall for recent cohorts, primarily because of the phase-in of increases in the age of eligibility for full benefits; and (3) median Social Security wealth is much higher for women than for men because women live longer.
Poverty-level Annuitization Requirements in Social Security Proposals Incorporating Personal Retirement Accounts
In the current discussions of Social Security reform, voluntary personal retirement accounts have been proposed. Recent research and debate have focused on several aspects of these accounts, including how such accounts would affect aggregate saving, system finances, and benefit levels. Little attention, however, has been paid to policies that would govern the distribution of account balances. This analysis considers such policies with respect to the annuitization of account balances at retirement using the Social Security Administration's Modeling Income in the New Term (MINT) model and a modified version of a recent legislative proposal to evaluate the effects of partial annuitization requirements.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 65 No. 3
- The Changing Impact of Social Security on Retirement Income in the United States
by Barbara A. Butrica, Howard M. Iams, and Karen E. Smith - Disability, Welfare Reform, and Supplemental Security Income
by Mark Nadel, Steve Wamhoff, and Michael Wiseman - The Economic Consequences of a Husband's Death: Evidence from the HRS and AHEAD
by Purvi Sevak, David R. Weir, and Robert J. Willis - The Effect of the SSI Program on Labor Supply: Improved Evidence from Social Security Administrative Files
by David Neumark and Elizabeth T. Powers
2004
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 65 No. 2
- Changes in the Demographic and Economic Characteristics of SSI and DI Beneficiaries Between 1984 and 1999
by Teran Martin and Paul S. Davies - SSI Recipients in Households and Families with Multiple Recipients: Prevalence and Poverty Outcomes
by Melissa Koenig and Kalman Rupp - Demographic and Economic Characteristics of Children in Families Receiving Social Security
by Chad Newcomb - Annual Wage Trends for Supplemental Security Income Recipients
by Richard Balkus and Susan Wilschke - Choice and Other Determinants of Employee Contributions to Defined Contribution Plans
by Leslie E. Papke - Introduction and Overview from—2004 Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal OASDI Trust Funds
- Executive Summary from—Technical Panel on Assumptions and Methods (2003); Report to the Social Security Advisory Board
- Use of Social Security Administration Data for Research Purposes
by Dotty O'Brien, Joel Packman, and Carolyn Puckett - The RAND HRS Data File: A User-Friendly Version of the Health and Retirement Study
by John W. R. Phillips
How Many SSI Recipients Live with Other Recipients?
The Office of Policy recently completed an analysis of the prevalence of multirecipient households in the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. The study was based on Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) data for December 1998 matched to administrative records from the Social Security Administration (SSA).
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 65 No. 1
- Evaluating the Initial Impact of Eliminating the Retirement Earnings Test
by Jae G. Song - Comparing Replacement Rates Under Private and Federal Retirement Systems
by Patricia P. Martin - Stochastic Models of the Social Security Trust Funds
by Clark Burdick and Joyce Manchester - Lifetime Distributional Effects of Social Security Retirement Benefits
by Karen E. Smith, Eric J. Toder, and Howard M. Iams - Executive Summary from—Survey Estimates of Wealth: A Comparative Analysis and Review of the Survey of Income and Program Participation
by John L. Czajka, Jonathan E. Jacobson, and Scott Cody - Outcome Indicators
Heterogeneity in Health and Mortality Risk Among Early Retiree Men
Conventional wisdom holds that the majority of early retirees are in good health and that only a minority are in poor health. This wisdom is based on examinations of levels of health among the early retiree population. In contrast, this paper looks at both the health and mortality risk of early retirees relative to the health and mortality risk of age 65 retirees. This paper finds substantial heterogeneity among early retirees in health and mortality risk related to the age at which they are entitled to Social Security benefits. Early retirees consist of a group in extremely poor health, a group with health equal to age 65 retirees, and a group with health in between. The majority of early retirees are in poorer health and have higher mortality risk than age 65 retirees, and only a minority have health and mortality risk as good as that of age 65 retirees.
Using Predisability Earnings as an Instrument for Disability Determination Outcomes
This paper analyzes the predisability earnings of Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) applicants using yearly pools of applicants from 1977 through 1997 constructed from SSA program data that are matched to multiple panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). Results of this study show that the predisability earnings of workers denied DI benefits are significantly lower, by $4,518 per year, than the earnings of those allowed and that the influx of workers with low predisability earnings coincides with the recent rapid growth in applications for DI benefits. Average predisability earnings are the highest for applicants during 1981–1983 (when benefit eligibility was tightened) and are the lowest for applicants during the 1990–1994 period, which included the 1990–1991 recession.
Young Widow(er)s, Social Security, and Marriage
Upon a worker's death, Social Security pays benefits to each minor or disabled child and to the worker's widow(er), provided that a child of the worker is in his or her care. Although remarriage has no effect on a child's eligibility for benefits, the benefit going directly to the widow(er) terminates if he or she remarries. This paper examines the termination provision and discusses possible effects of the provision on the young widow(er) population.
The Distributional Consequences of a "No-Action" Scenario
The 2001 report of the Social Security trustees projected that the combined trust funds for the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance programs will be exhausted in 2038. This analysis explains the effects of insolvency on future retirement benefits and poverty rates of beneficiaries if no action is taken to strengthen Social Security.
Child Support Payments and the SSI Program
In determining the benefit amount for a child, the Supplemental Security Income program excludes one-third of child support payments from countable income. Legislation reauthorizing the 1996 welfare reform law contains provisions that would encourage states to allow children receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) to keep more of the child support paid by an absent parent. These potential changes provide impetus to revisit the way the SSI program treats child support.
Historical Redistribution Under the Social Security Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance Programs
This study is the third in a series of studies that use comprehensive Social Security administrative data on past earnings and benefits by year, age, gender, and race to analyze historical redistribution across those characteristics under the Social Security program. It examines historical lifetime redistribution to date across and within cohorts born through 1927, combining and extending the results of the previous two studies, for which less historical data were available. Redistributional estimates incorporating the additional data confirm the results of the earlier studies relative lifetime redistributional outcomes to data under the DI program have generally been much more favorable for "Other Races" than for "Whites;" have generally been more favorable for females than for males in most, but not all, of the cohorts considered; and accumulated benefits have generally exceeded accumulated taxes by substantial margins for all but the earliest birth cohort groups. In contrast to outcomes under the OASI program, accumulated net transfers to date for very early birth cohorts have generally been negative under the DI program taken by itself, although the size of these negative net transfers is relatively small.
2003
Treatment of Married Couples in the SSI Program
The Supplemental Security Income program serves as an income source of last resort for elderly or disabled individuals. This analysis identifies how marital status affects benefit rates and the counting of income and resources in determining eligibility.
Survey Estimates of Wealth: A Comparative Analysis and Review of the Survey of Income and Program Participation
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 64 No. 4
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Wealth and Asset Choices
by Sharmila Choudhury - Social Security Reform in Central and Eastern Europe: Variations on a Latin American Theme
by Barbara E. Kritzer - Results of the Office of Policy's 2001 User Satisfaction Survey
by Hilary Waldron - Does Retirement Education Teach People to Save Pension Distributions?
by Leslie A. Muller - Recent Changes to the Chilean System of Individual Accounts
by Barbara E. Kritzer
Historical Redistribution Under the Social Security Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Program
This study uses Social Security administrative data on past earnings and benefits by year, age, sex, and race to analyze historical redistribution under the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance program across and within cohorts born through the year 1922. The results generally support the findings of closely related previous research, confirming that early cohorts have received large accumulated net transfers to date, that females, as a group, have experienced substantially higher accumulated benefit/tax ratios and internal rates of return than their male counterparts in these cohorts, and that the "Other Races" group fared better by these measures than the "White" race group in most of the cohorts considered. Differences by race in the accumulated benefit/tax ratios estimated in this analysis are sensitive to the choice of the interest rate series and cohort grouping, however, and differ sharply between males and females under some of the interest rate assumptions.
Stochastic Models of the Social Security Trust Funds
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 64 No. 3
- The Upper Part of the Earnings Distribution in the United States: How Has It Changed?
by Kelvin R. Utendorf - Trends in the Economic Status of the Elderly, 1976–2000
by Thomas Hungerford, Matthew Rassette, Howard M. Iams, and Melissa Koenig - Income Growth and Future Poverty Rates of the Aged
by Seyda G. Wentworth and David Pattison - SSI Eligibility and Participation Among the Oldest Old: Evidence from the AHEAD
by Paul S. Davies - What Determines 401(k) Participation and Contributions?
by Alicia H. Munnell, Annika Sundén, and Catherine Taylor - Comparing Beneficiaries of the Medicare Savings Programs with Eligible Nonparticipants
by James Sears
2002
Mortality Differentials by Race
In the 2001 report of the President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security, the commission states that blacks "on average have both lower incomes and shorter life expectancies than other Americans." This paper examines the extent to which the shorter life expectancies of blacks are explained by differences between their average socioeconomic status and that of other Americans.
Estimates in this paper for men aged 25 to 64 show that about half of the difference in risk of death between blacks and all other races was explained by education level—the measure of socioeconomic status employed. At ages 65 to 90, black men were not found to have a significantly higher risk of death than men of all other races.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 64 No. 2
- Annual Statistical Supplement Updates for 2002
- Social Security's Special Minimum Benefit
by Kelly A. Olsen and Don Hoffmeyer - Modeling SSI Financial Eligibility and Simulating the Effect of Policy Options
by Paul S. Davies, Minh Huynh, Chad Newcomb, Paul O'Leary, Kalman Rupp, and James Sears - The Canada Pension Plan's Experience with Investing Its Portfolio in Equities
by Mark A. Sarney and Amy M. Preneta - Social Security: A Financial Appraisal for the Median Voter
by Vincenzo Galasso - Retirement and Wealth
by Alan L. Gustman and Thomas L. Steinmeier - Pension Sponsorship and Participation: Trends and Policy Issues
by Patrick J. Purcell
Social Security Disability Programs: Assessing the Variation in Allowance Rates
The Social Security Administration (SSA) operates two programs that provide disability benefits: Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). The Social Security Act and the regulations that implement it establish uniform national criteria for determining whether someone who applies for disability benefits under either program is disabled. However, an agency of the state in which the claimant lives makes the initial determination under contract to SSA and using SSA guidelines. Historically, states have allowed initial disability claims at rates that vary from one state to another, in some cases widely. This study estimates the amount of variation in allowance rates that is related to certain economic and demographic differences among states.
Do Early Retirees Die Early? Evidence from Three Independent Data Sets
In a 2001 working paper, Links Between Early Retirement and Mortality (ORES Working Paper No. 93), the author used cross-sectional Current Population Survey (CPS) matched to longitudinal Social Security administration data and found that men who retire early die sooner than men who retire at age 65 or older. Estimates of relative mortality risk control for current age, year of birth, education, marital status in 1973, and race, and the sample is restricted to men who have lived to at least age 65.
This paper uses the 1982 New Beneficiary Survey and a 1 percent extract of the Social Security Administration's year 2000 Master Beneficiary Records to test whether the mortality differentials reported in the author's earlier work can be replicated in other independent data sets.
Social Security Benefit Reporting in the Survey of Income and Program Participation and in Social Security Administrative Records
The quality of Social Security benefit reporting in household surveys is important for policy research on the Social Security program and, more generally, for research on the economic well-being of the aged and disabled populations. This is particularly true for the aged among whom receipt of Social Security benefits is nearly universal and reliance on such benefits is considerable. This paper examines the consistency between Social Security benefit amounts for May 1990 as reported in the Survey of Income and Program Participation and given in the Social Security Administration's administrative records for the respondent.
The Effects of Changing Social Security Administration's Early Entitlement Age and the Normal Retirement Age
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Wealth Holdings and Portfolio Choices
There are large differences in wealth across racial and ethnic groups, much of which remain unexplained even after controlling for income and demographic factors. This paper studies the issue of whether differences in saving behavior and rates of return on assets are a possible source of the differences in wealth. It uses data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine the differences in various components of aggregate wealth (including nonhousing equity, housing equity, financial assets, and risky assets) and to inspect differences in portfolio choices by race and ethnicity.
Descriptive tabulations of components of aggregate wealth and portfolio choices shown here point to differences between white and minority households in their saving behavior and choice of assets. These findings suggest that some of the large differences in wealth across racial and ethnic groups that remain unexplained even after controlling for income and demographic factors, may be attributable to the smaller participation in financial markets by minority households.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 64 No. 1
- The Widow(er)'s Limit Provision of Social Security
by David A. Weaver - Improving Child Support Enforcement for Children Receiving SSI
by Susan Wilschke - Legislative History of Title VIII of the Social Security Act
by Adrienne Croll - The U.S. Study of Work Incapacity and Reintegration
by Peter M. Wheeler, John R. Kearney, and Carolyn A. Harrison - The Social Security Administration's Death Master File: The Completeness of Death Reporting at Older Ages
by Mark E. Hill and Ira Rosenwaike - How Policy Variables Influence the Timing of Applications for Social Security Disability Insurance
by Richard V. Burkhauser, J. S. Butler, and Robert R. Weathers II - Transitions from AFDC to SSI before Welfare Reform
by David C. Stapleton, David C. Wittenburg, Michael E. Fishman, and Gina A. Livermore - Argentina's Pensions System
by Barbara E. Kritzer
2001
Social Security Administration, Office of Policy: 2001 Customer Satisfaction Survey, Final Report
Follow-up of Former Drug Addict and Alcoholic Beneficiaries
Income Growth and Future Poverty Rates of the Aged
This paper estimates effects on elderly poverty rates of a steady growth in incomes for 50 years. It assumes that the poverty threshold continues to be adjusted for inflation but not for increases in real incomes. Simulations with the March 1998 Current Population Survey indicate that if Social Security and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefit rules are not changed and if earnings and other incomes grow by 1 percent per year (the growth rate in earnings assumed in the Social Security Trustees' Report intermediate scenario) in an otherwise unchanging population, poverty among the elderly will decrease from 10.5 percent to about 7.7 percent in 2020 and to 4.8 percent in 2047. Those projected poverty rates are quite sensitive to the earnings growth rate assumption and to the assumption that benefits are not further reduced to maintain solvency. The paper quantifies the sensitivity to these assumptions and discusses several other aspects that might affect future poverty rates—changes in other income components like SSI, earnings, and pensions; changes in longevity and marital patterns; and changes in the distribution of earnings.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 63 No. 4
- Early Retirees Under Social Security: Health Status and Economic Resources
by Michael V. Leonesio, Denton R. Vaughan, and Bernard Wixon - How Raising the Age of Eligibility for Social Security and Medicare Might Affect the Disability Insurance and Medicare Program
by David C. Wittenburg, David C. Stapleton, and Scott B. Scrivner - Older Workers' Progression from Private Disability Benefits to Social Security Disability Benefits
by Christopher C. Wagner, Carolyn E. Danczyk-Hawley, Kathryn Mulholland, and Bruce G. Flynn - The Erosion of Retiree Health Benefits and Retirement Behavior: Implications for the Disability Insurance Program
by Paul Fronstin - Variation of Employee Benefit Costs by Age
by Anna Rappaport - Retirement Outcomes in the Health and Retirement Study
by Alan L. Gustman and Thomas L. Steinmeier - Lifetime Earnings Patterns, the Distribution of Future Social Security Benefits, and the Impact of Pension Reform
by Barry Bosworth, Gary Burtless, and C. Eugene Steuerle - Public Pension Reform in Japan
by Lillian Liu
Links Between Early Retirement and Mortality
In this paper I use the 1973 cross-sectional Current Population Survey (CPS) matched to longitudinal Social Security administrative data (through 1998) to examine the relationship between retirement age and mortality for men who have lived to at least age 65 by 1997 or earlier. Logistic regression results indicate that controlling for current age, year of birth, education, marital status in 1973, and race, men who retire early die sooner than men who retire at age 65 or older. A positive correlation between age of retirement and life expectancy may suggest that retirement age is correlated with health in the 1973 CPS; however, the 1973 CPS data do not provide the ability to test that hypothesis directly.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 63 No. 3
- Divorced Women at Retirement: Projections of Economic Well-Being in the Near Future
by Barbara A. Butrica and Howard M. Iams - Eligibility for the Medicare Buy-in Programs, Based on a Survey of Income and Program Participation Simulation
by Kalman Rupp and James Sears - Medicare Premium Buy-in Programs: Results of SSA Demonstration Projects
by Mark Nadel, Lisa Alecxih, Rene Parent, and James Sears - Earnings Histories of SSI Beneficiaries Working in December 1997
by Lenna D. Kennedy - A Benefit of One's Own: Older Women's Entitlement to Social Security Retirement
by Philip B. Levine, Olivia S. Mitchell, and John W. R. Phillips
Methods in Modeling Income in the Near Term (MINT I)
This paper summarizes the work completed by SSA, with substantial assistance from the Brookings Institution, RAND, and the Urban Institute, for the Modeling Income in the Near Term (MINT I) model. In most cases, several methods of estimating and projecting demographic characteristics and income were researched and tested; however, this appendix describes only those methods eventually used in the MINT I model.
The Widow(er)'s Limit Provision
The widow(er)'s limit provision of Social Security establishes caps on the benefit amounts of widow(er)s whose deceased spouse filed for early retirement benefits. Currently, 33 percent of Social Security's 8.1 million widow(er) beneficiaries have lower benefits because of that provision. This paper describes the widow(er)'s limit provision and evaluates proposed changes to it. The proposals considered range from the modest (allowing widow(er)s to receive adjustments to the capped amounts by delaying receipt of benefits) to the substantial (abolishing the widow(er)'s limit).
Military Veterans and Social Security
Military veterans constitute an important subgroup of Social Security beneficiaries. Because veterans are a large subgroup of Social Security beneficiaries and because policymakers have shown a clear interest in their well-being, it is important to understand how veterans and their dependents are currently faring. This note looks at the characteristics and trends in growth of the veteran and Social Security populations.
SSA's Estimates of Administrative Costs Under a Centralized Program of Individual Accounts
Over the past several years, a number of policymakers have proposed creating national individual accounts (IAs) for retirement whose assets would be individually owned and directed among investment options. Some proposals would create an IA program outside Social Security; others would integrate IAs into the Social Security program itself. All IA proposals, however, would entail administrative functions, costs, and considerations. Identifying and recognizing those administrative elements are important steps in assessing the desirability, feasibility, and optimal design of IAs.
This paper summarizes the administrative operation of Social Security today; provides SSA's estimated administrative costs for two hypothetical IA programs (that is, only the costs that SSA could experience, not those that employers, other agencies, and other parties could incur); and highlights major considerations raised by IA administrative costs and choices.
Widows Waiting to Wed? (Re)Marriage and Economic Incentives in Social Security Widow Benefits
In this paper we focus on an age restriction for remarriage in the Social Security system to determine if individuals respond to economic incentives for marriage. Aged widow(er) benefits are paid by the federal government to persons whose deceased spouses worked in Social Security covered employment. A widow(er) is eligible to receive benefits if she or he is at lease age 60. If a widow(er) remarries before age 60, she or he forfeits the benefit and, therefore, faces a marriage penalty. Under current law, there is no penalty if the remarriage occurs at 60 years of age or later. The Social Security rules on remarriage have changed over time. Only since 1979 have widow(er)s been allow to marry at or after age 60 and not face reductions in benefit amounts.
We investigate whether the age-60 remarriage rule affects the timing of marriage and whether the elimination of the marriage penalty in 1979 encouraged widows 60 or older to marry. For this study, we primarily use Vital Statistics data from the National Center for Health Statistics.
Our major findings are as follows. In 1979, there was an increase in the marriage rate of widows 60 or older. This suggests many widows in this age group chose not to marry until the marriage penalty they faced was removed. Also, in the post-1979 period, there was a drop in marriage rates immediately prior to age 60 and an increase after this age. We do not observe this pattern in the period before 1979, and we do not observe it for divorced women, who generally are not subject to the age-60 remarriage rule. These findings suggest that the age-60 remarriage rule affects the timing of marriage and has the most influence on women who are very close to age 60.
Analysis of Social Security Proposals Intended to Help Women: Preliminary Results
One aspect of the current debate about changing the Social Security program concerns how new rules might affect elderly women, many of whom have low income. This paper examines three possible changes: (1) a reduction in spousal benefits combined with a change in the computation of the survivor benefit, (2) a redefined minimum benefit, and (3) a 5 percent increase in benefits for persons aged 80 or older. The paper assesses the cost, distributional consequences, and antipoverty impact of each option.
Counting the Disabled: Using Survey Self-Reports to Estimate Medical Eligibility for Social Security's Disability Programs
This paper develops an approach for tracking medical eligibility for the Social Security Administration's (SSA's) disability programs on the basis of self-reports from an ongoing survey. Using a structural model of the disability determination process estimated on a sample of applicants, we make out-of-sample predictions of eligibility for nonbeneficiaries in the general population. This work is based on the 1990 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. We use alternative methods of estimating the number of people who would be found eligible if they applied, considering the effects of sample selection adjustments, sample restrictions, and several methods of estimating eligibility/ineligibility from a set of continuous probabilities. The estimates cover a wide range, suggesting the importance of addressing methodological issues. In terms of classification rates for applicants, our preferred measure outperforms the conventional single variable model based on the "prevented" measure.
Under our preferred estimate, 4.4 million people—2.9 percent of the nonbeneficiary population aged 18–64—would meet SSA's medical criteria for disability. Of that group, about one-third have average earnings above the substantial gainful activity limit. Those we classify as medically eligible are similar to allowed applicants in terms of standard measures of activity limitations.
Reducing Poverty Among Elderly Women
Although the Social Security program has substantially reduced poverty among older Americans, 17.3 percent of nonmarried elderly women (widowed, divorced, or never married) are living in poverty today. This paper explores several policy options designed to reduce poverty by enhancing Social Security widow(er)'s benefits, Supplemental Security Income benefits, and Social Security's special minimum benefit. Depending on the option, 40 percent to 58 percent of the additional federal spending would be directed to the poor or near poor.
2000
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 63 No. 2
- The Impact of Repealing the Retirement Earnings Test on Rates of Poverty
by Michael A. Anzick and David A. Weaver - State and Local Pension Plans' Equity Holdings and Returns
by Mark A. Sarney - Social Security Privatization in Latin America
by Barbara E. Kritzer - What Stock Market Returns to Expect for the Future?
by Peter A. Diamond
Distribution of Zero-Earnings Years by Gender, Birth Cohort, and Level of Lifetime Earnings
This note uses data from the Modeling Income in the Near Term (MINT) project to estimate the distribution of zero-earnings years by gender, birth cohort, and level of lifetime earnings from 1951 to 1996. The analysis is focused mainly on zero-earnings years that fall within a worker's highest 35 years of earnings, because only these years are used in the calculation of benefits.
Earnings of Black and Nonblack Workers Who Died or Became Disabled in 1996 and 1997
Social Security solvency proposals may affect blacks as a group differently than those of other races because of differences in earnings, mortality, and rates of disability. To provide some background for understanding this issue, this note examines the earnings of workers by age and race, comparing those who recently died or became entitled to Social Security disability benefits with those still alive. It does not analyze any specific proposal for changing benefits.
Early Retirees Under Social Security: Health Status and Economic Resources
Some proposals to change the Social Security program to ensure long-run solvency would reduce or eliminate benefits to some early retirees. To what extent might those benefit reductions cause hardship for individuals with precarious financial circumstances and whose health appears to limit their ability to offset reductions in Social Security income through increased earnings? Our research is intended to identify the size and characteristics of the population that might be at risk as a consequence of such changes.
The central finding is that over 20 percent of early Social Security retirees have health problems that substantially impair their ability to work. In fact, among those aged 62–64 who are severely impaired, there are as many Old-Age and Survivors Insurance beneficiaries as there are beneficiaries under SSA's two disability programs. The retirement program functions as a substantial, albeit unofficial, disability program for this age group. Moreover, the majority of the most severely impaired early retirees would not qualify for Disability Insurance benefits.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 63 No. 1
- The Effect of Welfare Reform on SSA's Disability Programs: Design of Policy Evaluation and Early Evidence
by Paul S. Davies, Howard M. Iams, and Kalman Rupp - The Net Effects of the Project NetWork Return-to-Work Case Management Experiment on Participant Earnings, Benefit Receipt, and Other Outcomes
by Robert Kornfeld and Kalman Rupp - Participation in Voluntary Individual Savings Accounts: An Analysis of IRAs, 401(k)s, and the TSP
by Glenn R. Springstead and Theresa M. Wilson - Attrition in the New Beneficiary Survey and Followup, and Its Correlates
by Kate Antonovics, Robert Haveman, Karen C. Holden, and Barbara Wolfe - New Beneficiary Data System
by Howard M. Iams
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 62 No. 4
- Projecting Retirement Income of Future Retirees with Panel Data: Results from the Modeling Income in the Near Term (MINT) Project
by Barbara A. Butrica and Howard M. Iams - Identifying the Race or Ethnicity of SSI Recipients
by Charles G. Scott - Collecting Information on Disability in the 2000 Census: An Example of Interagency Cooperation
by Michele C. Adler, Robert F. Clark, Theresa J. DeMaio, Louisa F. Miller, and Arlene F. Saluter
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 62 No. 3
- Application of Experimental Poverty Measures to the Aged
by Kelly A. Olsen - Using Data for Couples to Project the Distributional Effects of Changes in Social Security Policy
by Barbara A. Butrica, Howard M. Iams, and Steven H. Sandell - Characteristics of Individuals with Integrated Pensions
by Keith A. Bender - Improving Return-to-Work Strategies in the United States Disability Programs, with Analysis of Program Practices in Germany and Sweden
by Joann Sim - Who Is "62 Enough"? Identifying Respondents Eligible for Social Security Early Retirement Benefits in the Health and Retirement Study
by Janice A. Olson
1999
Who Is "62 Enough": Identifying Eligibles for Social Security Early Retirement in the Health and Retirement Study
Either the normal retirement age (NRA) or the earliest eligibility age (EEA) for Social Security retirement benefits would be increased under many proposals for Social Security reform. As a consequence, research interest in who retires at early ages and the potential effects of an increase in the NRA or EEA has grown. This note discusses how well researchers can do using data from the Health and Retirement Study in identifying the pool of respondents who could have received early Social Security retirement benefits.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 62 No. 2
- The Distributional Effects of Changing the Averaging Period and Minimum Benefit Provisions
by Steven H. Sandell, Howard M. Iams, and Daniel Fanaras - Recent Changes in Earnings Distributions in the United States: Age and Cohort Effects
by Kelvin R. Utendorf - The Development of the Project NetWork Administrative Records Database for Policy Evaluation
by Kalman Rupp, Dianne Driessen, Robert Kornfeld, and Michelle L. Wood - Lifetime Redistribution Under the Social Security Program: A Literature Synopsis
by Dean R. Leimer - SSI At Its 25th Year
by Lenna D. Kennedy - Minorities and Social Security: An Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Current Program
by Alexa A. Hendley and Natasha F. Bilimoria - Linkages With Data From Social Security Administrative Records in the Health and Retirement Study
by Janice A. Olson
Near Term Model Development, Part II
This project by RAND develops a microsimulation model of marriage, divorce, disability, and mortality based on SIPP data. It forms the demographic component of the MINT microsimulation model of the Social Security Administration.
Linkages with Data from Social Security Administrative Records in the Health and Retirement Study
The Health and Retirement Study (HRS) is a major longitudinal study designed for scientific and policy researchers for study of the economics, health, and demography of retirement and aging. The primary HRS sponsor is the National Institute of Aging, and the project is being conducted by the Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. Several agencies, including the Social Security Administration, are supporting the project. This is the second paper describing SSA's data support for the HRS. It describes the data from SSA records that have been released for linking to HRS data, linkage rates resulting from the consent process, and subgroup patterns in linkage rates.
Characteristics of Individuals with Integrated Pensions
Employer pensions that integrate benefits with Social Security have been the focus of relatively little research. Potentially this is an important omission given the current Social Security reform debate. Since changes in Social Security benefit levels and other program characteristics can affect the benefit levels and other features of integrated pension plans, it is important to know who is covered by these plans. This paper uses data from the Health and Retirement Survey to examine the characteristics of individuals who are covered under integrated pension plans by comparing them with people covered by non-integrated plans and those with no pension plan. The results show that individuals who are female, white, non-unionized, or do not have postgraduate education are significantly more likely to be in an integrated employer pension plan.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 62 No. 1
- Effect on Benefits of Earnings at Ages 65 or Older, 1995
by Bertram Kestenbaum, Michael Shackleford, and Chris Chaplain - Industry, Occupation, and Disability Insurance Beneficiary Work Return
by Evan S. Schechter - Retirement Income Security in the United Kingdom
by Lillian Liu - The Galveston Plan and Social Security: A Comparative Analysis of Two Systems
by Theresa M. Wilson
Recent Changes in Earnings Distributions in the United States: Age and Cohort Effects
In this paper, the author uses large Social Security administrative data sets to examine changes in earnings distributions in the United States over the 1980s through the mid-1990s. Because the earnings information contained in these data sets comes directly from the W-2 forms filed by employers, the self-reporting errors and top-coding problems common in other data used for this type of analysis are minimized. Previous research has documented an increase in overall earnings inequality during the 1970s and the 1980s. The author finds that this upward trend in overall earnings inequality continues in the mid-1990s, despite a period of nearly constant or slightly decreased earnings inequality from 1988 through 1992. The data also suggest that between-group earnings inequality, whether dividing the sample into groups by age group or by birth cohort, is increasing. Despite the increase in between-group earnings inequality over the period examined, however, within-group earnings inequality remains by far the largest contributor to overall earnings inequality.
Lifetime Redistribution Under the Social Security Program: A Literature Synopsis
This paper provides a brief overview of the more important studies of lifetime redistribution under the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) and Disability Insurance (DI) programs. Studies are categorized into two types: those that focus on redistribution across successive cohorts of workers or typical members of those cohorts, and those that focus on the distribution of results across characteristics of interest within particular cohorts of workers. A list of related studies is provided at the end for those interested in additional reading.
The Accuracy of Survey-Reported Marital Status: Evidence from Survey Records Matched to Social Security Records
Many researchers have concluded that, in surveys, divorced persons often fail to report accurate marital information. In this paper, I revisit this issue using a new source of data—surveys exactly matched to Social Security data. I find that divorced persons frequently misreport their marital status, but there is evidence that the misreporting is unintentional. A discussion of possible improvements in surveys is presented. Implications for the study of differential mortality and the study of poverty among aged women are discussed.
1998
Projecting Immigrant Earnings: The Significance of Country of Origin
This paper asks whether information about immigrants other than their age, education, and years since migration can be productively used to project their earnings. Although many factors could affect immigrants' earnings, what is most useful for Social Security modeling purposes is relevant information that is readily available on a continuous basis. Country of origin is a good candidate as it is regularly and readily available from several administrative and survey data sources.
In this paper, microdata samples from the 1960–1990 censuses are used to examine the relationship between country of origin and the earnings of immigrants. By following cohorts of immigrants over 10-year intervals, we learn how country of origin affects the initial earnings of immigrants and how the relationship between country of origin and immigrants' earnings changes as immigrants live in the United States. The paper also presents theoretical insights and empirical evidence about the underlying causes of the link between country of origin and immigrants' earnings.
Retirement Income Security in the United Kingdom
This study examines the United Kingdom's retirement income security system from the American perspective. It addresses issues that most concern U.S. analysts: how the United Kingdom has kept its future public pension costs at a manageable level, the extent to which privatization of public pensions has contributed to these savings, the popular appeal of individual pension accounts, and the impact of privatization on retirement income. These issues are best understood in the context of the U.K. pension program's particular institutional structure and policies, two of which—"contracting out" of public pensions and strong reliance on means-tested benefits—have been largely rejected in the evolution of U.S. policy to date.
Particular use is made of recently available data on coverage rates for public and private pension programs over the total working population and administrative records on inactive personal pension accounts.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 61 No. 4
- Noncitizens and the Supplemental Security Income Program
by Thomas M. Parrott, Lenna D. Kennedy, and Charles G. Scott - Projecting Immigrant Earnings: The Significance of Country of Origin
by Harriet Orcutt Duleep and Mark C. Regets
Recent Changes in Earnings Distributions in the United States
In this paper I use large, Social Security administrative data sets to examine changes in earnings distributions in the U.S. over the 1980s and early-1990s. Because the earnings information contained in these data sets comes directly from the W-2 forms filed by employers, the self-reporting errors and top-coding problems common in other data used for this type of analysis are minimized. Previous research has documented an increase in overall earnings inequality during the 1970s and the 1980s. While I too find that overall earnings inequality generally increased during the early- to mid-1980s, I find that this upward trend in earnings inequality might have slowed, or reversed, during the late-1980s and early 1990s. I also find that within-group inequality for various race and gender subgroups of the population generally increased over the period examined, confirming the results of others and extending those findings into the early 1900s. Finally, I find that women's earnings increased relative to men's earnings over the entire period and that the earnings of black males declined relative to the earnings of the other groups examined.
Historical Redistribution Under the Social Security Disability Insurance Program
This study uses Social Security administrative data on historical taxes and benefits by year, age, gender, and race for an ex post analysis of redistribution under the Disability Insurance program. The relationship between the taxes paid and benefits received to date under the program is described for successive cohorts as a whole and for specific race and gender groups both within cohorts and across time.
Pension Integration and Social Security Reform
Many employer-provided pension plans explicitly account for Social Security in their benefit formulas—a practice known as integration. Because integrated pensions are directly linked to Social Security, both the incidence and design of explicitly integrated plans are likely to be affected by changes in the current Social Security program. While integration has been mentioned as an important issue in discussions of Social Security reform, researchers have largely ignored the concept of pension integration. This paper provides basic information about pension integration and addresses, in general terms, the relationship between Social Security reform and pension integration.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 61 No. 3
- Historical Redistribution Under the Social Security Disability Insurance Program
by Dean R. Leimer - Pension Integration and Social Security Reform
by Chuck Slusher
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 61 No. 2
The Retirement Prospects of the Baby Boom Generation
This paper examines the financial prospects of the baby boomers in their elderly years. The paper primarily attempts to draw together and summarize results found by other researchers, but a few new estimates are presented. The consensus of the research appears to be the following. Up to this point, the baby boom generation as a whole has a higher economic status than their parents' generation did at the same ages, but this does not hold for some subgroups. When it becomes elderly, the baby boom generation as a whole probably will have a higher economic status than their parents' generation has and will have at those ages, but, again, this may not hold for some subgroups. It is uncertain whether the baby boom generation as a whole will have enough resources in retirement to maintain their preretirement standard of living without increasing their saving or retiring later, but some subgroups will be able to maintain their living standard without changing their behavior.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 61 No. 1
- The Retirement Prospects of the Baby Boom Generation
by Daniel B. Radner - SSI Case Closures
by Satya Kochhar and Charles G. Scott - Cost-Neutral Policies to Increase Social Security Benefits for Widows: A Simulation for 1992
by Howard M. Iams and Steven H. Sandell - Social Security Beneficiaries Enrolled in the Direct Deposit Program, December 1996
by Joseph Bondar
1997
The Economic Well-Being of Social Security Beneficiaries, with an Emphasis on Divorced Beneficiaries
There are numerous types of benefits paid under the Social Security programs of the United States, with each type of benefit having its own set of eligibility rules and benefit formula. It is likely that there is an association between the type of benefit a person receives and the economic circumstances of the beneficiary. This paper explores that association using records from the Current Population Survey exactly matched to administrative records from the Social Security Administration. Divorced beneficiaries are a particular focus of this paper.
Type of benefit is found to be a strong predictor of economic well-being. Two large groups of beneficiaries, retired-worker and aged married-spouse beneficiaries, are fairly well off. Other types of beneficiaries tend to resemble the overall U.S. population or are decidedly worse off. Divorced-spouse beneficiaries have an unusually high incidence of poverty and of serious health problems. A proposal to increase benefits for these beneficiaries is evaluated. Results indicate that much of the additional government expenditures would be received by those with low income.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 60 No. 4
- The Economic Well-Being of Social Security Beneficiaries, with an Emphasis on Divorced Beneficiaries
by David A. Weaver - Health Insurance Reform Legislation
by Rita L. DiSimone - Social Security Benefits for Women Aged 62 or Older, December 1996
by Donald T. Ferron - Women Aged 65 or Older Receiving SSI Payments, December 1996
by Lenna D. Kennedy
A Structural Model of Social Security's Disability Determination Process
We estimate a multistage sequential logit model reflecting the structure of the disability determination process of the Social Security Administration (SSA), as implemented by state Disability Determination Services (DDS) agencies. The model is estimated using household survey information exactly matched to SSA records on disability adjudications from 1989 to 1993. Information on health, activity limitations, demographic traits, and work is taken from the 1990 Survey of Income and Program Participation. We also use information on occupational characteristics from the Directory of Occupational Titles, DDS workload pressure, and local area economic conditions from unpublished SSA sources. Under the program provisions, different criteria dictate the outcomes at different steps of the determination process. We find that without the multistage structural approach, the effects of many of the important health, disability, and vocational factors are not readily discernible. As a result, the split-sample predictions of overall allowance rates from the sequential model performed considerably better than the conventional approach based on a simple allowed/denied logit regression.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 60 No. 3
- Factors Affecting the Work Efforts of Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries
by John C. Hennessey - The Work Incapacity and Reintegration Study: Results of the Initial Survey Conducted in the United States
by John R. Kearney - Interaction With Social Security of 1996 Civil Service Retirement System Annuitants
by Chris Chaplain and Bertram Kestenbaum
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 60 No. 2
- Projecting Social Security Earnings: Past Is Prologue
by Howard M. Iams and Steven H. Sandell - Life-Cycle Aspects of Poverty Among Older Women
by Sharmila Choudhury and Michael V. Leonesio - Retooling Social Security for the 21st Century
by C. Eugene Steuerle and Jon M. Bakija - The Civilian War Benefits Program: SSA's First Disability Program
by Larry DeWitt
Life-Cycle Aspects of Poverty Among Older Women
In this paper we focus on the relationship between a woman's economic status earlier in life and her poverty status in old age. Previous research on the determinants of poverty among aged women has documented the socioeconomic and demographic correlates of the poor and has examined the financial impact of adverse late-life events such as widowhood, deterioration of health, and loss of employment. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Women, we find that most women who experience these types of adverse events in their later years do not become poor and that a large majority of older NLSMW respondents who were poor in 1991–92 were poor earlier in their adult lives. Whether women are impoverished by adverse late-life events depends on their economic resources just prior to the event. But the financial resources available in old age, in turn, depend very much on their long-term economic status throughout much of their adult lives. This article underscores the fact that for most older women these adverse events do not appear to precipitate poverty spells—at least not within the first couple of years—and directs attention at longer-term circumstances that make some women more vulnerable.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 60 No. 1
- Work While Receiving Disability Insurance Benefits: Additional Findings From the New Beneficiary Followup Survey
by Evan S. Schechter - Living Arrangements of SSI Recipients
by Satya Kochhar and Charles G. Scott - Case Management at Work for SSA Disability Beneficiaries: Process Results of the Project NetWork Return-to-Work Demonstration
by Valerie Leiter, Michelle L. Wood, and Stephen H. Bell - Cash Benefits For Short-Term Sickness, 1970–94
by Wilmer L. Kerns
1996
Family Unit Incomes of the Elderly and Children, 1994
The economic status of the elderly and the economic status of children are analyzed using a comprehensive definition of income that takes selected types of noncash income and taxes into account. Estimates are presented for detailed age groups over the entire age range and for socioeconomic classifications within the elderly subgroup and within the subgroup of children. The paper finds that children and the elderly are less well off than the middle age groups. This result is obtained using median incomes and the percentage of the group that has low income, as defined here. When results obtained with the measures presented in this paper are compared with results obtained with more commonly used measures, there are important differences for both the elderly and for children. For both groups, the composition of the low-income population differs in important ways from the composition of the official poverty population.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 59 No. 4
- Job Patterns of Disabled Beneficiaries
by John C. Hennessey - The Economics of Retirement: A Nontechnical Guide
by Michael V. Leonesio
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 59 No. 3
- Pension Benefits Among the Aged: Conflicting Measures, Unequal Distributions
by John R. Woods - Poverty Among Single Elderly Women Under Different Systems of Old-Age Security: A Comparative Review
by Jürg K. Siegenthaler - Privatizing Social Security: The Chilean Experience
by Barbara E. Kritzer - Major Welfare Reforms Enacted in 1996
by Rita L. DiSimone - SSA Programs That Benefit Children
by Lenna D. Kennedy
Social Security and Immigrant Earnings
Immigrant cohorts have varied over time in many ways that have important implications for projecting the contributions immigrants make to the Social Security system. Using immigrant cohorts in the 1970, 1980, and 1990 decennial censuses, we find that immigrant men experience faster earnings growth than native-born men and that there has been a large increase over time in immigrant earnings growth rates. Thus, recent reductions in immigrant entry earnings are significantly compensated for by faster immigrant earnings growth.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 59 No. 2
- Income Protection for the Aged in the 21st Century: A Framework to Help Inform the Debate
by Peter M. Wheeler and John R. Kearney - Social Security and Immigrant Earnings
by Harriet Orcutt Duleep and Mark C. Regets - Reinventing SSI Statistics: SSA's New Longitudinal File
by Clark D. Pickett and Charles G. Scott - Program Legislation Enacted in Early 1996
by Rita L. DiSimone
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 59 No. 1
- Trends in the Characteristics of DI and SSI Disability Awardees and Duration of Program Participation
by Kalman Rupp and Charles G. Scott - Labor-Force Participation and Earnings of SSI Disability Recipients: A Pooled Cross-Sectional Time Series Approach to the Behavior of Individuals
by L. Scott Muller, Charles G. Scott, and Barry V. Bye - Deeming Rules and the Increase in the Number of Children With Disabilities Receiving SSI: Evaluating the Effects of a Regulatory Change
by Greg P. Hannsgen and Steven H. Sandell - State Optional Supplementation of SSI Payments, 1974–95
by Elsa Orley Ponce
1995
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 58 No. 4
- Modeling SSA's Sequential Disability Determination Process Using Matched SIPP Data
by Kajal Lahiri, Denton R. Vaughan, and Bernard Wixon - Determinants of the Growth in the Social Security Administration's Disability Programs—An Overview
by Kalman Rupp and David C. Stapleton - The Long-Term Effects of Transitional Employment Services
by Paul T. Decker and Craig V. Thornton - Incomes of the Elderly and Nonelderly, 1967–92
by Daniel B. Radner - OASDI Beneficiaries and SSI Recipients With Representative Payees
by Lenna D. Kennedy - The 1993 SIPP and CPS Surveys
by Howard M. Iams
Incomes of the Elderly and Nonelderly, 1967–92
This paper examines the money incomes of the elderly and the nonelderly. The economic status of the elderly is put in perspective by discussing changes in real incomes since 1967 and the income of the elderly relative to the incomes of other age groups. Detailed age groups within both the elderly and nonelderly groups are examined. The paper finds that the economic status of the elderly in 1992 was substantially better than in 1967 but was about the same as in 1984. The real median income of the elderly rose from 1967 to 1989 but fell from 1989 to 1992. The ratio of the income of the elderly to that of the nonelderly was higher in 1992 than in 1967, but the 1992 ratio was below the 1984 ratio. Large increases in mean Social Security benefits were important in the increase in the total income of the elderly since 1967.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 58 No. 3
- The Influence of OASDI and SSI Payments on the Poverty Status of Families With Children
by John R. Kearney, Herman F. Grundmann, and Salvatore J. Gallicchio - Diagnostic Trends of Disabled Social Security Beneficiaries, 1986–93
by Donald T. Ferron - Social Insurance Provisions for Children With Disabilities in Selected Industrialized Countries
by Ilene R. Zeitzer - SSI Recipients in Multirecipient Households, March 1994
by Lenna D. Kennedy, Charles G. Scott, and Alfreda M. Brooks - Social Security Benefits and SSI Payments for Centenarians, December 1994
by Corrinne B. Lennox
A Guide to Social Security Money's Worth Issues
This paper discusses some of the major issues associated with the question of whether workers receive their money's worth from the Social Security program. An effort is made to keep the discussion as nontechnical as possible, with explanations provided for many of the technical terms and concepts found in the money's worth literature. Major assumptions, key analytical methods, and money's worth measures used in the literature are also discussed. Finally, the key findings of money's worth studies are summarized, with some cautions concerning the limitations and appropriate usage of money's worth analyses.
The Economics of Retirement: A Nontechnical Guide
This paper provides a nontechnical explanation of the basic ideas that underpin economists' thinking about work and retirement decisions and discusses and elaborates on the basic economic model of retirement. The paper begins with a simple economic model of an individual's work decision, to explain the construction and logic of this model, and to show how the model can be used to make basic predictions about factors that might plausibly affect the timing of retirement. From this starting point—which essentially describes the economic retirement models before the late 1970s—the paper then explains how the model has been extended during the past 2 decades. The increasing sophistication and complexity of the models reflect scientific progress in which new retirement research incorporates the findings of previous efforts, the desire to incorporate more realism into the models, and the availability of improved data. The progress in economic modeling is emphasized as the contributions of various influential studies are reviewed.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 58 No. 2
- A Guide to Social Security Money's Worth Issues
by Dean R. Leimer - The Distribution of OASDI Taxes and Benefits by Income Decile
by David Pattison - Mortality and Income Inequality Among Economically Developed Countries
by Harriet Orcutt Duleep - Workers' Compensation: Coverage, Benefits, and Costs, 1992–93
by Jack Schmulowitz - Bipartisan Commission on Entitlement and Tax Reform
by Rita L. DiSimone
Occupational Experience and Socioeconomic Variations in Mortality
This paper explores the extent to which occupational experience is responsible for the adverse effect of low income and education on mortality. Using Current Population Survey data on education and disability matched to Social Security data on earnings, disability, and mortality, this question is pursued by examining how the estimated effects of income and education are affected once occupational experience is included in the mortality model. The inclusion of various occupational experience variables, as measured in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles and the National Occupational Hazards Survey, has virtually no effect on the estimated effects of income and education on mortality. These findings suggest that the high mortality of low-income and poorly educated persons is not due to characteristics of their employment but to other aspects associated with poverty.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 58 No. 1
- Disability Patterns Among SSI Recipients
by Satya Kochhar and Charles G. Scott - The Effect of Vocational Rehabilitation and Work Incentives on Helping the Disabled-Worker Beneficiary Back to Work
by John C. Hennessey and L. Scott Muller - Length of Stay on the Supplemental Security Income Disability Program
by Kalman Rupp and Charles G. Scott - The Issue Unresolved: Innovating and Adapting Disability Programs for the Third Era of Social Security
by Martynas A. Yčas - Social Security Administration Created as an Independent Agency: Public Law 103-296
by Rita L. DiSimone - Role of the Private Sector in Financing Social Welfare Programs, 1972–92
by Wilmer L. Kerns - Benefits and Beneficiaries Under Public Employee Retirement Systems, Fiscal Year 1991
by Ann Kallman Bixby
1994
Labor Force Participation, Income, and the Use of Short-Term Hospitals by the Elderly
Between 1970 and 1983, the rate at which the elderly were hospitalized grew by over 40 percent, but the rate of hospitalization for the younger population was fairly stable. Past attempts to explain the different patterns among the young and the old have focused on technology, insurance, health status, and the supply of hospital services. These attempts have been largely unsuccessful. In this paper, I examine other possible explanations, namely, that the elderly, who experienced a decline in the rate of participation in the labor force and an increase in income over this period, used increases in available time (i.e., nonwork time) and increases in income to seek out and receive greater amounts of health care.
Using an empirical strategy that adequately controls for the health status and insurance status of the subjects under study, I analyze small area data from the state of North Carolina. This approach yields results that indicate labor force status and income are important determinants of hospital use among the elderly.
Noncash Income, Equivalence Scales, and the Measurement of Economic Well-Being
The economic well-being of subgroups of the population usually is measured by comparing resources and needs. The measure of resources often includes noncash income. Equivalence scales are used to adjust for differential needs. Little attention, however, has been paid to the desirability of consistency between the specifications of the resources and the equivalence scales in these comparisons. This exploratory paper suggests that a lack of consistency between the definitions used on the income and the needs sides can be important for the assessment of the economic well-being of subgroups when some types of noncash income are included in the definition of income. The measured economic status of the aged in the United States when Medicare noncash income is included in the definition of income is used as an example of this consistency problem. Some previous estimates have used equivalence scales that probably understated the relative needs of the aged by omitting needs associated with Medicare. The measured economic well-being of the aged relative to that of other age groups could be overestimated substantially as a result of this consistency problem. The basic problem is not confined to the treatment of Medicare or to the United States, but is much broader in nature.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 57 No. 4
- The Challenge of the 21st Century: Innovating and Adapting Social Security Systems to Economic, Social, and Demographic Changes in the English-Speaking Americas
by Martynas A. Yčas - Changing Social Security Benefits to Reflect Child-Care Years: A Policy Proposal Whose Time Has Passed?
by Howard M. Iams and Steven H. Sandell - State AFDC Rules Regarding the Treatment of Cohabitors: 1993
by Robert A. Moffitt, Robert T. Reville, and Anne E. Winkler - The Development of a New Geographic Coding System for the Continuous Work History Sample
by Linda M. Dill, Barry V. Bye, and Cheryl I. Williams - Summary of Legislation of Interest to SSA Enacted During the 103rd Congress
Covariance Estimates for Regression Parameters from Complex Sample Designs: Application of the Weighted Maximum Likelihood Estimator to Linear and Logistic Regression Analysis in Which Observations Might Not be Independent
Statistical methods of variance estimation are presented in this paper for the analysis of survey data involving complex sample designs. With certain complex sample design, estimation of the covariance matrices in linear and logistic regression is not straightforward. The design may be complex because of disproportionate sampling of strata, necessitating the use of weights, or because the observations are not independent, or possibly both. Examples are given from projects at the Social Security Administration, and computer programs written in SAS (Statistical Analysis System) are provided.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 57 No. 3
- Pension Vesting and Preretirement Lump Sums Among Full-Time Private Sector Employees
by John R. Woods - The Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Social Welfare Strategies
by Lawrence H. Thompson - Pension Coverage Among the Baby Boomers: Initial Findings From a 1993 Survey
by John R. Woods - Disability Trends in the United States: A National and Regional Perspective
by William J. Nelson, Jr. - Work Efforts of Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries: Preliminary Findings From the New Beneficiary Followup Survey
by John C. Hennessey and L. Scott Muller - Plan for a New Disability Claim Process
- The Hazard of Mortality Among Aging Retired- and Disabled-Worker Men: A Comparative Sociodemographic and Health Status Analysis
by John L. McCoy, Howard M. Iams, and Timothy Armstrong - Statistical Notes From the New Beneficiary Data System
- Protection Against Income Loss During the First 6 Months of Illness or Injury
by Wilmer L. Kerns - Child Tax Benefits: A Comparison of the Canadian and U.S. Programs
by Wayne S. Long
The Work and Retirement Decisions of Older Women: A Literature Review
This paper reviews the economic literature on the work and retirement decisions of older women. Economic studies generally find that married women respond to the financial reward for work (for example, wages) in making their work and retirement decisions, but that they do not respond to unearned income and wealth (for example, the value of lifetime Social Security benefits). Unmarried women are found to respond to all type of financial variables. Most economic studies find that the family plays only a limited role in the work and retirement decisions of women. The retirement status of the husband does influence the wife's retirement decision, but the health status of the husband does not. The presence of dependents in the household, regardless of whether they are children or parents, is not found to influence work and retirement among women. The relevance of these results to Social Security policy is discussed.
There are a number of reasons to be cautious about the results. The literature to date is small; it is based on data that are deficient in some respects, and it contains studies that have methodological problems. These problems are discussed and prospects for future research are explored.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 57 No. 2
- Design of the Project NetWork Return-to-Work Experiment for Persons with Disabilities
by Kalman Rupp, Stephen H. Bell, and Leo A. McManus - Recent European Trends in Disability and Related Programs
by Ilene R. Zeitzer - The Influence of Social Security Benefits and SSI Payments on the Poverty Status of Children
by John R. Kearney, Herman F. Grundmann, and Salvatore J. Gallicchio - Taxation of Social Security Benefits Under the New Income Tax Provisions: Distributional Estimates for 1994
by David Pattison - Disability Process Redesign: The Proposal from the SSA Disability Process Reengineering Team
- Rethinking Disability Policy: The Role of Income, Health Care, Rehabilitation, and Related Services in Fostering Independence
- Social Welfare Legislation, 1993
by Rita L. DiSimone - Social Security Benefits for Aged Women, December 1993
by Barbara A. Lingg
Social Security and the Emigration of Immigrants
Each year the Social Security Administration forecasts the financial status of the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) programs by projecting trends in key variables such as the labor force participation and earnings of the U.S. population. In the difficult task of projecting the long-term financial status of Social Security, assumptions are made concerning the relationship of immigrants to Social Security. An important aspect of that relationship is the emigration of immigrants.
This paper describes the general assumptions related to the level and timing of emigration that underlie projections of Social Security's financial status and examines how closely these assumptions fit research findings based on a variety of data sources. Previous trends in emigration and factors that may affect current and future levels of emigration are described. The paper also presents theoretical expectations and empirical evidence concerning the timing of emigration.
Cohort-Specific Measures of Lifetime Net Social Security Transfers
This paper develops estimates of lifetime net transfers across cohorts under the Social Security Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) program. Estimates are developed both from the perspective of individual cohorts, indicating the extent to which each cohort has received or can expect to receive its money's worth from the program, and from the perspective of the OASI program, indicating the extent of redistribution across cohorts. This paper also contrasts intercohort redistribution under the present OASI program with the redistribution that would have occurred under two counterfactual pay-as-you-go programs that incorporate different implicit standards of fairness. The data sources and techniques employed in this analysis provide a more accurate and extensive description of the treatment of different cohorts under the OASI program than has been available to date. Estimates based on past or projected data are presented for all cohorts participating in the OASI program since its inception through the cohort born in 2050.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 57 No. 1
- The Work and Retirement Decisions of Older Women: A Literature Review
by David A. Weaver - Geographic Patterns of Disability in the United States
by John L. McCoy, Miles Davis, and Russell E. Hudson - Social Security and the Emigration of Immigrants
by Harriet Orcutt Duleep - Actuarial Status of the Social Security and Medicare Programs
- Statistical Notes from the New Beneficiary Data System
- Social Security Related Legislation in 1993
- Social Security Beneficiaries Enrolled in the Direct Deposit Program, December 1992
by Joseph Bondar - Private Social Welfare Expenditures, 1972–91
by Wilmer L. Kerns - Public Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1991
by Ann Kallman Bixby
1993
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 56 No. 4
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 56 No. 3
- Earnings of Couples: A Cohort Analysis
by Howard M. Iams - Women's Employment and the Social Security System
by Marianne A. Ferber - Treatment of Women in the U.S. Social Security System, 1970–88
by Jane L. Ross and Melinda M. Upp - Workers' Compensation: Coverage, Benefits, and Costs, 1990–91
by William J. Nelson, Jr. - Sampling Variance Estimates for SSA Program Recipients From the 1990 Survey of Income and Program Participation
by Barry V. Bye and Salvatore J. Gallicchio - Benefits and Beneficiaries Under Public Employee Retirement Systems, Fiscal Year 1990
by Ann Kallman Bixby
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 56 No. 2
- Proposals to Modify the Taxation of Social Security Benefits: Options and Distributional Effects
by David Pattison and David E. Harrington - Exploring the Use of the Public's Views to Set Income Poverty Thresholds and Adjust Them Over Time
by Denton R. Vaughan - Social Security and Older Workers
by Michael V. Leonesio - A Comparison of the Recovery Termination Rates of Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries Entitled in 1972 and 1985
by John C. Hennessey and Janice M. Dykacz - Public Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1990
by Ann Kallman Bixby - Children Receiving SSI Payments, December 1992
by Lenna D. Kennedy
The Economic Well-Being of the Old Old: Family Unit Income and Household Wealth
This paper examines the family income and the household wealth and income of old old persons. Subgroups of the old old are compared, and the old old are compared with the young old. When the old old group is separated into three subgroups—widows living alone, other females, and males—the economic status of widows living alone is substantially below that of the other two subgroups. This difference is found when income, wealth, and combined income-wealth measures are used. When the old old group is compared with the young old group, the economic status of the old old is substantially lower for all measures examined. When the three subgroups within both the old old and young old groups are compared, the economic status of each subgroup is lower for the old old for most measures. Income data from the March 1991 Current Population Survey and wealth and income data from the 1984 Survey of Income and Program Participation are used.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 56 No. 1
- Economic Well-Being of the Old Old: Family Unit Income and Household Wealth
by Daniel B. Radner - Beneficiaries Affected by the Annual Earnings Test, 1989
by Joseph Bondar - The Role of Pensions in Retirement Income: Trends and Questions
by Virginia P. Reno - Shifting the Cost of Self-Pay for SSI Workers in Supported Employment
by Aaron J. Prero - Actuarial Status of the Social Security and Medicare Programs
- Income Security in Transition for the Aged and Children in the Soviet Union and in the Russian Federation
by Lillian Liu - Social Security Numbers Issued: A 20-Year Review
by Wayne S. Long - Unemployment Insurance: New Emergency Benefits Extension
by Rita L. DiSimone
1992
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 55 No. 4
- The Development and History of the Poverty Thresholds
by Gordon M. Fisher - SSI Case Closures
by Charles G. Scott - Developments and Trends in Social Security, 1990–1992: Overview of Principal Trends
by Dalmer D. Hoskins - The Development and Use of Industry Data by the Social Security Administration
by Linda M. Dill - Overview of Public Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1990
by Ann Kallman Bixby - Average Wages for 1985–90 for Indexing Under the Social Security Act
by Michael D. Clingman and Jeffrey L. Kunkel
Statistical Methodology for a Comparison of the Individual Characteristics and Death Rates of Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries Entitled in 1972 and 1985
This paper contains the technical details about the statistical methodology used in the article, "A Comparison of the Individual Characteristics and Death Rates of Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries Entitled in 1972 and 1985," published in the Fall 1992 issue of the Social Security Bulletin, vol. 55, no. 3. Logistic regression techniques were used to test for differences between the covariate distribution of the 1972 and the 1985 entitlement cohorts. Survival analysis techniques were used to model the death rates of the two cohorts.
Simulating the Long-Run Aggregate Economic and Intergenerational Redistributive Effects of Social Security Policy
This paper reports on the status of a long-run simulation model of the U.S. economy and its relationships with the Social Security program that was designed with these considerations in mind. The model was developed specifically to analyze the potential equity and efficiency effects of alternative Social Security policies in a long-run context.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 55 No. 3
- The Economic Status of the Aged
by Daniel B. Radner - SSI Modernization Project Final Report of the Experts
- Comparison of Individual Characteristics and Death Rates of Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries Entitled in 1972 and 1985
by John C. Hennessey and Janice M. Dykacz - Workers' Compensation: 1984–88 Benchmark Revisions
by William J. Nelson, Jr. - Private Social Welfare Expenditures, 1972–90
by Wilmer L. Kerns - Unemployment Insurance: Emergency Benefits Extended
by Rita L. DiSimone - Summary of Major 1991 Legislation Affecting Veterans and Servicemembers
by Rita L. DiSimone
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 55 No. 2
- Disability Beneficiaries Who Work and Their Experience Under Program Work Incentives
by L. Scott Muller - The New Beneficiary Data System: The First Phase
by Martynas A. Yčas - Actuarial Status of the Social Security and Medicare Programs
- State and Local Government Workers Covered Under Social Security, 1987
by Wayne S. Long - Children Receiving SSI Payments, December 1991
by Lenna D. Kennedy - Denial of SSI Applications Because of Excess Resources
by Satya Kochhar - Benefits and Beneficiaries Under Public Employee Retirement Systems, Fiscal Year 1989
by Ann Kallman Bixby - Public Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1989
by Ann Kallman Bixby - Security for America's Children: A Report From the Annual Conference of the National Academy of Social Insurance (Part II)
An Assessment of the Economic Status of the Aged
This paper discusses what is known about the economic status of the aged. Numerous complexities involved in the assessment of the economic status of the aged are discussed. Compared with most other recent assessments, this study shows a less favorable status for the aged relative to other age groups. The focus is on an examination of detailed age groups, rather than summary aged and nonaged groups, thus providing a more complete picture of age differences. More than most other assessments, this study stresses uncertainty about the relative status of the aged and emphasizes what we do not know. The need for better adjustments for differences in needs among age and other subgroups of the population is stressed. The need for consistency between the definition of resources and the specification of needs is also emphasized. The vulnerability of the aged to economic risks is discussed.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 55 No. 1
- Income, Assets, and Health Insurance: Economic Resources for Meeting Acute Health Care Needs of the Aged
by Linda Del Bene and Denton R. Vaughan - Disabled SSI Recipients Who Work
by Charles G. Scott - The Social Security Administration's 10-Percent Sample File of OASDI Beneficiaries
by John W. Wagner - Poverty Guidelines for 1992
by Gordon M. Fisher - Unemployment Insurance: Recent Legislation
by Rita L. DiSimone - Workers' Compensation: Coverage, Benefits, and Costs, 1989
by William J. Nelson, Jr. - Security for America's Children: A Report from the Annual Conference of the National Academy of Social Insurance
- Origin of the Term "Social Security"
1991
Two Papers on a New SIPP-Based Microsimulation Model of SSI and OASDI
This working paper includes two interrelated papers presented at the annual meeting of the American Statistical Association in August 1991. The papers outline the central ideas and the progress to date associated with the development of a new microsimulation model for program analysis at the Social Security Administration (SSA). The first paper, Rationale for a SIPP-Based Microsimulation Model of SSI and OASDI, relates the analytical potential of the proposed model to data development efforts intended to overcome specific information gaps. It also suggests areas in which the model can enrich SSA's ability to address issues specifically related to either the Supplemental Security Income or Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance programs or issues requiring comparative analysis of both programs. The second paper, Implementing an SSI Model Using the Survey of Income and Program Participation, describes progress on a preliminary version of the model focusing on the SSI program. It includes a brief description of the model, presentation and discussion of initial results, and comparisons with other studies.
Social Security and Older Workers
Many observers have noted that the long-term decline in labor force participation by older Americans may reflect the evolution of social institutions that effectively discourage work. Often-cited factors include employer discrimination against older workers, private pension plans that penalize continued employment, and the Social Security system. Various policies, such as eliminating Social Security's retirement test, have been proposed with a view to eliminating or lessening employment barriers.
This paper summarizes the economic evidence that addresses the role played by the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) programs in retirement decisions. OASI is shown to have statistically significant effects on both the timing of retirement and the amount of post-retirement work; however, the influence is not large relative to the many other factors that determine the labor-supply decisions of older workers. Consequently, changes in Social Security policy of the type and magnitude that are politically feasible are unlikely to result in large changes in retirement behavior.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 54 No. 12
- Changes in the Incomes of Age Groups, 1984–89
by Daniel B. Radner - SSI Work Incentive Participants, September 1991
by Donald E. Rigby
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 54 No. 11
- Transitional Employment Training for SSI Recipients With Mental Retardation
by Aaron J. Prero and Craig V. Thornton - Overview of Public Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1989
by Ann Kallman Bixby
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 54 No. 10
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 54 No. 9
The Demand for Older Workers: The Neglected Side of a Labor Market
Despite extensive study of the work and retirement decisions of older individuals, the nature of employers' demand for older workers remains relatively unexplored. This paper investigates the plausibility, pervasiveness, and causes of limited employment opportunities for older workers by examining age discrimination, long-term employment relationships, and partial-retirement work options. The central theme is that much of the differential treatment of older workers that persists over time is likely to be part of a privately efficient, economic equilibrium. Provisional implications for Social Security and age-work policy choices are drawn.
Changes in the Incomes of Age Groups, 1984–1989
In recent years there has been great interest in the economic status of the aged, especially in connection with the debates about the appropriate level of Social Security benefits and Medicare coverage and financing. The economic status of the aged relative to other age groups has been of particular interest in these debates. This paper examines changes in the before-tax cash income of the aged and of other age groups from 1984 to 1989. Earlier research found that the real income of the aged rose substantially, both absolutely and relative to the income of the nonaged, from about 1970 to the mid-1980s. It is shown here that from 1984 to 1989 the real income of the aged rose slowly, and fell slightly relative to the income of the nonaged. The different rates of income growth for different aged groups are explored in this paper, with the emphasis on differences between the aged and nonaged. This paper also serves as an update of an earlier paper that contained estimates for the 1967–1984 period. The estimates in this paper generally are consistent with those presented in the earlier article.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 54 No. 8
- Aged SSI Recipients: Income, Work History, and Social Security Benefits
by Charles G. Scott
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 54 No. 7
Would Monetary Policy Be Effective if the OASDI Trust Funds Held Most Treasury Debt?
As a result of the buildup of the Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) trust funds, the supply of U.S. securities to the public by the second and third decades of the next century might become extremely limited. While this increase in Federal savings would lower real interest rates and stimulate investment, the buildup would create a difficulty: it would force Federal Reserve open market operations to be conducted in assets other than Treasury securities. It is important to know whether monetary policy would continue to be effective under this new modus operandi. To answer this question it is necessary to have evidence concerning the transmission mechanism through which monetary policy affects the economy. Obtaining such evidence is especially important now since many economists argue that monetary policy works through a black box which we do not understand. Evidence demonstrating one channel though which monetary policy works is presented here. It is demonstrated that news of increases (decreases) in the Federal Reserve's target for the federal funds rate during the 1974–1979 period lowered (raised) stock prices. This period was unique because the Federal Reserve controlled its operating instrument, the federal funds rate, so closely that market participants were able to discern a change in the target on the day the target changed. This evidence supports the arguments of Tobin and Brunner and Meltzer that the stock market is an important link in the monetary transmission mechanism. The results indicate that if the OASDI trust funds purchased most or all Treasury securities, open market operations conducted using other assets would still be efficacious through this channel. By affecting bank reserves and thus the federal funds rate, these operations would influence stock prices and economic activity.
A Mathematical Demonstration of the Pareto Optimality of Pay-As-You-Go Social Security Programs in a Closed Economy
A 1989 article by Breyer concludes that it is impossible to compensate pensioners in the transition from a pay-as-you-go public pension system to a privatized or funded system without making at least one later generation worse off; Breyer reaches this conclusion in the context of a simple overlapping generations model of a closed economy under the assumption that the transition results in increased saving by workers. Although this conclusion is correct under the increased saving assumption in the relevant domain of the production function, the proof that Breyer provides is not sufficient to establish that fact. This note extends Breyer's analysis to provide a sufficient proof.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 54 No. 6
On the Existence of Pareto-Superior Reversals of Dynamically Inefficient Social Security Programs
Some proponents of the privatization of the Social Security program in the United States have suggested that, because privately available rates of return exceed the internal rate of return implicit in that program, it may be possible to find Pareto-superior privatization schemes. In a similar vein, Townley (1981) argues that, so long as the government can incur debt, a Pareto-superior scheme can always be found to convert a dynamically inefficient pay-as-you-go Social Security program to a fully funded basis. This note uses Townley's own model to demonstrate analytically that Pareto-superior schemes to reverse a dynamically inefficient pay-as-you-go social security program do not exist, either through privatization or through conversion of the program to a fully funded basis.
The Pareto Optimality of Existing Pay-as-You-Go Social Security Programs
In recent years, a number of proposals have been advanced for privatizing all or part of the Social Security program in the United States. These proposals range from the immediate abolition to the gradual phasing-out of Social Security taxes and benefits. This paper evaluates several premises that often underlie privatization proposals—that rates of return in the private sector exceed those implicit in the Social Security program, that privatization would lead to an increase in national saving, and that privatization could somehow improve the lifetime welfare of all affected generations. The paper first considers whether rates of return in the private sector actually exceed those implicit in the Social Security program and discuss the conditions required for privatization to lead to an increase in national saving. The paper then demonstrates theoretically that an existing, well-managed, pay-as-you-go social security program is Pareto optimal in an economy with exogenous factor prices, regardless of the extent to which privately available rates of return exceed those implicit in the pay-as-you-go program; i.e., no privatization scheme can be found that benefits at least one present or future generation without harming at least one other generation, and no scheme can be found that allows the winners from privatization to compensate the losers and still come out ahead. The analysis is extended to incorporate the assumption of endogenous factor prices and the possibility that pay-as-you-go social security programs reduce private saving. The theoretical conclusions are illustrated by using a long-run economic projection model to simulate the aggregate economic and intergenerational redistributive effects of two stylized privatization schemes.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 54 No. 5
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 54 No. 4
- Medicare Costs Prior to Retirement for Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries
by Barry V. Bye, Janice M. Dykacz, John C. Hennessey, and Gerald F. Riley
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 54 No. 3
- Predictors of Mortality Among Newly Retired Workers
by Howard M. Iams and John L. McCoy - Workers' Compensation: Coverage, Benefits, and Costs, 1988
by William J. Nelson, Jr.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 54 No. 2
- Private Social Welfare Expenditures, 1972–88
by Wilmer L. Kerns and Milton P. Glanz
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 54 No. 1
- The Decline in Establishment Reporting: Impact on CWHS Industrial and Geographic Data
by Linda M. Dill, Adah D. Enis, and Cheryl I. Williams
1990
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 53 No. 12
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 53 No. 11
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 53 No. 10
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 53 No. 9
- The Earnings Test and the Short-Run Work Response to Its Elimination
by Michael D. Packard
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 53 No. 8
- Social Security in Portugal: Harmonizing for Europe 1992
by G. Ricardo Campbell
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 53 No. 7
- Women Beneficiaries Aged 62 or Older, 1960–88
by Barbara A. Lingg - Living Arrangements of SSI Recipients
by Charles G. Scott
Simulating Aggregate and Distributional Effects of Various Plans for Modifying the Retirement Earnings Test
Social Security's retirement test continues to receive considerable attention among policymakers. During the past several years a variety of proposals have been advanced that would modify or eliminate the test for persons aged 65–69. In January 1989, we completed a study report, prepared for SSA internal use, that examined several of these proposals, analyzing their effect on earnings, taxes, and benefits in the first year of implementation, assumed to be 1990. The analysis included both aggregate estimates and estimates for selected population subgroups.
Although the specific proposals for modifying the retirement test have changed somewhat during the past 2 years, continued congressional interest has prompted the release of this initial version of our research for public discussion. Because we are in the process of revising the report for final publication, readers are cautioned that numbers and interpretations contained in this paper are subject to change.
The Effect of Removing 70- and 71-Year-Olds from Coverage Under the Social Security Earnings Test
This study attempts to determine how persons aged 65–69 would respond to eliminating the earnings test by looking at the changes in labor market behavior of 70- and 71-year-olds whose earnings test coverage was eliminated beginning in 1983. In particular, it tries to determine whether 70- and 71-year-olds increased their labor force participation and earnings once the earnings test was removed. This issue is important because proposals to eliminate the earnings test for persons aged 65–69 generally assume that a portion of the additional benefit expenses would be recovered by income and payroll taxes generated by increased work effort among this age group.
Economic Retirement Studies: An Annotated Bibliography
This bibliography is a by-product of preparing a review of the economic literature on the effect of Social Security's retirement program on the labor supply of older workers. In the course of organizing a set of scribbled notes, the outline of the current document began to take shape. Several colleagues found earlier, incomplete drafts of these notes to be of some value in their own work, and encouraged me to offer them to a wider audience.
These notes are intended to provide a helpful overview of the models, data sources, and statistical procedures used by economists in recent years to investigate the work-retirement decision.
Retirement-Age Couples by Type of Wife's Social Security Benefit
This study examines the work history and economic circumstances of wives soon after receiving Social Security retirement benefits. Findings are based on a nationally representative sample of married women, aged 62 or over, who received their first benefit either as retired workers or as spouses of retired workers between mid-1980 and mid-1981.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 53 No. 6
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 53 No. 5
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 53 No. 4
- Workers' Compensation: Coverage, Benefits, and Costs, 1987
by William J. Nelson, Jr. - Effects of Social Security Benefit Increase, December 1989
by Joseph Bondar
Alternative Estimates of Economic Well-Being by Age Using Data on Wealth and Income
Most analyses of economic status use only income as the measure of resources. It is clear, however, that wealth also plays an important role in economic well-being. The existence of both income and asset tests for eligibility purposes in several government transfer programs (e.g., Supplemental Security Income, Aid to Families with Dependent Children, food stamps) suggests the importance of both wealth and income. Units of the same age, income, and needs are not equally well off if they have different amounts of wealth. A fully satisfactory way of taking differences in wealth into account in a combined income-wealth measure is not available. Particularly controversial is the comparison of different age groups when such measures are used. This exploratory paper examines the use of income-wealth measures for the analysis of the distribution of economic well-being for age groups in the current period.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 53 No. 3
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 53 No. 2
- Investment of Social Security Reserves in Three Countries
by Leif Haanes-Olsen - Public Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Years 1965–87
by Ann Kallman Bixby - Determinants of Divorce
by Lee A. Lillard and Linda J. Waite
A Review of the Net Revenue Estimates in Robbins and Robbins, "Paying People Not to Work"
This note discusses the net revenue estimates in the report "Paying People Not to Work: the Economic Cost of the Social Security Retirement Earnings Limit," by Aldona Robbins and Gary Robbins.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 53 No. 1
- Income Change at Retirement
by Susan Grad - National Expenditures on Social Security and Health in Selected Countries
by Joseph G. Simanis
1989
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 52 No. 12
- Public Attitudes Toward Social Security
by Sally R. Sherman
Social Security, Uncertainty Adjustments, and the Consumption Decision
This paper reports on an analysis of the consumption decisions of individuals. A consumption function is developed that can be viewed as an extension of the traditional life cycle-permanent income specification, with consumption determined as an age-specific proportion of current and prospective wealth. Special attention is focused on the degree of substitutability between current and prospective wealth and on the differential effects of the various types of prospective income flows on the consumption decision.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 52 No. 11
- Health Insurance Coverage Among Recently Entitled Disability Insurance Beneficiaries: Findings From the New Beneficiary Survey
by L. Scott Muller - Private Social Welfare Expenditures, 1972–87
by Wilmer L. Kerns and Milton P. Glanz
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 52 No. 10
Reflections on the Income Estimates from the Initial Panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)
The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) represents a major effort on the part of the Federal statistical community to improve the quality and comprehensiveness of information on the economic resources of the household sector and to permit a more accurate portrayal of the impact of government tax and transfer programs on the economic status of the population.
This paper will not offer a comprehensive and definitive statement on the quality of SIPP income data. Neither the time nor resources available to the author, nor indeed, the state of SIPP data products, would permit making such a statement. However, enough information is available to offer a tentative interpretation of important aspects of the income data available from the first SIPP panel. Two broad themes will be touched upon. Since it is generally believed that the major technical defect of income surveys is the substantial tendency to underidentify the sources and amounts of income received by the population, the issue of the completeness of the SIPP money income estimates will be the central issue. A second important aspect of income data has to do with its suitability for analytic purposes.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 52 No. 9
- Projected Outcomes and Length of Time in the Disability Insurance Program
by John C. Hennessey and Janice M. Dykacz - Postrecovery Experience of Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries
by Janice M. Dykacz and John C. Hennessey
Pension Coverage Among Private Wage and Salary Workers: Preliminary Findings from the 1988 Survey of Employee Benefits
Pension coverage is declining in the United States, and most of the decline can be attributed to decreasing coverage among younger workers. In addition, it appears that the types of pension coverage are shifting, with a decline in traditional pension plans and an increase in 401(k) plans.
These are perhaps the most important findings from a 1988 survey of American workers, similar to pension surveys in 1972, 1979, and 1983. The 1988 survey collected data from a sample representing 114 million workers who were currently employed. This paper examines patterns of pension coverage among all private wage and salary workers, but focuses on those working full time.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 52 No. 8
- Resources of Supplemental Security Income Recipients
by Charles G. Scott
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 52 No. 7
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 52 No. 6
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 52 No. 5
- Eliminating the Medicare Waiting Period for Social Security Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries
by Barry V. Bye and Gerald F. Riley - Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries and Disabled SSI Recipients: A Profile of Demographic and Program Characteristics
by John L. McCoy and Kerry Weems
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 52 No. 4
- Social Security Financing in North America
by Harry C. Ballantyne - Social Security Related Legislation in 1988
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 52 No. 3
- Net Worth and Financial Assets of Age Groups in 1984
by Daniel B. Radner - A Look at Very Early Retirees
by Michael D. Packard and Virginia P. Reno
Statistical Methods for the Estimation of Costs in the Medicare Waiting Period for Social Security Disabled Worker Beneficiaries
This paper presents the statistical methods used to estimate Medicare costs in the waiting period that were presented in text tables 2–3 of Bye and Riley (1989). The first part describes the development of Medicare utilization equations for each Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) program status group. The second part describes how these equations were used to predict expected costs per month and how the monthly estimates were aggregated to yield estimates of costs in the full 2-year waiting period and in the second year only. Finally, there is a brief discussion of the accuracy of the predictions.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 52 No. 2
- A Study of Supplemental Security Income Awardees
by Charles G. Scott - Worldwide Trends and Developments in Social Security, 1985–87
by Leif Haanes-Olsen - Public Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1986
by Ann Kallman Bixby
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 52 No. 1
1988
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 51 No. 12
- Retirement-Age Women and Pensions: Findings From the New Beneficiary Survey
by John R. Woods - Commentary: Economic Status of the Aged
by Ida C. Merriam - Postwar Changes in the Income Position of the Aged
by Jacob Fisher
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 51 No. 11
- Physically Demanding Occupations, Health, and Work After Retirement: Findings From the New Beneficiary Survey
by Karen C. Holden - Commentary: Actuarial Research and Analysis
by Robert J. Myers - Actuarial Aspects of Financing Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Robert J. Myers - Overview of Public Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1986
by Ann Kallman Bixby - Administrative Costs for Social Security Programs in Selected Countries
by Alexander Estrin
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 51 No. 10
- A Note on Sampling Variance Estimates for Social Security Program Participants From the Survey of Income and Program Participation
by Barry V. Bye and Salvatore J. Gallicchio - Commentary: The Poverty Measure
by Mollie Orshansky - Counting the Poor: Another Look at the Poverty Profile
by Mollie Orshansky - Employment Covered Under the Social Security Program, 1985
by Wayne S. Long
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 51 No. 9
- International Social Security Agreements: The U.S. Experience
by Paul Butcher and Joseph Erdos - Report of the Disability Advisory Council: Executive Summary
- Commentary: SSI and the Low-Income Population
by Jack Schmulowitz - First Year Impact of SSI on Economic Status of 1973 Adult Assistance Populations
by Sylvester J. Schieber
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 51 No. 8
- Private Social Welfare Expenditures, 1972–85
by Wilmer L. Kerns and Milton P. Glanz - Commentary: Earnings Replacement Rate of Old-Age Benefits: An International Comparison
by Max Horlick - The Earnings Replacement Rate of Old-Age Benefits: An International Comparison
by Max Horlick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 51 No. 7
- Workers' Compensation: 1980–84 Benchmark Revisions
by William J. Nelson, Jr. - Commentary: Interagency Data Matching Projects for Research Purposes
by Daniel B. Radner - The 1973 CPS-IRS-SSA Exact Match Study
by Beth Kilss and Frederick J. Scheuren
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 51 No. 6
- Actuarial Status of the OASI and DI Trust Funds
by Harry C. Ballantyne - Actuarial Status of the HI and SMI Trust Funds
- Commentary: Measuring Expenditures for Social Welfare Programs
by Ann Kallman Bixby - Social Welfare in the United States, 1934–54
by Ida C. Merriam
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 51 No. 5
- Women, Marriage, and Social Security Benefits
by Howard M. Iams and Martynas A. Yčas - Commentary: Disability Research
by Barry V. Bye - Identifying the Disabled: Concepts and Methods in the Measurement of Disability
by Lawrence D. Haber
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 51 No. 4
- Social Security Related Legislation in 1987
- Commentary: Continuous Work History Sample
by Warren Buckler - Public Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1985
by Ann Kallman Bixby
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 51 No. 3
- From 1938 to 1988
by Dorcas R. Hardy - As the Bulletin Turns Fifty…
- Commentary: Survey Research in Social Security
by Sally R. Sherman - Income of the Aged in 1962: First Findings of the 1963 Survey of the Aged
by Lenore A. Epstein - Retirement History Study: Introduction
by Lola M. Irelan - The 1982 New Beneficiary Survey: An Introduction
by Linda Drazga Maxfield
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 51 No. 2
Shifts in the Aged-Nonaged Income Relationship, 1979–85
In recent years there has been a substantial amount of discussion about the economic status of the aged. There is a widely accepted view that the status of the aged has improved relative to the nonaged. This view has affected the debate on modifications to the Social Security system and other retirement plans. This paper discusses changes in the economic status of the aged during the past several years, in terms of the real income of the aged and in terms of the income of the aged relative to the income of the nonaged. The analysis uses detailed age groups within both the aged and nonaged groups. This detail is important because summary age groups are not homogeneous. Income change at different income levels within each age group is also examined. Income is adjusted for size of family unit and, in some cases, age of head.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 51 No. 1
The Wealth of the Aged and Nonaged, 1984
This paper discusses and illustrates the use of wealth data for the analysis of the economic status of households. Selected estimates of wealth for 1984 from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) are used as illustrations. The particular focus is on the wealth of age groups, with a special interest in the aged. Comparisons of the amounts and composition of wealth of the aged and nonaged (and of more detailed age groups) are presented. The emphasis is on the economic resources available to households other than the very wealthy. The degree of concentration of wealth, the subject that wealth data traditionally have been used to examine, is not discussed. Thus, this paper reflects a somewhat different perspective on the use of wealth data.
1987
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 50 No. 12
- Policy Analysis Through Microsimulation: The STATS Model
by Bernard Wixon, Benjamin Bridges, and David Pattison - Medicare Utilization by Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries: A Longitudinal Analysis
by Barry V. Bye, Gerald F. Riley, and James Lubitz - State and Local Government Employees Covered Under Social Security, 1984
by Wayne S. Long
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 50 No. 11
- Jobs of Persons Working After Receiving Retired-Worker Benefits
by Howard M. Iams - Social Security Reform in Denmark
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 50 No. 10
- Research and Social Security Policy in the United States
by Jane L. Ross - Economic Policy, Intergenerational Equity, and the Social Security Trust Fund Buildup
by John C. Hambor - Health Care Expenditures: International Comparisons, 1970–80
by Joseph G. Simanis
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 50 No. 9
- Remarks by the Commissioner
by Dorcas R. Hardy - Long-Term Disability Programs in Selected Countries
by Ilene R. Zeitzer and Laurel E. Beedon
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 50 No. 8
- The Future of Social Security
by Dorcas R. Hardy - Money Incomes of Aged and Nonaged Family Units, 1967–84
by Daniel B. Radner - Social Security Reforms in Japan
by Lillian Liu
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 50 No. 7
- Income of Retirement-Aged Persons in the United States
by Martynas A. Yčas and Susan Grad - The Relationships Between Public and Private Pension Schemes: An Introductory Overview
by Max Horlick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 50 No. 6
- Actuarial Status of the OASI and DI Trust Funds
by Harry C. Ballantyne - Actuarial Status of the HI and SMI Trust Funds
by Barbara Klees and Carter Warfield - Public Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1984
by Ann Kallman Bixby
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 50 No. 5
- Fast Facts and Figures about Social Security
by Sally R. Sherman - Program and Demographic Characteristics of Supplemental Security Income Recipients, December 1985
by Arthur L. Kahn - Private Social Welfare Expenditures, 1972–84
by Milton P. Glanz
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 50 No. 4
- Social Security Programs in the United States, 1987
- Work Values of Disabled Beneficiaries
by Joseph Greenblum and Barry V. Bye - Recent Social Security Developments in the People's Republic of China
by Lillian Liu
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 50 No. 3
- Income of New Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries and Their Families: Findings From the New Beneficiary Survey
by Michael D. Packard - The Employment Opportunities for Disabled Americans Act: Legislative History and Summary of Provisions
by Sarah G. Rocklin and David R. Mattson - Women Social Security Beneficiaries Aged 62 or Older, 1960–85
by Barbara A. Lingg
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 50 No. 2
- Recent Trends in Health Near the Age of Retirement: New Findings From the Health Interview Survey
by Martynas A. Yčas - The Effect of Health on Retirement
by Frank J. Sammartino - Developments in the Equalization of Treatment of Men and Women Under Social Security in the Federal Republic of Germany
by Peter Puidak
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 50 No. 1
1986
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 49 No. 12
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 49 No. 11
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 49 No. 10
- Increasing the Social Security Retirement Age: Older Workers in Physically Demanding Occupations or Ill Health
- Life Expectancy and Health Status of the Aged
by Steven H. Chapman, Mitchell P. LaPlante, and Gail Wilensky
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 49 No. 9
- Worldwide Trends and Developments in Social Security, 1983–85
by Jean Marie Ricketts
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 49 No. 8
- Pension Status of Recently Retired Workers on Their Longest Job: Findings From the New Beneficiary Survey
by Donald C. Snyder - Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985
by Mary Ross and Carol Hayes - Administrative Costs for Social Security Programs in Selected Countries
by Max Horlick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 49 No. 7
- Actuarial Status of the OASI and DI Trust Funds
by Harry C. Ballantyne - Actuarial Status of the HI and SMI Trust Funds
by Barbara Klees and Carter Warfield - Interim Assistance Reimbursement Payments
by Howard D. Oberheu
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 49 No. 6
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 49 No. 5
- Cash Benefits for Short-Term Sickness: Thirty-five Years of Data, 1948–83
by Daniel N. Price - Social Security Reform Proposals in the United Kingdom: The White Paper
by Daniel Wartonick - Beneficiaries Affected by the Annual Earnings Test in 1982
by Barbara A. Lingg
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 49 No. 4
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 49 No. 3
- Employment of Retired-Worker Women
by Howard M. Iams - Effects of the OASDI Benefit Increase, December 1985
by Joseph Bondar - Social Security Related Legislation in 1985
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 49 No. 2
- Workers' Compensation: Coverage, Benefits, and Costs, 1983
by Daniel N. Price
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 49 No. 1
1985
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 48 No. 12
- Economic Security, 1935–85
by Virginia P. Reno and Susan Grad
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 48 No. 11
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 48 No. 10
- Fifty Years of Service to Children and Their Families
by Jo Anne B. Ross - Adult Assistance Programs Under the Social Security Act
by Herman F. Grundmann - Unemployment Insurance, Then and Now, 1935–85
by Daniel N. Price
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 48 No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 48 No. 8
- Messages Commemorating Social Security's 50th Anniversary
by Ronald Reagan, Margaret M. Heckler, Martha A. McSteen, John A. Svahn, William J. Driver, Stanford G. Ross, James Bruce Cardwell, Robert M. Ball, Charles I. Schottland, Wilbur J. Cohen, John J. Corson, Alvin M. David, Jack S. Futterman, Ida C. Merriam, Robert J. Myers, and Jo Anne B. Ross - Fifty Years of Social Security
by Martha A. McSteen - Proposals for Social Security Reform in the United Kingdom
by Daniel Wartonick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 48 No. 7
- Income of New Retired Workers by Age at First Benefit Receipt: Findings From the New Beneficiary Survey
by Linda Drazga Maxfield - Assets of New Retired-Worker Beneficiaries: Findings From the New Beneficiary Survey
by Sally R. Sherman - Effects of OASDI Benefit Increase, December 1984
by Joseph Bondar - The 1985 Federal Poverty Income Guidelines
by Gordon M. Fisher
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 48 No. 6
- The Evolution of Privacy and Disclosure Policy in the Social Security Administration
by Sandy Crank - Fifty Years of Operations in the Social Security Administration
by Michael A. Cronin - Actuarial Status of the OASI and DI Trust Funds
by Harry C. Ballantyne - Actuarial Status of the HI and SMI Trust Funds
by Sol Mussey
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 48 No. 5
- Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984: Legislative History and Summary of Provisions
by Katharine P. Collins and Anne Erfle - Income of New Retired Workers by Social Security Benefit Levels: Findings From the New Beneficiary Survey
by Christine Irick - Relationship Between the Retirement, Disability, and Unemployment Insurance Programs: The U.S. Experience
by Virginia P. Reno and Daniel N. Price - The Retirement Equity Act of 1984: A Review
by Edmund T. Donovan
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 48 No. 4
- Employment Covered Under the Social Security Program, 1935–84
by William J. Nelson, Jr. - The 1984 Amendments to the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act
by Daniel N. Price - Benefits and Beneficiaries Under Public Employee Retirement Systems, 1981 and 1982
by Ann Kallman Bixby
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 48 No. 3
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 48 No. 2
- Health Status of New Retired-Worker Beneficiaries: Findings From the New Beneficiary Survey
by Michael D. Packard - Women and Social Security
by Virginia P. Reno - Women Social Security Beneficiaries Aged 62 or Older, 1960–83
by Barbara A. Lingg
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 48 No. 1
- Distribution of Income Sources of Recent Retirees: Findings From the New Beneficiary Survey
by Linda Drazga Maxfield and Virginia P. Reno - Social Security and Private Saving: Theory and Historical Evidence
by Selig D. Lesnoy and Dean R. Leimer
1984
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 47 No. 12
- Deficit Reduction Act of 1983: Provisions Related to the AFDC Program
- Workers' Compensation: Coverage, Benefits, and Costs, 1982
by Daniel N. Price - Social Welfare Expenditures, 1981 and 1982
by Ann Kallman Bixby - Goldfarb and Mathews: Legal Challenges to the Dependency Test for Spouse's Benefits
by Edmund T. Donovan
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 47 No. 11
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 47 No. 10
- Econometric Models and the Study of the Economic Effects of Social Security
by John C. Hambor - Present Policies and Methods Regarding the Long-Term Adjustment of Benefits
by Harry C. Ballantyne
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 47 No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 47 No. 8
- Administration and Service Delivery in the SSI Program: The First 10 Years
by William Farrell, Rene Parent, and Michael Tenney - Cash Benefits for Short-Term Sickness, 1948–81
by Daniel N. Price
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 47 No. 7
- Workers' Compensation: 1976–80 Benchmark Revisions
by Daniel N. Price - The 1984 Federal Poverty Income Guidelines
by Gordon M. Fisher
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 47 No. 6
- Incomes of the Aged and Nonaged, 1950–82
by Susan Grad - Worldwide Developments in Social Security, 1981–83
by Ilene R. Zeitzer - Unemployment Insurance Legislation, 1983
by Daniel N. Price
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 47 No. 5
- Actuarial Status of the OASI and DI Trust Funds
by Harry C. Ballantyne - Actuarial Status of the HI and SMI Trust Funds
by Sol Mussey - Social Security Beneficiaries Enrolled in the Direct Deposit Program, December 1983
by Joseph Bondar
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 47 No. 4
- Changing the Method for Calculating Quarters of Coverage: The Impact on Workers' Insured Status
by William J. Nelson, Jr. - Workers' Compensation Program Experience, 1981
by Daniel N. Price - The Norris Decision
by Martha Remy Yohalem
Evidence on the Effects of Payroll Tax Changes on Wage Growth and Price Inflation: A Review and Reconciliation
The Social Security payroll tax rate is scheduled to increase by almost 1 percent for both employees and employers between now and 1990. One of the major elements of the recently adopted Social Security package was an acceleration of the timing of this increase. A number of economists have recommended that as an anti-inflationary policy scheduled increases be avoided or even that the current rates be rolled back.
The Joint Distribution of Wealth and Income for Age Groups, 1979
This paper examines the economic well-being of age groups in the U.S. using data on both income and wealth. Although income will be discussed, we will focus on wealth in order to exploit relatively current data on wealth that have become available recently.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 47 No. 3
- Sex-Specific Equivalent Retirement Ages: 1940–2050
by Marilyn M. McMillen - Effects of OASDI Benefit Increase, December 1983
by Joseph Bondar
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 47 No. 2
- Health Care Coverage of Survivor Families With Children: Determinants and Consequences
by Philip B. Springer - Social Security Problems in Western European Countries
by Lillian Liu
Family Income, Age, and Size of Unit: Selected International Comparisons
This exploratory paper examines the role of age in the distribution of family income in several countries. Unlike most papers that compare the distribution of income across countries, the primary concern in this paper is not with comparisons of the overall degree of inequality. Instead we are more interested in two aspects of the cross-section relationship between age and income. First, we are interested in the relative economic well-being of income recipient units in different age (of head) groups in several developed countries. In the U.S. in recent years, in connection with modifications to the social security system, there has been considerable discussion of the "fair" level of income of the aged population. That discussion has led us to a particular interest in the relative economic well-being of the aged population in other developed countries. Where the data allow, the aged (age 65 and over) group is split into 65–69 and 70 and over age groups as at least partial recognition that economic well-being can differ markedly among subgroups of the aged population. (Other important characteristics such as labor force participation, sex, and the receipt of government retirement income could not be examined.) This paper attempts an initial look at the very complex subject of the relative economic well-being of different age groups in several countries.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 47 No. 1
- A 10-Year Review of the Supplemental Security Income Program
by John Trout and David R. Mattson - Benefits and Beneficiaries Under Public Employee Retirement Programs, 1980
by Ann Kallman Bixby
1983
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 46 No. 12
- Knowledge of Social Security: Survivor Families With Young Children
by Julian Abbott - Recent Changes to the Railroad Retirement Act
- Chile Changes its Health Care System
by Barbara E. Kritzer
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 46 No. 11
- The 1982 New Beneficiary Survey: An Introduction
by Linda Drazga Maxfield
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 46 No. 10
Social Security and Private Saving: An Examination of Feldstein's New Evidence
In a recent article in the Journal of Political Economy (Leimer and Lesnoy 1982), we presented new time series evidence that cast considerable doubt on earlier evidence presented by Martin Feldstein (1974) which implied that social security had a large and statistically significant negative effect on personal saving in the United States. Our results may be summarized as follows: First, the social security wealth variable used by Feldstein was seriously flawed as a result of a computer-programming error. Simply correcting this error substantially changes the estimated effect of social security on saving. Second, the statistical evidence depends upon assumptions which are embedded in the construction of the social security wealth variable. These assumptions relate, first, to how individuals form their expectations about the social security benefits they expect to receive and the social security taxes they expect to pay and, second, to estimates of the number of workers, dependent wives, and surviving widows who will receive benefits. Adopting reasonable assumptions that differ from those used by Feldstein leads to generally weaker estimates of the relationship between social security and saving. Finally, the estimated relationship between social security and saving is acutely sensitive to the period of estimation examined. We concluded that the time series evidence simply does not support the hypothesis that social security has substantially reduced personal saving in the United States.
Age, Work and Capacity Devaluation
To be awarded Disability Insurance benefits, an individual must have an objectively determinable, severe medical condition or impairment that, according to Social Security regulations, is serious enough that it can be presumed to keep the individual from working. We know, however, that some people who have medical conditions serious enough to qualify them for disability benefits are nevertheless able to continue working, while others who consider themselves unable to work do not have a serious enough impairment to qualify them for benefits. Whether or not a seriously impaired individual files for Social Security Disability Insurance benefits (SSDI) will depend, in part, on his or her own self-assessment of his ability to work, i.e., whether he considers himself to be severely disabled. This self-assessment depends upon many factors in addition to the actual severity of the individual's medical condition. These factors, therefore, become important elements in the decision to apply for SSDI benefits. This report examines how the relationship between measures of actual individual functional capacity and individual self-assessments of work capacity vary by age and other important job-related attributes.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 46 No. 9
- Purchasing Power of U.S. Social Security Benefits Abroad, 1970–82
by Jonathan Aldrich, Alan Fox, and Eduard A. Lopez - Female Social Security Beneficiaries Aged 62 or Older, 1960–82
by Barbara A. Lingg - Interfund Borrowing Under the Social Security Act
by Bruce D. Schobel
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 46 No. 8
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 46 No. 7
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 46 No. 6
- SSI: Trends in State Supplementation, 1979–81
by Sue C. Hawkins - Slowing Down Pension Indexing: The Foreign Experience
by Daniel Wartonick and Michael D. Packard - Utilization of Medicaid Services by AFDC Recipients
by Henrietta J. Duvall
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 46 No. 5
- Unearned Income of Supplemental Security Income Recipients, May 1982
by Lenna D. Kennedy - AFDC: Good Cause Claims for Refusing to Cooperate in Establishing Paternity or Securing Child Support
by Ruthellen Mulberg - 1981 and 1982 Changes in the Unemployment Insurance Program
by Daniel N. Price - Workers' Compensation: Coverage, Benefits, and Costs, 1980
by Daniel N. Price
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 46 No. 4
- SSI: Characteristics of Persons Receiving Federally Administered State Supplementation Only
by Sue C. Hawkins - Farmers' Pensions and the Polish Economic Crisis
by Joseph G. Simanis - Beneficiaries Affected by the Annual Earnings Test in 1978
by Barbara A. Lingg
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 46 No. 3
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 46 No. 2
- Report of the National Commission on Social Security Reform
- Civil Service Retirement System Annuitants and Social Security
by Robert Dalrymple, Susan Grad, and Duke Wilson
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 46 No. 1
- Relative Importance of Various Income Sources of the Aged, 1980
by Melinda M. Upp - Low-Income Energy Assistance Program
by Donald E. Rigby and Charles G. Scott - Special Age-72 Social Security Benefits Awarded in 1981
by Bruce D. Schobel
1982
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 45 No. 12
A Note on Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Discrete Choice Models from the 1978 Survey of Disability and Work
This paper demonstrates an alternative maximum likelihood procedure for estimating discrete choice models in retrospective samples, such as a model of SSA disability beneficiaries or application status in the 1978 Survey of Disability and Work.
Testing the Predictive Power of a Proportional Hazards Semi-Markov Model of Postentitlement Histories of Disabled Male Beneficiaries
In the Disability Amendments of 1980 (P.L. 96-265), Congress mandated that certain experiments be carried out which are designed to encourage disabled beneficiaries to return to work and save trust fund monies. A research plan has been developed which would offer alternative program provisions, experimentally, to different samples of beneficiaries. An observation period of three to four years will be possible before a report to Congress must be written. However, a period of this length is not sufficient to observe, fully, the postentitlement experience of disabled beneficiaries. In order to estimate the long run effects of the experiments, a method is needed which can project postentitlement behavior beyond the observation period.
This paper tests the ability of proportional hazards semi-Markov model to make accurate predictions in this type of setting. The data are divided into two segments: the first 14 calendar quarters and the last 16 quarters. Various types of rate functions including proportional hazards rate functions are estimated on the first segment, then projected over the entire 30 quarters and compared to the actual data. The proportional hazards rate functions are then used in a simulation to estimate monthly benefit cost to the social security disability trust fund over the last 16 quarters, using an age-dependent, absorbing, semi-Markov model. The model does a very good job of capturing the dynamics of the process and should prove quite useful as one of the major components in an analysis of the Work Incentive Experiments.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 45 No. 11
- The Earnings Replacement Rate of Old-Age Benefits in 12 Countries, 1969–80
by Jonathan Aldrich - Retirement Options Under the Swedish National Pension System
by Michael D. Packard - Effects of OASDI Benefit Increase, June 1982
by Joseph Bondar - Black Lung Benefits Revision
by Daniel N. Price - Meaning of the Social Security Number
by Erma W. Barron and Felix Bamberger
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 45 No. 10
- Earnings Replacement Rates and Total Income: Findings From the Retirement History Study
by Alan Fox - Mortality of Older Widows and Wives
by Bertram Kestenbaum, Greg Diez, Marvin Younger, and Howard Shiman - Employment and Supplemental Security Income
by Arthur L. Kahn
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 45 No. 9
- The Health of Very Early Retirees
by Eric R. Kingson - Why Do People Retire From Work Early?
by Robert J. Myers - Cash Benefits for Short-Term Sickness, 1979
by Daniel N. Price
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 45 No. 8
- Recent Trends in the Social Security Disability Insurance Program
by Mordechai E. Lando, Alice V. Farley, and Mary A. Brown
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 45 No. 7
- SSI: Trends and Changes, 1974–80
by Lenna D. Kennedy - Distribution of Family Income: Improved Estimates
by Daniel B. Radner - Foreign-Born Workers Awarded Retirement and Disability Benefits, 1978
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 45 No. 6
- Actuarial Status of the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance Trust Funds
by Harry C. Ballantyne - Characteristics of Newly Awarded Recipients of the Social Security Regular Minimum Benefit
by Bruce D. Schobel and Steven F. McKay
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 45 No. 5
- The Bellmon Report
- Low-Income Aged: Eligibility and Participation in SSI
by Linda Drazga Maxfield, Melinda M. Upp, and Virginia P. Reno
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 45 No. 4
- Aid to Families Width Dependent Children: Characteristics of Recipients in 1979
by Henrietta J. Duvall, Karen W. Goudreau, and Robert E. Marsh
Estimation of Disability Status as a Single Latent Variable in a Model with Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes
In this paper, we are concerned with the underlying structure of self-definitions of disability. Our purpose is to identify the contribution of exertional and nonexertional impairment and the contributions of such nonmedical factors as age, sex, and education to the individuals' assessment of their own situations. On a statistical level, we seek to accomplish a substantial reduction of a large number of data items into a form that can be used conveniently in subsequent behavioral analyses.
The Impact of Local Labor Market Characteristics on the Disability Process
This report examines the impact of local labor market characteristics on three steps in the disability process: The perception of oneself as disabled; the decision to apply for benefits under the social security disability insurance program (SSDI); and the determination of disability status under SSDI. The research attempts to determine whether the elements of an individual's local economic environment play a role in the various steps of the disability process specifically above and beyond his or her own demographic characteristics and economic motivations. Among the key variables used to measure the local economic environment are the unemployment rate, the percent of families below the low income (poverty) level, rural location, occupational diversity and the percent of the unemployed exhausting their unemployment benefits. With the exception of the last variable, which is measured on a statewide basis, all variables pertain to the county of residence.
The results contradict earlier findings which were based on aggregated data. No significant effect on any of the three elements in the disability process was found for either variable measuring the dimensions of the unemployment problem. With few exceptions, results from the other labor market variables were sketchy at best. One surprising result is noted with respect to the benefit replacement ratio, the variable intended to measure the relative attractiveness of SSDI benefits.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 45 No. 3
- Restoration of Certain Minimum Benefits and Other OASDI Program Changes: Legislative History and Summary of Provisions
by John A. Svahn - Actual Costs of the Social Security System Over the Years Compared with 1935 Estimates
by Robert J. Myers - A Look at the Economic Status of the Aged Then and Now
by Melinda M. Upp
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 45 No. 2
- Social Security Benefits of Female Retired Workers and Two-Worker Couples
by Barbara A. Lingg - Benefits for Individual Retired Workers and Couples Now Approaching Retirement Age
by Virginia P. Reno and Anne Dee Rader - Effects of OASDI Benefit Increase, June 1981
by Joseph Bondar - Gifts to the Trust Funds
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 45 No. 1
- Investment Policies and Procedures of the Social Security Trust Funds
by Robert J. Myers - Economic Forecasting: Effect of Errors on OASDI Fund Ratios
by Dwight K. Bartlett III and Joseph A. Applebaum - Long-Range Projection of Average Benefits Under OASDI
by Steven F. McKay - Consumer Price Indexes for the Elderly: British Experience
by Lois S. Copeland
1981
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 44 No. 12
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 44 No. 11
- Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1979
by Ann Kallman Bixby - The Income Survey Development Program: Design Features and Initial Findings
by Martynas A. Yčas and Charles A. Lininger
Adjusted Estimates of the Size Distribution of Family Money Income for 1972
It is well-known that for most purposes income size distribution data collected in household surveys are far from ideal. The problems with those data can be separated into two types: the data items that are collected, and the accuracy of the data collected. Usually, although there are important exceptions, the income data collected are confined to cash income before taxes, thus ignoring the effects of both taxes and noncash income of all types. Also, the income estimates usually are for one year, which often is not the best accounting period for analysis. Furthermore, there usually is a lack of adequate detail by income type, and the data ordinarily are not sufficiently detailed to adjust for changes in the composition of the family unit during the income accounting period.
Analysis of the Advisory Council's Proposal to Tax One-Half of Social Security Benefits
This paper presents analysis of the distributional and other effects of a change from the existing income tax exclusion of Social Security benefits to the proposed 50 percent inclusion. In emphasizing the differences between these two policies, very limited attention will be given to other policy alternatives.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 44 No. 10
- Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1981: Legislative History and Summary of OASDI and Medicare Provisions
by John A. Svahn - International Trends in Disability Program Growth
by Lois S. Copeland - Report of the National Commission on Unemployment Compensation
by Daniel N. Price - Promotion of Subsidized Savings in the Federal Republic of Germany
Social Security and Private Saving: New Time Series Evidence with Alternative Specifications
The purpose of this paper is to consider several alternative specifications of the consumer expenditure function.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 44 No. 9
- Study of Emergency Assistance and Special Needs Programs
by Michael Sosin - Workers' Compensation: Coverage, Benefits, and Costs, 1979
by Daniel N. Price
Value-Added Tax as a Source of Social Security Financing
The data for this study are drawn mainly from the Consumer Expenditure Survey conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics during 1972–73. The respondents are divided into five income classes and two age groups. The focus of this analysis is placed on the consumption-type value-added tax.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 44 No. 8
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 44 No. 7
- Coverage Patterns of Full-Time Employees Under Private Retirement Plans
by Daniel J. Beller - Vesting of Private Pension Benefits in 1979 and Change From 1972
by Gayle Thompson Rogers - A Comparison of Social Security Taxes and Federal Income Taxes
by Bruce D. Schobel
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 44 No. 6
- Analysis of Nonparticipation in the SSI Program
by John A. Menefee, Bea Edwards, and Sylvester J. Schieber - Commitment to Work and the Self-Perception of Disability
by Evan S. Schechter
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 44 No. 5
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 44 No. 4
- Income and Living Arrangements Among Poor Aged Singles
by Thomas Tissue and John L. McCoy - Social Security Disability Amendments of 1980: Legislative History and Summary of Provisions
- SSI Recipients in Medicaid Institutions, December 1979
by Elsa Orley Ponce and Donald E. Rigby
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 44 No. 3
- Aged Widows and OASDI: Age At and Economic Status Before and After Receipt of Benefits
by Gayle Thompson Rogers - Administrative Expenses Under OASDI
by Bruce D. Schobel
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 44 No. 2
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 44 No. 1
- Price and Income Changes for the Elderly
by Benjamin Bridges and Michael D. Packard - Assets of the Elderly as They Retire
by Joseph Friedman and Jane Sjogren
1980
Cohort-Specific Effects of Social Security Policy
Social Security has sizable obligations to workers who contributed and made savings decisions in the anticipation of future benefits, and the assessment of future options must explicitly account for impacts on these as well as future participants. To this end, our paper develops cohort-specific, general-equilibrium comparisons of concrete policy alternatives.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 43 No. 12
- Beneficiaries Affected by the Annual Earnings Test in 1977
by Barbara A. Lingg - Work Experience and Earnings of Middle-Aged Black and White Men, 1965–71
by Julian Abbott
Social Security and the Labor Supply of Aged Men: Evidence From the U.S. Time Series
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the social security system on the labor supply of aged men using U.S. time series data for the period 1947 to 1975. The specific phenomena to be explained is the dramatic decrease in the labor supply of aged men during this period. Between 1947 and 1975, the annual labor force participation rate of men 65 and over decreased from 47.8 percent to 21.7 percent—a decrease of 55 percent. In terms of annual hours worked per capita for men 65 and over, there was a decrease from about 880 hours to 312 hours during this period—a decrease of 65 percent. The specific focus of the analysis will be on the relative importance of social security in explaining this decrease in labor supply.
Social Security and Private Saving: A Reexamination of the Time Series Evidence Using Alternative Social Security Wealth Variables
In an important article in the Journal of Political Economy [1974], Martin Feldstein estimated that the introduction of the social security system had reduced personal saving by 50 percent, with serious consequences for capital formation and output. His conclusion was based on a consumer expenditure function estimated with U.S. time series data and incorporating a social security wealth variable of his construction.
The original intent of this paper was to examine the sensitivity of Feldstein's conclusions to certain assumptions underlying his construction of the social security variable. In particular, we wanted to examine the implication of his assumptions concerning how individuals perceive future benefits and taxes.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 43 No. 11
- Receipt of Multiple Benefits by Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries
by L. Scott Muller - Mandatory Retirement and Labor-Force Participation of Respondents in the Retirement History Study
by David T. Barker and Robert L. Clark - Effects of OASDI Benefit Increase, June 1980
by Barbara A. Lingg
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 43 No. 10
- Workers' Compensation: 1978 Program Update
by Daniel N. Price - Socioeconomic Status of Indochinese Refugees in the United States: Progress and Problems
by Robert E. Marsh - Children's Allowances in the United Kingdom
by Lynn M. Ellingson - Retirement Patterns for Self-Employed Workers
by Joseph F. Quinn
An Example of the Use of Statistical Matching in the Estimation and Analysis of the Size Distribution of Income
This paper discusses the use of statistical matching in the estimation and analysis of the size distribution of family unit personal income. Statistical matching is a relatively new technique that has been used to combine, at the single observation level, data from two different samples, each of which contains some data items that are absent from the other file. In a statistical match, the information brought together from the different files ordinarily is not for the same person but for similar persons; the match is made on the basis of similar characteristics. In contrast, in an "exact" match, information for the same person from two or more files is brought together using personal identifying information.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 43 No. 9
- Distribution of Increased Benefits Under Alternative Earnings Tests
by Louis Esposito, Lucy B. Mallan, and David Podoff - Current Developments in Social Security Financing
by Dwight K. Bartlett III
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 43 No. 8
- Forty-Fifth Anniversary of Social Security
by William J. Driver - Worldwide Trends in Social Security, 1979
by Joseph G. Simanis - Labor-Force Participation of Older Married Women
by John C. Henretta and Angela M. O'Rand
Social Security and Retirement
Empirical evidence suggests that Social Security causes many individuals to retire earlier than otherwise. An important policy question is whether the program should be designed to lessen or eliminate this induced retirement effect. This paper proposes a framework for analyzing the socially desirable relationship between Social Security and retirement. Two common rationales for the program, forced saving and retirement insurance, are examined. If importance is attached to either of these rationales, then it is shown that retirement neutrality should probably not be a feature of Social Security.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 43 No. 7
- Changing the Taxable Maximum: Effect on Social Security Taxes by Industry and Firm Size
by Louis Esposito, David Podoff, and Aaron J. Prero - SSI: Trends in State Supplementation, 1974–78
by Sue C. Hawkins - Women Social Security Beneficiaries Aged 62 and Older, 1960–79
by Barbara A. Lingg
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 43 No. 6
- Changing Commitments of American Women to Work and Family Roles
by Helena Znaniecka Lopata and Kathleen Fordham Norr - Report of the Universal Social Security Coverage Study Group: Executive Summary
- European Attitudes Toward Retirement
by Daniel Wartonick
Pension Coverage and Vesting Among Private Wage and Salary Workers, 1979: Preliminary Estimates from the 1979 Survey of Pension Plan Coverage
This paper examines pension coverage and vesting in 1979 among private wage and salary workers aged 14 and older in the employed labor force. Coverage and vested status are examined in relation to personal and current job characteristics in order to provide a profile of workers protected and not protected under the private retirement system. The data are derived from the 1979 Survey of Pension Plan Coverage, a supplement to the May 1979 Current Population Survey.
Three major findings emerge from the analysis. First, coverage rates among full-time workers increased slightly between 1972 and 1979, and vested rates increased substantially during the same period. Second, although coverage rates were moderate to high for certain groups of workers, many workers were not in these groups. Third, women were much less likely than men to be covered by a retirement plan and to have acquired vested rights to their benefits.
Receipt of Multiple Benefits by Disabled Worker Beneficiaries
In 1971, 44 percent of workers who had been currently entitled to social security disability insurance benefits (SSDI) for 1 year or more received benefits from at least one income source in addition to SSDI. These recipients of multiple benefits (RMB's) were found to have average benefits from SSDI which were greater than the average SSDI benefit for those who did not receive income from these additional sources. On the average, total benefits to RMB's were double the benefits paid to those who received only SSDI. The combined benefits for overlappers produced median replacement rates for nonoverlappers. The rate of receipt of replacement rates in excess of 80 percent of predisability earnings was 70 percent larger for persons who were RMB's than for those who were not.
Based on the present research, consideration of replacement rates based solely on SSDI benefits substantially understates the extent to which benefits from public and private programs actually replace predisability earnings. Since replacement rates based solely on SSDI benefits are generally higher for persons receiving only SSDI than for persons who receive multiple benefits, employing policies which cap replacement rates based only on SSDI benefits may only serve to increase the differential in the total replacement of predisability earning which exists between those who receive multiple benefits and those who do not. Increasing this differential could be considered undesirable from both the adequacy and equity viewpoints.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 43 No. 5
- Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1978
by Alma W. McMillan and Ann Kallman Bixby - Social Security Financing
Inflation and the Accumulation of Assets in Private Pension Funds
This paper examines the effect of inflation on private pension saving. The role that private pensions can or should play in providing income in old age in the current inflationary environment is an important policy issue. A number of studies have discussed the effect of inflation on pensions. This study extends the existing analysis and presents the first empirical estimates. Inflation is seen to have a large negative effect on this aspect of retirement saving by workers.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 43 No. 4
- Allocation of Time and Resources by Married Couples Approaching Retirement
by Robert L. Clark, Thomas Johnson, and Ann Archibald McDermed - Labor-Force Participation Patterns of Older Self-Employed Workers
by Joseph F. Quinn - A General Model of Labor-Market Behavior of Older Persons
by Marjorie Honig and Giora Hanoch - Benefits and Beneficiaries Under Public Employee Retirement Systems, Calendar Year 1977
by Ann Kallman Bixby and Alma W. McMillan
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 43 No. 3
- SSI Payments to Lawfully Resident Aliens, 1978–79
by Lenna D. Kennedy and Jack Schmulowitz - Demographic Factors in the Disability Determination Process: A Logistic Approach
by Jesse M. Levy - Social Security Beneficiaries Using Direct Deposit Procedure, December 1978
by Barbara A. Lingg - Child Support Enforcement Program
by Kurt Beron
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 43 No. 2
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 43 No. 1
- Health Care Expenditures in Nine Industrialized Countries, 1960–76
by Joseph G. Simanis and John R. Coleman - Survey of Disabled Children Under SSI Program
- Domestic Workers Covered Under OASDHI, 1976
by Bertram Kestenbaum - Alcoholics and Drug Addicts Receiving SSI Payments, August 1977
by Thomas V. Rush
Optimal and Majority-Voting Equilibrium Levels of Social Security
In the recent economic literature on social security, much attention has been focused on its welfare implications (e.g., Samuelson [1975]), and its impacts on individual retirement decisions (e.g., Boskin [1977]), Sheshinski [1978], Diamond and Mirrlees [1978]) and capital accumulation (e.g., Feldstein [1974], Munnell [1974], and Kotlikoff [1979]). In all these works, the level of social security is assumed to be exogenous although it is often determined in the real world by the desire of the majority of voters and thus is an endogenous variable of the economic system. While Browning [1975] and Hu [1978] did consider the determination of social security by a majority-voting process, they used the partial-equilibrium approaches in the sense that wages and the interest rate were assumed exogenous and independent of social security. The present paper constructs a simple three-period life-cycle model in which social security is determined by the majority-voting process, and the rate of interest by the demand for and supply of capital. In this framework, the tax rate voted by each person depends on the market rate of interest, which in turn is affected by the prevailing tax rate. It is assumed that social security is financed by a pay-as-you-go plan.
1979
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 42 No. 12
- Low-Income Widows and Other Aged Singles
by Thomas Tissue - Effects of OASDI Benefit Increase, June 1979
by Barbara A. Lingg - Recent Changes in French Family Allowance Policy
by Lynn M. Ellingson
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 42 No. 11
- Demographic and Economic Characteristics of Nonbeneficiary Widows: An Overview
by Tim Sass - Mortality Reporting in SSA Linked Data: Preliminary Results
by Wendy Alvey and Faye Aziz - Subjective Retirement
by Janet H. Murray - Cash Benefits For Short-Term Sickness, 1977
by Daniel N. Price
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 42 No. 10
- Disability Benefit Applications and the Economy
by Mordechai E. Lando, Malcolm B. Coate, and Ruth Kraus - Supplemental Security Income: Optional State Supplementation, October 1977
by Donald E. Rigby and Elsa Orley Ponce - Workers' Compensation: Coverage, Payments, and Costs, 1977
by Daniel N. Price
Life-Cycle Welfare Costs of Social Security
One-period models predict that a substantial welfare gain would result from removing the Social Security earnings test. In this paper we show that such models overestimate the size of potential gains.
If one uses instead a two-period model, which captures intertemporal effects, the net result of removing the earnings test is ambiguous. In the presence of a personal income tax, workers who reduce their labor supply in the first period create a welfare loss that must also be considered. We use a present-value model to estimate the change in lifetime welfare. We find that the net potential gain from removing the earnings test is probably small, especially when compared with the alternative of an increased personal income tax.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 42 No. 9
- Educational and Economic Characteristics of Student Beneficiaries: Black-White Differences
by Diane Huntley - Need Determination in AFDC Program
by Elizabeth Chief - Tax Impact From Elimination of the Retirement Test
by Josephine G. Gordon and Robert N. Schoeplein
The Macroeconomic Effects of a Payroll Tax Rollback
In late 1977, the U.S. Congress passed Social Security legislation that included a series of increases in the payroll tax. These increases, which began in 1979 and carry on into the 1980s, substantially raise the projected levels of the Social Security trust funds. Since the amendments were passed, there has been some discussion and several proposals to roll back part of the tax. It is highly likely that additional rollback proposals will be made in the near future. The purpose of this paper is to shed some light on some of the macroeconomic effects of a payroll tax rollback.
The Family Labor Supply Response to Disabling Conditions
The role of time as an input into the utility maximization process has long been recognized in the labor/leisure decision. Expanded research has dealt with this input in a family context. Assuming a joint utility maximization model, the resulting labor supply functions can be determined for both spouses.
The model presented here is an extension of previous models by its incorporation of the effects of disabling conditions of the husband on the labor supply decisions of both spouses.
Because hours worked takes on a lower limit of zero, the standard simultaneous equation techniques would yield estimates lacking the ideal properties. Instead, the model is estimated using a simplification of a simultaneous TOBIT technique, which yields consistent estimates.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 42 No. 8
- Social Security: A Worldwide Issue
by Stanford G. Ross - Effect of Rehabilitation on Employment and Earnings of the Disabled: Sociodemographic Factors
by Joseph Greenblum - Countercyclical U.S. Fertility and its Implications
by William P. Butz and Michael P. Ward - Social Security Beneficiaries Receiving SSI Payments
by Herman F. Grundmann
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 42 No. 7
- Antecedents of Mortality Among the Old-Age Assistance Population
by John L. McCoy - Income of the Population Aged 55 and Older, 1976
by Susan Grad and Karen Foster - Experience of Federal Annuitants Under OASDHI: Age and Sex
by Daniel N. Price - Centralizing Welfare Program Data in Canada and the U.S.
by Christopher Leman
Selection of Simple and Stratified Random Samples of Fixed Size Without Replacement
For the past few years, the Division of Disability Studies has been using simple random and stratified random sampling procedures for many of its studies. The beneficiary sample for the 1978 Survey of Disability and Work was a stratified random sample drawn from the Master Benefit Record. The samples used in the Study of Consistency and Validity of Initial Disability Decisions and the Trial Work Period Folder Study also used simple random sampling procedures. Simple random subsampling has been used to enable multivariate analysis to be performed on files that would otherwise have been too large for existing software.
Because of the Division of Disability Studies' wide use of simple and stratified random sampling designs, software was developed to efficiently accomplish these sampling schemes. This paper describes the algorithm and presents the computer programs that are currently being used in the division.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 42 No. 6
- Social Welfare Expenditures Under Public Programs, Fiscal Year 1977
by Alma W. McMillan - Blind and Disabled Persons Awarded Federally Administered SSI Payments, 1975
by Satya Kochhar - German Provisions for Deferred Retirement
by Max Horlick and Ingrid Wooten
Coefficients of Between-Group Inequality: A Review
The quest for suitable indices to summarize the inequality between two groups has lagged behind the effort to obtain summary coefficients of within-group inequality. Numerous measures of within-group inequality were proposed, and their merits and shortcomings debated. Yet, apparently, at the same time, there was little exploration of alternative indices to the ratio-of-medians and ratio-of-means for measuring differences between groups.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 42 No. 5
- Workers' Compensation Program in the 1970's
by Daniel N. Price - Men and Women: Changing Roles and Social Security
- Social Security and Private Saving: Another Look
- OASDI Actuarial Reduction Factor Recomputed
by George Stepanovich - Prevalence of Work Disability by State, 1976
by Mordechai E. Lando
Labor Supply, the Payroll Tax, and Internal Rates of Return to Social Security
There is empirical evidence that in the recent past the Old-Age Insurance portion of the Social Security program has acted as a net wage subsidy. In addition, the program had significant intragenerational redistributive effects. Our purpose is to demonstrate how these findings alter conventional views of the labor supply effects of Social Security. Our method is the analysis of a labor supply model that is extended to include empirically significant operational components of the program. We show that the analyses of others are special cases of our more general approach.
A Causative Matrix Approach to Mobility Studies
Markov models have been widely used for the analysis and prediction of shifts in population distribution over time. The point of departure for most of these analyses has been the finite state, time stationary Markov chain. The usual Markov chain model has, however, been shown to be inadequate for most social science applications.
This paper presents a particular kind of discrete time nonstationary Markov chain. Such chains will be built using a mathematical quantity called a causative matrix.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 42 No. 4
- Recovery of Disabled Beneficiaries: A 1975 Followup Study of 1972 Allowances
by Ralph Treitel - Appeals Under the SSI Program: January 1974-August 1976
by Satya Kochhar - Italy's National Health Service Plan
by Frank B. McArdle
Federal Income Taxes, Social Security Taxes, and the U.S. Distribution of Income, 1972
This paper reports on estimates of federal income tax and Social Security tax liabilities of family units in 1972 and summarizes the methods used to make the estimates. Distributions of income both before and after subtracting those liabilities are shown. Several microdata files were combined using both "exact" and "statistical" matching of individual observations in the process of making these estimates.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 42 No. 3
- Effect of Substantial Gainful Activity Level on Disabled Beneficiary Work Patterns
by Paula A. Franklin and John C. Hennessey - Mandating Private Pensions: Experience in Four European Countries
by Max Horlick - OASDHI-Covered Earnings of Indochina Refugees, 1976
by Harold A. Grossman - Social Security Related Legislation in 1978
A Measure of Functional Capacity
A long-term disability reflects the interaction between a continued physical or mental impairment that limits functioning and restrictions and requirements of the social environment. Impairments and functional limitations are, however, central to any disability, and the Social Security Administration is constructing measures to assess the impact these factors have on the development of disability.
In particular, SSA is interested in work disability or loss of or reduction in the ability to work. The functional capacity index presented in this paper was developed for that purpose. Based on a model prevalent in the literature, the index is an attempt to represent the underlying medically related aspects of disability in contrast to other factors such as the person's age, educational level, or work history.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 42 No. 2
- Effect of SSI on Medicaid Caseloads and Expenditures
by Sue C. Hawkins and Donald E. Rigby - Black-White Differences in Private Pensions: Findings From the Retirement History Study
by Gayle B. Thompson - Mandatory Employment of the Handicapped
by Lois S. Copeland
Disability Beneficiary Recovery
In recent years, the number of workers awarded disability insurance benefits has rapidly increased, while there has been no corresponding increase in the numbers leaving the rolls for recovery. Concern has been expressed that cash benefit payments may be leading to disincentives to beneficiaries to return to work after medical improvement
To examine this question, a comparative analysis was made of the demographic, disability, and benefit characteristics of a sample of disabled workers who left the benefit rolls for recovery in contrast to the characteristics of those who remained on the rolls after award of disability benefits in 1972. Characteristics related to greater recovery included younger age, higher education, disability due to traumatic injury, residence in western states.
A Re-examination of the Link Between Social Security and Saving
This paper attempts to make two contributions to this research. The first one is expositional. A simple overlapping generation's model is developed and used to reinvestigate the wealth and endowment redistribution effects from the introduction of pay-as-you-go social security. Our second contribution is substantive and extends the analysis of the endowment redistribution effect. Finally, perspective is offered on the relationship between pay-as-you-go social security and private saving.
Disability Claimants Who Contest Denials and Win Reversals Through Hearings
This paper presents the social and demographic characteristics of those disability claimants whose cases go to hearing. Particular attention is given to how these characteristics may be related to (1) the individual decision to contest a denial or accept it; (2) the general increase in disability claims and contested applications in recent years; and (3) the high proportion of reversals in hearings.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 42 No. 1
- Age Differences in Health Care Spending, Fiscal Year 1977
by Robert M. Gibson and Charles R. Fisher - Earnings Replacement Rates of Retired Couples: Findings From the Retirement History Study
by Alan Fox - Comparison of Aged OASDI and SSI Recipients, 1974
by Sally R. Sherman - A Study of Medical Care Use Under Two Comprehensive Prepaid Plans
by Anne A. Scitovsky
1978
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 41 No. 12
- Older Workers Uninsured for Retired-Worker Benefits
by Lucy B. Mallan and Donald Cox - Beneficiaries Affected by the Annual Earnings Test in 1975
by Barbara A. Lingg - Institutionalized SSI Recipients Covered by Medicaid, June 1977
by Macolm M. Morrison
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 41 No. 11
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 41 No. 10
- Cash Benefits for Short-Term Sickness, 1948–76
by Daniel N. Price - The 1973 CPS-IRS-SSA Exact Match Study
by Beth Kilss and Frederick J. Scheuren - Effects of OASDI Benefit Increase, June 1978
by Barbara A. Lingg - Recent Social Security Developments in Japan
by Angus Simmons
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 41 No. 9
- Private Health Insurance Plans In 1976: An Evaluation
by Marjorie Smith Carroll - Student OASDI Beneficiaries: Program Utilization and Educational Aspirations
by Robert I. K. Hastings - Social Security and Job-Creation Measures: Recent French Experience
by Lois S. Copeland
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 41 No. 8
- Access to Social Security Microdata Files for Research and Statistical Purposes
by Lois A. Alexander and Thomas B. Jabine - Ineligible Spouses of SSI Beneficiaries, December 1976
by Lenna D. Kennedy - Black Lung Amendments of 1977
- Italy's Indexing, Minimum Benefits, and Pension Reform
by Frank B. McArdle
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 41 No. 7
- National Health Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1977
by Robert M. Gibson and Charles R. Fisher - Changes in Food Expenditures, 1969–73: Findings From the Retirement History Study
by Janet H. Murray - Israel's Program Revision for Families with Children
by Leif Haanes-Olsen - National Survey of the Black Aged
by Ethel Shanas and Gloria Heinemann
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 41 No. 6
- The Bulletin Turns Forty
- Health Status Among Low-Income Elderly Persons: Rural-Urban Differences
by John L. McCoy and David L. Brown - OASDHI-Covered Earnings Indochina Refugees, 1975
by Harold A. Grossman
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 41 No. 5
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 41 No. 4
- 1972 Survey of Disabled and Nondisabled Adults: Chronic Disease, Injury, and Work Disability
by Aaron Krute and Mary Ellen Burdette - Impact of Recession on Swiss Pension Program
by Frank B. McArdle
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 41 No. 3
- Social Security Amendments of 1977: Legislative History and Summary of Provisions
by John Snee and Mary Ross - Financial Status of Social Security Program After the Social Security Amendments of 1977
by A. Haeworth Robertson - Workers' Compensation: Coverage, Benefits, and Costs, 1976
by Daniel N. Price
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 41 No. 2
- Pension Coverage and Benefits, 1972: Findings From the Retirement History Study
by Gayle B. Thompson - First Year Impact of SSI on Economic Status of 1973 Adult Assistance Populations
by Sylvester J. Schieber - Recent Social Security Developments in Austria
by Lois S. Copeland
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 41 No. 1
- Earnings-Replacement Rate of Old-Age Benefits, 1965–75, Selected Countries
by Leif Haanes-Olsen - Men With Low OASDHI-Covered Earnings Not Counted as Poor in the CPS
by Bertram Kestenbaum - Support Systems of Widows in the Chicago Area
by Helena Znaniecka Lopata
1977
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40 No. 12
- Effect of Vocational Rehabilitation on Employment and Earnings of the Disabled: State Variations
by Joseph Greenblum - SSI Recipients in Domiciliary Care Facilities: Federally Administered Optional Supplementation, March 1976
by Satya Kochhar - Effects of OASDI Benefit Increase, June 1977
by Barbara A. Lingg - Effect of Medical Staff Characteristics on Hospital Cost
by Mark V. Pauly
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40 No. 11
- Federal Civil-Service Annuitants and Social Security, December 1975
by Daniel N. Price and Andrea Novotny - Employee-Benefit Plans, 1975
by Martha Remy Yohalem - Dual Receipt of Disabled-Worker Benefits Under OASDHI and Workers' Compensation
by Daniel N. Price
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40 No. 10
- Lifetime Covered Earnings and Quarters of Coverage of Retired and Disabled Workers, 1972
by Barbara A. Lingg - Aid to Families With Dependent Children: An Overview, October 1977
by Leon D. Platky - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, Fiscal Year 1976 and Transition Quarter
by Sophie R. Dales - Kinship and Social Security in a Micronesian Society
by Keith M. Marshall and Mark Borthwich
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40 No. 9
- Beneficiaries Affected by Annual Earnings Test in 1973
by Barbara A. Lingg - Studies of the Characteristics of AFDC Recipients
by Howard D. Oberheu - OASDI Representative Payees, 1973
by Frederick L. Cone
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40 No. 8
- Age Differences in Health Care Spending, Fiscal Year 1976
by Robert M. Gibson, Marjorie Smith Mueller, and Charles R. Fisher - Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries Under OASDI: Comparison With Severely Disabled PA Recipients
by Michael Hooker and Aaron Krute - Effect of Hospital Management Practices on Hospital Performance
by Selwyn W. Becker, Stephen M. Shortell, and Duncan Neuhauser
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40 No. 7
- Employment and Work Adjustments of the Disabled: 1972 Survey of Disabled and Nondisabled Adults
by Evan S. Schechter - Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Elderly: Some Black-White Differences
by Julian Abbott - American Indian SSI Recipients in Selected Areas
by Jack Schmulowitz and Richard A. Bell - New Retirement-Age Features in Belgium
by Lois S. Copeland
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40 No. 6
- Private Health Insurance in 1975: Coverage, Enrollment, and Financial Experience
by Marjorie Smith Mueller - Medicare Patients: Geographic Differences in Hospital Discharge Rates and Multiple Stays
by Marian Gornick - Income of SSI Recipients, December 1975
by Lenna D. Kennedy
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40 No. 5
- Impact of Disability on the Family Structure
by Paula A. Franklin - Coinsurance and the Demand for Physician Services: Four Years Later
by Anne A. Scitovsky and Nelda McCall - Cash Benefits for Short-Term Sickness, 1975
by Daniel N. Price - Federal Civil Service and Military Retirement Programs Legislation, 94th Congress
by Alfred M. Skolnik
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40 No. 4
- National Health Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1976
by Robert M. Gibson and Marjorie Smith Mueller - Aged Women OASDI Beneficiaries: Income and Characteristics, 1971
by Gayle B. Thompson - Health Maintenance Organization Amendments of 1976
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Former Welfare Families Independence and Recurring Dependency
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40 No. 3
- New Retirees and the Stability of the Retirement Decision
- Private Industry Health Insurance Plans: Type of Administration and Insurer in 1974
by Daniel N. Price - Private Industry Health Insurance Plans: Employment Requirements for Coverage in 1974
by Andrea Novotny - Earnings Index and Old-Age Benefits in West Germany
by Max Horlick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40 No. 2
- The Survey of the Low-Income Aged and Disabled: An Introduction
by Thomas Tissue - State Supplementation Under SSI, 1975
by Sue C. Hawkins - Legislation in 1976
- Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 1976
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Widowed-Father Beneficiaries
by Barbara A. Lingg - Effect of Recession on Financing of German Pension Program
by Lois S. Copeland
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 40 No. 1
- Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1976
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Sophie R. Dales - OASDI: Fiscal Basis and Long-Range Cost Projections
by A. Haeworth Robertson - Thirteenth Valuation of the Railroad Retirement System
by R. E. Larson - Workers' Compensation Coverage, Payments, and Costs, 1975
by Daniel N. Price - Alimony and Public Income Support: Fifteen Countries
by Elizabeth Kreitler Kirkpatrick - Labor Mobility of Low- and High-Wage Workers, 1959–63
by George H. Hildebrand and Richard M. Block
1976
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39 No. 12
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39 No. 11
- Characteristics of Student OASDI Beneficiaries in 1973: An Overview
by Philip B. Springer - Maintaining Value of Social Security Benefits During Inflation: Foreign Experience
by Martin B. Tracy - Social Security Benefits for Students, 1965–75
by Barbara A. Lingg - Social Security Numbers Issued to Indochina Refugees in 1975
by Harold A. Grossman
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39 No. 10
- Disability Insurance: Program Issues and Research
by Mordechai E. Lando and Aaron Krute - First Findings of the 1972 Survey of the Disabled: General Characteristics
by Kathryn H. Allan - A Look at Workers' Compensation Beneficiaries
by Daniel N. Price - Social Security Beneficiaries with Spanish Surnames in the Southwest
by George Stepanovich
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39 No. 9
- Twenty-Five Years of Employee-Benefit Plans
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, Fiscal Year 1975: A Quarter-Century Review
by Sophie R. Dales - Study of the Measure of Poverty
- Housewives and Pensions Foreign Experience
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39 No. 8
- Retirement Patterns in the United States: Research and Policy Interaction
by Lenore E. Bixby - Impact of Substantial Gainful Activity Level on Disabled Beneficiary Work Patterns
by Paula A. Franklin - Questions on Social Security and the Future Work Force
by Virginia P. Reno
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39 No. 7
- Ten Years of Medicare: Impact on the Covered Population
by Marian Gornick - Cash Benefits for Short-Term Sickness, 1948–74
by Daniel N. Price - Chronology of Health Insurance Proposals, 1915–76
- Automatic Increases Under the Social Security Programs
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Cost-of-Living Increases for Railroad Retirement Benefits
- Impact of Recession on Financing of French Program
by Lois S. Copeland
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39 No. 6
- Private Pension Plans, 1950–74
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Age Differences in Health Care Spending, Fiscal Year 1975
by Marjorie Smith Mueller and Robert M. Gibson - Administrative Costs for Social Security Programs in Selected Countries
by Max Horlick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39 No. 5
- Contrasts in HMO and Fee-for-Service Performance
by Clifton R. Gaus, Barbara S. Cooper, and Constance G. Hirschman - Demographic Characteristics of Disability Applicants: Relationship to Allowances
by Mordechai E. Lando - Social Security Funding Practices in Selected Countries
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39 No. 4
- Women's Worklives and Future Social Security Benefits
by Lucy B. Mallan - World Developments and Trends in Social Security
by Martin B. Tracy - Hospital Organization Effectiveness of Patient Care
by Gerald Gordon
Wage Averaging Rules and the Distribution of Social Security Benefits
This paper analyzes four aspects of the Social Security benefit computation—the indexing of wage histories prior to computing average indexed monthly earnings, the number of years over which wages are averaged, the particular years of wages that are eligible for inclusion in the average, and the method of adjusting for length of service in the paid labor force. It reports how particular groups of retirees—men and women, blacks and whites, high-wage and low-wage—would fare under alternative benefit computation schemes.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39 No. 3
- Private Health Insurance in 1974: A Review of Coverage, Enrollment, and Financial Experience
by Marjorie Smith Mueller and Paula A. Piro - Social Security in the Coming Decade: Questions for a Mature System
by Juanita M. Kreps - Social Security Act Amendments
- New Retirement Options in Sweden
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39 No. 2
- National Health Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1975
by Marjorie Smith Mueller and Robert M. Gibson - The Economic Cost of Illness Revisited
by Barbara S. Cooper and Dorothy P. Rice - Self-Employment Income At Low Earnings Levels
by Aaron J. Prero - Health Benefits for Laidoff Workers
by Daniel N. Price
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 39 No. 1
- Social Welfare Expenditures, 1950-75
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Sophie R. Dales - Born To Be Poor: Birthplace and Number of Brothers and Sisters As Factors in Adult Poverty
by Mollie Orshansky and Judith S. Bretz - Workers' Compensation Coverage, Payments, and Costs, 1974
by Daniel N. Price - Foreign Health Programs: Changes in Population Covered
by Joseph G. Simanis and Peter Benson
1975
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38 No. 12
- Payroll Taxes Under Social Security Programs: Cross-National Survey
by Martin B. Tracy - The Interaction Between Health and Education
by Mordechai E. Lando - Compulsory Health Insurance in Hawaii
by Alfred M. Skolnik
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38 No. 11
- Expenditures for Hospital Care and Physicians' Services: Factors Affecting Annual Changes
by Nancy L. Worthington - Effect of Financing Disabled Beneficiary Rehabilitation
by Ralph Treitel - Effect of OASDI Benefit Increase, June 1975
by Barbara A. Lingg - Railroad Unemployment and Sickness Benefit Amendments of 1975
by Andrea Novotny - Social Security Revision in the United Kingdom
by Martin B. Tracy
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38 No. 10
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38 No. 9
- Income of the Newly Disabled: Survey of Recently Disabled Adults
by Philip Frohlich - Health Insurance for the Unemployed Abroad
by Frankie P. Taylor and Leif Haanes-Olsen - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, Fiscal Year 1974
by Sophie R. Dales
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38 No. 8
- Social Security—Forty Years Later
- Activities and Expenditures of Preretirees
by Janet H. Murray - Retired-Worker Beneficiaries Affected by the Annual Earnings Test in 1971
by Barbara A. Lingg - Quadrennial Advisory Council on Social Security: Summary of Major Findings and Recommendations
- Canada Pension Plan Amended
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38 No. 7
- Social Security, Saving, and Capital Formation
by Selig D. Lesnoy and John C. Hambor - Medicare Patients: Regional Differences in Length of Hospital Stays, 1969–71
by Marian Gornick - Automatic Increases Under the Social Security Programs
by Albert Rettig - Work After Retirement: Some Psychological Factors
by George L. Maddox and Gerda G. Fillenbaum - New Private Pension Law in the Federal Republic of Germany
by Max Horlick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38 No. 6
- Age Differences in Health Care Spending, Fiscal Year 1974
by Marjorie Smith Mueller and Robert M. Gibson - Conversions to Supplemental Security Income From State Assistance: A Program Records Study
by Lenna D. Kennedy, Dorothea Thomas, and Jack Schmulowitz - Medicare, Number of Persons Insured, July 1,1973
by Martin Ruther - Unemployment Insurance Benefits Temporarily Expanded
by Alfred M. Skolnik
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38 No. 5
- Young Widows and Their Children: A Comparative Report
by Lucy B. Mallan - Employee-Benefit Plans, 1973
by Walter W. Kolodrubetz - Guaranteed Income In Belgium
by Frankie P. Taylor - Growth of the Supplemental Security Income Program in 1974
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38 No. 4
- Paying for Health Care in the Years Before Retirement
by Dena K. Motley - Restructuring the Railroad Retirement System
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Blacks and Social Security Benefits: Trends, 1960–73
by Gayle B. Thompson - Standardization of Short-term Benefits
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38 No. 3
- Some Aspects of Medicare Experience With Group-Practice Prepayment Plans
by Mildred Corbin and Aaron Krute - Cash Benefits for Short-Term Sickness, 1973
by Daniel N. Price - New Contributory Pension Program in New Zealand
by Martin B. Tracy
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38 No. 2
- National Health Expenditures, 1929–74
by Nancy L. Worthington - Private Health Insurance in 1973: A Review of Coverage, Enrollment, and Financial Experience
by Marjorie Smith Mueller
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 38 No. 1
- Social Welfare Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1974
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Sophie R. Dales - The Disabled Widow
by Paula A. Franklin - Retroactive Entitlement of Retired-Worker Beneficiaries Awarded Benefits in 1971
by Barbara A. Lingg - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1973
by Daniel N. Price
1974
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37 No. 12
- HIP Incentive Reimbursement Experiment: Utilization and Costs of Medical Care, 1969 and 1970
by Ellen W. Jones, Paul M. Densen, Isidore Altman, Sam Shapiro, and Howard West - Pension Reform Legislation of 1974
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Concurrent Supplemental Security Income Payments and OASDI Cash Benefits
by Lenna D. Kennedy - Earnings Replacement Rate of Old-Age Pensions for Workers Retiring at End of 1972
by Leif Haanes-Olsen and Max Horlick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37 No. 11
- Work Experience and Income of the Population Aged 60 and Older, 1971
by Gayle B. Thompson - State Supplementation Under Federal SSI Program
by Donald E. Rigby - Effect of Social Security on Personal Saving
by Alicia H. Munnell - Constant-Attendance Allowances for Non-Work-Related Disability
by Martin B. Tracy
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37 No. 10
- Workmen's Compensation Under Scrutiny
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Daniel N. Price - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, Fiscal Year 1973
by Sophie R. Dales - General Revenue Sharing Program: A Closer Look
by Sophie R. Dales - Effect of OASDI Benefit Increases, 1974
by Barbara A. Lingg
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37 No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37 No. 8
- An Analysis of Medicare Administrative Costs
by Ronald J. Vogel and Roger D. Blair - Early Labor-Force Withdrawal of Men: Participants and Nonparticipants Aged 58–63
by Karen Schwab - Veterans Disability Compensation and Survivor Benefits Act of 1974
- Expenditure Patterns of Welfare, Aged, and Disabled Households
by Teh-wei Hu, Norman L. Knaub, and Sharif Ghalib
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37 No. 7
- The Retirement Test: An International Study
by Elizabeth Kreitler Kirkpatrick - Value for Money in Health Services
by Brian Abel-Smith - Disability Beneficiaries Eligible for Medicare
by Martin Ruther
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37 No. 6
- Early Experience Under the Supplemental Security Income Program
by James C. Callison - Earnings of Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries
by Paula A. Franklin - Benefits for Grandchildren and Certain Blind Persons Under 1972 Amendments
by Barbara A. Lingg
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37 No. 5
- Age Differences in Medical Care Spending, Fiscal Year 1973
by Barbara S. Cooper and Paula A. Piro - Employee-Benefit Plans, 1972
by Walter W. Kolodrubetz - Income-Tested Social Benefits in New York: Adequacy, Incentives, and Equity
by Blanche Bernstein, Anne N. Shkuda, and Eveline M. Burns
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37 No. 4
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37 No. 3
- Women Born in the Early 1900's: Employment, Earnings, and Benefit Levels
by Lucy B. Mallan - Social Security Student and Former Child Beneficiaries Aged 18–21
by Patricia Ruggles and Carol Zuckert - Health Maintenance Organization Act of 1973
by Marjorie Smith Mueller - Veterans' Pensions Increased
- Swedish Unemployment Program
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37 No. 2
- National Health Expenditures, 1929–73
by Barbara S. Cooper, Nancy L. Worthington, and Paula A. Piro - Private Health Insurance in 1972: Health Care Services, Enrollment, and Finances
by Marjorie Smith Mueller
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 37 No. 1
- Social Welfare Expenditures, 1972–73
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Sophie R. Dales - Cash Benefits for Short-Term Sickness, 1948–72
by Daniel N. Price - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1972
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Daniel N. Price - Lower Pensionable Age in Norway
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
1973
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36 No. 12
- Supplemental Security Income for the Aged: Foreign Experience
by Max Horlick - Twelfth Valuation of the Railroad Retirement System: A Summary View
by Abraham M. Niessen - Dental Insurance in Sweden
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36 No. 11
- The Financial Position of Private Community Hospitals, 1961–71
by Julian H. Pettengill - Coverage and Vesting of Full-Time Employees Under Private Retirement Plans
by Walter W. Kolodrubetz and Donald M. Landay - Sweden: Cash Maternity Benefits for Fathers
by Martin B. Tracy
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36 No. 10
- Impact of Cost-Sharing on Use of Ambulatory Services Under Medicare, 1969
by Evelyn Peel and Jack Scharff - Family Structure in the Preretirement Years
by Janet H. Murray - Unemployment Insurance Benefits Extended
- Switzerland: Compulsory Private Pensions
by Max Horlick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36 No. 9
- Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries Under OASDHI: Regional and State Patterns
by Phoebe H. Goff - Meeting the SMI Deductible Under Medicare, 1966–70
- No-Fault Accident Compensation in New Zealand
by Elizabeth Kreitler Kirkpatrick - Determinants of Interstate Migration of the Elderly
by Steve L. Barsby and Dennis R. Cos - Work After Retirement
by Gerda G. Fillenbaum and George L. Maddox
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36 No. 8
- Assets on the Threshold of Retirement
by Sally R. Sherman - Hospital Costs and the Medicare Program
by Karen Davis - Relative Importance of Income Sources of the Aged
by Susan Grad - Proposed Pension Reform in United Kingdom, 1972
by Martin B. Tracy
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36 No. 7
- Late Entitlement to Retirement Benefits: Findings from the Survey of New Beneficiaries
by Leonard Rubin - The European Experience in Social Health Insurance
by Jozef Van Langendonck - Supplemental Security Income: The Aged Eligible
by Thomas G. Staples - Flexible Retirement Feature of German Pension Reform
by Gisela C. Wang
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36 No. 6
- Recovery and Benefit Termination: Program Experience of Disabled-Worker Beneficiaries
by Jack Schmulowitz - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, 1971–72
by Sophie R. Dales - Medical Care Price Changes Under The Economic Stabilization Program
by Loucele A. Horowitz
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36 No. 5
- Age Differences in Medical Care Spending, Fiscal Year 1972
by Barbara S. Cooper and Nancy L. Worthington - Private Retirement Benefits and Relationship to Earnings Survey of New Beneficiaries
by Walter W. Kolodrubetz - Utilization and Reimbursements Under Medicare for 1967 and 1968 Decedents
by Paula A. Piro and Theodore Lutins
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36 No. 4
- Women Newly Entitled to Retired-Worker Benefits: Survey of New Beneficiaries
by Virginia P. Reno - Employee-Benefit Plans, 1971
by Walter W. Kolodrubetz - Spanish-Surnamed OASDI Beneficiaries in the Southwest
by Jack Schmulowitz - Social Security Revisions in Spain
by Max Horlick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36 No. 3
- Social Security Amendments of 1972: Summary and Legislative History
by Robert M. Ball - Major Social Security Issues: Japan, 1972
by Paul Fisher - Medical Care Expenditures in Seven Countries
by Joseph G. Simanis
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36 No. 2
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 36 No. 1
- National Health Expenditures, 1929–72
by Barbara S. Cooper and Nancy L. Worthington - Cash Benefits for Short-Term Sickness, 1948–71
by Daniel N. Price - OASDI Benefit Amounts Under 1972 Amendments
by Harry Shulman - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1971
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Daniel N. Price - New British Programs: Early Experience
by Elizabeth Kreitler Kirkpatrick
1972
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35 No. 12
- Social Welfare Expenditures, 1971–72
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Sophie R. Dales - Health in the Years Before Retirement
by Dena K. Motley - Self-Employed Doctors of Medicine Under OASDHI, 1967
by Herbert R. Tacker
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35 No. 11
- Retirement History Study: Introduction
by Lola M. Irelan - The Elderly Aid The Elderly: The Senior Friends Program
by Naomi Breslau and Marie R. Haug - Impact of Black Lung Benefits on Public Assistance
by Frederick L. Cone and Jack Schmulowitz - Recommendations of the Commission on Railroad Retirement
- Guaranteed Children's Allowances in Belgium
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35 No. 10
- Community Hospital Expenses and Revenues: Pre-Medicare Inflation
by Karen Davis - Resource Allocation in the Hospital Industry: The Role of Capital Financing
by Paul B. Ginsburg - Report of the National Commission on State Workmen's Compensation Laws
- Recent Changes in Russian Social Security
by Joseph G. Simanis
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35 No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35 No. 8
- Homeownership and Financial Assets: Findings from the 1968 Survey of the Aged
by Janet H. Murray - General Characteristics of the Disabled Population
by Kathryn H. Allan and Mildred E. Cinsky - Commission Studies Rising Health Costs in Austria
by Elizabeth Kreitler Kirkpatrick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35 No. 7
- Trends in Hospital Use by the Aged
by Julian H. Pettengill - Social Reports of the German Federal Republic, 1970–71
by Paul Fisher - Social Security Numbers Issued, 1937–71
by Herbert R. Tacker - Medical Care Agreement With French Doctors
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35 No. 6
- Effect of Coinsurance on Use of Physician Services
by Anne A. Scitovsky and Nelda A. Snyder - Effect of Coinsurance: A Multivariate Analysis
by Charles E. Phelps and Joseph P. Newhouse - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, 1970–71
by Sophie R. Dales - Children's Allowances in Japan
by Elizabeth Kreitler Kirkpatrick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35 No. 5
- Medical Care Spending for Three Age Groups
by Barbara S. Cooper and Nancy L. Worthington - Children's Allowances: Their Size and Structure in Five Countries
by Leif Haanes-Olsen - Effect of Changing Technology on Hospital Costs
by Saul Waldman - Higher Old-Age Pensions in France
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35 No. 4
- Administrative Developments in the Social Security Programs Since 1965
by Jack S. Futterman - Two Decades of Employee-Benefit Plans, 1950–70: A Review
by Walter W. Kolodrubetz - Liberalization of Veterans' Income-Maintenance Programs
- Switzerland Changes Social Insurance Philosophy
by Elizabeth Kreitler Kirkpatrick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35 No. 3
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35 No. 2
- Private Health Insurance in 1970: Population Coverage, Enrollment, and Financial Experience
by Marjorie Smith Mueller - Characteristics of Disabled- Worker Beneficiaries with Workmen's Compensation Offset
by Ralph Treitel - Canada's New Unemployment Insurance Act
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 35 No. 1
- National Health Expenditures, 1929–71
by Dorothy P. Rice and Barbara S. Cooper - Cash Benefits for Short-Term Sickness, 1948–70
by Daniel N. Price - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1970
by Alfred M. Skolnik - New Benefits for Blue-Collar Workers in Sweden
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
1971
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34 No. 12
- Social Welfare Expenditures, 1970–71
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Sophie R. Dales - Five Years of Medicare—A Statistical Review
by Howard West - Amendments to Australia's National Health Act
by Evelyn Peel
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34 No. 11
- Second Pensions Among Newly Entitled Workers: Survey of New Beneficiaries
by Lenore E. Bixby and Virginia P. Reno - Characteristics of Workers With Pension Coverage on Longest Job: New Beneficiaries
by Walter W. Kolodrubetz - Social Security Provisions for Young Adults in Industrialized Countries
by Max Horlick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34 No. 10
- Who Are the Disabled in Institutions?
by Philip Frohlich - Black Lung Benefits: An Administrative Review
- School Attendance Patterns of Student Beneficiaries
by Barbara A. Kirsch - Special Retirement Programs for Farmers: New Japanese Law
by Dalmer D. Hoskins
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34 No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34 No. 8
- Income of the Disabled: Its Sources and Size
by Idella G. Swisher - Medicare Reimbursement for Services in 1967
- Maximum Taxable Earnings Under OASDHI, 1938–69
by Michael Resnick - Introduction of Survivor Pension Program in India
by Dalmer D. Hoskins
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34 No. 7
- Benefit Levels of Newly Retired Workers: Findings from the Survey of New Beneficiaries
by Virginia P. Reno and Carol Zuckert - Disabled Beneficiary Population, 1957–66
by Phoebe H. Goff - Recent Changes in Mexican Social Security
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34 No. 6
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34 No. 5
- Medical Care Outlays for Three Age Groups: Young, Intermediate, and Aged
by Barbara S. Cooper and Mary F. McGee - Domestic and Foreign Prescription Drug Prices
by Edmond M. Jacoby, Jr. and Dennis L. Hefner - Veterans' Legislation in 91st Congress
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34 No. 4
- Early Effects of Medicare on the Health Care of the Aged
by Regina Loewenstein - Trends in Employee-Benefit Plans in the Sixties
by Walter W. Kolodrubetz - State and Local Government Employment Covered Under OASDHI
by Herbert R. Tacker - Retirement Benefits for Very Elderly
by Max Horlick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34 No. 3
- Use of Medical Services Under Medicare
by Jerome Green and Jack Scharff - Rehabilitation of the Disabled
by Ralph Treitel - Black Lung Benefits, July 1970
by Philip R. Lerner and Jack Schmulowitz
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34 No. 2
- Private Health Insurance in 1969: A Review
by Marjorie Smith Mueller - Role of the Contribution Ceiling in Social Security Programs: Comparison of Five Countries
by Max Horlick and Robert Lucas - Aged Persons Receiving Both OASDHI and OAS, Early 1970
- Workmen's Compensation Offset, 1967–69
by Wayne S. Long
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 34 No. 1
- National Health Expenditures, 1929–70
by Dorothy P. Rice and Barbara S. Cooper - Cash Benefits for Short-Term Sickness, 1948–69
by Daniel N. Price - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1969
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Recent Social Security Reforms in France
by Dalmer D. Hoskins
1970
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33 No. 12
- Social Welfare Expenditures, 1969–70
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Sophie R. Dales - International Health Expenditures
by Joseph G. Simanis
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33 No. 11
- Men Who Claim Benefits Before Age 65: Findings from the Survey of New Beneficiaries, 1968
by Patience Lauriat and William T. Rabin - Employment Security Amendments of 1970
- The Railroad Retirement Amendments of 1970
by Orlo Nichols
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33 No. 10
- Another Look at Workmen's Compensation
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Daniel N. Price - The Disabled on Public Assistance
by Henry P. Brehm - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, 1968–69
by Sophie R. Dales - Private Health Insurance in West Germany and Great Britain
by Joseph G. Simanis
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33 No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33 No. 8
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33 No. 7
- Medical Care Outlays for Aged and Nonaged Persons, 1966–69
by Barbara S. Cooper - Antipoverty Policies and Changing Welfare Concepts in Canada
- Medical Care Costs of the Disabled
by Henry P. Brehm and Robert H. Cormier - Liberalizations In Turkey
by Max Horlick and Joseph G. Simanis
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33 No. 6
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33 No. 5
- Automatic Adjustment of OASDHI Cash Benefits
by Daniel N. Price and Robert O. Brunner - Adjustment of Old-Age Pensions in Foreign Programs
by Max Horlick and Doris Lewis - Aged OASDHI Beneficiaries: Interstate Migration
by William J. Nelson, Jr. - Mental Retardation in Four Countries
by Joseph G. Simanis
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33 No. 4
- Income of People Aged 65 and Older: Overview From 1968 Survey of the Aged
by Lenore E. Bixby - Employee-Benefit Plans in 1968
by Walter W. Kolodrubetz
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33 No. 3
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33 No. 2
- Children's Allowances and Income-Tested Supplements: Costs and Redistributive Effects
by Dorothy S. Projector - Civil-Service Retirement Program, October 20, 1969
by Marice C. Hart - New Hawaii Temporary Disability Insurance Law: A Further Explanation
- Growth of Pensions in Rumania
by Joseph G. Simanis
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 33 No. 1
- National Health Expenditures, 1929–68
by Dorothy P. Rice and Barbara S. Cooper - Income Replacement During Sickness, 1948–68
by Daniel N. Price - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1968
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Concurrent Receipt of OAA Payments and OASI Benefits
by Philip Frohlich - Recent Changes in Norwegian Social Security
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
1969
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32 No. 12
- Social Welfare Expenditures, 1968–69
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Sophie R. Dales - Private Health Insurance, 1968: Enrollment, Coverage, and Financial Experience
by Louis S. Reed - Beneficiaries With Minimum Benefits: Work-History of Retired Workers Newly Entitled in 1966
by Judith S. Bretz
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32 No. 11
- Current Medicare Survey: Hospital Insurance Sample
by Sara Jane Peterson - Income-Net Worth Measures of Economic Welfare
by Dorothy S. Projector and Gertrude S. Weiss - Study of Benefits for Survivors of UAW Members in Detroit Areas
by Eugene L. Loren and Thomas C. Barker - Poverty in Israel
by Doris Lewis
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32 No. 10
- Beneficiaries With Minimum Benefits: Their Characteristics in 1967
by Harry Shulman - New International Standards for Medical Care and Sickness Benefits Under Social Security Programs
by William M. Yoffee - Funding Under Private Pension Plans
by Nancy Crisman - New Temporary Disability Insurance Law in Hawaii
- Higher Family Allowances in France
by Leif Haanes-Olsen
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32 No. 9
- Medical Care Outlays for Aged and Nonaged Persons, 1966–68
by Dorothy P. Rice and Barbara S. Cooper - Health Insurance For The Aged: Participating Health Facilities, July 1968
by James Hatten - Administrative Expenses of the Social Security Program
by Robert J. Myers - Student Beneficiaries Under OASDHI, 1965–68
- Guaranteed Income for the Aged in Belgium
by Doris Lewis
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32 No. 8
- Work Experience of Men Claiming Retirement Benefits, 1966
by Lenore E. Bixby and E. Eleanor Rings - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, 1967–68
by Sophie R. Dales - Study on Early Retirement Decision
by Richard Barfield, George Katona, and James Morgan - Self-Employed Doctors of Medicine Under OASDHI
by Truman Wilson and Charles R. Helbing
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32 No. 7
- The Position of Women in the Social Security System
by Ella J. Polinsky - Federal Civil-Service Annuitants and Social Security
by Elizabeth M. Heidbreder - Social Security Service to American Indians
by Anne Hamilton - Expansion of Canada's Medicare
by Joseph G. Simanis
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32 No. 6
- Residence, Race, and Age of Poor Families in 1966
by Carolyn Jackson and Terri Velten - Medical Care and Health Insurance Coverage: Their Use by Disabled Adults
by Mildred E. Cinsky and Gertrude Stanley - Social Security Numbers Issued, 1967
- Social Security Changes in Italy
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32 No. 5
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32 No. 4
- Employee-Benefit Plans, 1950–67
by Walter W. Kolodrubetz - Old-Age, Survivors, Disability, and Health Insurance: Changes in the Beneficiary Population
by Janet H. Murray - Financing of Disability Beneficiary Rehabilitation
by Ralph Treitel - Veterans' Legislation in 1968
- British Commonwealth Areas of the Caribbean
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32 No. 3
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32 No. 2
- Private Health Insurance in the United States, 1967
by Louis S. Reed and Willine Carr - The Trust Territory Social Security System
by Robert J. Myers - Benefits Paid Abroad Under OASDHI
by William M. Yoffee - Poverty Study in Canada
- Bermuda's New Social Security Law
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 32 No. 1
- National Health Expenditures, 1950–67
by Dorothy P. Rice and Barbara S. Cooper - Income-Loss Protection Against Illness, 1948–67
by Daniel N. Price - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1967
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Julius W. Hobson - Further Social Security Amendments in France
by Robert W. Weise, Jr.
1968
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31 No. 12
- A Ten-Point Program To Abolish Poverty
by Wilbur J. Cohen - Social Welfare Expenditures, 1967–68
by Ida C. Merriam, Alfred M. Skolnik, and Sophie R. Dales - OASDHI Benefits, Prices, and Wages: Effect of 1967 Benefit Increase
by Daniel N. Price - Improvements in Belgian Social Security
by Robert Lucas
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31 No. 11
- Medical Care Price Changes in Medicare's First Two Years
by Dorothy P. Rice and Loucele A. Horowitz - Utilization and Cost of General Hospital Care: Canada and the United States, 1948–66
by Louis S. Reed and Willine Carr - Impact of 1967 Amendments on Benefit Awards
by Harry Shulman
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31 No. 10
- Living in Retirement: A Moderate Standard for an Elderly City Couple
by Mollie Orshansky - Financial Position of Hospitals in the Early Medicare Period
by Paul J. Feldstein and Saul Waldman - Maximum Taxable Earnings Under OASDHI, 1938–66
by Michael Resnick - Trade Readjustment Allowances
by Sophie R. Dales - Bulgaria Revises Family Allowances
- Extension of Workmen's Accident Insurance in Japan
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31 No. 9
- Medicare and Federal Employees Health Benefits Programs: Their Coordination
by Louis S. Reed - Coordination Between the Railroad Retirement and Social Security Systems
by Abraham M. Niessen - Health Insurance for the Aged: Participating Independent Laboratories
by Wayne Callahan and David Allen - New Puerto Rico Law Provides Income-Loss Protection Against Illness
- Prospects for Unemployment Insurance in Israel
- Extension of Social Security Coverage in Chile
- Canadian Medical Care Insurance Inaugurated
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31 No. 8
- Social Security and Social Change
by Wilbur J. Cohen - Social Security Perspectives
by Robert M. Ball - Young Adults and Social Security
by Ida C. Merriam - Personal Health Care Expenditures of the Aged and Nonaged
by Dorothy P. Rice, Arne Anderson, and Barbara S. Cooper
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31 No. 7
- Comparing the Financial Position of the Aged in Britain and the United States
by Dorothy Wedderburn - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, 1966–67
by Sophie R. Dales - Characteristics of 'New' Old-Age Assistance Recipients, 1965
by Philip Frohlich - Immediate Effects of Benefit Increases in 1967 Amendments
- Changes in Italian Social Security System
by Max Horlick and Robert Lucas
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31 No. 6
- The Retirement Test: Its Effect on Older Workers' Earnings
by Kenneth G. Sander - The Railroad Retirement Amendments of 1968
by Orlo Nichols - Recent Developments in Argentine Pension Program
by Robert Lucas
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31 No. 5
- Sickness Insurance and California Farm Workers
by Philip Booth - Disability, Work, and Income Maintenance: Prevalence of Disability, 1966
by Lawrence D. Haber - Economic Effects of Internal Migration
by Betty G. Fishman - Social Security Abroad
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31 No. 4
- National Health Expenditures, 1950–66
by Dorothy P. Rice and Barbara S. Cooper - Employee-Benefit Plans in 1966
by Walter W. Kolodrubetz - Aged Persons Receiving Both OASDI and OAA, Early 1967
- Social Security Abroad
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31 No. 3
- The Shape of Poverty in 1966
by Mollie Orshansky - Three Decades of Social Security Research Publishing: The Bulletin Turns Thirty
- Social Security and Economic and Development: Seminar Report
by Thomas C. Blaisdell, Jr.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31 No. 2
- Social Security Amendments of 1967: Summary and Legislative History
by Wilbur J. Cohen and Robert M. Ball - Financing Basis of Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance and Health Insurance Under the 1967 Amendments
by Robert J. Myers and Francisco Bayo
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 31 No. 1
- Income-Loss Protection Against Illness, 1948–66
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1966
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Julius W. Hobson - Social Security Numbers Issued, 1966
- Medical Care Price Changes in Medicare's First Year
by Loucele A. Horowitz
1967
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30 No. 12
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30 No. 11
- Private Health Insurance: Coverage and Financial Experience, 1940–66
by Louis S. Reed - When People Are Forced To Move
by Virginia P. Reno
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30 No. 10
- Social Security Statistical Data, Social Science Research, and Confidentiality
by Joseph Steinberg and Heyman C. Cooper - New International Instruments on Invalidity, Old-Age, and Survivors Pensions
by William M. Yoffee - Measuring Early Retirement: New Benefit Awards Series
- OASDHI Covered Employment of Foreign Beneficiaries
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30 No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30 No. 8
- Health Insurance Coverage Complementary to Medicare
by Louis S. Reed and Kathleen Myers - Disability Insurance and Aid to the Blind
by Philip Frohlich - Special Awards to Persons 72 and Over, Oct.–Dec. 1966
by William T. Rabin
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30 No. 7
- Medicare's First Year
by Robert M. Ball - Medicare's Early Months: A Program Round-Up
by Arthur E. Hess - The Positive Impact of Medicare on the Nation's Health Care Systems
by William H. Stewart - Trends in Medical Care Prices
by Dorothy P. Rice and Loucele A. Horowitz - Federal Grants To State And Local Governments, 1965–66
by Sophie R. Dales
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30 No. 6
- Health Insurance for the Aged: Participating Extended-Care Facilities
by David Allen - OASDI Benefits, Prices, and Wages: 1966 Experience
by Saul Waldman - Social Security and Development Planning: Some Issues
by Paul Fisher
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30 No. 5
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30 No. 4
- Current Medicare Survey: The Medical Insurance Sample
by Jack Scharff - Growth in Employee-Benefit Plans, 1950–65
by Walter W. Kolodrubetz
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30 No. 3
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30 No. 2
- National Health Expenditures, 1950–65
by Ruth S. Hanft - Childhood Disability Beneficiaries, 1957–64: Characteristics and Geographic Distribution
by Phoebe H. Goff - Railroad Retirement Amendments of 1966
by Marice C. Hart - State-Chartered Credit Unions, 1965
by Vincent J. Olive
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 30 No. 1
- Social Welfare Expenditures, 1929–67
by Ida C. Merriam - Health Insurance for the Aged: The Statistical Program
by Howard West - Income-Loss Protection Against Illness
by Saul Waldman - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1965
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Julius W. Hobson
1966
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 29 No. 12
- Improving the Status of the Aged
by Wilbur J. Cohen - Social Welfare Expenditures, 1965–66
by Ida C. Merriam - The Poor in City and Suburb, 1964
by Mollie Orshansky
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 29 No. 11
- Private Health Insurance: Coverage and Financial Experience, 1965
by Louis S. Reed - Social Security Issues: Fiftieth International Labor Conference
by Robert J. Myers and William M. Yoffee - Annual Earnings and the Taxable Maximum for OASDHI
by Michael Resnick
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 29 No. 10
- Twenty-Five Years of Workmen's Compensation Statistics
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Reduced Benefit Awards to Retired Workers: Measuring Extent of Early Retirement
by Harry Shulman
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 29 No. 9
- Social Security Payments to Noninsured Persons
by Wilbur J. Cohen, Robert M. Ball, and Robert J. Myers - Interindustry Labor Mobility Among Men, 1957–60
by Lowell E. Gallaway - OASDHI Contributions on Cash-Payment Basis
by Michael Resnick and Kenneth G. Sander - Report of the Advisory Council on Public Welfare
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 29 No. 8
- Disability Insurance and Public Assistance: A Study of APTD Recipients
by Philip Frohlich and Lawrence D. Haber - Income-Tax Treatment of Old-Age Pensions and Contributions Here and Abroad
by Werner Hasenberg - State Income-Tax Laws on OASDHI Benefits and Contributions
by Warren J. Baker - OASDI Benefits, Prices, and Wages: A Comparison
by Saul Waldman
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 29 No. 7
- Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Administrative Expenses
by Robert J. Myers and Francisco Bayo - Big-City Dropouts and Illiterates
by Robert A. Dentler and Mary Ellen Warshauer - Trust Fund Operations
by James S. Parker - Employee-Benefit Plan Adjustments to Health Insurance for the Aged
by Kathleen Myers
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 29 No. 6
- Policy Issues in Social Security
by Robert M. Ball - Federal Grants, 1964–65
by Sophie R. Dales
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 29 No. 5
- More About the Poor in 1964
by Mollie Orshansky - Economic Status, Unemployment, and Family Growth
- Private Pensions and Individual Savings
by George Katona
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 29 No. 4
- Ten Years of Employee-Benefit Plans
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Recounting the Poor—A Five-Year Review
by Mollie Orshansky - Measures of Labor Mobility and OASDHI Data
by Sebastia Svolos - Arkansas Missile-Site Disaster: Survivor Benefits Payable
by George I. Kowalczyk
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 29 No. 3
- Early Retirement and Work-Life Experience
by Lenore A. Epstein - Farmers and Social Security
by Edward I. Reinsel and John C. Ellickson - Benefits Awarded Under 1965 Amendments, September–November 1965
- Legislation Affecting Veterans and Servicemen, 1965
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 29 No. 2
- Health Insurance for People Aged 65 and Over: First Steps in Administration
by Robert M. Ball - The Family Cycle and Income Development
by Alvin L. Schorr - Railroad Retirement Act as Amended in 1965
by Marice C. Hart - Old-Age Benefits For Workers Retiring Before Age 65
by Saul Waldman - Benefit Increases Resulting From the Conversion of Monthly Rates Under the 1965 Amendments
by Gerald Hutchinson and Terence Hawkes
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 29 No. 1
- National Health Expenditures, 1950–64
by Louis S. Reed and Ruth S. Hanft - Income-Loss Protection Against Short-Term Sickness, 1948–64
by Saul Waldman - Social Security in the New African Countries
by Daniel S. Gerig - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1964
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Julius W. Hobson
1965
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 28 No. 12
- Private Health Insurance in the United States: An Overview
by Louis S. Reed - Income Maintenance and the Birth Rate
by Alvin L. Schorr
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 28 No. 11
- Canada Pension Plan of 1965
by Daniel S. Gerig and Robert J. Myers - The Aged, Family and Friends
by Irving Rosow - State-Chartered Credit Unions in 1964
by Ronald M. Gardner - Work Experience of School Dropouts and Vocational Arts Graduates
by Karen Bowles
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 28 No. 10
- Social Welfare Expenditures, 1964–65
by Ida C. Merriam - Hospital Insurance, Supplementary Medical Insurance, and Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Financing Basis Under the 1965 Amendments
by Robert J. Myers and Francisco Bayo
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 28 No. 9
- Social Security Amendments of 1965: Summary and Legislative History
by Wilbur J. Cohen and Robert M. Ball - Impersonality and Administration
by Jack S. Futterman - Employment of Older Workers and Size of Employing Units
by Sebastia Svolos
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 28 No. 8
- Social Security Legislation: Thirty Years in Review
- Social Security Protection After Thirty Years
by Lenore A. Epstein, Alfred M. Skolnik, and Ben H. Thompson - Is Poverty Necessary?
by Robert M. Ball - References on the Origin and Development of Social Security in the United States
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 28 No. 7
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 28 No. 6
- Federal Grants, 1963–64
by Sophie R. Dales - The Role of Redistribution in Social Policy
by Richard M. Titmuss - A Quarter-Century of Monthly Benefits Under OASDI
by S. Marjorie Johnston - Disability and Old-Age Benefits, by State, December 31, 1964
- Relation of Social Security Expenditures to Gross National Product in 45 Countries
by Werner Hasenberg
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 28 No. 5
- Differences in Sources and Size of Income: Findings of the 1963 Survey of the Aged
by Erdman Palmore - Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Earnings of Older Workers and Retired-Workers Beneficiaries
by Marie C. Trafton - Trust Fund Operations
by James S. Parker and Sophie R. Dales - Social Security Legislation in 1964
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 28 No. 4
- Employee-Benefit Plans: Developments 1954–63
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Overlap of Benefits Under OASDI and Other Programs
by Ida C. Merriam
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 28 No. 3
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 28 No. 2
- Report on the Fifteenth General Assembly of the International Social Security Association
by William M. Yoffee - Railroad Retirement System: Ninth Actuarial Valuation
by Abraham M. Niessen
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 28 No. 1
- Counting the Poor: Another Look at the Poverty Profile
by Mollie Orshansky - Income-Loss Protection Against Short-Term Sickness, 1948–63
by Alfred M. Skolnik and John W. Mitchell - Workman's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1963
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Julius W. Hobson
1964
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27 No. 12
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27 No. 11
- Assets of the Aged in 1962: Findings of the 1963 Survey of the Aged
by Leon D. Platky - State-Chartered Credit Unions in 1963
by Vincent J. Olive - The Disabled Worker Under OASDI
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27 No. 10
- Social Welfare Expenditures, 1963–64
by Ida C. Merriam - Delayed Filing for Disability Benefits Under the Social Security Act
by Barbara Levenson and Aaron Krute - Persons Receiving Payments From Public Programs for Long-Term Disability, December 1939–63
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Aged Persons Receiving Both OASDI and PA, Early 1963
by David B. Eppley
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27 No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27 No. 8
- Retirement Patterns Among Aged Men: Findings of the 1963 Survey of the Aged
by Erdman Palmore - National Health Expenditures: Object of Expenditures and Source of Funds, 1962
by Louis S. Reed and Dorothy P. Rice - Study of Retirement Policies and Practices in Industry
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27 No. 7
- Medical Care Costs for the Aged: First Findings of the 1963 Survey of the Aged
by Elizabeth A. Langford - Health Insurance Coverage of the Aged and Their Hospital Utilization in 1962: Findings of the 1963 Survey of the Aged
by Dorothy P. Rice - Technical Note on Source and Reliability of the Estimates for the 1963 Survey of the Aged
- Federal Credit Unions: Thirty Years of Service
by Edwin J. Swindler
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27 No. 6
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27 No. 5
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27 No. 4
- Employee-Benefit Plans, 1954–62
by Joseph Krislov - Employers, Workers, and Earnings Under OASDI
by Roslyn Arnold
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27 No. 3
- Income of the Aged in 1962: First Findings of the 1963 Survey of the Aged
by Lenore A. Epstein - Family Benefits in Current-Payment Status, June 30, 1963
by Roger Hicks
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27 No. 2
- The Aged Negro and His Income
by Mollie Orshansky - Cost-of-Living Increases in Military Retired Pay
by Marice C. Hart - Benefits for Survivors of Men Lost on the U.S.S. Thresher
by George I. Kowalczyk - Study of Effect of Relief Curtailment in an Ohio County
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 27 No. 1
- Income-Loss Protection Against Short-Term Sickness, 1948–62
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1962
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Julius W. Hobson - Railroad Retirement Act as Amended in 1963
by Marice C. Hart - Amendments to the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act
by Marice C. Hart
1963
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26 No. 12
- Private Consumer Expenditures for Medical Care and Voluntary Health Insurance, 1948–62
by Louis S. Reed and Dorothy P. Rice - Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance Beneficiaries Newly Approved for Old-Age Assistance
by David H. Clark - Private Pension Plan Terminations
by Joseph Krislov
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26 No. 11
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26 No. 10
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26 No. 9
- Living Arrangements and Income of the Aged, 1959
by Lenore A. Epstein - Social Security Advisory Councils
by James E. Marquis - Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Administrative Expenses
by Robert J. Myers - Independent Health Insurance Plans, 1962
by Louis S. Reed - Ontario's "Portable Pension" Law
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26 No. 8
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26 No. 7
- Children of the Poor
by Mollie Orshansky - Assistance Expenditures Per Inhabitant, 1961–62
by Frank J. Hanmer - Estimated Expenditures for Medical Care of Aged Persons, 1961
by Dorothy P. Rice
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26 No. 6
- Disabled Workers and Rehabilitation Services
by Donald S. Frank - Federal Grants, 1961–62
by Sophie R. Dales - Disability and Old-Age Benefits, by State, December 31, 1962
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26 No. 5
- Unmet Need in a Land of Abundance
by Lenore A. Epstein - Expenditures for Assistance Payments from State-Local Funds, 1960–61
by Frank J. Hanmer and Shirley D. Fairley - Trust Fund Operations, 1962
by Sophie R. Dales - Developments in Foreign Social Security Plans
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26 No. 4
- Growth of Employee-Benefit Plans, 1954–61
by Alfred M. Skolnik - State Public Assistance Legislation, 1962
by Margaret K. Adams
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26 No. 3
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26 No. 2
- Independent Health Insurance Plans, 1961 Survey
by Donald G. Hay - Amendments to the Civil Service Retirement Act, 1962
by John P. Jones - Family Benefits in Current-Payment Status, June 30, 1962
by Roger Hicks
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 26 No. 1
- State Variations in Income of the Aged
by Lenore A. Epstein - Income-Loss Protection Against Short-Term Sickness, 1948–61
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Medical Benefits for Old-Age Pensioners Under Foreign Social Security Programs
by Daniel S. Gerig and Carl H. Farman - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1961
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Julius W. Hobson
1962
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 25 No. 12
- Private Medical Care Expenditures and Voluntary Health Insurance, 1948–61
by Louis S. Reed and Dorothy P. Rice - Canada's Old-Age Security Program: First Decade of Operations
by Robert J. Myers - Employers, Workers, and Earnings Under OASDI
by Roslyn Arnold
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 25 No. 11
- Social Welfare Expenditures, 1960–61
by Ida C. Merriam - Developments in Foreign Social Security Plans
- State-Chartered Credit Unions in 1961
by Ronald M. Gardner
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 25 No. 10
- Public Welfare Amendments of 1962 and Proposals for Health Insurance for the Aged
by Wilbur J. Cohen and Robert M. Ball - Purposes for Which Credit Union Loans Were Made, 1961
by Ronald M. Gardner
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 25 No. 9
- Federal Grants to Individuals and Institutions
by Sophie R. Dales - Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Interagency Relationships in Disability Insurance and Vocational Rehabilitation
by Robert C. Van Hyning - Sources of Revenue for the State Share of Public Assistance Payments
by Rebecca H. Hayes - Old-Age Benefits in Current-Payment Status, by State, December 31, 1961
- Disability Insurance Benefits in Current-Payment Status, by State, December 31, 1961
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 25 No. 8
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 25 No. 7
- Five Years of Disability Insurance Benefits: A Progress Report
by Arthur E. Hess - Disability Filing Rates and Denial Rates
by Edward E. Glik and Aaron Krute - Assistance Expenditures Per Inhabitant, 1960–61
by Frank J. Hanmer
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 25 No. 6
- New Benchmarks in Workmen's Compensation
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Relatives in the Household of Mother-Child OASI Beneficiary Groups, 1957 Survey
by Earl R. Moses
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 25 No. 5
- Filial Responsibility and the Aging, or Beyond Pluck and Luck
by Alvin L. Schorr - Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Self-Employment Earnings Reported by Farmers, 1955–58
by Roy L. Roberts - Trust Fund Operations, 1961
by Sophie R. Dales
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 25 No. 4
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 25 No. 3
- The Cuban Refugee Program
by William L. Mitchell - United Nations Joint Staff Pension Plan
by Robert J. Myers - State and Local Government Employees Covered by OASDI and Staff Retirement Systems
by Joseph Krislov, Robert N. Heller, and Philip R. Lerner - Proposed Social Security Budget, 1962–63
by Sophie R. Dales
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 25 No. 2
- A Report on the Fourteenth General Meeting of the International Social Security Association
- The Relations of Social Security and Social Welfare Services
by Ida C. Merriam - Family Benefits in Current-Payment Status, June 30, 1961
by George I. Kowalczyk - Applicants for Account Numbers, 1960
by George Aberle, Jr.
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 25 No. 1
- Income-Loss Protection Against Short-Term Sickness, 1948–60
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Sources and Size of Money Income of the Aged
by Lenore A. Epstein - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1960
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Julius W. Hobson
1961
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 24 No. 12
- Private Medical Care Expenditures and Voluntary Health Insurance, 1948–60
by Louis S. Reed - Railroad Retirement Act, As Amended in 1961
by Marice C. Hart - 1961 Amendments Affecting the Civil Service Retirement Act
by John P. Jones
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 24 No. 11
- Social Welfare Expenditures, 1959–60
by Ida C. Merriam - Railroad Workers with Employment Covered by the Social Security Act, 1959
by Alden F. Bixby - State-Chartered Credit Unions in 1960
by Ronald M. Gardner
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 24 No. 10
- Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Early-Retirement Provisions
by Marice C. Hart - Money Income Sources of Young Survivors, December 1960
by Mollie Orshansky - Forfeiture of Civil-Service Retirement Benefits
by Joseph Krislov
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 24 No. 9
- Social Security Amendments of 1961: Summary and Legislative History
by Wilbur J. Cohen and William L. Mitchell - Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Financing Basis and Policy Under the 1961 Amendments
by Robert J. Myers - Cooperative Research and Demonstration Grant Program of the Social Security Administration
by Ida C. Merriam - Old-Age Benefits In Current-Payment Status, By State, December 31, 1960
by Hammett Buchanan - Disability Insurance Benefits In Current-Payment Status, By State, December 31, 1960
by Hammett Buchanan
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 24 No. 8
- Twenty-five Years of Social Security in the South
by Ida C. Merriam - Need for Trained Social Work Staff: A Ten-Year Goal
by Alvin L. Schorr - Expenditures for Assistance Payments from State-Local Funds, 1959–60
by Frank J. Hanmer - Temporary Extended Unemployment Compensation Legislation, 1961
by Alfred M. Skolnik
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 24 No. 7
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 24 No. 6
- Coverage Extension Under Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance
by Saul Waldman - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, 1959–60
by Sophie R. Dales - Employers, Workers, and Earnings Under OASDI
by Roslyn Arnold
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 24 No. 5
- Trends in Employee-Benefit Plans: Part II
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Assistance Expenditures Per Inhabitant, 1959–60
by Frank J. Hanmer - Trust Fund Operations, 1960
by Sophie R. Dales
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 24 No. 4
- Trends in Employee-Benefit Plans, 1954–59: Part 1
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Coverage of Ministers Under Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance
by Saul Waldman
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 24 No. 3
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 24 No. 2
- Independent Plans Providing Medical Care and Hospital Insurance: 1959 Survey
by Agnes W. Brewster - Some Effects of Low Income on Children and Their Families
by Lenore A. Epstein - Licensed Day-Care Facilities for Children
by Seth Low
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 24 No. 1
- Income-Loss Protection Against Short-Term Sickness, 1948–59
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Money Income of Aged Persons, Mid-1960
by Lenore A. Epstein - State-Chartered Credit Unions in 1959
by Ronald M. Gardner - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1959
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Julius W. Hobson - Applicants for Account Numbers, 1959
by George Aberle, Jr. - Operations Under The Employment Security Administrative Financing Act of 1954
by Sophie R. Dales
1960
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 23 No. 12
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 23 No. 11
- Social Security Legislation in the Eighty-Sixth Congress
by William L. Mitchell - Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Financing Basis and Policy Under the 1960 Amendments
by Robert J. Myers
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 23 No. 10
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 23 No. 9
- Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance Program: History of the Benefit Formula
by Marice C. Hart - Money Income Sources of Young Survivors, December 1959
by Mollie Orshansky - Old-Age Benefits in Current-Payment Status, by State, December 31, 1959
by Gerald Hutchinson and Hammett Buchanan - Disability Insurance Benefits in Current-Payment Status, by State, December 31, 1959
by Hammett Buchanan - Persons Receiving Payments From Public Programs for Long-Term Disability, December 1934–59
by Alfred M. Skolnik
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 23 No. 8
- Past and Future Perspectives in Social Security
by William L. Mitchell - Social Security Status of the American People
by Ida C. Merriam - Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance After Twenty-Five Years
by Victor Christgau - Twenty-Five Years of Public Assistance
by Kathryn D. Goodwin - Title V of the Social Security Act: What It Has Meant to Children
by Katherine B. Oettinger - Twenty-Five Years of Unemployment Insurance in the United States
by R. Gordon Wagenet - A Quarter Century of Social Security Abroad
by Daniel S. Gerig - Significant Events, 1935–60
- References on the Origin and Development of Social Security in the United States
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 23 No. 7
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 23 No. 5–6
- Some Approaches to Management Improvement in Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance
by Jack S. Futterman - State Unemployment Insurance Legislation, 1959
- Family Benefits in Current-Payment Status, June 30, 1959
by Harry C. Ballantyne - Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Administrative Expenses
by Robert J. Myers
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 23 No. 4
- Unmet Need in Public Assistance
by Ellen J. Perkins - Assistance Expenditures Per Inhabitant, 1958–59
by Frank J. Hanmer - Trust Fund Operations, 1959
by Sophie R. Dales
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 23 No. 3
- Employee-Benefit Plans, 1954–58
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Automatic Cost-of-Living Adjustment of Pensions in Foreign Countries
by Daniel S. Gerig - Proposed Social Security Budget, 1960–61
by Sophie R. Dales
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 23 No. 2
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 23 No. 1
- Income-Loss Protection Against Short-Term Sickness: 1948–58
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Medical Benefits For Pensioners Under Foreign Social Security Programs
by Daniel S. Gerig and Carl H. Farman - Disability Insurance Benefits in Current-Payments Status, by State, February 28, 1959
- Coverage of State and Local Government Employees Under OASDI
1959
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 22 No. 12
- Voluntary Health Insurance and Medical Care Expenditures, 1948–58
by Agnes W. Brewster - Fifty Years of Credit Union Operations
by Ronald M. Gardner - Selected Sources of Money Income for Aged Persons, June 1959
by Lenore A. Epstein - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1958
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Old-Age Benefits in Current-Payment Status, by State, February 28, 1959
- Veterans' Pension Act of 1959
by Thomas Karter
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 22 No. 11
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 22 No. 10
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 22 No. 9
- New Graduated Retirement Benefits in Great Britain
- Income of Young Survivors, December 1958
by Mollie Orshansky - Initial Effects of the 1958 PA Amendments on Assistance Payments
by Maurice Ellis and Garnett A. Lester - International Conference on Homemaker Services
by Maude Morlock - State Income-Tax Laws on OASDI Benefits and Contributions
by Warren J. Baker
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 22 No. 8
- Social Security in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
- Working Mothers and Their Arrangements for Care of Their Children
by Henry C. Lajewski - Characteristics of Applicants for Childhood Disability Benefits, 1957
by Phoebe H. Goff - Temporary Unemployment Compensation and General Assistance, June–December 1958
by Thomas Karter - 1959 Amendments to the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 22 No. 7
- Civil-Service Retirement Program, 1959
by John P. Jones - Canada's Federal-Provincial Program of Hospitalization Insurance
by Agnes W. Brewster - 1959 Amendments to the Railroad Retirement Act
by Jacob A. Lazerson
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 22 No. 6
- Money Income of Aged Persons: A 10-Year Review, 1948 to 1958
by Lenore A. Epstein - Federal Credit Unions: Twenty-Five Years of Self-Help Security
by William E. Allen - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, 1957–58
by Sophie R. Dales - Expenditures for Assistance Payments from State-Local Funds, 1957–58
by Frank J. Hanmer
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 22 No. 5
- Seventh Actuarial Valuation of the Railroad Retirement System
by Abraham M. Niessen - Facts About Families
- Assistance Expenditures Per Inhabitant, 1957–58
by Frank J. Hanmer - Blue Cross Provisions for Aged Persons, Late 1958
by Agnes W. Brewster and Ruth Bloodgood - UNICEF's New Program for Children
by Katherine Bain
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 22 No. 4
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 22 No. 3
- Growth in Employee-Benefit Plans, 1954–57
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Joseph Zisman - Proposed Social Security Budget, 1959–60
by Sophie R. Dales - Source of Funds Expended for Public Assistance Payments, 1957–68
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 22 No. 2
- Financing Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Report of the Advisory Council of Social Security Financing
- European Multilateral Social Security Treaties
by Daniel S. Gerig - Management of Selected Trust Funds
by Glenn D. Morrow and Sophie R. Dales
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 22 No. 1
- Assets and Net Worth of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Beneficiaries: Highlights From Preliminary Data, 1957 Survey
- Income-Loss Protection Against Short-Term Sickness: 1948–57
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance Provisions: Summary of Legislation, 1935–58
by Robert J. Myers
1958
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 12
- Aged Beneficiaries of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance: Highlights on Health Insurance and Hospitalization Utilization, 1957 Survey
- Voluntary Health Insurance and Medical Care Expenditures: A Ten-Year Review
by Agnes W. Brewster - Selected Sources of Money Income for Aged Persons, June 1958
by Lenore A. Epstein - Workman's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1957
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Allan Katz - Employers, Workers, and Earnings Under OASDI
- Civil Service Retirement Act Amendments, 1958
by John P. Jones
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 11
- Foreign Social Security Programs in 1958
by Daniel S. Gerig - Railroad Workers with Employment Covered by the Social Security Act
by Samuel A. Block and Samuel Chmell - State-Chartered Credit Unions in 1957
by Ronald M. Gardner
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 10
- Social Security Amendments of 1958: A Summary and Legislative History
by Charles I. Schottland - Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Financing Basis and Policy Under the 1958 Amendments
by Robert J. Myers - Social Welfare Expenditures in the United States, 1956-57
by Ida C. Merriam
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 8
- Trends in Workmen's Compensation: Coverage, Benefits, and Costs
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Income of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Beneficiaries: Highlights from Preliminary Data, 1957 Survey
- Money Income Sources for Young Survivors, December 1957
by Lenore A. Epstein - Trustees Report on Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance Trust Funds
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 7
- Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Benefit Payments to Persons Living Abroad
- Financing Public Child Welfare Services
by Seth Low - International Social Security Association Meeting
- State and Local Government Employment Under OASDI, July–December 1957
by Dorothy McCamman - Old-Age Benefits in Current-Payment Status, by State, December 31, 1957
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 6
- Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Development of Agricultural Coverage
- Provisions for the Protection of Children in Belgium and Sweden
by Margaret Emery - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, 1956–57
by Sophie R. Dales - Expenditures for Assistance Payments from State-Local Funds, 1956–57
by Frank J. Hanmer
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 5
- Nursing Homes: Public and Private Financing of Care Today
by Fred R. Brown - Children Served by Public Child Welfare Programs, 1946–57
by Helen R. Jeter and Henry C. Lajewski - Canadian Programs for the Aged
by Robert J. Myers
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 4
- Independent Plans Providing Medical Care and Hospital Insurance: 1957 Survey
by Agnes W. Brewster - Assistance Expenditures Per Inhabitant, 1956–57
by Frank J. Hanmer - Trust Fund Operations, 1957
by Sophie R. Dales - Diagnoses in Disability Freeze Allowances, July 1955–December 1956
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 3
- Growth in Employee-Benefit Plans
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Joseph Zisman - Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Administrative Expenses
by Robert J. Myers - Proposed Social Security Budget, 1958–59
by Sophie R. Dales - Disability Benefit Awards Affected by the Offset Provision, July–October 1957
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 2
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 21 No. 1
- State Public Assistance Legislation, 1957
by Marguerite Windhauser and George J. Blaetus - State Unemployment Insurance Legislation, 1957
- Growth in Protection Against Income Loss From Short-Term Sickness: 1948–56
1957
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 20 No. 12
- Voluntary Health Insurance and Medical Care Costs, 1948–56
- Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance: Early Problems and Operations of the Disability Provisions
by Arthur E. Hess - Selected Sources of Money Income for Aged Persons
by Lenore A. Epstein - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1956
by Alfred M. Skolnik and Thomas Karter - Civil Service Retirement Act Amendments, 1957
by Jacob A. Lazerson
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 20 No. 11
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 20 No. 10
- Social Welfare Expenditures in the United States, 1955–56
by Ida C. Merriam - Payments into OASI Trust Fund from Contributions
by Sophie R. Dales - Staff in Public Child Welfare Programs, 1956
by Seth Low - Public Assistance Terms
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 20 No. 9
- Tennessee Valley Authority Retirement Plan: Coordination with Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance
by Robert J. Myers - Recipients of Old-Age Assistance: Their Housing Arrangements
by Charles E. Hawkins - Applicants for Account Numbers, 1956
- Disability Insurance Trust Fund, January–June 1957
by Sophie R. Dales
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 20 No. 8
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 20 No. 7
- Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance Provisions: Summary of Legislation, 1935–56
by Robert J. Myers - Medicare: Uniformed Services Program for Dependents
by Paul I. Robinson - State and Local Government Employment Under OASDI, January 1957
by Dorothy McCamman - Employment, Workers, and Wages Under OASDI
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 20 No. 6
- Old-Age Assistance: Children's Contributions to Aged Parents
by Saul Kaplan - Money Income Sources of the Aged, December 1956
by Lenore A. Epstein - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, 1955–56
by Sophie R. Dales - Expenditures for Assistance Payments from State-Local Funds, 1955–56
by Frank J. Hanmer - Adoptions in 1955
by Henry C. Lajewski - Trustees Report on Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance Trust Funds
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 20 No. 5
- Elective Coverage Under Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance
by Irwin Wolkstein - The Development of Organized Recreation in the United States
by Thomas Karter - Initial Effects of the 1956 Amendments on Public Assistance Money Payments
by Garnett A. Lester - 1956 Amendments to the Railroad Retirement Act
by John A. MacDougall
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 20 No. 4
- Recipients of Old-Age Assistance: Personal and Social Characteristics
by Frank J. Hanmer - Employment Problems of Older Workers
by Norman Medvin - Trust Fund Operations, 1956
by Sophie R. Dales - Survivor Benefit Protection for Federal Judges
by Paul W. Nowlin
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 20 No. 3
- Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Beneficiaries: Survey of Their Continuing Eligibility
- Development of the Continuous Work-History Sample in Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Benjamin Mandel - Assistance Expenditures Per Inhabitant, 1955–56
- Old-Age Insurance Beneficiaries, January–June 1956
- Proposed Social Security Budget, 1957–58
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 20 No. 2
- Recipients of Old-Age Assistance: Their Requirements
by Charles E. Hawkins - Health Services for America's Indians
by James R. Shaw - Old-Age Benefits in Current-Payment Status, by Sex of Beneficiary and State, End of 1955
- Expenditures for Hospital Care, 1953–55
by Agnes W. Brewster - Employers, Workers, and Wages Under OASI
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 20 No. 1
1956
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19 No. 12
- Voluntary Health Insurance and Medical Care Costs, 1948–55
- Money Income Sources for Persons Aged 65 and Over, June 1956
by Lenore A. Epstein - Family Benefits in Current-Payment Status, June 30, 1956
- Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1955
by Dorothy McCamman and Thomas Karter - Aged Beneficiaries of OASI
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19 No. 11
- Health Insurance Protection and Medical Care Expenditures: Findings from Three Family Surveys
by Agnes W. Brewster and Simon Dinitz - International Conference of Social Work: Eighth Session
by Dorothy Lally - Trends of Mortality in the United States Since 1900
by Paul W. Nowlin - State-Chartered Credit Unions in 1955
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19 No. 10
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19 No. 9
- Social Security Amendments of 1956: A Summary and Legislative History
by Charles I. Schottland - Old-Age and Survivors Insurance: Financing Basis and Policy Under 1956 Amendments
by Robert J. Myers - Effect of 1954 OASI Eligibility Provision on Public Assistance
by Sue Ossman
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19 No. 8
- The Federal-State Conference on Aging
by Dorothy McCamman - Old-Age and Survivors Insurance: Employment of Aged-Widow Beneficiaries Before Receipt of First Benefit
- President's Commission on Veterans' Pensions: Recommendations
by Michael S. March - Applicants for Account Numbers, 1955
- Money Income Sources for Young Survivors
by Lenore A. Epstein - Deaths Represented in Social Insurance Survivor Benefit Awards
by Robert J. Myers
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19 No. 7
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19 No. 6
- Group-Practice Prepayment Plans: 1954 Survey
by Agnes W. Brewster - Juvenile Court Cases in 1954
by I. Richard Perlman and Robert L. Rowland - Money Income Sources for Persons Aged 65 and Over, December 1955
by Lenore A. Epstein - Old-Age Benefits in Current-Payment Status, December 31, 1955
- Employers, Workers, and Wages Under OASI
- Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, 1954–55
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19 No. 5
- Assets Held by Aged Beneficiaries of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance at End of 1951
by Vivian B. Norman - The Federal Credit Union System: A Legislative History
by John T. Croteau - World Trends in Social Security Benefits, 1935–55
by Carl H. Farman - Expenditures for Assistance Payments from State-Local Funds, 1954–55
by Frank J. Hanmer
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19 No. 4
- Recipients of Old-Age Assistance: Income and Resources
by Charles E. Hawkins - Money Income Position of the Aged, 1948 to 1955
by Lenore A. Epstein - Trust Fund Operations, 1955
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19 No. 3
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19 No. 2
- Financing Public Welfare Programs
by Wilbur J. Cohen - Workers Covered Jointly by Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and the Railroad Retirement Program, 1937–52
by Marie M. Delaney - Money Income Sources for Young Widows and Orphans, Mid-1955
by Lenore A. Epstein - Old-Age Insurance Benefit Awards, January–June 1955
- Life Insurance in Force as Survivor Benefits Under OASI, 1955
- State and Local Government Employment Under OASI, October 1955
by Dorothy McCamman
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 19 No. 1
1955
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18 No. 12
- Twenty Years of Unemployment Insurance
by Ruth Reticker - The Growth of Voluntary Health Insurance: 1948–54
- Programs of Social Development: United Nations Survey
- Money Income Sources for Persons Aged 65 and Over, June 1955
by Lenore A. Epstein - Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1954
- Age of Wife When Husband Retires
by Robert J. Myers
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18 No. 11
- Federal Credit Unions: Origin and Development
by Erdis W. Smith - Medical Care for Needy Persons in Maryland
by Ida C. Merriam and Laura F. Rosen - State-Chartered Credit Unions, 1954
by Ronald M. Gardner - Federal Employees Group Life Insurance Act Amendments
by Weltha Van Eenam - Civil Service Retirement Act Amendments, 1955
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18 No. 10
- Social Welfare in the United States, 1934–54
by Ida C. Merriam - Twenty Years of Social Security
by Edwin E. Witte - 1955 Amendments to the Railroad Retirement Act
by John A. MacDougall - Employers, Workers, and Wages Under OASI
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18 No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18 No. 8
- The Social Security Act: The First Twenty Years
by Charles I. Schottland - Social Security Objectives and Achievements
by Wilbur J. Cohen - Social Security Protection, 1935–55
by Lenore A. Epstein, Dorothy McCamman, and Alfred M. Skolnik - Old-Age and Survivors Insurance After Twenty Years
by Victor Christgau - Twenty Years of Public Assistance
by Jay L. Roney - Twenty Years of Progress for Children
by Martha M. Eliot - Significant Events, 1935–55
- References on the Origin and Development of Social Security in the United States
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18 No. 7
- Incapacity and Hospital Care of Aged Beneficiaries of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Dorothy McCamman and Agnes W. Brewster - Effect of Increased OASI Benefits on Public Assistance, September–December 1954
by Sue Ossman - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, 1953–54
- Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Administrative Expenses
by Robert J. Myers - Applicants for Account Numbers, 1954
- Employers, Workers, and Wages Under OASI, April–September 1954
- Civil Service Retirement Act Amendments, 1954
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18 No. 6
- Economic Resources of Persons Aged 65 and Over
by Lenore A. Epstein - Estimated Prevalence of Long-Term Disability, 1954
by Alfred M. Skolnik - Old-Age Benefits in Current-Payment Status, December 31, 1954
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18 No. 5
- Why Do Beneficiaries Retire? Who Among Them Return to Work?
by Margaret L. Stecker - Old-Age and Survivors Insurance: History of the Benefit Formula
by Robert J. Myers - Assistance Expenditures Per Inhabitant, 1953–54
- Fifteenth Trustees Report on OASI Trust Fund
- Medical Advisory Committee on the Disability Freeze
by Arthur E. Hess
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18 No. 4
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18 No. 3
- Part-Time Employment of the Aged
by Warren J. Baker - Developing Work Units in a Child-Placing Agency
by Edward E. Schwartz - Orphanhood—A Diminishing Problem
by Louis O. Shudde - Proposed Social Security Budget for 1955–56
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18 No. 2
- Trends Affecting Public and Voluntary Social Welfare Planning
by Charles I. Schottland - The Railroad Retirement Act in 1954
by Robert J. Myers and John A. MacDougall - Canadian Act for Assistance to Disabled Persons
- Workers with Insured Status on January 1, 1955
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 18 No. 1
- Old-Age and Survivors Insurance: Coverage Under the 1954 Amendments
by James E. Marquis - A Team Approach to Rehabilitating Recipients of Aid to Dependent Children
by Ellarene L. MacCoy and Harry I. Friedman - The Team Approach to Rehabilitation
by Dorothy T. Pearse - Employers, Workers, and Wages Under OASI, January–March 1954
- OASI Contributions for State and Local Government Employees
1954
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 17 No. 12
- Voluntary Insurance Against Sickness: 1948–53 Estimates
- Old-Age and Survivors Insurance: Retirement Test Under the 1954 Amendments
by Robert J. Myers - Economic Status of Aged Persons, June 1954
by Lenore A. Epstein - Economic Status of Widows and Paternal Orphans, June 1954
by Lenore A. Epstein - Age of the Population and Per Capita Income, by State, 1953
- Workmen's Compensation Payments and Costs, 1953
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 17 No. 11
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 17 No. 10
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 17 No. 9
- Social Security Act Amendments of 1954: A Summary and Legislative History
by Wilbur J. Cohen, Robert M. Ball, and Robert J. Myers - Family Benefits in Current-Payment Status, December 31, 1953
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 17 No. 8
- Voluntary Health Insurance Coverage of Aged Beneficiaries of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Dorothy McCamman and Agnes W. Brewster - Concurrent Receipt of Public Assistance and Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Ruth White - Applicants for Account Numbers, 1953
- Conference Recommendations on Juvenile Delinquency
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 17 No. 7
- Social Security in Israel
by Wilbur J. Cohen and Carl H. Farman - Selected Child Welfare Expenditures by State and Local Agencies, 1951–52
by Mignon Sauber and Jack Wiener - Orphans in the United States, July 1, 1953
by Louis O. Shudde - Old-Age Insurance Benefits, 1953
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 17 No. 6
- Mortality After Retirement
by Robert J. Myers - Curbing Juvenile Delinquency
by Bertram M. Beck - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, 1952–53
- Employers, Workers, and Wages Under OASI, April–June 1953
- Old-Age Benefits in Current-Payment Status, December 31, 1953
- Economic Status of Aged Persons and Dependent Survivors, December 1953
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 17 No. 5
- State and Local Fiscal Effort for Public Assistance
by Charles J. Lopes and Ellen J. Perkins - Old-Age Assistance: Determining Extent of Children's Ability to Support
by Elizabeth Epler - Old Age and Retirement in Agriculture
- Allotment Formula, Hospital Survey and Construction Act
- Financial Interchange Between Railroad Retirement Program and OASI
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 17 No. 4
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 17 No. 3
- Workmen's Compensation: Measures of Accomplishment
by Dorothy McCamman and Alfred M. Skolnik - Basis and Background of the Retirement Test
by Robert J. Myers - Assistance Expenditures Per Inhabitant, 1952–53
- Old-Age Benefits, January–June 1953
- Proposed Budget for Social Security Programs, 1954–55
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 17 No. 2
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 17 No. 1
- State Public Assistance Legislation, 1953
by Jules H. Berman and George J. Blaetus - Increased Living Costs and Social Security Benefits
by Carl H. Farman - Family Benefits in Current-Payment Status, June 30, 1953
1953
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 16 No. 12
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 16 No. 11
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 16 No. 10
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 16 No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 16 No. 8
- Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Beneficiaries: Assets and Liabilities at End of 1951
by Margaret L. Stecker - Private Pension Plans in Six Countries
by H. Walter Forster and Herman B. Brotman - Applicants for Account Numbers, 1952
- Social Security Employment Taxes
- Employers, Workers, and Wages, Third Quarter, 1952
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 16 No. 7
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 16 No. 6
- Actuarial Aspects of Financing Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Robert J. Myers - Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Beneficiaries: Income in 1951
by Margaret L. Stecker - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, 1951–52
- Old-Age Benefits in Current-Payment Status, December 31, 1952
- Economic Status of Aged Persons and Dependent Survivors, December 1952
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 16 No. 5
- Retirement Protection for State and Local Employees: Ten Years of Growth
by Dorothy McCamman - Social Security in India
by Wilbur J. Cohen - Employers, Workers, and Wages, Second Quarter, 1952
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 16 No. 4
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 16 No. 3
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 16 No. 2
- Social Welfare Programs in the United States
by Ida C. Merriam - Long-Range Trends in Old-Age Assistance
by Robert J. Myers - Temporary Disability Insurance: The California Program
by Margaret M. Dahm - Workers with Insured Status on January 1, 1953
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 16 No. 1
- Aid to the Blind: Earned Income of Recipients, September 1950
by Sadie Saffian - Future Citizens All: A Report on Aid to Dependent Children
by Gordon W. Blackwell and Raymond F. Gould - Old-Age Benefit Awards, January–June 1952
- Employers, Workers, and Wages, First Quarter 1952
- Public Assistance Terms
- Initial Effect of the 1952 Amendments on Assistance Payments
1952
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 15 No. 12
- Voluntary Insurance Against Sickness: 1948–51 Estimates
- Federal Participation in Vendor Payments for Medical Care
by Vivian B. Norman - Personnel in Public Child Welfare Programs
by Mignon Sauber - Social Welfare Expenditures in the United States, Fiscal Year 1950–51
- Economic Status of Aged Persons and Dependent Survivors, June 1952
- OASI Benefit Formulas
- Workmen's Compensation Payments, 1951
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 15 No. 11
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 15 No. 10
- Minimum Standards of Social Security: New International Convention
by Robert J. Myers - Temporary Disability Insurance Laws in the United States
by Alfred M. Skolnik
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 15 No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 15 No. 8
- Resources of Aged Insurance Beneficiaries: 1951 National Survey
by Edna C. Wentworth - Expenditures for Medical Services in Public Assistance, 1946
by Ruth White - Concurrent Receipt of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Public Assistance
- Employers, Workers, and Wages, Third Quarter 1951
- Applicants for Account Numbers, 1951
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 15 No. 7
- Old-Age Assistance Recipients: Reasons for Nonentitlement to Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Benefits
by Charles E. Hawkins - Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Records: Derivation of Byproduct Data
by William H. Cummins - Social Welfare Expenditures, United States and Great Britain, 1949–50
- Old-Age Benefit Awards, 1951
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 15 No. 6
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 15 No. 5
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 15 No. 4
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 15 No. 3
- Public Assistance Employees: Their Salaries
by Ellen J. Perkins and Charles J. Lopes - Railroad Retirement Act Amendments of 1951: Financial and Actuarial Aspects
by Robert J. Myers - Proposed Budget for Social Security and Related Programs, 1952–53
- Public Assistance Recipients Newly Eligible for OASI Benefits
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 15 No. 2
- Railroad Retirement Act Amendments of 1951: Benefit Provisions and Legislative History
by Robert J. Myers and Wilbur J. Cohen - Public Assistance Employees: Their Education
by Elizabeth Epler - Workers with Insured Status on January 1, 1952
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 15 No. 1
1951
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14 No. 12
- State Public Assistance Legislation, 1951
by Jules H. Berman and George J. Blaetus - State Unemployment Insurance Legislation, 1951
- Voluntary Insurance Against Sickness: 1950 Estimates
- Family Benefits in Current-Payment Status, June 30, 1951
- Economic Status of Aged Persons and Dependent Survivors, June 1951
- Workmen's Compensation Payments, 1950
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14 No. 11
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14 No. 10
- New International Convention on Social Security
by Robert J. Myers - Prompt Payment of Assistance
by Victor D. Carlson and Wave L. Perry - Improving State Assistance Payment Procedures
- OASI Beneficiaries Under Old and New Benefit Levels
- Social Welfare Expenditures in the United States
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14 No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14 No. 8
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14 No. 7
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14 No. 6
- Financial Policy in Old-Age and Survivors Insurance, 1935–50
by James S. Parker - Disabled Old-Age Insurance Beneficiaries
by Edna C. Wentworth - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, 1949–50
- Employers, Workers, and Wages, October–December 1950
- OASI Sampling Methods
- Economic Status of Aged Persons and Dependent Survivors
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14 No. 5
- Public Assistance Concepts in an International Agency
by Marie Dresden Lane - Independent Plans Providing Medical Care and Hospital Insurance: 1950 Survey
by Agnes W. Brewster - State and Local Assistance Expenditures in Relation to Income Payments
- Liberalized Eligibility Provisions and Old-Age Benefits
- Amended OASI Benefit Formula
- New Types of OASI Benefits Awarded
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14 No. 4
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14 No. 3
- Social Security at the Midcentury: Report for the Fiscal Year 1950
- Assistance Expenditures Per Inhabitant, 1940–50
by Frank J. Hanmer and Ellen J. Perkins - Proposed Budget for Social Security and Related Programs, 1951–52
- Voluntary Insurance Against Sickness, 1949 Estimates
- Employers, Workers, and Wages, July–September 1950
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14 No. 2
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 14 No. 1
- Permanent and Total Disability Benefit Provisions in Industrial Pension Plans
by Joseph Zisman - Duration of Employment and Mobility of Workers: Industry Variations, 1947
by Harper R. Fortune - Beneficiaries Prefer to Work
by Margaret L. Stecker - Benefits and Contributions Under National Compulsory Health Insurance Programs
- Public Assistance Terms
1950
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 13 No. 12
- Old-Age and Survivors Insurance: Coverage Under the 1950 Amendments
by George J. Leibowitz - Aid to the Permanently and Totally Disabled
by Phyllis Hill - Amendments to the Civil Service Retirement Act
- Employers, Workers, and Wages, April–June 1950
- Economic Status of Aged Persons and Dependent Children
- Workmen's Compensation Payments, 1949
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 13 No. 11
- Federal Grants-in-Aid: A Bulwark of State Governments
by George E. Bigge - Extent of Total Disability in the United States
by Marjorie E. Moore and Barkev S. Sanders - Fact-Finding for the White House Conference on Children and Youth
by Melvin A. Glasser - Size of Firms Covered by Old-Age and Survivors Insurance, 1945–48
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 13 No. 10
- Social Security Act Amendments of 1950: A Summary and Legislative History
by Wilbur J. Cohen and Robert J. Myers - The Conference on Aging
by Clark Tibbitts - Egyptian Social Security Law
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 13 No. 9
- Social Security Act Amendments of 1950 in Brief
- Old-Age Retirement: Social and Economic Implications
by Robert M. Ball - Regional Differences in the Prevalence of Blindness
by Ralph G. Hurlin and Walter M. Perkins - Employers, Workers, and Wages, First Quarter, 1950
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 13 No. 8
- Aid to Dependent Children in a Postwar Year
by Elizabeth T. Alling and Agnes Leisy - Orphans in the United States: Number and Living Arrangements
by Jacob Fisher - Family Benefits Under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance, 1949
- Applicants for Account Numbers, 1949
- Turkish Retirement and Health Insurance Acts, 1949–50
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 13 No. 7
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 13 No. 6
- Vendor Payments for Medical Assistance
by Ruth White - Public Assistance Provisions for Navajo and Hopi Indians: Public Law 474
by Wilbur J. Cohen - Federal Grants to State and Local Governments, 1948–49
- British National Health Services Expenditures
- Economic Status of the Aged and Dependent Survivors
- Employers, Workers, and Wages, Fourth Quarter 1949
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 13 No. 5
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 13 No. 4
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 13 No. 3
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 13 No. 1–2
- A Program for the Nation: Recommendations from the Annual Report
- Guardianship of Children
by Alice Scott Hyatt - Voluntary Insurance Against Sickness: Estimates for 1948
- Employment Covered by Social Insurance
- Family Benefits in Current-Payment Status, June 30, 1949
- Workers with Permanently Insured Status on January 1, 1950
1949
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 12 No. 12
- State Public Assistance Legislation, 1949
by Jules H. Berman - Trends in Unemployment Insurance Coverage and Benefit Legislation
by Ruth Reticker
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 12 No. 11
- Resources of Beneficiaries of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Edna C. Wentworth and Margaret L. Stecker - Use of Pay-Roll Deductions by Federal Credit Unions
- Amendments to the Civil Service Retirement Act
- Employers, Workers, and Wages, April–June 1949
- Applicants for Account Numbers, April–June 1949
- Civil-Service Refunds
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 12 No. 10
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 12 No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 12 No. 8
- Cost Estimates for National Health Insurance, 1948
by I. S. Falk - Coverage of the Self-Employed Under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance: Foreign Experience
by Wilbur J. Cohen - Reconversion Unemployment Benefits for Seamen
by Olga S. Halsey - Social Insurance and Related Payments in 1948
- Employers, Workers, and Wages, First Quarter, 1949
- Employment Covered by Social Insurance
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 12 No. 7
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 12 No. 6
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 12 No. 5
- Planning Observation Programs for Foreign Welfare Personnel
by Anna W. Schneider and Mary S. Labaree - State Accounts in the Unemployment Trust Fund
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 12 No. 4
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 12 No. 3
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 12 No. 2
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 12 No. 1
- The Dependents of Workers: Selected Data on Numbers and Types
by Marvin S. Bloom - Social Security Recommendations: Excerpts from the President's Message
- Unemployment Insurance: Recommendations of the Senate Advisory Council
- State and Local Expenditures for Assistance in Relation to Income Payments
- Estimates of Aged Population, by State, 1940–48
- Workers with Permanently Insured Status on January 1, 1949
- Aged Beneficiaries of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and the Aged Population
1948
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 12
- Casting up Accounts in Social Security
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Public Aid Expenditures per Inhabitant, 1934-48
by Dorothy R. Bucklin - Status of Unemployment Insurance Reserves on June 30, 1948
by Nathan Ginsberg - Workmen's Compensation Payments, 1947
- Benefit Rights Under Unemployment Insurance, April-June 1948
- Employment Covered by Social Insurance
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 11
- Program Developments and Benefit Trends in Voluntary Health Insurance
by Margaret C. Klem and Margaret F. McKiever - Report on the Nation's Health
- Trends in Recipient Rates for Aid to Dependent Children
by Elizabeth T. Alling
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 10
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 9
- Dependents in Social Security Systems of Great Britain, New Zealand, Australia, and Canada
by Elva Marquard - Size of Firms Covered by Old-Age and Survivors Insurance, March 1946
- Nonrelief Income of Retired Insurance Beneficiaries in Boston
- Hearings in Public Assistance, January 1945–December 1947
- Civil-Service Refunds
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 8
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 7
- Social Security Legislation, January-June 1948: Legislative History and Background
by Wilbur J. Cohen and James L. Calhoon - Hearings in Public Assistance
by Bernard W. Scholz - Trends in Public Assistance Personnel
- Employment Covered by Social Insurance
- Primary Benefit Amounts, December 31, 1947
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 6
- Disability Protection Under Public Programs
by Dorothy McCamman - The Cost of Unemployment Insurance: Part II
by W. S. Woytinsky - Federal Responsibility for Payment of State Unemployment Insurance Administrative Expenses
by Gladys R. Friedman and Roy O. Kinsinger - Group Annuities Supplementing Retirement Benefits Under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Weltha Van Eenam
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 5
- The Cost of Unemployment Insurance
by W. S. Woytinsky - Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1948: Legislative History and Background
by Gladys R. Friedman - Proposed Changes in Old-Age and Survivors Insurance: Report of the Advisory Council on Social Security to the Senate Finance Committee
- Comparison of Actual Experience With Estimates in the Trustees' Reports
by Robert J. Myers
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 4
- Unemployment Benefits, Wages, and Living Costs
by Joseph Schachter - Recent Amendments to the Civil Service Retirement Act
by Robert J. Myers
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 3
- Trends in Interstate Migration Among the Aged
by Jacob Fisher - The Second Inter-American Conference on Social Security
by Wilbur J. Cohen
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 2
- A Budget for an Elderly Couple
- Adequacy of the Income of Beneficiaries Under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Lelia M. Easson - Budgeting To Meet Total Needs
by Evalyn G. Weller
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 11, No. 1
1947
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 12
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 11
- Employment Security and the Future
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Legislative Changes in Public Assistance, 1947
by Jules H. Berman - The New Swiss Program of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Max Bloch - Equality of Rights to Social Security
- Second Session of UN's Social Commission
by Dorothy Lally
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 10
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 9
- Development of Federal Grant Allocations
by Cecile Goldberg - Social Security Legislation in 1947
- Insurance Payments to Survivors of the Texas City Disaster
by Robert J. Myers - Social Security in Latin America, 1945-47
by Carl H. Farman
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 8
- Changes in the Resources of Beneficiary Groups in St. Louis
by Lelia M. Easson - Factors Influencing Trends in Employment of the Aged
by S. J. Mushkin and Alan Berman
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 7
- UN's Economic and Social Council Initiates Broad Plans of Work
by Ellen S. Woodward - Workers in Employment Covered by Old-Age and Survivors Insurance in 1944
by Marie Correll
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 6
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 5
- Medical Services Provided Under Prepayment Arrangements at Trinity Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas, 1941
by Margaret C. Klem - Social Security in Chile
by Wilbur J. Cohen
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 4
- Dependents' Allowances in Social Insurance
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - International Children's Emergency Fund
by Katharine F. Lenroot - Earners and Dependents in Urban Families in Relation to Family Income
by Jacob Fisher - One Year of Dependents' Allowances in Connecticut
by David Pinsky
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 3
- Temporary Disability Insurance Coordinated With State Unemployment Insurance Programs
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Techniques for Estimating the Cost of Living at the WPA Maintenance Level for Families of Differing Composition
by Lelia M. Easson and Edna C. Wentworth - Age Distribution of Workers in Industries Under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by George H. Trafton
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 2
- First Session of UN's Permanent Social Commission
by Dorothy Lally - The New British System of Social Security
by Carl H. Farman and Catherine Perrins - Merchant Seamen During the Reconversion
by Herman Sturm
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 10, No. 1
1946
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 12
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 11
- The Need for Social Security in the Postwar World
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Two Programs for Employment Security
by Arthur W. Motley - Experience Rating: Operations in 1945 and Future Trends
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 10
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 9
- Social Security Act Amendments of 1946
by Angela J. Murray - Effect of War-Risk Tax Provisions, 1943 and 1944
by Thomas C. Fichandler and Martin L. Marimont
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 8
- Community Prerogative and the Legal Rights and Freedom of the Individual
by A. Delafield Smith - UN Organizes in the Social Field: The Social Commission
by Savilla M. Simons - International Action Toward Social Security for Seamen
by Ida C. Merriam
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 7
- The Appeals System in Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Ernest R. Burton - The Administrative Review in Federal-State Social Security Programs
by William L. Mitchell - Characteristics and Incomes of Families Assisted by Aid to Dependent Children
- The First Two Years of Social Insurance in Mexico
by Wilbur J. Cohen
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 6
- Women Workers and Unemployment Insurance Since VJ-Day
by Olga S. Halsey - Aged Beneficiaries, Assistance Recipients, and the Aged in the General Population
by Jacob Fisher - Commercial Nursing and Boarding Homes in Philadelphia
by Margaret K. Bishop
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 5
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 4
- Social Insurance in Venezuela
by Oscar M. Powell - Legislative Changes in Public Assistance, 1945
by Jules H. Berman and Haskell Jacobs - Unemployment Insurance and the Retraining of Unemployed Workers
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 3
- Improving Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Postwar Economic Perspectives IV. Aftermath of the War
by W. S. Woytinsky - The Employment Act of 1946
by Anne Scitovszky
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 2
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 1
- People on the Move: Effect of Residence Requirements for Public Assistance
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Postwar Economic Perspectives II. Prewar Experience: The Labor Force and Employment
by W. S. Woytinsky - Costs of Medical Care of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Beneficiaries in St. Louis and 12 Ohio Cities
by Lelia M. Easson
1945
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 12
- Facing Forward to Peace: Recommendations of the Social Security Board in Its Tenth Annual Report
- A National Health Program: Message From the President
- How Can We Assure Adequate Health Service for All the People?
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Postwar Economic Perspectives 1. Experience After World War I
by W. S. Woytinsky
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 11
- Administering Unemployment Insurance
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Claimants and Job Openings in Three Cities
by Marvin S. Bloom and F. Bernard Miller - UNRRA and War's Aftermath
by Ellen S. Woodward - Resources of Widow and Child Beneficiaries in Seven Cities
by Marie Correll Malitsky
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 10
- Permanent Committee of the Inter-American Conference of Social Security
- Paternal Orphans
by Thomas J. Woofter, Jr. - State Differences in Unemployment Compensation Employer Taxes
by Rachel S. Gallagher
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 9
- The New Zealand Social Security Program
by Jacob Fisher - Trends in Old-Age Insurance and Old-Age Assistance
by Merrill G. Murray and Elinor Pancoast - Living Arrangements of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Beneficiaries in St. Louis
by Edna C. Wentworth
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 8
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 7
- What Social Security Can Mean to the South
by Ellen S. Woodward - Family Relationships and Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Oscar C. Pogge - State Unemployment Compensation Laws of 1945
by Ruth Reticker
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 6
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 5
- Medical Care for Persons in Need
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Perspectives on the Reconversion
by W. S. Woytinsky - Experience-Rating Operations in 1944
- Tripartite Hearings on Benefit Determinations
by James G. Bryant
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 4
- Social Security for State and Local Government Employees
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Human Aspects of the Transition From War to Peace
by Ewan Clague - Why Beneficiaries Returned to Work
by Edna C. Wentworth
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 3
- Social Security for "Industrialized" Agriculture
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Children and Family Security
by Thomas J. Woofter, Jr. - Employment and Earnings Under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance During the First Year of the War
by Jacob Perlman and Howard J. Kumin
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 2
- Reappraising Aid to Dependent Children as a Category
by Grace M. Marcus - Foreign Experience in Social Insurance Contributions for Agricultural and Domestic Workers
by Wilbur J. Cohen - Merit Systems in the Social Security Program
by Oscar M. Powell - State Aid to Veterans
by Franklin M. Aaronson and Hilda Rosenbloom
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 1
- Children and Family Income
by Thomas J. Woofter, Jr. - Social Security for Domestic Employees
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Disability and Medical Care Insurance: An Excerpt From the Board's Ninth Annual Report
- Why Beneficiaries Retire
by Edna C. Wentworth
1944
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 12
- Social Security During and After the War: Recommendations of the Board's Ninth Annual Report
- Looking Ahead in Public Assistance
by George E. Bigge - The Comparability of Public Assistance Payments and Social Insurance Benefits
by Jacob Fisher - Life-insurance and Annuities on United States Lives, 1935-43
by Weltha Van Eenam - Benefit Suspensions and "Dry Spells" When Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Beneficiaries Go to Work
by Mignon Sauber
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 11
- Public Assistance Goals: Recommendations of the Social Security Board
- UNRRA—A Democratic Plan for International Relief
by Ellen S. Woodward - Seasonal Employers and Seasonal Workers Under State Unemployment Compensation Laws
by Marianne Sakmann Linnenberg - A Social Security Plan for Great Britain: The Government's White Paper
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 10
- Unemployment Compensation in the Reconversion Period: Recommendations by the Social Security Board
- New Developments in Workmen's Compensation
by Verne A. Zimmer - War Mobilization and Reconversion Act of 1944: An Analysis of the "George Bill"
by Wilbur J. Cohen and Jessica H. Barr
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 9
- The Significance of the Money Payment in Public Assistance
by Jane M. Hoey - Unemployment Compensation Goals in the Reconversion Period
by Gladys R. Friedman and William H. Wandel - Experience-Rating Operations in 1943
- The British White Paper on Employment Policy
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 8
- The Desirability of Extending Social Security to Employees of Nonprofit Institutions
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - State Differences in Insurance Status Under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by George H. Trafton and Leonard H. Feinroth - A National Health Service: Report of the Council of the British Medical Association
- The Public Health Service Act, 1944
by Alanson W. Willcox
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 7
- The G.I. Bill of Rights: An Analysis of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944
- Cut-Backs and Unemployment Compensation, September 1943-April 1944
by Marvin S. Bloom and Arnold Steinbach - Public Assistance Personnel, Jan.-June 1943
by Jack Charnow and Saul Kaplan
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 6
- Uninsured Workers With Wage Credits Under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by George H. Trafton - The 1944 International Labor Conference
by Jessica H. Barr - State Experience With Uniform Benefit Year and Base Period
by Ruth Reticker and Margaret M. Dahm
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 5
- War-Risk Contribution Provisions in State Unemployment Compensation Laws
by Gladys R. Friedman - Old-Age and Survivors Insurance: Insured Workers and Their Representation in Claims
by George E. Immerwahr and Harry Mehlman - A Health Service Plan for South Africa
- The Second Actuarial Valuation fo the Railroad Retirement Act
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 4
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 3
- Comparison of Benefit Schedules, Unemployment Compensation and Workmen's Compensation
by Helen Ward Tippy - A National Health Service: The British White Paper
- Family Resources To Meet Costs of a Worker's Last Illness and Death
by Janet Leland - The "Why" Survey of the Bureau of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Roy E. Touchet
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 2
- Strength and Weakness of our Unemployment Compensation Program
by George E. Bigge - The Continuous Work History Sample Under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Jacob Perlman and Benjamin Mandel
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 1
- A Basic Minimum Program of Social Security
- Trends in Disqualification From Benefits Under State Unemployment Compensation Laws
by Ewan Clague and Ruth Reticker - The Basic Skill in Social Security
by Karl de Schweinitz - Fact Finding in the Field Office
by Ralph Gower
1943
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 12
- A Survey of Claimants for Unemployment Compensation in February-March 1943
by Arnold Steinbach and Philip Booth - Social Insurance and Public Assistance Payments
by Elva Marquard - A Career in Public Service
- Recruitment for Public Assistance Agencies
by Martha Strong Smith - Some Experiments With Contribution Rate Differentials in British Unemployment Insurance
by Amy G. Maher
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 11
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 10
- Old-Age and Survivors Insurance for Small Businessmen
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Administrative Review in Public Assistance
by Kathryn D. Goodwin - The Blind--Their Numbers and Characteristics
by Barkev S. Sanders
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 8
- The Prevalence of Disability Recorded Through Four Monthly Sample Surveys
by Barkev S. Sanders and David Federman - Duration of Unemployment Benefit Payments, Benefit Years Ended in 1941
- Rehabilitation of Disabled Veterans in Germany
by A. MacGregor Ayer
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 7
- Economic and Social Status of Beneficiaries of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Edna C. Wentworth - Administration of the Servicemen's Dependents Allowance Act of 1942
by Harry Grossman - Defense Trainees and Availability for Work
by Ralph Altman - State and Local Employees Covered by Government Retirement Systems
by Dorothy McCamman
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 6
- The Effect of Liquidation of the WPA on Need for Assistance
by Ruth White - Income Cycle in the Life of Families and Individuals
by W. S. Woytinsky - Farmers and Farm Laborers in Employment Covered by Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Fred Safier, John Useem, and Walter Quinn - War Civilian Security Program
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 5
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 4
- Gainfully Employed Women in Chicago
by Erna Magnus - Effect of Increased Federal Participation in Payments for Old-Age Assistance, 1940-41, and Aid to Dependent Children, 1940-42
by Ellen J. Newman and Saul Kaplan - Pensions and Rehabilitation Services for Disabled Ex-Servicemen in the U.S.S.R.
by Denis A. Cooper
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 3
- Extending the Social Security Program
- The Mexican Social Insurance Law
by Gustavo-Adolfo Rohen y Galvez - Relationships of Home Relief to Private Employment and to Other Public Programs in New York City, 1940-42
by Elizabeth Epler - Service, Compensation, and Age of Railroad Employees, 1941
by Ira Marshak - The Future of Medicine in Great Britain: A Review fo the Medical Planning Research Report
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 2
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 6, No. 1
- Social Security for Great Britain--A Review of the Beveridge Report
by Martha D. Ring
1942
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 12
- Social Security and Post-War Planning
by George E. Bigge - British Proposals for the Future of Social Insurance and Services
by Elizabeth L. Otey - Present Protections and Relief for Members of the Armed Forces
by D. C. Bronson - Long-Range Trend in Per Capita Income and Wages
by W. S. Woytinsky - Experience-Rating Operations in Wisconsin, 1942
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 11
- Desirability of Expanding the Social Insurance Program Now
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Pensions and Compensation to Veterans and Their Dependents
by Franklin M. Aaronson - The Effect of War Displacements on the Detroit General Assistance Program
- Washington State Programs for the Blind
by Gwen Hardin
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 10
- The First Inter-American Conference on Social Security
by Wilbur J. Cohen - Wages in Place of Benefits
by Elizabeth Paschal and Elizabeth Koellner - Effect of the War Economy on Financing Public Assistance
- The Sixth Year of the Railroad Retirement System
by Jack M. Elkin
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 9
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 8
- Some Recent Developments in Voluntary Health Insurance
by Margaret C. Klem - Unemployment Compensation Beneficiaries and Benefit Rights in Ramsey County, Minnesota, 1939
by Marvin S. Bloom
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 7
- Employment of Women in War Production
- Labor-Force Reserves
by Barkev S. Sanders - Wartime Federal Civilian Employees and Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by D. C. Bronson
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 6
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 5
- Employment and Wages Under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance, 1940
by Merrill G. Murray and Mason C. Doan - Techniques for Estimating the Number of Workers With Wage Credits Toward Unemployment Compensation
by Charles M. Larson
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 4
- Seasonal Workers Under the Minnesota Unemployment Compensation Law
by Edward F. Medley - Quarterly Employment and Pay Rolls Under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance, 1940
by J. R. Arnold, R. A. Keller, and George H. Trafton - Bibliography on War Measures of Foreign Countries in Social Insurance and Related Fields
by Fred Safier and Arthur F. Ackermann
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 3
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 2
- Measuring the Effect of Defense Employment on Relief Loads
by Walter M. Perkins - Service Aspects of Public Assistance Administration Facilitating Rehabilitation of Persons in Need
by Lucille Martin Smith - Physical Condition and Medical Supervision of Nearly Two Million Aged Persons
by Anne E. Geddes
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 5, No. 1
- Workmen's Compensation Benefits in the United States, 1939 and 1940
by Michalina M. Libman - Unemployment Benefit Rights and Beneficiaries in Polk County, Iowa, 1938-39
by Homer J. Freeman - Federal Contributory Retirement Systems Other Than Civil Service
by Ruth Reticker - Farm Labor Market Conditions, January to October 15, 1941
1941
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 12
- Family Security and National Defense
by Helen R. Jeter - Employment Characteristics of Interstate Workers in Covered Employment in 1938
by Ida C. Merriam and Elizabeth Bliss McClelland - Family Composition of Workers Represented in Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Claims
by George E. Immerwahr
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 11
- Insured Status Under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Michael T. Wermel and Benjamin Mandel - Marital and Parental Status According to Age
by Robert J. Myers and Eugene A. Rasor - Legislative Changes in Public Assistance, 1941
- Canadian Provisions for Aid for Dependents of Members of the Army and Air Force
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 10
- Intake Practices in Local Public Assistance Agencies
by Margaret Leahy - Negro Domestic Workers in Private Homes in Baltimore
by Erna Magnus - Workers With Annual Taxable Wages of Less Than $200 in 1937-39
by Wayne F. Caskey - Experience-Rating Operations in 1941 A Preliminary Survey
- Variations in Assistance Payments and Social Characteristics of Recipients Accepted for Old-Age Assistance
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 9
- Effects of Migration on Unemployment Benefit Rights
by Ida C. Merriam and Elizabeth T. Bliss - Migration and National Defense
by Joyce Campbell and Catherine R. Harris - Interstate Industrial Migration as Reflected in Claims for Unemployment Compensation Filed in 1939
- Job Seekers Registered at Public Employment Offices, April 1941
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 8
- The Needs of the Aged in Relation to Need Among Other Groups
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Vocational Training For Defense
- Experience in Appeals Under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Ernest R. Burton and Irving Ladimer - Relationship as a Problem in Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Michael Fooner and Robert Francis
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 7
- Estimated Employment and Wages of Workers Covered by State Unemployment Compensation Laws, 1940
- The Agricultural Wage Worker In Employment Covered by Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Fred Safier, Walter Quinn, and Edward J. Fitzgerald
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 6
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 5
- Employment and Earnings as Tests of Eligibility for Unemployment Benefits in South Carolina
by Charles V. Kidd and Melford A. Wilson - The Protection and Use of Information Obtained Under the Social Security Act
by Ida C. Merriam - Employment and Wages of Workers Covered by State Unemployment Compensation Laws, 1939
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 4
- Employees and Their Wages Under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance, 1937-39
by John J. Corson - Foreign Provisions for the Dependents of Mobilized Men
by Marianne Sakmann - Benefits and Beneficiaries Under the Civil Service Retirement Act
by Ruth Reticker
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 3
- Social Insurance for Permanently Disabled Workers
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Preserving State Unemployment Benefit Rights for Individuals Entering Military Service
by William H. Dillingham - Experience Rating in Indiana, 1940
- Characteristics and Taxable Wages of Negro Workers, 13 Selected Southern States, 1938
by Charles L. Franklin - The Administration of General Relief in the States During 1940
by Dorothy R. Bucklin and Alden J. Teske
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 2
- Employment Security in Great Britain During the First 14 Months of the War
by Benjamin Haskel - Movement of Workers Into and Out of Covered Employment, 1937 and 1938
by Merrill G. Murray and Michael T. Wermel - Experience Rating in Wisconsin, 1940
- Social Characteristics and Employment Status of Urban Workers
by Anne G. Kantor, Doris Carlton, and Barkev S. Sanders
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 4, No. 1
1940
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 12
- Characteristics of Employees Under Old-Age Insurance in 1938
by John J. Corson - Medical Services Under Health Insurance Abroad
by I. S. Falk - Higher Education Institutions and the Social Security Act
by Merrill G. Murray and Ilse M. Smith
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 11
- Adequacy of Unemployment Benefits in the Detroit Area During the 1938 Recession
by Daniel Creamer and Arthur C. Wellman - Amendments to the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act
by Solomon S. Kuznets
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 10
- Austrian Experience with Retraining to Meet Labor-Market Needs
by Arnold Steinbach - Economic Status of the Aged in Urban Households
by Barkev S. Sanders
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 9
- A Report to the President by the Interdepartmental Committee to Coordinate Health and Welfare Activities
- Who Are the People Receiving Aid to the Blind and How Much Assistance Are They Receiving?
by Anne E. Geddes - Adequacy of Benefit Duration in Michigan, 1938-39: A Survey of Experience in a Minor Depression
by Paul L. Stanchfield
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 8
- Sampling Technique for Obtaining Number of Covered Workers Under State Unemployment Compensation Laws
by Harry J. Winslow - Wage Reports Must Be Right
by Philip S. Broughton
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 7
- Social Security in Relation to Agriculture and Rural Areas
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Labor Supply and the Defense Program
by Ewan Clague - Hearing and Review of Claims and Wage-Record Cases Under Old-Age and Survivors Insurance
by Irving Ladimer - Six Months of State Merit System Progress
by Albert H. Aronson
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 6
- Formulas for Variable Federal Grants-in-Aid
by Daniel S. Gerig, Jr. - Volume and Disposition of New Claims for Benefits in 1939
by Charles V. Kidd and Enid B. Francis - Social Insurance and Related Measures in Wartime Europe
by Almon F. Rockwell - Extension of the Scope of National Assistance Programs in Great Britain
by Ida C. Merriam and Diane Bochner
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 5
- Citizenship and Family Security
by A. Delafield Smith - Old-Age and Survivors Insurance in its Relation to Public Employees
by D. C. Bronson
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 4
- The Effects of Relating Weekly Benefit Amounts to Annual Earnings
by Thomas C. Fichandler - Interviewing
by Alice J. Webber - Income, Children, and Gainful Workers in Urban Multi-Family Households
by Barkev S. Sanders, Anne G. Kantor, and Doris Carlton
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 3
- The Roles of Unemployment Insurance and Unemployment Assistance in Great Britain
by Ida C. Merriam and Diane Bochner - Costs and Benefits Under Prepayment Medical-Service Plans
by Louis S. Reed - Social Insurance Payments in the United States
by Ruth Reticker
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 2
- Social Democracy in Sweden
by Helen Fisher Hohman - An Analysis of the Administrative Expenses of 28 Public-Assistance Agencies During 1938-39
by Joel Gordon - Income, Children, and Gainful Workers in Urban Single-Family Households
by Barkev S. Sanders and Anne G. Kantor
Social Security Bulletin, Vol. 3, No. 1
- Liberalizing Unemployment Compensation
by Arthur J. Altmeyer - Notes on Adequacy of Unemployment Compensation
by Daniel Creamer and Marvin Bloom - Earmarking Tax Funds for Welfare Purposes
by Ewan Clague and Joel Gordon - The Final Participation of the Federal Government in State Welfare Programs
by Daniel S. Gerig, Jr. - A Review of State Legislation Relating to Medical Services and to Cash Payments for Disability, Proposed During 1939
by Marjorie Shearon - Industrial and Occupational Classifications of Third-Quarter Placements
- Railroad Unemployment Insurance
- Sources of Funds Expended for the Special Types of Public Assistance and General Relief in 1938-39