Personal Income and Per Capita Personal Income by BEA Economic Area 2009-2011

		Personal income				Per capita personal income¹
		(millions of dollars)			Percent change 2010-2011²	(dollars)			2011 Rank in U.S.
FIPS	Area name	2009	2010	2011	Percent change 2010-2011²	2009	2010	2011	2011 Rank in U.S.
00000	United States ³	11,852,715	12,308,496	12,949,905	5.2	38,637	39,791	41,560	.
57001	Aberdeen, SD (Economic Area)	3,176	3,253	3,991	22.7	40,197	40,679	49,624	6
57002	Abilene, TX (Economic Area)	7,125	7,576	7,983	5.4	31,761	33,439	35,119	108
57003	Albany, GA (Economic Area)	16,605	17,116	17,837	4.2	27,076	27,751	28,787	178
57004	Albany-Schenectady-Amsterdam, NY (Economic Area)	54,629	57,159	59,540	4.2	39,320	41,093	42,856	25
57005	Albuquerque, NM (Economic Area)	30,855	31,507	32,722	3.9	33,485	33,692	34,656	115
57006	Alpena, MI (Economic Area)	6,978	7,184	7,482	4.2	29,875	30,943	32,337	157
57007	Amarillo, TX (Economic Area)	15,997	17,471	18,990	8.7	32,832	35,259	37,949	70
57008	Anchorage, AK (Economic Area)	29,852	31,243	33,003	5.6	42,713	43,749	45,665	16
57009	Appleton-Oshkosh-Neenah, WI (Economic Area)	30,022	31,408	32,871	4.7	35,458	36,905	38,411	64
57010	Asheville-Brevard, NC (Economic Area)	21,098	21,448	22,353	4.2	30,574	30,879	32,040	160
57011	Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Gainesville, GA-AL (Economic Area)	259,099	266,829	280,904	5.3	35,084	35,764	37,244	82
57012	Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC (Economic Area)	19,498	20,256	21,210	4.7	31,581	32,405	33,787	132
57013	Austin-Round Rock, TX (Economic Area)	67,283	71,604	76,689	7.1	37,383	38,783	40,325	45
57014	Bangor, ME (Economic Area)	10,706	10,791	11,242	4.2	32,356	32,675	34,078	126
57015	Baton Rouge-Pierre Part, LA (Economic Area)	30,166	31,132	32,589	4.7	36,371	37,159	38,747	62
57016	Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX (Economic Area)	15,578	16,390	17,320	5.7	33,965	35,543	37,411	79
57017	Bend-Prineville, OR (Economic Area)	7,140	7,286	7,656	5.1	33,082	33,760	35,081	110
57018	Billings, MT (Economic Area)	12,613	13,216	14,011	6.0	35,982	37,369	39,267	56
57019	Birmingham-Hoover-Cullman, AL (Economic Area)	60,583	63,142	65,754	4.1	34,702	36,074	37,498	78
57020	Bismarck, ND (Economic Area)	7,033	7,681	8,548	11.3	39,495	42,439	46,550	13
57021	Boise City-Nampa, ID (Economic Area)	22,595	23,540	24,607	4.5	31,549	32,557	33,636	133
57022	Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-NH (Economic Area)	397,621	412,875	433,418	5.0	48,124	49,752	52,025	4
57023	Buffalo-Niagara-Cattaraugus, NY (Economic Area)	51,439	53,582	55,937	4.4	35,205	36,696	38,373	65
57024	Burlington-South Burlington, VT (Economic Area)	15,126	15,634	16,425	5.1	38,857	40,000	41,906	32
57025	Cape Girardeau-Jackson, MO-IL (Economic Area)	9,132	9,425	9,858	4.6	30,518	31,326	32,729	153
57026	Casper, WY (Economic Area)	15,735	16,909	17,973	6.3	43,754	46,832	49,494	7
57027	Cedar Rapids, IA (Economic Area)	19,293	19,852	21,370	7.6	37,974	38,872	41,515	35
57028	Champaign-Urbana, IL (Economic Area)	17,710	18,541	19,410	4.7	32,363	33,787	35,389	106
57029	Charleston, WV (Economic Area)	37,319	38,202	40,089	4.9	31,138	31,871	33,479	141
57030	Charleston-North Charleston, SC (Economic Area)	24,009	25,240	26,838	6.3	34,579	35,719	37,237	83
57031	Charlotte-Gastonia-Salisbury, NC-SC (Economic Area)	98,251	101,741	107,586	5.7	33,807	34,677	36,269	92
57032	Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI (Economic Area)	437,725	451,735	470,215	4.1	42,166	43,342	44,988	18
57033	Cincinnati-Middletown-Wilmington, OH-KY-IN (Economic Area)	87,179	89,092	93,448	4.9	37,357	38,032	39,798	48
57034	Clarksburg, WV+Morgantown, WV (Economic Area)	10,601	11,146	11,746	5.4	31,682	32,944	34,484	121
57035	Cleveland-Akron-Elyria, OH (Economic Area)	161,229	165,642	174,488	5.3	35,112	36,166	38,204	66
57036	Colorado Springs, CO (Economic Area)	25,349	26,668	28,453	6.7	36,331	37,179	39,119	60
57037	Columbia, MO (Economic Area)	16,323	16,826	17,590	4.5	32,526	33,286	34,625	118
57038	Columbia-Newberry, SC (Economic Area)	33,984	34,855	36,229	3.9	31,854	32,347	33,425	142
57039	Columbus-Auburn-Opelika, GA-AL (Economic Area)	14,929	15,570	16,637	6.9	32,351	33,355	35,041	112
57040	Columbus-Marion-Chillicothe, OH (Economic Area)	92,051	95,109	100,510	5.7	34,177	35,054	36,808	87
57041	Corpus Christi-Kingsville, TX (Economic Area)	24,840	26,601	28,602	7.5	29,719	31,557	33,577	137
57042	Dallas-Fort Worth, TX (Economic Area)	306,013	323,780	343,807	6.2	38,584	40,192	41,980	30
57043	Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL (Economic Area)	18,328	19,047	20,177	5.9	37,718	39,046	41,283	37
57044	Dayton-Springfield-Greenville, OH (Economic Area)	46,270	47,510	50,132	5.5	33,541	34,456	36,310	91
57045	Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO (Economic Area)	174,354	180,840	191,767	6.0	42,742	43,725	45,710	15
57046	Des Moines-Newton-Pella, IA (Economic Area)	47,107	48,567	53,078	9.3	37,760	38,633	41,979	31
57047	Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI (Economic Area)	236,041	242,555	256,716	5.8	34,480	35,560	37,684	75
57048	Dothan-Enterprise-Ozark, AL (Economic Area)	9,596	10,060	10,361	3.0	30,806	32,026	32,917	150
57049	Dover, DE (Economic Area)	19,136	19,747	20,540	4.0	33,193	33,859	34,937	113
57050	Duluth, MN-WI (Economic Area)	11,764	12,201	12,791	4.8	33,242	34,457	36,123	97
57051	El Paso, TX (Economic Area)	31,648	33,900	36,014	6.2	27,571	28,930	30,189	175
57052	Erie, PA (Economic Area)	15,847	16,338	17,268	5.7	30,849	31,765	33,631	134
57053	Eugene-Springfield, OR (Economic Area)	25,439	26,059	27,193	4.4	31,565	32,216	33,509	139
57054	Evansville, IN-KY (Economic Area)	25,166	25,989	27,478	5.7	32,907	33,882	35,743	98
57055	Fargo-Wahpeton, ND-MN (Economic Area)	11,450	12,440	13,538	8.8	38,430	41,288	44,551	19
57056	Farmington, NM (Economic Area)	7,103	7,273	7,637	5.0	32,042	32,639	34,534	120
57057	Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO (Economic Area)	16,159	17,081	17,951	5.1	31,140	32,224	33,362	145
57058	Flagstaff, AZ (Economic Area)	4,667	4,668	4,851	3.9	33,220	32,928	34,221	124
57059	Fort Smith, AR-OK (Economic Area)	10,163	10,370	10,756	3.7	29,738	30,173	31,196	170
57060	Fort Wayne-Huntington-Auburn, IN (Economic Area)	24,327	25,034	26,422	5.5	30,690	31,522	33,169	149
57061	Fresno-Madera, CA (Economic Area)	47,377	49,740	52,577	5.7	28,231	29,266	30,621	174
57062	Gainesville, FL (Economic Area)	14,024	14,755	15,254	3.4	29,083	30,510	31,449	166
57063	Grand Forks, ND-MN (Economic Area)	7,448	7,981	8,734	9.4	36,164	38,654	42,439	27
57064	Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI (Economic Area)	59,024	61,305	64,713	5.6	30,820	31,969	33,615	135
57065	Great Falls, MT (Economic Area)	5,058	5,265	5,601	6.4	34,624	35,653	37,729	73
57066	Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, NC (Economic Area)	62,940	64,233	67,163	4.6	32,139	32,621	33,964	130
57067	Greenville, NC (Economic Area)	24,260	25,205	26,385	4.7	34,889	35,578	37,060	85
57068	Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson, SC (Economic Area)	42,541	44,050	46,100	4.7	30,679	31,566	32,772	152
57069	Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS (Economic Area)	13,808	14,156	14,437	2.0	33,904	34,352	34,680	114
57070	Harrisburg-Carlisle-Lebanon, PA (Economic Area)	76,178	78,314	82,085	4.8	35,026	35,810	37,407	80
57071	Harrisonburg, VA (Economic Area)	9,725	9,931	10,409	4.8	30,624	31,162	32,552	155
57072	Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic, CT (Economic Area)	102,018	104,980	109,714	4.5	44,483	45,684	47,741	8
57073	Helena, MT (Economic Area)	8,826	9,115	9,622	5.6	34,103	34,989	36,584	89
57074	Honolulu, HI (Economic Area)	54,194	55,832	59,014	5.7	40,242	40,952	42,925	22
57075	Houston-Baytown-Huntsville, TX (Economic Area)	280,840	299,121	321,906	7.6	41,272	43,113	45,638	17
57076	Huntsville-Decatur, AL (Economic Area)	35,336	37,035	38,301	3.4	32,185	33,436	34,342	122
57077	Idaho Falls-Blackfoot, ID (Economic Area)	9,637	9,831	10,348	5.3	28,116	28,292	29,618	176
57078	Indianapolis-Anderson-Columbus, IN (Economic Area)	115,838	119,280	125,816	5.5	33,958	34,729	36,416	90
57079	Jacksonville, FL (Economic Area)	61,678	64,183	67,088	4.5	35,518	36,609	37,991	68
57080	Jackson-Yazoo City, MS (Economic Area)	50,651	52,295	54,372	4.0	30,187	31,107	32,311	158
57081	Johnson City-Kingsport-Bristol (Tri-Cities), TN-VA (Economic Area)	26,032	26,996	28,346	5.0	29,661	30,720	32,258	159
57082	Jonesboro, AR (Economic Area)	8,904	9,243	9,764	5.6	28,684	29,685	31,219	169
57083	Joplin, MO (Economic Area)	11,034	11,267	11,696	3.8	29,637	30,152	31,280	168
57084	Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO-KS (Economic Area)	100,895	103,201	108,015	4.7	38,422	38,974	40,583	42
57085	Kearney, NE (Economic Area)	11,590	11,915	13,364	12.2	35,679	36,485	40,865	39
57086	Kennewick-Richland-Pasco, WA (Economic Area)	18,088	19,082	20,161	5.7	33,051	33,884	35,068	111
57087	Killeen-Temple-Fort Hood, TX (Economic Area)	23,983	24,924	26,418	6.0	34,873	35,334	37,134	84
57088	Knoxville-Sevierville-La Follette, TN (Economic Area)	37,447	39,161	40,952	4.6	31,040	32,280	33,571	138
57089	La Crosse, WI-MN (Economic Area)	8,424	8,856	9,257	4.5	32,883	34,358	35,732	100
57090	Lafayette-Acadiana, LA (Economic Area)	29,448	30,654	32,197	5.0	34,794	36,030	37,701	74
57091	Lake Charles-Jennings, LA (Economic Area)	11,280	11,593	12,265	5.8	33,037	33,503	35,395	105
57092	Las Vegas-Paradise-Pahrump, NV (Economic Area)	79,129	79,196	82,248	3.9	33,262	33,041	34,032	127
57093	Lewiston, ID-WA (Economic Area)	2,935	3,060	3,172	3.6	32,102	33,210	34,210	125
57094	Lexington-Fayette-Frankfort-Richmond, KY (Economic Area)	44,734	45,855	47,893	4.4	29,332	29,919	31,108	172
57095	Lincoln, NE (Economic Area)	14,940	15,213	16,425	8.0	36,645	37,001	39,623	50
57096	Little Rock-North Little Rock-Pine Bluff, AR (Economic Area)	51,375	52,687	55,181	4.7	33,231	33,828	35,280	107
57097	Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA (Economic Area)	756,756	775,953	811,529	4.6	38,438	39,037	40,449	44
57098	Louisville-Elizabethtown-Scottsburg, KY-IN (Economic Area)	55,482	57,724	60,783	5.3	34,924	35,958	37,628	76
57099	Lubbock-Levelland, TX (Economic Area)	13,586	14,926	15,073	1.0	30,884	33,365	33,373	144
57100	Macon-Warner Robins-Fort Valley, GA (Economic Area)	19,723	20,245	21,122	4.3	29,450	30,103	31,321	167
57101	Madison-Baraboo, WI (Economic Area)	43,704	45,372	48,205	6.2	37,195	38,411	40,561	43
57102	Marinette, WI-MI (Economic Area)	9,777	10,128	10,532	4.0	29,210	30,285	31,454	165
57103	Mason City, IA (Economic Area)	5,729	5,945	6,680	12.4	35,843	37,268	42,055	29
57104	McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr, TX (Economic Area)	25,498	27,395	28,643	4.6	20,563	21,547	22,105	179
57105	Memphis, TN-MS-AR (Economic Area)	67,877	70,173	73,261	4.4	33,360	34,322	35,721	101
57106	Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Miami Beach, FL (Economic Area)	250,686	262,303	274,514	4.7	40,265	41,591	42,875	23
57107	Midland-Odessa, TX (Economic Area)	21,164	23,259	25,788	10.9	35,891	39,204	42,865	24
57108	Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI (Economic Area)	92,279	95,064	99,040	4.2	39,493	40,543	42,137	28
57109	Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI (Economic Area)	215,420	224,941	237,064	5.4	40,788	42,347	44,336	20
57110	Minot, ND (Economic Area)	5,467	6,097	7,410	21.5	40,748	44,269	51,814	5
57111	Missoula, MT (Economic Area)	9,432	9,767	10,163	4.1	31,070	32,053	33,208	148
57112	Mobile-Daphne-Fairhope, AL (Economic Area)	22,634	23,934	24,988	4.4	30,474	32,047	33,385	143
57113	Monroe-Bastrop, LA (Economic Area)	10,309	10,454	10,826	3.6	30,571	30,855	31,896	161
57114	Montgomery-Alexander City, AL (Economic Area)	18,001	18,668	19,263	3.2	32,261	33,264	34,235	123
57115	Myrtle Beach-Conway-Georgetown, SC (Economic Area)	31,798	32,703	34,073	4.2	30,390	30,918	31,887	162
57116	Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Columbia, TN (Economic Area)	96,994	102,613	108,269	5.5	34,337	35,917	37,527	77
57117	New Orleans-Metairie-Bogalusa, LA (Economic Area)	62,604	65,651	68,253	4.0	39,153	40,321	41,443	36
57118	New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA (Economic Area)	1,185,642	1,245,864	1,301,968	4.5	51,455	53,746	55,913	1
57119	Oklahoma City-Shawnee, OK (Economic Area)	70,242	74,480	80,075	7.5	34,240	35,808	38,085	67
57120	Omaha-Council Bluffs-Fremont, NE-IA (Economic Area)	42,808	44,357	47,255	6.5	40,661	41,654	44,016	21
57121	Orlando-The Villages, FL (Economic Area)	146,192	153,006	159,796	4.4	32,260	33,476	34,637	117
57122	Paducah, KY-IL (Economic Area)	7,628	7,758	8,180	5.4	31,241	31,679	33,320	146
57123	Panama City-Lynn Haven, FL (Economic Area)	8,863	9,304	9,607	3.3	30,248	31,621	32,616	154
57124	Pendleton-Hermiston, OR (Economic Area)	4,305	4,416	4,671	5.8	29,552	30,058	31,681	164
57125	Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL (Economic Area)	23,725	24,720	26,129	5.7	34,774	36,030	37,732	72
57126	Peoria-Canton, IL (Economic Area)	32,135	32,787	35,098	7.0	36,565	37,285	39,887	47
57127	Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD (Economic Area)	309,493	319,810	333,642	4.3	44,040	45,292	47,120	10
57128	Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ (Economic Area)	161,248	164,346	172,827	5.2	34,146	34,391	35,737	99
57129	Pittsburgh-New Castle, PA (Economic Area)	113,008	117,247	123,758	5.6	39,134	40,573	42,842	26
57130	Portland-Lewiston-South Portland, ME (Economic Area)	37,134	37,829	39,626	4.8	37,182	37,938	39,694	49
57131	Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA (Economic Area)	113,053	116,513	123,288	5.8	36,710	37,443	39,181	59
57132	Pueblo, CO (Economic Area)	7,114	7,363	7,749	5.2	29,289	30,150	31,708	163
57133	Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC (Economic Area)	113,079	116,827	122,910	5.2	35,096	35,699	37,040	86
57134	Rapid City, SD (Economic Area)	7,825	8,426	9,240	9.7	32,837	34,933	37,957	69
57135	Redding, CA (Economic Area)	11,214	11,467	11,900	3.8	31,059	31,689	32,901	151
57136	Reno-Sparks, NV (Economic Area)	26,556	26,966	28,280	4.9	37,594	37,907	39,602	52
57137	Richmond, VA (Economic Area)	64,155	66,119	69,863	5.7	38,747	39,647	41,637	34
57138	Roanoke, VA (Economic Area)	26,304	26,780	28,068	4.8	32,527	32,990	34,543	119
57139	Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY (Economic Area)	55,331	57,774	60,421	4.6	36,111	37,645	39,339	54
57140	Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Truckee, CA-NV (Economic Area)	105,039	107,129	111,716	4.3	38,158	38,586	39,924	46
57141	Salina, KS (Economic Area)	6,999	7,112	8,056	13.3	36,536	36,971	41,875	33
57142	Salt Lake City-Ogden-Clearfield, UT (Economic Area)	81,835	84,419	89,421	5.9	32,195	32,573	34,004	128
57143	San Angelo, TX (Economic Area)	4,757	4,988	5,437	9.0	33,278	34,424	37,285	81
57144	San Antonio, TX (Economic Area)	79,677	84,812	90,363	6.5	33,185	34,580	36,207	94
57145	San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA (Economic Area)	135,021	139,578	146,956	5.3	44,107	44,951	46,800	11
57146	San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA (Economic Area)	469,993	489,213	519,770	6.2	48,395	49,855	52,441	3
57147	Santa Fe-Espanola, NM (Economic Area)	10,216	10,400	10,784	3.7	37,478	37,851	39,082	61
57148	Sarasota-Bradenton-Venice, FL (Economic Area)	78,672	82,919	86,968	4.9	43,156	45,021	46,651	12
57149	Savannah-Hinesville-Fort Stewart, GA (Economic Area)	27,797	28,453	30,059	5.6	33,312	33,791	35,109	109
57150	Scotts Bluff, NE (Economic Area)	3,158	3,210	3,622	12.9	34,592	34,850	39,294	55
57151	Scranton-Wilkes-Barre, PA (Economic Area)	22,255	22,932	23,833	3.9	33,780	34,756	36,143	95
57152	Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia, WA (Economic Area)	210,978	215,603	228,228	5.9	44,943	45,502	47,531	9
57153	Shreveport-Bossier City-Minden, LA (Economic Area)	18,619	19,671	20,668	5.1	33,501	35,076	36,641	88
57154	Sioux City-Vermillion, IA-NE-SD (Economic Area)	13,419	13,934	15,459	10.9	35,636	36,812	40,860	40
57155	Sioux Falls, SD (Economic Area)	19,252	20,157	22,687	12.5	39,627	41,068	45,802	14
57156	South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI (Economic Area)	29,594	30,839	32,414	5.1	31,010	32,334	33,945	131
57157	Spokane, WA (Economic Area)	26,936	27,475	28,739	4.6	32,229	32,643	33,979	129
57158	Springfield, IL (Economic Area)	22,693	23,381	24,501	4.8	35,996	36,995	38,743	63
57159	Springfield, MO (Economic Area)	29,754	30,400	31,884	4.9	29,384	29,753	31,111	171
57160	St. Louis-St. Charles-Farmington, MO-IL (Economic Area)	129,489	132,509	138,500	4.5	38,417	39,185	40,926	38
57161	State College, PA (Economic Area)	24,837	25,678	26,910	4.8	30,693	31,693	33,279	147
57162	Syracuse-Auburn, NY (Economic Area)	67,968	70,915	73,656	3.9	33,451	34,867	36,269	92
57163	Tallahassee, FL (Economic Area)	16,429	17,377	18,000	3.6	30,960	32,546	33,600	136
57164	Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL (Economic Area)	99,057	106,083	110,901	4.5	35,839	38,048	39,261	57
57165	Texarkana, TX-Texarkana, AR (Economic Area)	9,112	9,448	9,832	4.1	28,872	29,805	31,011	173
57166	Toledo-Fremont, OH (Economic Area)	32,582	33,488	35,323	5.5	32,819	33,813	35,710	102
57167	Topeka, KS (Economic Area)	17,314	17,689	19,018	7.5	36,789	36,998	39,607	51
57168	Traverse City, MI (Economic Area)	8,339	8,684	9,108	4.9	29,843	31,072	32,474	156
57169	Tucson, AZ (Economic Area)	38,524	38,966	40,554	4.1	33,421	33,554	34,645	116
57170	Tulsa-Bartlesville, OK (Economic Area)	47,725	50,110	53,562	6.9	35,518	36,944	39,237	58
57171	Tupelo, MS (Economic Area)	14,878	15,393	16,158	5.0	27,219	28,113	29,515	177
57172	Twin Falls, ID (Economic Area)	6,054	6,257	6,757	8.0	32,938	33,589	36,129	96
57173	Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC (Economic Area)	71,286	73,443	77,004	4.8	38,104	39,003	40,791	41
57174	Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV (Economic Area)	472,188	493,297	519,596	5.3	50,681	52,144	54,258	2
57175	Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA (Economic Area)	7,835	8,033	8,874	10.5	34,999	35,758	39,418	53
57176	Wausau-Merrill, WI (Economic Area)	17,512	17,943	18,542	3.3	33,408	34,231	35,417	104
57177	Wenatchee, WA (Economic Area)	8,110	8,357	8,851	5.9	31,674	32,006	33,509	139
57178	Wichita Falls, TX (Economic Area)	6,214	6,469	6,692	3.4	32,934	34,142	35,572	103
57179	Wichita-Winfield, KS (Economic Area)	37,931	38,804	41,080	5.9	35,106	35,687	37,739	71

November 2012

Footnotes

Per capita personal income was computed using Census Bureau midyear population estimates.
Percent change calculated from unrounded data.
The personal income level shown for the United States is derived as the sum of the county estimates. It differs from the estimate of personal income in the national income and product accounts (NIPAs) because of differences in coverage, in the methodologies used to prepare the estimates, and in the timing of the availability of source data.