Metallothioneins (MTs) are cytosolic proteins involved in cellular stress responses. The objectives of this study were to determine which epididymal cells express MTs, how they are regulated, and whether mRNA levels for 3 MT isoforms (MT I, MT II, and MT III) are modulated by heavy metals. MT expression was noted mainly in basal cells ...

Immunohistochemical cell proliferation analyses have come into wide use for evaluation of tumor malignancy. Topoisomerase II{alpha} (topo II{alpha}), an essential nuclear enzyme, has been known to have cell cycle coupled expression. We here show the usefulness of quantitative analysis of topo II{alpha} mRNA to ...

Phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) is a key enzyme in inflammation and is thought to play an important part in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. To investigate the nature and regulation of phospholipase A2 activity in the gastrointestinal mucosa, the distribution of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for group II phospholipase A2 in various ...

Recent studies have shown that angiotensin II has a trophic action on the heart. The presence of two types of angiotensin II receptors, type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2), has been reported in the rat heart. This in situ hybridization study describes the tissue and cell location of AT2 receptor mRNA in the developing rat cardiopulmonary ...

The growth hormone-insulin like growth factor (GH-IGF) axis plays an important role in the endocrine control of fish growth. We have previously reported differential expression of insulin like growth factor-II (IGF-II) in faster growing channel catfish families, but IGF-II¿s role during nutritional...

There is decreased activity of glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCP II) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and hippocampus of patients with schizophrenia. GCP II hydrolzses N-acetyl-alpha L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (NAAG), a peptide in the mammalian brain that binds to the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and a group ...

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that angiotensin II (Ang II) has both direct (via AT1 receptors) and indirect (via sympathostimulator pathway) actions on the synthesis and activity of the enzymes involved in the extracellular matrix degradation in vivo. For this purpose, sympathectomy and blockade of the Ang II receptor ...

AIMS: To elucidate potential mechanisms of drug resistance, levels of topoisomerase II alpha mRNA, a target for cytostatic drugs, were measured in cryopreserved tumour tissue from 36 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. To evaluate the potential association between topoisomerase II alpha and cell proliferation, ...

BackgroundThe use of genome-wide RNA abundance profiling by microarrays and deep sequencing has spurred a revolution in our understanding of transcriptional control. However, changes in mRNA abundance reflect the combined effect of changes in RNA production, processing, and degradation, and thus, mRNA levels provide an occluded view of ...

The in vivo role of glucocorticoids in controlling prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2) expression in the human amnion is unclear despite extensive studies using in vitro models. We addressed this issue by determining PTGS2 mRNA levels and gene transcriptional activity, RNA polymerase-II (pol-II) binding, ...

Secretogranin II (SgII) is a protein of pituitary secretory granules released by LHRH-stimulated gonadotrope cells. Estrogens and androgens are modulators of SgII release. Experiments were performed to determine the regulation of expression of the SgII gene in the female rat pituitary, during sexual maturation and ...

Expression of pulmonary surfactant, a complex mixture of lipids and proteins that acts to reduce alveolar surface tension, is developmentally regulated and restricted to lung alveolar type II cells. The hydrophobic protein surfactant protein-B (SP-B) is essential in surfactant function, and insufficient levels of SP-B result in severe respiratory ...

To investigate whether the mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) exerts any in vitro bioactivity on rat osteoblasts and the potential regulatory mechanism of this bioactivity. Rat osteoblasts were incubated in the presence and absence (control) of ionic dissolution product of MBG in minimal essential medium. The osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were measured using MTT and alkaline ...

The rate of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) elongation can influence splice site selection in nascent transcripts, yet the extent and physiological relevance of this kinetic coupling between transcription and alternative splicing (AS) is not well understood. We performed experiments to perturb Pol II elongation and then globally compared AS ...

The rate of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) elongation can influence splice site selection in nascent transcripts, yet the extent and physiological relevance of this kinetic coupling between transcription and alternative splicing (AS) is not well understood. We performed experiments to perturb Pol II elongation and then globally compared AS ...

Blood-borne angiotensin-II (Ang-II) has profound effects in the brain. We tested the hypothesis that Ang-II-dependent hypertension involves differential Ang-II type I (AT₁) receptors expression in the subfornical organ (SFO) and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Male Wistar rats were ...

Two forms of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II with molecular masses of 10 and 7.5 kDa, respectively, were found in tumor tissue from human adrenal pheochromocytomas. The tumors contained 5.3-7.1 ..mu..g of immunoreactive IGF-II per g of tissue, which is about 20 times more than in adrenal medulla. The total bioactive IGF measured by radioimmunoassay in ...

BackgroundCell functions depend on molecules organized in the cellular society. Two basic components are mRNA molecules and proteins. The interactions within and between those two components are crucial for carrying out sophisticated cell functions. The interplay can be analyzed by comparing expression levels of mRNA and proteins. This ...

The synthesis and subsequent nuclear export of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) directed by RNA polymerase (Pol) II is very sensitive to abiotic and biotic external stimuli including pathogen challenges. To assess whether stress-induced ncRNAs may suppress the nuclear export of mRNA, we exploited the ability of Agrobacterium tumefaciens to co-deliver Pol I, ...

The relationship of merA gene expression (specifying the enzyme mercuric reductase) to mercury volatilization in aquatic microbial communities was investigated with samples collected at a mercury-contaminated freshwater pond, Reality Lake, in Oak Ridge, Tenn. Levels of merA mRNA transcripts and the rate of inorganic mercury [Hg(II)] ...

Fish endure long periods of fasting and demonstrate an extensive capacity for rapid and complete recovery after refeeding. The underlying mechanisms through which nutrient intake activates an increase in somatic growth and especially in muscle growth is poorly understood. In this study we examined the expression profile of major muscle growth regulators in trout white muscle 4, 12, and 34 days ...

To quantify the sex-change progression from male to female in the cinnamon clownfish, Amphiprion melanopus, we divided gonadal development into three stages (I, mature male; II, male at 90 days after removal of the female; and III, mature female), and the expression of GTH subunits and GTH receptors during each of these stages was investigated. The mRNA of ...

The effects of fasting on IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in channel catfish were examined. Fed control fish (Fed) were compared to fish that had been fasted for 30 days followed by 15 days of additional feeding (Restricted). Sequence alignment and similarity to orthologous protei...

The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to the pathophysiology of heart failure by the generation of angiotensin II at local sites within the kidneys. Angiotensin II may directly influence renal hemodynamics, glomerular contractility, and tubular sodium reabsorption, thereby promoting sodium and fluid retention in this syndrome. In the ...

COUP-TF II is an 'orphan steroid receptor' that binds a wide variety of AGGTCA repeats and represses thyroid hormone (T3) and retinoid dependent trans-activation; however, very little is known of its functional and/or developmental role during mammalian cell differentiation. T3 and retinoids have been demonstrated to promote terminal muscle differentiation via activation of ...

Screening of a human B-cell cDNA library with a topoisomerase II beta gene-specific probe revealed the presence of two distinct forms of topoisomerase II beta cDNA. One form (designated topoisomerase II beta-1), representing the majority of the clones, would encode the topoisomerase II beta amino acid sequence ...

There is evidence that onions and garlic protect against cancer in humans. It has been suggested that this effect is partly due to the organosulfur compounds in Allium vegetables and that these substances act through induction of phase II detoxification enzymes. Here, we hypothesized that alk(en)yl thiosulfates, sodium n-propyl thiosulfate (NPTS), and sodium 2-propenyl ...

Topoisomerase II? (Topo II?) has been implicated in the benzene-induced hemotoxicity in vitro. This study was to examine the effect of in vivo chronic benzene exposure on Topo II? in human bone marrow mononuclear cells, and to further explore the mechanism underlying decreased Topo II? expression in patients with ...

To improve our understanding of RNA polymerase II, the gene that encodes its third-largest subunit, RPB3, was isolated from a lambda gt11 DNA library by using antibody probes. The RPB3 DNA sequence predicts a 318-amino-acid protein whose sequence was confirmed, in part, by microsequence analysis of the gel-purified RNA polymerase II subunit. RPB3 was found ...

The authors have analyzed levels of inosine 5(prime)-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH; E.C. 1.1.1.205) type II mRNA levels in a human melanoma cell line, SK-MEL-131, and a Chinese hamster ovary cell line synchronously progressing through the cell cycle ...

The effect of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) on collagen biosynthesis was investigated in confluent primary monolayer cultures of rabbit articular chondrocytes (RAC). Exposure to TGF-beta (0.1, 1, and 10 ng/ml) in serum-free medium caused a dose- and time-dependent stimulation of collagen biosynthesis associated with an increase of steady-state levels of ...

The current work investigates whether creatine metabolism is involved in renal adaptation to dehydration. Wistar rats were either deprived of water or induced to drink water abundantly during 60 h. Cortical and medullar mRNA levels of Na(+)/Cl(-)/creatine transporter (CRT), l-arginine: glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT), guanidinoacetate methyltransferase ...

Drosophila encodes five muscle and one cytoskeletal isoform of the actin-binding protein tropomyosin. We have identified a lack-of-function mutation in the cytoskeletal isoform (cTmII). Zygotic mutant embryos show a defect in head morphogenesis, while embryos lacking maternal cTmII are defective in germ cell formation but otherwise give rise to viable ...

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a key proapoptotic factor in fibrotic tissue diseases. However, the mechanism of Ang-II-induced cell death in endothelial cells has not been previously elucidated. Using the neutral comet assay and specific receptor antagonists and agonists, we found that Ang-II-mediated apoptosis in ...

To obtain rates of mRNA synthesis and decay in yeast, we established dynamic transcriptome analysis (DTA). DTA combines non-perturbing metabolic RNA labeling with dynamic kinetic modeling. DTA reveals that most mRNA synthesis rates are around several transcripts per cell and cell cycle, and most mRNA half-lives range around a median of ...

To obtain rates of mRNA synthesis and decay in yeast, we established dynamic transcriptome analysis (DTA). DTA combines non-perturbing metabolic RNA labeling with dynamic kinetic modeling. DTA reveals that most mRNA synthesis rates are around several transcripts per cell and cell cycle, and most mRNA half-lives range around a median of ...

The stability and regulation by oxygen of mRNAs for the photosynthetic apparatus in Rhodobacter capsulatus have been studied by using proflavin to inhibit transcription and by shifting cells from anaerobic to aerobic conditions. The results from the inhibition experiments show that the mRNA for the light-harvesting LH-II polypeptides (..beta.., ..cap ...

The increased activity of intrarenal renin�angiotensin system (RAS) in a setting of elevated arterial pressure elicits renal vasoconstriction, increased sodium reabsorption, proliferation, fibrosis and renal injury. Increases in intrarenal and interstitial angiotensin (Ang) II levels are due to increased AT₁ receptor mediated Ang ...

Gains of chromosomes 7p and 8q are associated with poor prognosis among oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) stage I/II breast cancer. To identify transcriptional changes associated with this breast cancer subtype, we applied suppression subtractive hybridisation method to analyse differentially expressed genes among six breast tumours with and without chromosomal 7p and 8q ...

Gains of chromosomes 7p and 8q are associated with poor prognosis among oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) stage I/II breast cancer. To identify transcriptional changes associated with this breast cancer subtype, we applied suppression subtractive hybridisation method to analyse differentially expressed genes among six breast tumours with and without chromosomal 7p and 8q ...

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) productively infects CD34(+) progenitor-derived, mature Langerhans-type dendritic cells (matLC) and reduces surface expression of MHC class II complexes (MHC II) by increasing intracellular retention of these molecules. To determine whether HCMV also inhibits MHC II expression by other mechanisms, we ...

Transcript abundance of the gene encoding ?-galactosidase II, a ?-galactosidase/exo-galactanase (EC 3.2.1.23) present during tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit ripening, was suppressed by expression of an antisense tomato ?-galactosidase 4 (TBG4) cDNA driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. RNA gel-blot analysis was used to evaluate TBG4 ...

Although aberrant fibrinolysis and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) are implicated in acute lung injury, the role of this serpin in the pathogenesis of wood bark smoke (WBS)-induced acute lung injury (SIALI) and its regulation in resident lung cells after exposure to smoke are unclear. A total of 22 mechanically ventilated pigs were included in this study. Immunohistochemical analyses ...

Suppression of TSH release from the hypothyroid thyrotrophs is one of the most rapid effects of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (T(3)) or thyroxine (T(4)). It is initiated within an hour, precedes the decrease in TSH? mRNA inhibition and is blocked by inhibitors of mRNA or protein synthesis. TSH elevation in primary hypothyroidism requires both the loss of ...

It is commonly appreciated that the mRNA level is determined by the balance between its synthetic and decay kinetics. Yet, little is known about coordination between these distinct processes. A major pathway of the eukaryotic mRNA decay initiates with shortening of the mRNA poly(A) tail (deadenylation), followed by ...

The pivotal role of posttranscriptional gene regulation is strongly underlined by genome-wide analyses showing strikingly low correlation between mRNA and protein levels in bacterial and archaeal cells. The stability of an mRNA and its availability for translation contribute to posttranscriptional gene regulation, and are determined by ...

BackgroundSurfactant proteins are produced predominantly by alveolar type II (ATII) cells, and the expression of these proteins can be altered by cytokines and growth factors. Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance is suggested to be important in the pathogenesis of several adult lung diseases. Recently, we developed a culture system for maintaining differentiated adult human ATII cells. ...

Insulin-like growth factors, IGF-I and IGF-II, play important roles in development and myelination in the CNS, but little is known about the response of IGF after demyelination. The present study investigated the expression of IGF and their cognitive receptors in the process of remyelination following ethidium bromide (EBr)-induced demyelination in the adult mouse spinal cord. ...

Angiotensin II (AngII) is best known for its role in blood pressure regulation, but it also has documented actions in the reproductive system. There are two AngII receptors, type 1 (AGTR1) and type 2 (AGTR2). AGTR2 mediates the noncardiovascular effects of AngII and is expressed in the granulosa cell layer in ...

The expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and its mRNA was investigated in surgical biopsies from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and Northern blotting. Normal areas of lungs resected for cancer were used as controls. Tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA levels were higher in idiopathic ...

Accumulation of specific deposits and extracellular molecules under the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have been previously observed in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and may play a role in the pathogenesis of AMD. Even though age is the major determinant for developing AMD, clinical studies have revealed hypertension (HTN) as another systemic risk factor. Angiotensin ...

Cholesterol and lipoproteins represent important risk factors for atherosclerosis. In order to better understand the genes involved in determining lipoprotein levels, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed using a cross between NZB and SM/J mice. Significant LOD scores for loci determining total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol, ...

In view of the evidence linking plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels to a protective effect against coronary artery disease and the widespread use of fibrates in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, the goal of this study was to analyze the influence of fibrates on the expression of apolipoprotein (apo) A-II, a major protein constituent of ...

In this study, we detected the expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-IR, IGF-IIR, and IGFBP-3 mRNA at 50 (E50), 70 (E70), and 90 (E90) days of gestation, and 1 (D1), 20 (D20), 70 (D70), 120 (D120), and 180 (D180) days of age in the longissimus dorsi (LD) and the semitendinosus (ST) of pigs from a Yorkshire boar�Erhualian sow (YE) cross as well as a Erhualian ...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and ?-defensins are important components of the innate immune system. This study aimed to evaluate endometrial mRNA levels of TLRs (1/6, 2, 4, and 5) and ?-defensin 5 in Holstein cows by quantitative real time RT-PCR. Uterine biopsies were performed from 6 to 12 h after parturition, and cows were divided into two groups: (i) cows ...

The plastid psbA mRNA is present in all tissues, while the encoded 32 kDa D1 protein of photosystem II accumulates tissue-specifically and in response to light. To study the regulation of D1 accumulation, a chimeric uidA gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (GUS) under control of the psbA 5'- and 3'-regulatory regions (224 and 393 bp, respectively), was ...

Previous studies have shown that glucose increases angiotensin II (AngII) levels in rat glomerular mesangial cells and that AngII mediates the inhibitory effects of high glucose on matrix degradation in these cells. The present study addresses the following questions: (1) What are the mechanisms for the generation ...

Mechanical stress is an important regulator of chondrocyte functions but the mechanisms by which chondrocytes sense mechanical signals are unknown. Receptors for matrix molecules are likely involved in the mechanical signaling. In the first part of this study we identified integrins with affinity for the cartilage-specific collagen type II. We report that the collagen-binding ...

In this study induction of MT-I and MT-II by dexamethasone (DEX), a primary inducer of MT, was determined by HPLC analysis of protein and Northern blot analysis of MT mRNAs. Rats were injected with DEX (0.03-10 umol/kg) and 24 hrs later, hepatic concentrations of MTs were determined. In controls, only MT-II was detected (9.4 +/- 2.5 ug/g). DEX did not ...

Compensatory growth (CG) is a period of growth acceleration that exceeds normal rates after animals are alleviated of certain growth-stunting conditions. In hybrid striped bass (HSB, Morone chrysops X Morone saxatilis), 3 weeks of complete feed restriction results in a catabolic state that, when relieved, renders a subsequent phase of CG. The catabolic state was characterized by depressed ...

In the present study, the expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) mRNA was investigated in rat testis and epididymis during postnatal development and experimental cryptorchidism using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in�situ hybridization. The results revealed that i) in the testis, PACAP mRNA ...

Activation of the interferon-inducible 68-kDa protein kinase (referred to as P68) by double-stranded RNA catalyzes phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 2. We have analyzed the transient expression of mutant and wild-type kinase molecules in transfected COS cells to examine the effects of the kinase on gene expression in the absence of other ...

The authors examined the mechanisms that are responsible for the regulation of c-fos gene expression in human monocytes. Levels of c-fos mRNA were low or undetectable in resting monocytes. Results of run-on transcription assays, however, demonstrated that both the first two and last two exons of the c-fos gene were transcribed at similar rates, and that ...

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants, which are ubiquitous environmental contaminant found in both abiotic and biotic environmental samples. Deca-BDE (BDE-209) is the principal component, which is currently used worldwide. In this study, the effect of BDE-209 on the mRNA levels of thyroid hormone (TH) related genes and ...

Mutations in the insulin receptor gene can render the cell resistant to the biological action of insulin. The authors have studied a patient with leprechaunism (leprechaun/Minn-1), a genetic syndrome associated with intrauterine growth retardation and extreme insulin resistance. Genomic DNA from the patient was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction catalyzed by Thermus aquaticus (Taq) DNA ...

Expression and regulation of IGFBP-2 and IGF-II by GH and glucose in the rat insulin producing beta-cell line, INS-1, were determined. These cells express high levels of the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) gene which is regulated by glucose. GH has no regulatory activities on IGF-II or ...

The cerebral frontal cortex of patients who had schizophrenia shows elevated levels of RNA for calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II beta (CaMKIIbeta). In addition, recent research shows that animal models for schizophrenia, such as amphetamine-sensitized rats, consistently show elevated levels of D2 receptors in their ...

The integral membrane proteins of photosystem II (PS II) reaction center complexes are encoded by chloroplast genomes. These proteins are absent from thylakoids of PS II mutants of algae and vascular plants as a result of either chloroplast or nuclear gene mutations. To resolve the molecular basis and the concurrent absence of the PS ...

We investigated whether transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) regulates mouse placental lactogen-II (mPL-II) secretion by cells from day 12 of pregnancy. TGF-alpha significantly inhibited mPL-II secretion by the third and fourth day of culture, and then stimulated mPL-II secretion from the sixth day. The ...

Angiotensin II exerts its cardiovascular effects mainly through the activation of AT(1) receptors. These receptors can be regulated at a post-transcriptional level, that is through the modulation of the mRNA stability. This regulation usually involves proteins which are able to bind the 3'UTR of the mRNA molecule. ...

In eukaryotic cells, different RNA species are exported from the nucleus via specialized pathways. The mRNA export machinery is highly integrated with mRNA processing, and includes a different set of nuclear transport adaptors as well as other mRNA binding proteins, RNA helicases, and NPC-associated proteins. The protozoan parasite ...

Interleukin 1 beta was found to stimulate arachidonic acid release, and the synthesis and secretion of type II phospholipase A2 by rabbit articular chondrocytes in vitro. Interleukin 1 beta had no effect on the level of cytosolic phospholipase A2 mRNA. Insulin-like growth factors, which help stabilize the cartilage matrix, reduced the ...

Through analysis of a cDNA library and third-party annotation of available database sequences, we characterized the full-length coding regions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Type I, Onmy-ARG01, and Type II, Onmy-ARG02, arginase genes. Two partial related arginase sequences, Onmy-ARG01b and Onmy-ARG02b, and a full-length zebrafish arginase coding region (Danio rerio), ...

BackgroundBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase receptor (trkB-TK+) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD₆₇) mRNA levels have previously been found to be reduced in the prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. To determine whether this reduction extends to other brain regions, we measured the expression ...

Newly isolated lymphocytes from mouse spleens express the c-fos oncogene even in the absence of mitogen with maximal mRNA levels 60 min post preparation of single cell suspension, whereas c-myc mRNA levels increase only after mitogenic stimulation with maximal mRNA levels 6 ...

GnRH-II is the most evolutionarily conserved member of the GnRH peptide family. In mammals, GnRH-II has been shown to regulate reproductive and feeding behaviors. In female musk shrews, GnRH-II treatment increases mating behaviors and decreases food intake. Although GnRH-II-containing neurons are known to reside in ...

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis of the indirect (via the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)) and direct (via AT1 receptors) contributions of Angiotensin II (Ang II) on the synthesis of collagen types I and III in the left ventricle (LV) in vivo. Sympathectomy and blockade of the Ang II receptor AT1 were performed alone or ...

Constitutive expression of major histocompatibility complex class II genes is acquired very early in B-cell ontogeny and is maintained up to the B-cell blast stage. Terminal differentiation in plasma cells is, however, accompanied by a loss of class II gene expression. In B cells this gene system is under the control of several loci encoding transacting ...

Polysialic acid (PSA) is a unique carbohydrate composed of a linear homopolymer of ?-2,8 linked sialic acid, and is mainly attached to the fifth immunoglobulin-like domain of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in vertebrate neural system. In the brain, PSA is exclusively synthesized by the two polysialyltransferases ST8SiaII (also known as STX) and ST8SiaIV (also known ...

BackgroundGlioblastoma is the most lethal primary malignant brain tumor. Although considerable progress has been made in the treatment of this aggressive tumor, the clinical outcome for patients remains poor. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are recognized as promising targets for cancer treatment. In the past several years, HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) have been used as radiosensitizers in glioblastoma ...

In a preceding study it has been reported that the freshwater sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis, living in Lake Baikal (East Siberia), is composed of spicules forming a characteristic pattern which follows radiate accretive growth. Here we report that the spicules are synthesized by the enzyme silicatein, a protein which is related to cathepsin L. The cDNAs for silicatein and the related cathepsin L ...

In a preceding study it has been reported that the freshwater sponge Lubomirskia baicalensis, living in Lake Baikal (East Siberia), is composed of spicules forming a characteristic pattern which follows radiate accretive growth. Here we report that the spicules are synthesized by the enzyme silicatein, a protein which is related to cathepsin L. The cDNAs for silicatein and the related cathepsin L ...

Synthesis of the serotype H3 (SerH3) surface antigen is temperature dependent and responds within 1 h to a change in incubation conditions. Recently, a Tetrahymena thermophila cDNA clone has been shown to be homologous to a portion of the SerH3 mRNA, and it was shown that the cellular levels of this RNA rapidly decreased when cells were shifted from 30 to ...

of the Ribosome - Consists of 2 subunits, - Bacterial ribosomes i. small subunit ii. large subunit - Eukaryotic. If the message is polycistronic = #12;9 2. mRNA structure in eukaryotes - Transcription and translation are - Eukaryotic mRNA undergoes - Eukaryotic mRNA is usually a. The 5' end of eukaryotic ...

Objective: To study the effect of velvet antler polypeptides (VAPs) on osteoarthritic chondrocytes (OCs) in rabbits. Methods: An osteoarthritic rabbit model was established according to Hulth's method. OCs were isolated and cultured for observation of the cell cycle. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay and the cell cycle was monitored by flow cytometry. The phenotype was determined by ...

Estrogen modifies human emotion and cognition and impacts symptoms of schizophrenia. We hypothesized that the variation in the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene and cortical ESR1 mRNA is associated with schizophrenia. In a small case�control genetic association analysis of postmortem brain tissue, genotype CC (rs2234693) and haplotypes containing the C allele of a ...

The efficacy of alpha interferon (IFN-?) in the treatment of severe type II essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC) has been reported previously. In some patients, the development of neutralizing antibodies to recombinant IFN-? (rIFN-?) can affect the clinical response achieved with rIFN-?; a second treatment with natural IFN-? preparations may reinduce the clinical response. ...