We're supposed to be pedaling our way to 40 mpg in the 2012 Mazda 3. But we've just turned onto Big Tujunga Canyon, a great road that feeds into the famed Angeles Crest Highway, and it's empty. We floor the throttle without remorse.
Fun driving ruins fuel economy. That's the ugly truth car guys confront every day.
As tougher fuel-efficiency standards loom, Mazda is dealing with it, too. The current-generation Mazda 3 can attack a corner like no other economy car, but it has always had a comparatively big thirst for fuel. The most efficient 2011 Mazda 3 was rated just at 25 city/33 highway mpg.
For 2012, the automaker has added a third engine to the Mazda 3 family — a direct-injected, 2.0-liter inline four-cylinder called Skyactiv-G — and it brings a pair of all-new transmissions with it. Fuel mileage climbs as high as 28 city/40 highway. And when we glance at the average mpg meter after our run through the canyon, it's still not that scary.
Half the Sky
A Mazda official tells us that Skyactiv is a marketing guy's translation of Nobi nobi, which means something like the "sky's the limit" in Japanese. That might not be entirely true, but it's a good story and it gets to the heart of what the Skyactiv technologies are about: They're everything.
Last month, we drove a prototype of the Mazda CX-5 crossover, which will be the first top-to-bottom Skyactiv vehicle, incorporating an all-new lightweight body and chassis along with the new drivetrains. The idea is to build lighter, more efficient cars that get better mpg, yet are still fun to drive — exactly what you'd hope the enabler of Zoom Zoom would be doing.
The Mazda 3 is still a few years away from a full redesign, so the automaker has swapped in only the Skyactiv drivetrains for this 2012 refresh, which also incorporates minor changes to the suspension and unit-body that provide a slight increase in rigidity, along with subtle cosmetic changes.
Rated for 155 horsepower at 6,000 rpm and 148 pound-feet of torque at 4,100 rpm, the new 2.0-liter engine is standard on the i Touring model, which is now available as a sedan or hatchback, and on the new i Grand Touring model.
Mazda is still offering its older, port-injected, 148-hp 2.0-liter MZR engine as a less expensive alternative on base i and i Sport models, while the 167-hp 2.5-liter MZR engine remains on s models for those of you seeking more torque (it's rated for 166 lb-ft at 4,000 rpm). The 263-hp Mazdaspeed 3 carries over unchanged.
Sweated Details
High compression is the key to the Skyactiv-G engine's combination of usable performance and excellent fuel economy. Until now, we'd only sampled European-spec versions of this engine running at 14:1 compression. For the 2012 Mazda 3, the engineers have lowered the compression ratio to 12:1 to accommodate our 87 octane fuel and the 3's more conventional exhaust manifold, which isn't quite as adept as the CX-5's 4-2-1 exhaust manifold at evacuating hot exhaust gases (and thereby preventing detonation).
"The 4-2-1 exhaust manifold is big," Kenichiro Saruwatari, chief engineer for the Mazda 3, told us, "so we cannot package it in the current Mazda 3 chassis — it would touch the dashboard."
Even 12:1 compression would be inconceivable without direct injection cooling the intake charge. A modernized injection system on the Skyactiv-G engine squirts fuel into the combustion chambers at higher pressure than on the automaker's only other D.I. engine — the 2.3-liter turbo on the Mazdaspeed 3.
The fuel mileage is for real with the new drivetrains, and they don't put a damper on the fun.
You'll also note that the new engine is undersquare, with an 83.5mm cylinder-bore diameter and a 91.2mm stroke, compared to the oversquare 2.0-liter MZR engine (87.5mm bore diameter, 83.1mm stroke). Undersquare engines have more compact combustion chambers and suffer less heat loss — Subaru has taken a similar approach on the 2012 Impreza.
Mazda also looked for every way possible to reduce friction on the Skyactiv-G engine. An electronically controlled oil pump is better matched to the engine's lubrication needs, while a new water pump and redesigned fins in the radiator provide more efficient and consistent cooling. The pistons, connecting rods and crankshaft are all forged steel, and the engine has a roller-rocker valvetrain. The engine's variable intake valve timing plays a role in keeping the cylinder contents cool and helps reduce pumping losses in low-load situations.
A Manual for People Who Like Manuals
When we get into our 2012 Mazda 3 i Touring Sedan, we're assured it really is running on 87 octane. Our car has the new six-speed manual, which is Mazda's first totally new manual gearbox since the 1980s.
"Most of the effort went into making the driving experience better," Dave Coleman, Mazda's head of sports car engineering for North America, told us. "Anyone who buys a manual transmission in a Mazda is doing it because they like driving."
To that end, Mazda shortened up the shift throws (now 45mm versus 50mm on the old six-speed) while reducing effort levels. Roller bearings take the place of bronze bushings on the shift rod. There's a nice, positive feel as you slot into each gate, and the clutch take-up is much friendlier than on our long-term Mazdaspeed 3.
With 12:1 compression, the engine has less low-end grunt than we remember from the CX-5 prototypes, but once we reach 3,000 rpm, there's ample torque and it's smooth all the way to the 6,500-rpm redline. It turns out to be plenty of power for the run up Big Tujunga, and we rip off more than a few heel-and-toe downshifts.
Acceleration is just as acceptable on the freeway, and 6th gear isn't so tall that you're constantly downshifting. Fuel mileage is slightly lower with the manual (27/39 on the sedan, 27/38 on the five-door), but not low enough to deter us.
But the Automatic Is Good, Too
If you want an automatic, though, you're not losing out on much performance.
The new six-speed automatic is locked up 88 percent of the time compared with 64 percent on the old five-speed automatic, a change that not only improves responsiveness but also contributes to a 7 percent improvement in fuel economy. The torque converter is only active below 5 mph, so it can be smaller, while the multiplate lockup clutch is much bigger — as is the torsional damper.
Another change is the adoption of a mechatronic module that combines the transmission's electronic and hydraulic controls in a single unit that Mazda calibrates to compensate for minor variations that occur on the production line. The result is a transmission that can rev-match a downshift and still give you a smooth upshift.
That's exactly what we get during an afternoon commute in an automatic 2012 Mazda 3. Downshifts are quick with this transmission, so quick that it's hard to imagine anyone paying more for an automatic-equipped s model with the 2.5-liter engine. Indeed, you'd have a quicker Mazda 3, but it wouldn't shift nearly as well. The automatic has a manual mode (push the shifter forward to downshift, pull back to upshift) but no shift paddles.
Mazda conservatively estimates that an automatic-equipped Mazda 3 with the Skyactiv-G engine will hit 60 mph in 9.6 seconds — significantly quicker than an automatic-equipped car with the 2.0-liter MZR engine (10.3 seconds). A manual-equipped Skyactiv-G car should be even quicker.
It's a Complete Package
Although the drivetrains are the main story on the 2012 Mazda 3, driving this car on back roads reminds us why it remains a favorite of ours in the compact car class.
Even the i Touring trim, with workaday P205/55R16 Bridgestone Turanza EL400 tires, has exceptional grip and balance through corners. Power steering assist remains hydraulic (albeit with an electric motor driving the pump) and the steering feel is beyond what any other automaker has achieved in this price range. Even with only 155 hp, the Mazda 3 is a purer sport compact than some other cars with 50-100 hp more.
The 2012 Mazda 3 is also an excellent value. Our manual-shift i Touring sedan has essentials, including a telescoping steering wheel, Bluetooth and an auxiliary input (a proprietary iPod cable remains a dealer accessory), and costs just $19,245 — right in line with a comparably equipped Chevrolet Cruze, Ford Focus, Honda Civic or Hyundai Elantra. For the hatchback, it runs $19,745, which is $1,000 less than the cheapest 2011 Mazda 3 five-door (which only came with the 2.5-liter). And if you want the automatic, it's $850 more.
Although the 2.0-liter Skyactiv-G will be the volume engine on the 2012 Mazda 3, the automaker isn't expecting an overall increase in Mazda 3 sales, which usually hover around 100,000 units per year.
This is too bad, because the fuel mileage is for real with the new drivetrains, and unlike most other approaches to maximizing mpg, they don't put a damper on the fun. Instead, it's quite the opposite. The Mazda 3 has never been better.
Edmunds attended a manufacturer-sponsored event, to which selected members of the press were invited, to facilitate this report.
Add A Comment »
redrage says:
11:06 AM, 10/31/2011
Don't quite understand the design philosophy behind adding intake ports on both sides of the grill, only to seal them off with black plastic or punching in a teensy foglight for upper trims. Wouldn't this increase drag? It may add to the cool factor, but does it serve a purpose?
brettjr25 says:
07:19 PM, 10/26/2011
Cornering is fun and all but an important real factor for me is for the car to be appealing. When I wake up and pull myself out of bed and sigh as I head to another day of work, on my way out of the door and into my car I want to see my vehicle and smile at how sexy it is and to see that atleast I have some things that I like that I attained through these long hard working days.
The Mazda 3 doesn't do that to me. If I walked out the door and saw this thing with that ugly smile starring at me I would sigh some more and hope it. Sorry this is the truth for me. So all this 4 more mpg the others and great cornering is all negated by the looks for me. =/
aviboy97 says:
10:10 AM, 10/24/2011
Motor Trend just released their first impressions and the sprint from 0-60 took just 7.8 seconds. IIRC, this is the quickest 40mpg car out there. Kudos
perrito says:
04:51 PM, 10/23/2011
OK - great engine. Just looked at the Mazda site, and you can't have the stick if you want the upgraded stereo. Thanks Mazda. No really. Because who wants a new, slick 6pd manual AND a good stereo. Jerks.
bricknord says:
12:06 PM, 10/22/2011
Thank you, thank you, thank you, Mazda, for finally offering the hatch body style with an engine that gets decent MPG. I've longed for, but have not purchased, a Mazda3 hatch for a while, but the crappy MPG figures relative to the typical econocar never allowed me to justify it. You have now given me a reason to buy. Let's see...I get what is probably the best driving small, relatively cheap car on the market in the US, and I get class leading FE? Sign me up. As soon as these are in stock in any substantial quantity in this town, count me in.
We had decided to get rid of our Mazda 5 due to crummy MPG a while back. Sadly, you had been crossed off our short list of replacement vehicles one size/economy notch down/up. No longer. Good work.
tbone85 says:
04:22 PM, 10/18/2011
"Either Forte or Elantra are at this point superior to Mazda 3, what with much better looks, six speeds and great engines, and beautiful interiors. Mazda may still have the better ride and handling combo but that is about it. Really 3 needs to be totally revamped to compete."
The 3 does offer 6 speeds, and the interior question is certainly open to taste. I think th eElantra looks better than the 3, but the Forte--not so much. It's one of the blandest vehicles in the class. Having driven the Elantra (big improvement over the outgoing model) and the 3, the ride handling is very far apart in the Mazda's favor. The 3 competes quite well with these two. It needs a total revamp only to dominate.
s193 says:
02:35 PM, 10/18/2011
Would a turbocharged version of this engine be the engine for the next mazdaspeed3?
agentorange says:
11:36 AM, 10/18/2011
jstandefer said:
" Although there doesn't look to be that much of a difference on paper, the SkyActiv 2.0 and 2.5 are not even in the same league on the road. Yes, the 2.0 is more refined and overall lighter, but it feels significantly weaker especially under 4,000 rpm."
Again, I have to ask how much of the SkyActiv's lack of low down punch is due to the inability to fit the trick exhaust manifold into the 3? This is what I mean by a half-assed launch. Trumpet the new technology, then neuter it because the US market hates small cars that need premium and an important component does not fit.
Right now the 2.5 would be the only choice for me, too. I live in the desert SW where I need the A/C for 60-75% of the year, so I want every last bit of low-down grunt I can get.
brazaboy says:
09:58 AM, 10/18/2011
This is the best compact available out there in comparison to all comers be it Hyundai, Honda, VW, Ford and GM. It even gets the best accolades from Euro-car magazines in comparison to their own manufacturers when it comes to driving dynamics and now the fuel efficiency to go with it is just a bonus.
Any clown that thinks the 2.0l is not enough, you might as well put down smaller disp eng from Honda, GM, Ford,..., but wait these are suppose to be compact cars, duh! Want more, get a midsize sedan!
bonzjr says:
07:30 AM, 10/18/2011
jstandefer says:
"Although there doesn't look to be that much of a difference on paper, the SkyActiv 2.0 and 2.5 are not even in the same league on the road. Yes, the 2.0 is more refined and overall lighter, but it feels significantly weaker especially under 4,000 rpm. I like that Mazda offers both options, although it would be nice to have the 2.5's torque curve with the SkyActiv's efficiency. I'm averaging 23.5 mpg in 95% city driving, so I'm fine with it."
I can certainly appreciate your comparison. But for me, the 2.0 would be plenty. I wanted something with good power AND economy. Moving up from your previous two vehicles sure the 23.5 mpg you're achieving looks great. But I do better than that now in the Protege (worst tank in 9+ years was 21.7 -- average is 26-27 -- best was 32.2, yes I track everything). So surely you can appreciate my desire to move -- let's say -- into the 30s.
As a quick aside, my wife's 6 has the 2.5 (and sadly, the automatic -- but it's not my daily driver or weekend fun car so that's her choice). So I'm familiar with what it does and can do. It's quite competent in terms of acceleration thanks to its torque curve even in the larger 6 but it's not efficient (though Mazda's awful 5-speed auto programming might have a lot to do with that -- it kicks out of lock-up and/or downshifts from 5th any chance it can get). And it doesn't make sweet noises at all.
155 hp in a compact car -- that's a decent amount. Even in 2012. My Protege has 130. It weighs 150 lbs less comparably equipped, but the additional 25 ponies (and 13 lb-ft of torque) of the 3 will make up for it. I'm sure the car will hit the high 7s in the 0-60 run which is faster than I can do it now (low 8s is what most Proteges ran in the early 2000s). Might it require some shifting to move? Sure. But to me that's the fun of it. Need more power? Drop two gears. That's my expectation. I'll take the additional MPG over the torque.
And I'd also like some toys. Like a moonroof. And the Bose stereo (yeah, it's no B&O, but I'll take it). Etcetera.
And aviboy97, yes I know stick sales are falling for everyone. You make a good point. They might be down to only 15% on the 3 now (that's kind of sad but it is what it is), but that's still about 20K more sales available to a relatively small maker they might not otherwise get. People who buy sticks today don't want the penalty box version of a car. They want the gadgets. They tend to enjoy their cars -- all of the aspects of owning them. My point, though, is if Mazda is going to make such a huge deal over this new 6-speed manual the designed and then pat themselves on the back for offering it, they should then follow through by truly offering it through the Skyactiv model/option range. Not on the $19K "you can have it one way only -- with nothing" special. Hyundai does that. Should Mazda copy Hyundai? I think not.
Good discussion though. Maybe I'm just the Luddite of the crowd. But I'm not taking an automatic anything. When the sticks are gone, I'll just buy used cars forever.