Forensic Sciences

Forensic science is the use of science to solve criminal cases. It is also called criminalistics or crime scene investigation. Forensic science is actually an umbrella term that indicates the use of applied science in matters of criminal, and sometimes, civil law. It can include the use of many disciplines, such as anthropology, biology, botany, chemistry, computer science, engineering, entomology, genetics, medicine, and toxicology. This guide highlights the diversity of the scientific professions and disciplines used in investigations and provides sources on the general practice of criminalistics. Also included is information on ballistics, firearm examination, and scientific examination of documents.

This guide furnishes a review of the literature in the collections of the Library of Congress used in forensic sciences. Not intended as a comprehensive bibliography, this compilation is designed--as the name of the series implies--to put the reader "on target."

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Forensic science. In Gale encyclopedia of science. Edited by K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. 4th ed. v. 3. Detroit, Thomson Gale, c2008. p. 1785-1791.
   Q121.G37 2008 <SciRR>

Nordby, Jon J. Here we stand: what a forensic scientist does. In Forensic science: an introduction to scientific and investigative techniques. Edited by Stuart H. James and Jon J. Nordby. 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, c2009. p. 1-10.
   HV8073.F5835 2009 <SciRR>

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SUBJECT HEADINGS used by the Library of Congress, under which books on the general practice of forensic science, specific forensic science disciplines, and crime scene investigation may be located in Library catalogs, include the following:

Highly Relevant

CRIME SCENE SEARCHES
FORENSIC SCIENCES

Relevant

BLOODSTAINS
BODY FLUIDS--ANALYSIS
BULLETS-- IDENTIFICATION
CHEMISTRY, FORENSIC
COMPUTER CRIMES--INVESTIGATION
CRIME LABORATORIES
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
DENTAL JURISPRUDENCE
DNA FINGERPRINTING
ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS
FINGERPRINTS--IDENTIFICATION
FIREARMS-- IDENTIFICATION
FOOTPRINTS--IDENTIFICATION
FOOTWEAR--IDENTIFICATION
FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY
FORENSIC BALLISTICS
FORENSIC BOTANY
FORENSIC ENGINEERING
FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY
FORENSIC GENETICS
FORENSIC GEOLOGY
FORENSIC HEMATOLOGY
FORENSIC MEDICINE
FORENSIC PATHOLOGY
FORENSIC PHARMACOLOGY
FORENSIC PHONETICS
FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY
UNDERWATER CRIME INVESTIGATION
WRITING--IDENTIFICATION

Related

COMPUTER SECURITY
CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
EVIDENCE, CRIMINAL
EVIDENCE, EXPERT
EVIDENCE (LAW)
LEGAL PHOTOGRAPHY

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Becker, Ronald F. Criminal investigation. 3rd ed. Sudbury, MA, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, c2009. 581 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV8073.B374 2009 <SciRR>

Criminal investigation. Charles Swanson and others. 10th ed. New York, McGraw-Hill, c2009. 767 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV8073.S84 2009

Fisher, Barry A. J., William J. Tilstone, and Catherine Woytowicz. Introduction to criminalistics: the foundation of forensic science. Burlington, MA, Elsevier Academic Press, c2009. 321 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV8073.F488 2009

Forensic science: an introduction to scientific and investigative techniques. Edited by Stuart H. James and Jon J. Nordby. 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, c2009. 757 p.
   Bibliography: p. 685-689.
   HV8073.F5835 2009 <SciRR>

Lee, Henry C., and Howard A. Harris. Physical evidence in forensic science. 2nd ed. Tucson, Lawyers & Judges Pub. Co., c2006. 327 p.
   HV8073.L39 2006 <SciRR>

Saferstein, Richard. Forensic science: from the crime scene to the crime lab. Upper Saddle River, NJ, Pearson Prentice Hall, c2009. 678 p.
   Includes bibliographical references
   HV8073.S214 2009 <SciRR>

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Specialized Titles include books that focus on a specific branch of science to solve criminal cases.

Bevel, Tom, and Ross M. Gardner. Bloodstain pattern analysis with an introduction to crime scene reconstruction. 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL, Taylor & Francis, 2008. 402 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV8077.5.B56B48 2008 <SciRR>

Butler, John M. Fundamentals of forensic DNA typing. Amsterdam, Boston, Academic Press/Elsevier, c2010. 500 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   RA1057.55.B883 2010 <SciRR>

Byers, Steven N. Introduction to forensic anthropology. 3rd ed. Boston, Pearson/Allyn and Bacon, c2008. 478 p.
   Bibliography: p. 453-463.
   GN69.8.B94 2008 <SciRR>

Drielak, Steven C. Hot zone forensics: chemical, biological, and radiological evidence collection. Springfield, IL, Charles C. Thomas, c2004. 420 p.
   Bibliography: p. 381-402.
   HV8073.5.D75 2004 <SciRR>

Forensic engineering. Edited by Kenneth L. Carper. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, c2001. 401 p. T
   Includes bibliographical references.
   A219.F66 2001 <SciRR>

Forensic entomology: the utility of arthropods in legal investigations. Edited by Jason H. Byrd and James L. Castner. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL, Taylor & Francis, 2009. 681 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   RA1063.45.F67 2009 <SciRR>

Forensic structural engineering handbook. Robert T. Ratay, editor-in-chief. 2nd ed. New York, McGraw-Hill, c2010. 1 v. (various pagings)
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TA219.F685 2010 <SciRR>

Goodwin, William, Adrian Linacre, and Sibte Hadi. An introduction to forensic genetics. Chichester, England, Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, c2007. 151 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   RA1057.5.G67 2007

Handbook of forensic drug analysis. Edited by Frederick P. Smith; with contributions by Sotiris A. Athanaselis and others. Amsterdam, Boston, Elsevier Academic Press, c2005. 562 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   RA1160.H36 2005 <SciRR>

Handbook of research on computational forensics, digital crime, and investigation: methods and solutions. Edited by Chang-Tsun Li. Hershey, PA, Information Science Reference, c2010. 595 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV6773.H374 2010

Hawthorne, Mark R. Fingerprints: analysis and understanding. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, c2009. 127 p.
   Bibliography: p. 119.
   HV6074.H29 2009

Heard, Brian J. Handbook of firearms and ballistics: examining and interpreting forensic evidence. Oxford, Hoboken, NJ, Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. 402 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV8077.H43 2008

Medical-legal aspects of drugs. Compiled and edited by Marcelline Burns; contributors Donald J. Bartell and others. 2nd ed. Tucson, Lawyers & Judges Pub. Co., c2007. 245 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   RA1160.M43 2007 <SciRR>

Scientific examination of questioned documents. Edited by Jan Seaman Kelly and Brian S. Lindblom. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL, CRC/Taylor and Francis, 2006. 441 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV8074.S356 2006 <SciRR>

Trestrail, John Harris. Criminal poisoning: investigational guide for law enforcement, toxicologists, forensic scientists, and attorneys. 2nd ed. Totowa, NJ, Humana Press, c2007. 181 p.
   Bibliography: p. 127-167.
   RA1228.T74 2007 <SciRR>

Wallace, James Smyth. Chemical analysis of firearms, ammunition, and gunshot residue. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, c2008. 291 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV8073.W334 2008 <SciRR>

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Careers in Forensic Science

Camenson, Blythe. Opportunities in forensic science careers. Rev. ed. New York, McGraw-Hill c2009. 171 p.
   Bibliography: p. 167-171.
   HV8073.C316 2009 <SciRR>

Dillon, Hall. Forensic scientists: a career in the crime lab. Occupational outlook quarterly, v. 43, fall 1999: 2-7.
   HF5382.5.U5O3
   URL: http://www.bls.gov/opub/ooq/1999/Fall/art01.pdf (178 KB)
(The freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader is required to view and print this resource.)

Echaore-McDavid, Susan, and Richard A. McDavid. Career opportunities in forensic science. New York, Ferguson, c2008. 318 p.
   Bibliography: p. 306-309.
   HV8073.E34 2008

Education and training in forensic science: a guide for forensic science laboratories, educational institutions, and students. Washington, U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, June 2004. 45 p.
   URL: http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/203099.pdf (PDF 682 KB)
(The freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader is required to view and print this resource.)

Harmon, Daniel E. Careers in explosives and arson investigation. New York, Rosen Central, 2008. 64 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV8079.A7H37 2008

Holden, Henry M. To be a crime scene investigator. St. Paul, MN, Zenith Press, 2006. 144 p.
   HV8073.H598 2006

History of Forensic Sciences

Cole, Simon A. Suspect identities: a history of fingerprinting and criminal identification. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 2001. 369 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV6074.C557 2001

Evans, Colin. Murder two: the second casebook of forensic detection. Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, c2004. 312 p.
   HV8079.H6E93 2004

Field, Kenneth S. History of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, 1948-1998. West Conshohocken, PA, ASTM, c1998. 358 p.
   HV8073.F44 1998

More chemistry and crime: from marsh arsenic test to DNA profile. Edited by Samuel Gerber and Richard Saferstein. Washington, American Chemical Society, c1997. 204 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV8073.M763 1997 Overflow

Song, Ci. The Hsi yuan lu, or, Instructions to coroners. Translated by Herbert A. Giles. The washing away of wrongs: forensic medicine in Thirteenth-Century China. Translated by Brian E. McKnight. Taipei, Republic of China, Southern Materials Center, 1982. 181 p. (Chinese medicine series, 9; Science, medicine, and technology in East Asia, v. 1)
   Bibliography: p. 163-171.
   RA1063.4.S9313 1982

Young Readers--Experiments

Forensic science experiments on file. The Diagram Group. New York, Facts on File, c2004. 1 v. (various pagings).
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV8073.F584 2004 <SciRR>

Gardner, Robert. Forensic science projects with a crime lab you can build. Berkeley Heights, NJ, Enslow, c2008. 128 p.
   Bibliography: p. 124-126.
   HV8073.8.G37 2008

Gardner, Robert. Whose fingerprints are these? Crime solving science projects. Berkeley Heights, NJ, Enslow, c2011. 48 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV6074.G37 2011

Rainis, Kenneth G. Crime-solving science projects: forensic science experiments. Berkeley Heights, NJ, Enslow, c2000. 128 p.
   Bibliography: p. 125.
   HV8073.8.R35 2000

Walker, Pam, and Elaine Wood. Forensic science experiments. New York, Facts on File, c2010. 150 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV8073.W332 2010 <SciRR>

Wiese, Jim. Detective science: 40 crime-solving, case-breaking, crook-catching activities for kids. New York, John Wiley, c1996. 118 p.
   HV8073.8.W54 1996 Overflow

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Bell, Suzanne. Encyclopedia of forensic science. New York, Facts on File, c2004. 350 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV8073.B425 2004 <SciRR>

Bell, Suzanne. The Facts on File dictionary of forensic science. New York, Facts on File, c2004. 278 p.
   Bibliography: p. 264-268.
   HV8073.B426 2004 <SciRR Dict>

Brenner, John C. Forensic science: an illustrated dictionary. Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, c2004. 286 p.
   Bibliography: p. 285-286.
   HV8073.B677 2004 <SciRR Dict>

Conklin, Barbara Gardner, Robert Gardner, and Dennis Shortelle. Encyclopedia of forensic science: a compendium of detective fact and fiction. Westport, CT, Oryx Press, 2002. 329 p.
   Bibliography: p. 307-316.
   HV8073.C595 2002 <MRR>

The Forensic laboratory handbook: procedures and practice. Edited by Ashraf Mozayani and Carla Noziglia. Totowa, NJ, Humana Press, c2006. 300 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV8073.F577 2006 <SciRR>

Forensic science. Edited by Ayn Embar-Seddon and Allan D. Pass. Pasadena, CA, Salem Press, c2009. 3 v. (1096 p.)
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV8073.F5837 2009 <SciRR>

Handbook of digital and multimedia forensic evidence. Edited by John J. Barbara. Totowa, NJ, Humana, c2008.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV6773.H37 2008 <SciRR>

Newton, Michael. The encyclopedia of crime scene investigation. New York, Facts on File, c2008. 334 p.
   Bibliography: p. 309-318.
   HV8073.N49 2008 <SciRR>

Newton, Michael. The encyclopedia of high-tech crime and crime fighting. New York, Checkmark Books, c2004. 377 p.
   Bibliography: p. 363-366.
   HV6773.N48 2004 <SciRR>

Palmer, Louis J. Encyclopedia of DNA and the United States criminal justice system. Jefferson, NC, McFarland & Co., c2004. 464 p.
   Bibliography: p. 453-456.
   RA1057.55.P34 2004 <SciRR>

United States. Department of Justice. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Laboratory Division. Handbook of forensic services. Edited by Kim Waggoner. Quantico, VA, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2007. 197 p.
   URL: http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/lab/handbook-of-forensic-services-pdf (PDF 2.64 MB)
(The freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader is required to view and print this resource.)

World of forensic science. Edited by K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. Detroit, Thomson/Gale, c2006. 2 v. (812 p.)
   Includes bibliographical references
   HV8073.W674 2006 <SciRR>

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Forensic Engineering Congress (5th, 2009, Washington, DC). Forensic engineering 2009: pathology of the built environment: proceedings of the Fifth Congress on Forensic Engineering, November 11-14, 2009, Washington D.C. Edited by Shen-en Chen and others. Reston, VA, American Society of Civil Engineers, c2010. 823 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   TA656.F664 2009

Forensic geoscience: principles, techniques, and applications. Edited by K. Pye and D. J. Croft. London, Geological Society; Tusla, OK, AAPG Bookstore, distributer, 2004. 318 p. (Geological Society special publication, no. 232)
   Includes bibliographical references.
   Papers from a conference held at the Geological Society of London in March, 2003.
   QE38.5.F67 2004

International Workshop on Systematic Approaches to Digital Forensic Engineering (3rd, 2008, Berkeley, Calif.). SADFE 2008: Third International Workshop on Systematic Approaches to Digital Forensic Engineering: proceedings: 22 May 2008, Berkeley, California, USA. Los Alamitos, CA, IEEE Computer Society, c2008. 157 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   HV8079.C65I58 2008

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Government Publications can be identified and located by going to individual agency Web sites listed in the “Additional Information” section under U.S. Government and Military or by searching the Catalog of Government Publications. Government technical report access is described in the section “Technical Reports.” Selected government publications are listed as samples of the types of materials available.

Convicted by juries, exonerated by science: case studies in the use of DNA evidence to establish innocence after trial. Edward F. Connors and others. Washington, U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 1996. 85 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   RA1057.55.C66 1996
   URL: http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS53435

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Government Efficiency, Financial Management and Intergovernmental Relations. How effectively are state and federal agencies working together to implement the use of new DNA technologies? Hearing before the Subcommittee on Government Efficiency, Financial Management and Intergovernmental Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session, June 12, 2001. Washington, U.S. G.P.O, 2002. 136 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   KF27.G6627 2001d <Law>
   URL: http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps19926/78050.pdf (PDF2.62 MG)
(The freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader is required to view and print this resource.)

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Technology and Innovation. Strengthening forensic science in the United States: the role of the National Institute of Standards and Technology: hearing before the Subcommittee on Technology and Innovation, Committee on Science and Technology, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, March 10, 2009. Washington, U.S. G.P.O, 2009. 129 p.
   Includes bibliographical references.
   KF27.S39956 2009a <Law>

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TECHNICAL REPORTS are indexed and archived by several government clearinghouses and many are available online in full-text at no cost. For many reports in the LC Technical Reports Collection the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) index provides access. For more information ask a reference librarian for assistance, or contact the Technical Reports Section.

Cruz, A. M. Crime scene intelligence: an experiment in forensic entomology. Washington, Center for Strategic Intelligence Research, National Defense Intelligence College, Nov. 2006. 81 p.
   ADA476638
   URL: http://www.ndic.edu/press/1681.htm

Ropero-Miller, J. D., and P. R. Stout. Research and development in forensic toxicology development and production of reference materials for control and calibration of hair drug testing: final report. Washington, National Criminal Justice Reference Service, Oct. 2008. 80 p. (NCJ224523)
   PB2009103359
   URL: http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/224523.pdf (PDF 1.98 MG)
(The freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader is required to view and print this resource.)

Vorburger, T. V., and others. Surface topography analysis for a feasibility assessment of a national ballistics imaging database. Gaitherburg, MD, National Institute of Standards and Technology; Rockville, MD, Intelligent Automation, Inc., May 2007. 173 p. (NISTIR7362)
   PB2007112713
   URL: http://www.nist.gov/manuscript-publication-search.cfm?pub_id=822733

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Dissertations describe research results that have been completed, or report research in progress. Abstracting and indexing services are useful in locating dissertations, and a few selected titles are listed below

Dillon, Duayne Joseph. A history of criminalistics in the United States, 1850-1950. Ann Arbor, MI, University Microfilms, 1977.
   UMI Publication number AAT7731243
   Collation of the original: 225 p.
   Thesis (doctoral) -- University of California, Berkeley

Huntington, Timothy Eugene. Ecological and physiological limitations of carrion fly colonization of cadavers in terrestrial ecosystems. Ann Arbor, MI, University Microfilms, 2008.
   UMI Publication number AAT3315321
   Collation of the original: 70 p.
   Thesis (doctoral) -- University of Nebraska, Lincoln.

Shah, Jayna J. Microfluidic devices for forensic DNA analysis. Ann Arbor, MI, University Microfilms, 2008.    UMI Publication number AAT3285769
   Collation of the original: 176 p.
   Thesis (doctoral) -- George Mason University.

Wang, Weihong. Digital video forensics. Ann Arbor, MI, University of Microfilms, 2009.
   UMI Publication number AAT 3356287
   Collation of the original: 112 p.
   Thesis (doctoral) -- Dartmouth College.

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Cavagnaro, D. M. Forensic science (a bibliography with abstracts). Springfield, VA, National Technical Information Service, May 1979. 155 p.
    NTISPS790378 <TRS>

Hochrein, Michael J. A bibliography related to crime scene interpretation with emphases in geotaphonomic and forensic archaeological field techniques. 11th ed. Washington, United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI Print Shop, 2004. 624 p.
   URL: http://archlab.uindy.edu/documents/Hochrein2004.pdf (PDF 6.20 MB)
(The freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader is required to view and print this resource.)

Holt, Cynthia. Guide to information sources in the forensic sciences. Westport, CT, Libraries Unlimited, 2006. 190 p.
   Z7503.4.C728H65 2006 <SciRR>

Nemec, Jaroslav. International bibliography of the history of legal medicine. Bethesda, MD, National Library of Medicine, 1974. 224 p. (DHEW publication, no. NIH 73-535)
   Z6672.J9N42

University of California, Berkeley. Institute of Governmental Studies. Bibliography of crime and criminal justice, 1927-1931. Compiled by Dorothy Campbell Culver. New York, The H. W. Wilson Company, 1934. 413 p.
   Z5118.C9C15

University of California, Berkeley. Institute of Governmental Studies. Bibliography of crime and criminal justice, 1932-1937. Compiled by Dorothy Campbell Culver. New York, The H. W. Wilson Company, 1939. 391 p.
   Z5118.C9C15 1939

Walkory, Hermann I. Science and medicine of autopsy: subject analysis and research index with bibliography. Washington, Abbe Publishers Association, 1985. 148 p.
   Z6664.75.W34 1985

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Abstracting and indexing that index relevant journal articles and other literature are listed below. Some suggested terms for searching are “criminal scene investigation,” “crime laboratories,” “forensic science” or other headings, depending upon the topic of interest. Many of the titles may now be available in electronic format. Consult a reference librarian for the location and format of abstracting and indexing services

Abstracts on Criminology and Penology (1969-1979)
   HV6001.E9 <MRR>

Applied Science & Technology Index (1913- )
   Z7913.I7 <SciRR A&I> & Electronic format

Chemical Abstracts (1907-2009)
   QD1.A51 <SciRR A&I>

Comprehensive Index to the Journal of Forensic Sciences (1972-1986)
   RA1001.A57 Suppl.

The Criminal Justice Periodical Index (1975-1984)
   Z5118.C9C74 <MRR>

Criminology & Penology Abstracts (1980-1991)
   HV6001.E9 <MRR>

Criminology, Penology, and Police Science Abstracts (1992-1997)
   HV6001.C74 Alc <MRR>

Engineering Index (1884-)
   Z5851.E62 <SciRR A&I> and Electronic Format

General Science Index (1978- )
   Z7401.G46 and Electronic format

HeinOnline Criminal Justice Journals
   Electronic Format

Index of AFTE Journals and Newsletters from May 1969 through Fall 2005
   Electronic Format
   URL: http://www.afte.org/ExamResources/journalindex.htm

Index to Legal Periodicals (1908-)
   K33.I534 <Law> and Electronic Format

Medline
   Electronic Format
   URL: http://www.pubmed.gov

National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts
   Electronic Format
   URL: http://www.ncjrs.gov/App/AbstractDB/AbstractDBSearch.aspx

National Technical Information Service
   Electronic Format
   URL: http://www.ntis.gov

QDE Index: a Guide to Periodical Literature in English on Document Examination, Handwriting Expertise, and Expert Testimony
   HV8074.M368 2003

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Brown, A. G., and others. Revisiting the thermal development of latent fingerprints on porous surfaces: new aspects and refinements. Journal of forensic sciences, v. 54, Jan. 2009: 114-121.
   RA1001.A57

Budowle, B., and A. van Daal. Extracting evidence from forensic DNA analyses: future molecular biology directions. BioTechniques, v. 46, Apr. 2009: 339-340, 342-350.
   QH324.B496
   Also available online: http://www.biotechniques.com/

Christensen, Ang, and Christian Crowder. Evidentiary standards for forensic anthropology. Journal of forensic sciences, v. 6, Nov. 2009: 1211-1216.
   RA1001.A57

Hall, Martin, and Sarah Donovan. Forensic entomology: What can maggots tell us about murders? Biologist, v. 48, Dec. 2001: 249-253.
   QH1.I43

Irons, A. D., P. Stephens, and R. I. Ferguson. Digital investigation as a distinct discipline: a pedagogic perspective. Digital investigation, v. 6, Sept. 2009: 82-90.
   HV8073.D484

Karger, B., and others. Bloodstain pattern analysis - casework experience. Forensic science international, v. 181, Oct. 2008: 15-20.
   RA1001.F65

Morgan, Ruth M., and Peter A. Bull. The philosophy, nature, and practice of forensic sediment analysis. Progress in physical geography, v.31, Feb. 2007: 43-58.
   G1.P686

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Selected materials such as pamphlets, newspaper clippings, short articles, and similar miscellany are available in the Science Reading Room pamphlet box for this Tracer Bullet. Example citations are below. Consult a reference librarian for the shelf locations.

Bohaty, Rochelle F. H. Investigative science. Chemical and engineering news, v. 87, May 4, 2009: 37-39.

Brettell, T. A. Forensic science. Analytical chemistry, v. 81, June 15, 2009: 4695-4711.

Budowie, B., and others. Forensics and mitochondrial DNA: applications, debates, and foundations. Annual review of genomics and human genetics, v. 4, 2003: 119-141.

Casey, Eoghan, Monique Ferraro, and Nguyen Lam. Investigation delayed is justice denied: proposals for expediting forensic examinations of digital evidence. Journal of forensic sciences, v. 54, Nov. 2009: 1353-1364.

Lane, Meredith, and others. Forensic botany. BioScience, v. 40, Jan. 1990: 34-39.

Morris, Keith B., and Rebecca Fitzsimmons. Error rates in forensic science. Journal of forensic identification, v. 58, Mar./Apr. 2008: 157-171.

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Associations: Many associations do not have a set headquarters, therefore the association files may move from institution to institution with changes in the association’s officers. If contact information is not listed below, see the associations’s Web site for the most up to date contact information.

American Academy of Forensic Science (AAFS)
410 North 21st Street
Colorado Springs, CO 80904
Telephone: 719-636-1100
Fax: 719-636-1993
URL: http://www.aafs.org
   The AAFS is a multi-disciplinary professional organization that provides leadership to advance science and its application to the legal system. The objectives of the Academy are to promote education, foster research, improve practice, and encourage collaboration in the forensic sciences.

American Board of Criminalistics (ABC)
P.O. Box 1123
Wausau, WI 54402-1123
Telephone: 715-845-3684
Fax: 715-845-4156
Email: abcreg@dwave.net
URL: http://www.criminalistics.com
   The ABC is composed of regional and national organizations which represent forensic scientists.

American Board of Forensic Anthropologists (ABFA)
URL: http://www.theabfa.org
   The ABFA provides a program of certification in forensic anthropology.

American Board of Forensic Entomology (ABFE)
URL: http://www.forensicentomologist.org
   The ABFE is the certification body that assigns a Diplomate certification to a scientist who already has achieved a high level of expertise in entomology or criminal sciences.

Association of Firearm and Tool Mark Examiners (AFTE)
URL: http://www.afte.org
   AFTE is an international organization dedicated to the advancement of firearm and toolmark identification.

Society of Forensic Toxicologists, Inc. (SOFT)
One MacDonald Center
1 N. MacDonald Street, Suite 15
Mesa, AZ 85021
Telephone: 888-866-7638
Email: office@soft-tox.org
URL: http://www.soft-tox.org
   SOFT is an organization composed of practicing forensic toxicologists and those interested in the discipline for the purpose of promoting and developing forensic toxicology.

U.S. Government and Military

Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI)
AFOSI Public Affairs
1535 Command Drive, Suite C-309
Andrews AFB, MD 20762
Email: afosi.pa@ogn.af.mil
URL: http://www.osi.andrews.af.mil/
   AFOSI investigates a wide variety of serious offenses - espionage, terrorism, crimes against property, violence against people, larceny, computer hacking, acquisition fraud, drug use and distribution, financial misdeeds, military desertion, corruption of the contracting process, and any other illegal activity that undermines the mission of the U.S. Air Force or the Department of Defense.

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Laboratory Services
FBI Headquarters
J. Edgar Hoover Building
935 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20535-0001
URL: http://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/labhome.htm
   The FBI Laboratory provides forensic and technical services to FBI and other duly constituted law enforcement agencies to support investigative and intelligence priorities. Laboratory activities include crime scene searches, special surveillance photography, latent-fingerprint examination, forensic examinations of evidence (ranging from blood and other biological materials to explosives, drugs, and firearms), court testimony, and other scientific and technical services.

National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
Office of Investigative and Forensic Sciences
810 Seventh Street, NW
Washington, DC 20531
Telephone: 202-307-2942
URL: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/topics/forensics/welcome.htm
   NIJ is the research, development and evaluation agency of the U.S. Department of Justice and is dedicated to researching crime control and justice. The Office of Investigative and Forensic Sciences improves the quality and practice of forensic science through innovative solutions that support research and development, testing and evaluation, technology, information exchange, and the development of training resources for the criminal justice community.

National Institute of Standards and Technology
Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES)
100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8012
Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8012
Telephone: 301-975-2757
Email: oles@nist.gov
URL: http://www.eeel.nist.gov/oles/forensics.html
   OLES helps criminal justice, public safety, emergency responder, and homeland security agencies make informed procurement, deployment, applications, operating, and training decisions, primarily by developing performance standards, measurement tools, operating procedures and equipment guidelines. OLES is part of the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory (EEEL).

Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS)
716 Sicard Street, SE
Washington, DC 20388
URL: http://www.ncis.navy.mil
   NCIS is the primary law enforcement and counterintelligence arm of the United States Department of the Navy.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service Forensic Laboratory
1490 East Main Street
Ashland, OR 97520-1310
Telephone: 541-482-4191
Fax: 541-482-4989
URL: http://www.lab.fws.gov
   The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services is the only lab in the world dedicated to crimes against wildlife.

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The Internet offers a number of sites useful for finding information on various aspects of crime scene investigation and forensic science techniques. Several of the organizations listed above provide links to related sites from their web sites. You might also wish to try the sites described below.

Bureau of Justice Statistics: Forensic Science
   URL: http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov
   Statistics collected from the Bureau of Justice related to forensic sciences such as census of crime laboratories, medical examiners and coroner’s offices, and DNA forensics.

Crime Scene Investigation
   URL: http://www.crime-scene-investigator.net/
   This site provides links to information on becoming a Crime Scene Investigator, evidence collection, forensic science in the news, and articles.

Crime Spider
   URL: http://www.crimespider.com
   A directory of crime and law enforcement related links

Federal Bureau of Investigation Reports and Publications
   URL: http://www.fbi.gov/publications.htm
   A list of publications, reports, and statistics on a variety of topics such as law enforcement services, crime, and terrorism.

Forensic Entomology
   URL: http://www.forensic-entomology.com
   This Web site provides an introduction to forensic entomology, along with life cycles of beetles and blowflies, books, literature, and links related to forensic entomology.

Forensic Evidence Master List
   URL: http://www.forensic-evidence.com/site/MasterIndex.html
   An information center in forensic science, law and public policy for lawyers, forensic scientists, educators, and public officials. This Web site hosts the Forensic Science Newsletter.

Forensic Files
   URL: http://www.trutv.com/shows/forensic_files/index.html
   Web site for the TV show Forensic Files that provides a forensic science 101 education component, forensic challenges, and forensic trivia.

Forensics Wiki
   URL: http://www.forensicswiki.org/wiki/Main_Page
   A wiki devoted to digital forensics (also known as computer forensics). This Wiki has pages about the tools and techniques used by investigators, as well as papers, people, and organizations involved in computer forensics.

National Center for Forensic Science (NCFS)
   URL: http://ncfs.ucf.edu/home.html
   A program of the National Institute of Justice hosted by the University of Central Florida. The NCFS provides research, education, training, tools, and technology to meet the current and future needs of the forensic science community, investigative, and criminal justice communities.

National Clearinghouse for Science, Technology, and the Law (NCSTL)
   URL: http://www.ncstl.org
   The NCSTL assembles the scientific, technological, and relevant legal resources into a “one-stop” searchable database.

National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS): Forensic Science
   URL: http://www.ncjrs.gov/spotlight/forensic/Summary.html
   NCJRS provides links to facts & figures, legislation, publications, programs, training and technical assistance, grants and funding, and related resources.

National Forensic Science Technology Center (NFSTC)
   URL: http://www.nfstc.org
   The NFSTC provides training, assessment, research, and technology assistance to the justice and forensic communities. Information on programs, DNA/GPA program, DNA training, forensic training, and forensic technology is provided.

National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center: Justice Technology Information Network (NLECTC)
   URL: http://www.justnet.org/Pages/home.aspx
   The NLECTC plays a critical role in enabling the Office of Science and Technology to carry out its critical mission to assist state, local, tribal, and federal law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice agencies in addressing their technology needs and challenges. Has links to JUSTNET news, publications, TechBeat, and AskNLECTC.

Visible Proofs: Forensic Views of the Body
   URL: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/visibleproofs/
   From the National Library of Medicine a complementary Web site to its exhibition Visible Proofs, the history of forensic medicine. Site includes information about the Exhibition, galleries, education, and resources.

Zeno’s Forensic Site
   URL: http://forensic.to
   This site provides information on forensic science, forensic psychiatry, and other aspects of forensic evidence.