... Title : The Crystal Structure of Illite/Smectite. ... Keywords: X ray diffraction, Illite smectite, Fundamental particles, Clay minerals, Mixed layered clays. ...
DTIC Science & Technology
We have investigated experimentally the effects of temperature and time on the extent of interstratification of illite-smectite (I/S) and the crystallinity of illite using natural solutions and clay minerals from the Waiotapu geothermal field, New Zealand. Reactions were conducted in sealed stainless steel vessels kept in an oven at 270 C for 100 days. ...
Energy Citations Database
In natural diagenetic shale systems, smectite converts to illite and mixed-layer illite-smectite in less than a million years at temperatures between 75 degrees C and 200 degrees C. This has raised questions as to the stability of smectite-based bentonite...
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
... Clay minerals consist of an illite-vermiculite-montmorillonite mixed-layer mineral, vermiculite, illite, kaolinite, and clay-size quartz with vermiculite ...
... Accession Number : ADA425956. Title : Role of Microbes in the Smectite-to-Illite Reaction. Descriptive Note : Journal article. ...
primarily of quartz, kaolinite, and illite. The clay minerals are most ... composed primarily of kaolinite, illite, and quartz, differing only in the ...
NASA Website
Page 1. American Mineralogist, Volume 92. pages 1401-1410, 2007 Microbial effects in promoting the smectite to illite reaction ...
... CLAY MINERALS, ORGANIC MATERIALS, CYSTEINE, MICROORGANISMS, TOLUENES, ANTHRAQUINONES, ELECTRON MICROSCOPY ...
Illite is a general term for the dioctahedral mica-like clay mineral common in sedimentary rocks, especially shales. Illite is of interest to the petroleum industry because it can provide a K-Ar isotope date that constrains the timing of basin heating events. It is critical to establish that hydrocarbon formation and migration occurred after the formation ...
PubMed
Illite is a general term for the dioctahedral mica-like clay mineral common in sedimentary rocks, especially shales. Illite is of interest to the petroleum industry because it can provide a K-Ar isotope date that constrains the timing of basin heating events. It is critical to establish that hydrocarbon formation and migration occurred after the ...
PubMed Central
Potassium enrichment is common in surface horizons of many paleosols and has been attributed to the formation of authigenic illite from smectites during burial diagenesis. In such cases, the presence of primary smectite is key to the illitization process, which then results in potassium enrichment as a byproduct. Potassium enrichment in paleosols where no ...
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The effects of saturating cation (Na or K) and pH on the critical coagulation concentrations (CCCs) of illite were measured. Flocculation series tests showed that between pH 6 and 11, the time-in-variant CCCs of Na illite increased from 6 to 58 mol Na m{sup {minus}3}; release of interlayer K was controlled by adding 0.1 mol K m{sup {minus}3} to ...
Authigenic filamentous illite can severely reduce permeability despite relatively high porosities in sandstones. The effect of illite on rock properties is dependent on the illite's morphology. By combining careful core preservation, critical-point drying, and scanning electron microscopy examination, it can be shown that ...
The smectite component of the buffer material in a nuclear fuel waste disposal vault could slowly transform over long periods of time to an inter-stratified illite/smectite (I/S) material. This has important implications for the long-term effectiveness of...
Temperature, pressure, and time have been thought to control the smectite-to-illite (S-I) reaction, an important diagenetic process used for petroleum exploration. We demonstrated that microorganisms can promote the S-I reaction by dissolving smectite thr...
Sufficient clay has passed through the ocean to exert a significant influence on its chemical composition. The extraction of potassium by the formation of illite is considered by some to be one of the more important processes operative in the sea. Some of...
Cysteine and toluene as model organic molecules were intercalated into Fe-rich smectite (nontronile, NAu-2). The illitization of these intercalated smectites as induced by microbial reduction of structural Fe(3+) was investigated. Iron-reducing bacterium ...
Geological systems analogous to proposed packing materials have been reviewed and investigated and approximate temperature limits for smectite, mixed layer smectite/layer smectite/illite and illite have been found to be 100, 200, and 250 C, respectively. ...
Use of hydrogen sulfide for reductive chromate immobilization requires us to understand how the minerals in the subsurface environment will affect the reaction. In this study, we examined the effects of illite and kaolin on the reduction of Cr(VI) by hydr...
The research on illitization of smectite in the natural environment affords information on the long-term durability of bentonite which is the candidate for buffer material. Murakami bentonite deposit in central Japan, where the bentonite and rhyolitic int...
Basal X ray diffraction patterns of mixed layered illite/smectite minerals have been calculated using the fundamental particle concept of Nadeau and co-workers. The patterns are more realistic than those computed according to Markovian statistics, which i...
... Abstract : Estimates of the optical absorption coefficients for montmorillonite, hectorite, nontronite, metabentonite, illite, and attapulgite clay minerals ...
nucleotides, illite and hydroxylapatite for amino acids) induces the formation of oligomers up to 55 monomers long. These are ...
... Detrital silicates (feldspars, quartz, illite, and chlorite) and minor amounts of organic matter are the remaining constituents present. ...
), willemite (Zn2SiO4), hemimorphite (Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 � H2O), and Zn-containing magnetite ([Fe,Zn]Fe2O4) were, willemite, franklinite, magnesio-ferrite, mag- nesio-riebeckite, illite- smectite mixed layer, illite,� clinozoisite,� vesuvianite,� illite- smectite mixed layer, illite, kaolinite, chlo- rite, ...
E-print Network
... (4) geothermometers and geochronometers; (5) smectite, vermiculite, illite, and related reactions; (6) soils and clays in environmental research; ...
... has resulted in a method of analysis to assess the susceptibility of a homogeneous earth dam, constructed of predominately illite or montmorillonite ...
Ankerite Calcite Plagioclase Chlorite Quartz Illite Expandable clays Hornblende Apatite Serpentine? IVC
Reflectance spectra of alunite (triangles), kaolinite. (squares), illite ( circles), and buddingtonite (diamonds) measured with a FieldSpec� FR field ...
... Dispersion staining was used to determine the concentrations of quartz, kaoLinite, illite, gypsum, and the car- bonate family when the particle ...
Samples from the Sonoran Desert of Arizona are composed predominantly of clays ( illite, smectite) and Mn- and Fe- oxides (birnessite, hematite). ...
mixed layers and smectite/chlorite mixed layer minerals) at 17.2�16.7 � after graphical removal of the chlorite peak at 14 �, 2. Illite (including regular illite-smectite mixed layers) at 10.1 �, and 3.58 � (Biscaye, 1964). The terms smectite, illite, chlorite, and kaolinite are used here as general
Fibrous illite in oilfield sandstones � a nucleation kinetic theory of growth Mark Wilkinson* and R), but modelling of sandstone-like systems shows that reaction kinetics are very rapid, and not rate-limiting (Berger et al., 1997). Any model for illite growth in sandstones should offer explanations
This paper reports that core, log, and well-test analyses from two wells recently completed in the Frontier sandstone in the Moxa Arch area of Wyoming revealed that fibrous illite severely reduced gas productivity. In this study area, presence of fibrous illite currently cannot be predicted and effects can be recognized only through laboratory tests on ...
words: Callovo-Oxfordian, Clay minerals, Clay diagenesis, Illite-smectite, Mixed- layering a mineralogical transition from an illite-smectite (I-S) mixed-layered mineral (MLM), which is essentially smectite, in addition to discrete illite, kaolinite and chlorite. Structural parameters of the different
Rock containing certain clay minerals is chemically disaggregated by treatment with a compound which causes a rupturing or negation of the bonding between unit cells of the clay mineral. The clay minerals may be illite, illite-type, mixed lattice minerals of the illite type or mixture thereof. The treatment compound may be hydrazine, ...
Disaggregation of rock finds use in a number of areas including mining, ore dressing, and hydrocarbon production. Rock containing certain clay minerals is chemically disaggregated by treatment with a compound which causes a rupturing or negation of the bonding between unit cells of the clay mineral. The clay minerals may be illite, illite- type, mixed ...
K-Ar ages of illite alteration associated with Middle Proterozoic Athabasca unconformity-type U deposits in Saskatchewan range from 414 to 1493 Ma. The K-Ar ages correlate with water contents and D values such that illites with young K-Ar ages have D values as low as -169 and water contents as high as 7.7 wt.% whereas illites with ...
CESIUM SORPTION TO ILLITE AS AFFECTED BY OXALATE LAURA A. WENDLING 1, *, JAMES B. HARSH 1 , CARL D Abstract--Cesium uptake by plants depends on adsorption/desorption reactions in the soil, as well as root plant root exudates may influence Cs+ bioavailability in micaceous soils. Cesium sorption on illite
Early silicate diagenesis is characterized by the precipitation of minerals with high silica activity, such as opaline silica, smectite, and clinoptilolite, and by pore-water silica activities exceeding quartz saturation. With burial, this early, high-silica activity diagenesic facies is succeeded by a low-silica activity facies distinguished by quartz precipitation and progressive development of ...
Decades ago it was established that illite effectively improves {sup 137}Cs leach resistance. Subsequently, illite has become a standard ingredient used at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in grouts developed to stabilize {sup 137}Cs. Adding illite improves {sup 137}Cs leach resistance by three orders of magnitude, and increasing the ...
DOE Information Bridge
Illites from Goose Lake (Illinois) and Beavers Bend (Oklahoma) were equilibrated in 0.2 M and 2.0 M KCl solutions with excess kaolinite and either gibbsite, boehmite, quartz, or amorphous silica. Teflon-lined reaction vessels were used to heat the charges from 25/sup 0/ to 250/sup 0/C at the vapor pressures of solution. Partial reversibility was demonstrated by approaching ...
Authigenic NH[sub 4]-bearing illites in coal fractures from the Anthracite region of eastern Pennsylvania yield individual K/Ar dates of 236-253 Ma ([+-]8 m.y.) and a composite isochron of 253 Ma ([+-]8 m.y.). Rh/Sr data for the same samples indicate an isochron of 260 Ma ([+-]44 m.y.), consistent with the more precise K/Ar data. The age of NH[sub 4]-bearing ...
The authors have reacted natural smectite in a hydrothermal flow-through apparatus in order to investigate the mechanism and kinetics of the smectite-to-illite reaction. Experiments were conducted from 150-300C and 150 bars, and input fluids consisted of near-neutral pH, Si- and Al-bearing, KCl solutions. The unique design of the apparatus allows periodic sampling of solids as ...
Morecambe field is centered on Block 110/2, 26 mi (42 km) off the northwestern coast of England. The gas-bearing structure occurs in Triassic sandstones with the top of the reservoir at an average depth of 3,000 ft (915 m), about 6,500 ft (2 km) less than maximum burial. Production is constrained by the presence of coarse-textured (crystals often > 20 {mu}m) platy illite. ...
Biogeochemical processes in the rhizosphere can significantly alter chemical reactions between contaminants and soil minerals. Several strains of bacteria that exude aluminum-chelating compounds were isolated from the rhizosphere of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum) collected from the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). We examined the effect of exudates from ...
The acid-base characteristics of naturally occurring illites, collected from different locations, were investigated by potentiometeric titrations. The experimental data were interpreted using the constant capacitance surface complexation model. Considerable release of Al and Si from illite samples and subsequent complexation or precipitation of hydroxyl ...
This study was undertaken to investigate the rate and extent of reduction of Fe(III) in two different illite samples, Muloorina and Fithian, by facultative anaerobe, Shewanella putrefaciens CN32. The Fithian illite (API reference illite from Illinois) is relatively pure with only a trace amount of goethite. The starting material ...
In the last decade extent of smectite-to-illite reaction in shales, % illite (%I) in mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S), has achieved status as a paleothermometer approaching vitrinite reflectance (%Ro). Scores of examples show downhole increase in %I that parallels %Ro. As with %Ro, published kinetic models predict %I as a function of ...
Climate evolution associated with the uplift in Gyirong, southern margin of the Tibetan plateau, was investigated based on the clay mineralogy of the Gyirong sediments, using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy methods. The (chlorite + illite)/(kaolinite + smectite) ratio and the illite crystallinity index suggest the trend of paleoclimate ...
The characterization of illite clay minerals by the use of the technique of differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) is presented. This presentation is offered not only as a review of the thermal characteristics of this important group of clay materials but suggestions relative to the application of the thermal analysis ...
The carbonate-hosted Buick mine Pb-Zn-Cu deposit in the Viburnum Trend, southeast Missouri, is immediately overlain by the shale of the Davis Formation. The mineralogy of clay and clay-sized minerals and selected geochemical aspects of this shale were examined along a traverse normal to the Viburnum Trend. The shale consists of illite, illite-smectite, ...
A tertiary argillaceous rock formation and a quarternary intrusive rock which intruded into the former, distributed in the Nishikubiki district of Niigata prefecture in central Japan, has been investigated as a natural analogue of bentonite alteration in a repository for high-level radioactive waste. Lateral variation of clay mineral species in the aureole of intrusive rock has been examined and ...
Biogeochemical processes in the rhizosphere can significantly alter interactions between contaminants and soil minerals. In this study, several strains of bacteria that exude aluminum (Al)-chelating compounds were isolated from the rhizosphere of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum) collected from the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). We examined the effects of exudates from bacteria in the ...
The Amethyst Vein System is an epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-Au deposit in the Creede mining district, southwest Colorado. Silicification and argillization are the two dominant facies of hydrothermal alteration associated with the deposit. Most silicification occurs in the intermediate and deep levels of the system and most argillized rock occurs high in the system. It is shown that the hydrothermal ...
by illite Ni-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) phases was observed at pH may lead to different Ni retention upon inter-this was due to a greater importance of Ni-Al LDH precipitation action with the clay mineral). At the illite edge sites, both the formationpH, and/or a higher Al content in the Ni-Al LDH phase formed
The early introduction of clays into continental sandstones has been attributed to mechanical infiltration by percolation of clay-rich surface waters into grain framework or cutans formed from pedogenic processes. The discovery of pedogenic mud aggregates as traction-load mud in ancient fluvial deposits suggests that permeability and porosity of terrigenous sandstones can be influenced at ...
Solid products from hydrothermal experiments conducted at 250 C and P{sub v,soln} were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ATEM/HRTEM. Experiments were conducted with muscovite, kaolinite, and quartz or amorphous silica in 2M KCl solutions for 43 to 176 d. Post-experiment solution compositions lie either within the illite(0.88 K) stability field or on the ...
Ammonium Smectite. Alunite (K). Natroalunite 65mol% Na ... NH4 Illite/Smectite. Jarosite. Kaolinite (wxl). Kaolinite (pxyl). Lepidochrosite. Mesolite ...
... Formation Factor-porosity relationships determined in the laboratory for three clays (kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite), Providence silt, four sands ...
... sheet plus one octahecral sheet (smectite, illite, and chlorite). ... some clay minerals are larger ... sional clay mineral lavers together to form relatively thin ...
... Samples of quartz sand (Fischer Sea Sand) and illite clay (API#35) were spiked wilt DFM, aged, slurried and inoculated with DFM-acclimated soil ...
... Examples An addiction to caffeine, which temporarily alleviates ... users as incompetent or computer illite- rate ... often appears to be a zero-sum game. ...
Three basic clay minerals -- kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite -- were investigated to determine the feasibility of stabilizing or otherwise improving selected engineering properties using lime or cement. Treatment with lime developed greater unconfin...
The colloquium was convened to compose a summary of the most recent data and the best scientific appraisal of present knowledge on the process of smectite conversion to illite. A brief account of a consensus view on the probable stability of smectite clay...
... clay-sized fraction of the average sediment consists of approximately 20 per cent Fe-chlorite, 30 per cent kaolinite, and 50 per cent illite with minor ...
the geometry and properties of the conductive pore space [Gangi, 1978]. Parameters k0, m, and P1 were
... a mixture tests also used one input mineral, but with ... for large spectra of several of the minerals were very ... the spectra of illite and chlorite in parallel ...
Four standard clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite and attapulgite) and an altered ... NASA Center: Ames Research Center Publication Year: 2001 ...
Ordered illite/smectite is the most abundant and widespread product of argillic alteration associated with the Oligocene, epithermal, Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu-Au Amethyst vein system, southwest Colorado. Hydrothermal illite/smectites exhibit all Reichweite from 1 to ?3 and span the composition range from about 25% to about 3% illite.� The ...
... Thermophilic iron reducing bacteria have a significant role in promoting the smectite to illite reaction under conditions common in sedimentary ...
... Abstract : Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 reduces Fe(III) within illites which have different properties: the Fithian bulk fraction and the <0.2 ...
chlorite, epidote, calcite, illite/sercite. The purpose of this study was to use both AVIRIS and HST data to map weathering and alteration minerals in the ...
Clay mineral data, potassium-argon (K-Ar) ages, and mathematical model simulations indicate the important kinetic factors controlling the smectite to illite transformation (illitization) in Upper Cretaceous Mowry and Niobrara core and outcrop bentonites from the Denver basin. The data also provide additional information on the thermal history of the basin. ...
An activation energy of 19.6 +- 3.5 kcal/mole was found for conversion of synthetic beidellite with the composition Al/sub 2/Si/sub 3/./sub 66/Al/sub 0/./sub 34/O/sub 10/(OH)/sub 2/K/sub 0/./sub 34/ to mixed-layer illite/smectite. The size of this activation energy and the rate constants suggest that (1) the alteration of smectite to illite during ...
K/Ar dating of diagenetic illite provides quantitative information regarding the timing of major geological events within sedimentary basins. K/Ar data, however, have to be evaluated in the framework of sedimentological, mineralogical and structural configuration. These information together with other quantitative data can reveal the dynamics of diagenetic events, such as ...
-S-bearing kaolin. Pitchstone kaolin and weakly altered pitchstone contain chalcedony, clinoptilolite, mordenite
... around a pile were used to derive in-situ permeabilities and undrained shear strengths from piezometer probe measurements in smectite- and illite ...
Natural illite from Marblehead, Wisconsin (MH), USA, has been equilibrated with 0.2 and 2.0M KCl/KOH and KCl/HCl solutions in the presence of excess kaolinite or microcline and quartz or amorphous silica at temperatures between 25 and 250C and P{sub v} = P{sub H2O}. Reversibility of univariant equilibria was demonstrated by approach from high and low a{sub K{sup +}}/a{sub ...
several types of alunite, different jarosites, illite, kaolinite, ... selected which showed maximum variation between alunite, kaolinite, buddingtonite, ...
By mapping the minerals musco- vite/illite, goethite, chlorite and pyrophyllite amongst others, two different Early Archaean hydrothermal ...
... minor (secondary mineral)*** ... common � Calcite common, dolomite infequent � Halite infrequent � Clay minerals: illite, chlorite, saponite, kaolinite ...
... abundant quartz, feldspar, hornblende, illite and chlorite ... bonate rocks supplied the minerals found in New York ... Mineral Constituents of Quick Clays ...
... used in conjunction with the internal reflectance cell to obtain the complex refractive index of water and SF-96. The complex refractive indices of illite ...
A concentric zonation of authigenic clays occurs in altered tuff beds deposited in saline-alkaline playa-lake complex that represents the Brushy Basin Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in the eastern part of the Colorado Plateau. Along the margins of the playa-lake complex, randomly ordered smectitic mixed-layer clays (80-100% expandable layers) formed upon alteration of silicic ...
... The soil samples were mostly sandy soils and lateritic soils, composed mainly of quartz, perthite, kaolinite, illite, and goethite, or some combination ...
Burial diagenetic processes of pelitic sediments have been the subject of mineralogical investigations in Tertiary basins all over the world. Because of oil exploration, the investigations were focused on the Gulf Coast region in the United States. The diagenetic reaction from smectite to illite can be related to petroleum migration processes. The aim of this study is to ...
High pressure consolidation tests indicate that temperature does not seem to affect the compressibility of bentonite and illite. However, the compressibility of kaolinite increases slightly with an increase in temperature. The effect of temperature on the...
The coagulation rates of kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite were determined in solutions at various ionic strengths. In addition, the coagulation rates of selected sediments collected from the Pamlico Estuary of North Carolina were determined. Finally...
... No evidence was found for alteration of illite after two months exposure to artificial salt water or after ingestion by H. filiformis and N. acuta. ...
... r-impL(,d are mixtures; of' minerals. ... MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SEDIMENT SAMPLES ... Harbor kaoliite8 montmorillonite chlorite, illite vermiculite ...
... The average mineral compositions were kaolin 0.50, montmorillonite 0.44, and illite 0.06. Typical cation exchange capacities for these minerals are ...
Mar 1, 2011 ... Four standard clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite and attapulgite) and an altered tephra sample from Mauna Kea were treated ...
... mineral analysis; (2) surface chemistry; (3) extraterrestrial clay minerals; (4) geothermometers and geochronometers; (5) smectite, vermiculite, illite, ...
