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Ta-Nehisi Coates

Ta-Nehisi Coates is a senior editor for The Atlantic, where he writes about culture, politics, and social issues for TheAtlantic.com and the magazine. He is the author of the memoir The Beautiful Struggle. More

Born in 1975, the product of two beautiful parents. Raised in West Baltimore --not quite The Wire, but sometimes ill all the same. Studied at the Mecca for some years in the mid-'90s. Emerged with a purpose, if not a degree. Slowly migrated up the East Coast with a baby and my beloved, until I reached the shores of Harlem. Wrote some stuff along the way.

The Persistence of Gender Bias

I think someone teased this study in the post on gamers over the weekend, but researchers at Yale sought to evaluate whether gender discrimination had any effect on hiring in the sciences. I wish I could tell you I was surprised by the results:

[T]he report found, the professors were less likely to offer the women mentoring or a job. And even if they were willing to offer a job, the salary was lower. The bias was pervasive, the scientists said, and probably reflected subconscious cultural influences rather than overt or deliberate discrimination. 

Female professors were just as biased against women students as their male colleagues, and biology professors just as biased as physics professors -- even though more than half of biology majors are women, whereas men far outnumber women in physics. 

"I think we were all just a little bit surprised at how powerful the results were -- that not only do the faculty in biology, chemistry and physics express these biases quite clearly, but the significance and strength of the results was really quite striking," said Jo Handelsman, a professor of molecular, cellular and developmental biology at Yale.

I don't know. I think we have this tendency to overrate our powers of reason, and underrate the lizard-brain. We have an even greater tendency to underrate the power of culture and socialization among the elite. (Cultural pathology is a phrase reserved for the barbarian poor.) 

The Lost Battalion

It's yours...

Fear of a Black Avenger




One of the corollaries of white supremacy, in this country, is the idea that, should black people ever get power, they will immediately enact revenge among the white populace for all the years of toil, rape, murder, slavery, and terrorism. The notion is at least as old the antebellum South, and probably older. Large-scale slave rebellions were quite rare, but the fear of slave rebellions was so thick in many states throughout the South that, in the years leading up to the War, every able white male -- slave-holder or not -- had to serve on the slave patrols. 

Much like the "secular-atheist Islamo-fascist" line, or the "communist king of corporate bailouts" line you hear hurled at Obama, the varying corollaries of white supremacy never made sense. Blacks were a race so docile, meek, and loyal that they would rape, pillage, and murder their masters the moment a back was turned. 

The fear of black vengeance continues well into 20th century, with Senator Ben Tillman telling his colleagues:

He is not meddling with politics, for he found that the more he meddled with them the worse off he got. As to his "rights" -- I will not discuss them now. We of the South have never recognized the right of the negro to govern white men, and we never will. We have never believed him to be equal to the white man, and we will not submit to his gratifying his lust on our wives and daughters without lynching him.

Because what black people truly want is to "govern white men" and gratify their lusts upon their white wives and daughters. 

Perhaps more than any other strain of white supremacy, the specter of black revenge haunts Obama. As a voter in Kentucky told George Packer when asked about Obama, "I think he would put too many minorities in positions over the white race. That's my opinion."

More »

'You're Still Gonna Watch the Game'




By now you all know what happened last night. The officials basically gave the game away to the Seahawks. It's funny because, just yesterday, I was watching Adam Schefter note that eventually one of these bad calls would decide a game. And it happened.

Of course from my end, what I am thinking about is not how much this mocks the game, but how much it mocks the idea of "player safety." I haven't watched a game this season.

Steve Young covered that ground and more last week:

There's a lot of people in the league who'd like to break the union. There a lot of people who feel like the officiating is on-field personality. They feel like it's a commodity. But more importantly, everything about the NFL now is inelastic for demand. There's nothing they can do right now to hurt the demand for the game. The bottom line is they don't care. Player safety doesn't matter in this case. Bring in the Division III officials - it doesn't matter. In the end you're still going to watch the game, we're going to all complain and moan and gripe but ... it doesn't matter. Go ahead gripe all they want. I'm going to rest. Let them eat cake.
Listen to his entire rant, which is the best kind of rant--an intelligent one.

Also read my colleague Derek Thompson:

I don't know any football fan who thinks the current NFL "product" is superior to last year. But collectively, we're consuming more of it. If you want the real refs back, the best thing you can do isn't to root for more errors. It's simply not to root at all. The loudest and clearest way to ask for a change is simply to change the channel.
Good advice, but I highly doubt this will happen. Again, I think what the NFL really faces is long-term brand erosion. Profits won't disappear overnight. The NFL has a ten- or 20-year problem, not a next-year problem. 

Reading 'A Farewell to Arms'




I commute every week up top for my teaching gig, mostly on the bus. It's about a four-hour ride, the upside of which is the large amount of reading I get done. I knocked out Invisible Man, which I would love to talk to you about, given our conversations around Richard Wright. Another time.

Right now I'm reading A Farewell To Arms and sort of amazed at the virtuosity of the prose. It's not simply that Hemingway can write beautifully, but that he can write beautifully in many different ways. He opens up with this really lyrical, almost dreamscape-like description, and then throughout the book alternates that style a kind of hard-edged staccato. He doesn't much like to go on with long descriptions of characters, he just sort of puts them there and lets you get to know them.

I can't really speak to their power yet, as I have not finished the book. But there is a lot to be learned here about how to change gears, something I struggle with, frankly. I'll find a pretty riff and play that bad boy for 10K words without looking back. It can get boring. I think you need mountains, valleys, and fields. It can't always be the rolling hills.

Perhaps it is juvenile of me but my favorite part is this:

He looked at the priest and shouted, "Every night priest five against one!"

I hate to think what happens when they teach this in high schools.

The Longform Podcast

Here is a pretty fun interview I did with Evan Ratliff and the team over at Longform. Evan (with Nick Thompson) runs The Atavist whose mission is to make the world safe for deep and broad journalism. Evan is also pretty incredible journalist in his own right. Anyway here's an excerpt:

"I was 24 when my son was born. People always say that kids get in the way, right? But actually it had the opposite effect on me. I feel like I could have spent my twenties doing all sorts of self-destructive things - that was my natural inclination - but having a kid suddenly makes that not OK.... The stakes of everything just went up. I think I'm the type of person where, for any reason, I only respond to pressure. That kid just so raised the pressure, for everything. ... So I started writing for the Washington Monthly, and the Monthly pays shit, everybody knows that, right? They were paying ten cents a word at this point. But because they have these big-shots writing for them, nobody ever calls for the check! But I would say, 'no, I need you to send me that check. Yeah, I know it's only $150, but I actually need that check, you really need to send that check.'"

Hell yeah. This was 2001. My baby walking, gotta get 'em some shoes.

Some other thoughts:

I've been obsessed with this notion of what constitutes progress. I think on the Left there this notion that this happens then this happens then this happens. And maybe that's a reflection of how history is taught in high school. But if you look ,my favorite era th Civil War. There's a strong argument for African-Americans in the South that their labor situation did not change. And I think some historians would probably go so far as to argue that it was for the worst. But the fact is that before 1865 you could take somebody's kid and put them on the auction block, and after 1865 you couldn't. That's an actual thing.

I thought this again while I was in Richmond last week. It was brought home as I listened to historian Brian Daugherity talk about Brown vs. the Board. Virginia, as most of you know, greeted Brown with a campaign of massive resistance. Daugherity talked about his time teaching public school in Mississippi where, to this very day, there are all white academies that sprung out of total fear of "nigger citizenship." These places should be ashamed of themselves. But they stand. My point is, somehow, we think that schools just integrated in 1954 or within the decade after. In fact, to this very day, the struggle continues. History is in motion. We are tied to it. We can not sever ourselves. 
 
As an aside, Richmond is awesome. And people who think "we" should have let the South secede should not comment here.

The Lost Battalion

It's yours...

Our Band Could Be Your Life

I've been meaning to do one of these "What should I be listening to?" threads for awhile. This seems as good a time as anyway. My contribution is Grimes "Genesis." Because I'm evidently a 13-year old white girl. I have long tried to deny it. But I can no longer hide who I am.

So what's the Horde pumping on the block these days?

The Long and Disreputable History of Repressing the Black Vote

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A Texas man last week lynched a chair in his yard, which he said represented President Obama. (Burnt Orange Report)

Everyone should read Mariah Blake's profile of True The Vote in the latest issue of The Atlantic (to which all true Horde legionnaires subscribe.) But readers should play close attention to the ugly long history of disenfranchising black people and brown people through claims of voter fraud:
Conservative anti-voter fraud fervor first arose around the same time as two turning points in American politics. The first was John F. Kennedy's narrow presidential win in 1960, which many Republicans attributed to voter fraud in Illinois and Texas. The second was the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act, which, by banning discriminatory voting practices, stoked fear in some quarters about the rising power of black voters. During the run-up to the 1964 presidential election, the Republican National Committee launched Operation Eagle Eye, the nation's first large-scale anti-voter fraud campaign. 

As part of the program, the RNC recruited tens of thousands of volunteers to show up at polling places, mostly in inner cites, and challenge voters' eligibility using a host of tools and tactics, including cameras, two-way radios, and calls to Republican-friendly sheriffs. After this, anti-fraud campaigns became commonplace, but they could backfire, as the RNC learned in 1981. That year, the party hired a swashbuckling 29-year-old named John Kelly to organize "ballot security" for New Jersey's gubernatorial election. Kelly, who turned up in the state wearing cowboy boots and a 10-gallon hat, arranged to have hundreds of thousands of sample ballots mailed to voters in black and Latino neighborhoods. His team then compiled a list of people whose ballots were returned as undeliverable, and allegedly tried to have them struck from the rolls. 

This technique, known as caging, is controversial because it can purge eligible voters. In this case, an outdated address roster was used -- meaning that an unusually large share of the people on Kelly's list may have been wrongly targeted. Kelly and his associates also recruited squadrons of men -- many of them off-duty police officers -- to descend on black and Latino precincts around New Jersey on Election Day. Wearing National Ballot Security Task Force armbands, walkie-talkies, and in some cases guns, the men posted signs warning in large red letters that the areas were being patrolled. They then stationed themselves around polling places and allegedly tried to stop those whose names appeared on the caging list from voting. 

According to a Republican Party lawyer who was on the scene that day, before the polls closed, Kelly hightailed it out of the state in a Chevy Impala, armbands and signs stuffed in the trunk. When the Essex County prosecutor's office launched a statewide criminal investigation the following week, he was nowhere to be found. In the end, prosecutors didn't bring charges -- no would-be voters stepped forward to say they had been blocked from casting ballots -- but the Democratic National Committee filed a federal lawsuit accusing Kelly and the RNC of violating the Voting Rights Act. 

To settle the case, in 1982 the RNC signed a consent decree, agreeing to end all "ballot security" programs targeting minority precincts. Four years later, the RNC was caught caging minority voters in Louisiana, an effort that was intended to "keep the black vote down," according to an internal RNC memo. The DNC filed suit again, and a chastened RNC agreed to a modified decree requiring it to submit all plans for anti-voter fraud campaigns to the court for approval.
I raise this because it's critically important that we not think of these new laws as anything particularly "new." They are but restatements of our oldest pathologies. A deep-seated fear of bestowing full American citizenship on non-whites, and particularly on blacks, has a long and ugly history in this country:
[John Wilkes] Booth may have finally given himself over to the idea of that "something decisive and great" on April 11, the night Abraham Lincoln made the speech of his life. Booth, Herold, and Lewis Powell were in the crowd that gathered on the White House grounds to hear the president speak from a balcony. Herold identified this as the fatal moment in which Booth decided on assassination. One passage in the president's subdued victory speech touch on the place of African Americans in the reunited nation. "It is also unsatisfactory to some," Lincoln said, "that the elective franchise [in the new government of reconstructed Louisiana] is not given to the colored man. I would myself prefer that it were now conferred on the very intelligent, and on those who serve our cause as soldiers.
Booth was engraged. "That means nigger citizenship," he said. "Now, by God! I'll put him through. That is the last speech he will ever make."

The Southern diarist Katherine Stone, a loyal Confederate, feared the triumph of the Union because it would bring "Negro equality." Upon Lincoln's murder she wrote "All honor to J. Wilkes Booth," Lincoln's "brave destroyer." Upon hearing of Booth's death she cried for him and wrote that "many a true heart at the South weeps for his death." 

Less you think this notion is dead, I visited the Tredegar Iron Works in Richmond last week. Tredegar was the industrial hub of the Southern attempt to raise a slave-holding republic during the 1860s. Out back there is a statue of Lincoln and his son. The statue was protested in the '90s by "Heritage" groups, one of which went so far as to fly a plane over Richmond which celebrated Lincoln's murder by streaming the motto "Sic Semper Tyrannis."

I have said this before but it is much easier to think of Lincoln's killing as the fevered work of a mad man, then it is to acknowledge what it was -- the calculated work of a white supremacist intent on restricting the citizenship of black people. 

The past ain't even the past, and the God of history is not dead.

The End Of Games




Here's another Ask Anything segment from over at Andrew Sullivan's place. The questions was whether I still play D&D. Sadly, I don't and perhaps more sadly, I'm finding that I don't really participate in any of the great literary influences of my youth. Hip-hop, comic books, gaming (both table-top and computer) have all been gradually left behind. "Left behind" is too strong a phrase. They're still with me in spirit, and each of these things exerts a heavy influence over my writing. But I am increasingly a non-participant.

Part of the issue is that is that I've found it really tough to age up with each of these. I can't keep debating women in comics, or women in hip-hop, or women in WoW. (Sensing a trend here.) As I've gotten older the hours in my day seem to have shrunk. I just don't have the energy to fight.

Or rather I don't have the energy to fight on that front. Writing has, increasingly, taken up residence in the space where I used to put fandom. Even nonfiction writing, for me, requires an act of imagination because I am always thinking of ways to afflict the reader with some of what I feel. I'm not simply trying to afflict him/her logically, but also emotionally. The writing must emote. To do that I employ the same imagination I once put into the nasty poison-spewing green dragon (or was she blue? red?) from the Isle of Dread, and redirect to (attempted) acts of literature. Regrettably that means less time for Isle of Dread.

Nevertheless, I miss Tucker's Kobolds.

Commenting 2.0

Complain here. I'm a fan of up and down voting. I know you guys may not like it. But it's going to make my job easier.

How to Write Like a Civil War General

I've been lucky enough to receive a galley of Bruce Levine's upcoming book The Fall Of The House Of Dixie. I would describe it as a People's History of The Civil War, were that title not taken. Zinn's inability to distinguish among peoples with a boot on their neck (as I have said before) has always been a problem for me. (I find his thoughts on the Civil War really unfortunate.)

But I think his basic notion, that history can be told from the ground up, that Big Men and Big Battles are not the only (or even always the best) way to assemble a narrative, is right on point. I thought What Hath God Wrought ably demonstrated that point. So I come back to Zinn because I think he was right in theory, if not in practice. He certainly doesn't belong in the company of a charlatan like David Barton.

Levine's book does that same sort of work -- it is a grassroots survey of the Civil War. Grant, Lee, Lincoln, Gettysburg, and Bull Run are all there, but they are in the background, while the enslaved, planter classes, and poor whites are in the front. It is a kind of social history of the War. And it is eminently readable. I always recommend Battle Cry of Freedom as an introduction, but I think The Fall of The House of Dixie is a very good complement.

My favorite historians are masters of the illustrative quote. So here's one from a Confederate official:

The sacrosanctity of slave property in this war has operated most injuriously to the Confederacy.

Man, I love how these 19th-century guys wrote. Most injuriously. It's wordy sentence but the words function as concealment for the bayonet notion that that which the South took as its great strength -- slavery -- was in fact its greatest weakness. It's a perfect union between form and meaning.

Just to wrap up that former question of Big Men vs The People in terms of narrative, I've come to believe that it shouldn't really be either/or. The problem isn't in telling history through the eyes of Big Men (Lincoln and Lee really did have an outsized effect on the war), but in only telling the history through the eyes of Big Men.


'Maybe You Haven't Gotten Around a Lot'

Barack Obama -- master of the slow soundbite. It's like watching Kareem's sky-hook.

No One Left to Race Bait

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Dave Weigel points out the difference between the covert racism of a young cagey Pat Buchanan in the days of the Southern strategy, and overt racism of the pariah Pat Buchanan banished to Fox News (emphasis added):
In May of 1970, when he was a young former journalist working for the White House, Pat Buchanan offered President Richard Nixon some tips that he'd never stop using. "I strongly endorse symbolic gestures toward groups," wrote Buchanan, "especially the blacks where symbols count for so much." In order to divide the country effectively, Nixon had to pretend that he wasn't dividing it at all. "The President is President of all the people and while they will never vote for us, we must never let them come to believe we don't give a damn about them -- or that they are outside our province of concern." 

Forty-two years and four months later, an older, more widow's-peaked Buchanan appeared on Fox News to explain the leaked video of Mitt Romney talking to donors. Had Romney stumbled when he wrote off the "47 percent" of voters too dependent to vote Republican? No, said Buchanan. "Barack Obama is a drug dealer of welfare. He wants permanent dependency, in my judgment, of all these folks."
Calling the first black president a "drug dealer of welfare" is interesting because it actually is Buchanan deploying symbolism. The problem is that the world has changed, and this is precisely the kind of rhetoric that would end a presidential candidacy today.

As I argued on Tuesday, as a racist appeal becomes more abstract, it doesn't simply become more devious, it becomes less racist, and thus less potent. Inveighing against the 47 percent isn't racist; "Welfare Queen" kind of is; William F. Buckley claiming black people don't want to vote really is; and John Booth mumbling, "That means nigger equality, by God I'll run him through" and then shooting the president in the head is straight white supremacist violence.

The Southern Strategy is often conceived as magic. I would argue that it is better conceived of as another engagement during white supremacy's fighting retreat into oblivion. The "symbols" argument can only work until people decide that the deploying of symbols is, itself, racist. I know people think that Republicans have avoided the Rev. Jeremiah Wright attack out of the goodness of their heart. I would argue that they've avoided it because they (correctly) understand that it would be poisonous to them. 

And so robbed of symbols, a previously racist attack disperses into a hazy diffusive blabbering. The most striking thing about Mary Matlin's "producer vs. the parasites" line is that she declines to say who the parasites are. Who specifically are the takers? Are they the workers who are paying payroll taxes? Are they the elderly? Are they the 6.9 percent of Americans earning less than $20,000? (See my colleague Derek Thompson for more on this.)

By Mitt Romney's lights it's all of them.

Inequality and the Marketplace of Ideas



Above, I make the case that to conceive of white supremacy as a product of the Republican Party is wrong, and that it is better to think of white supremacy as one of the most powerful and attractive notions in our long history. If Republicans weren't buying, some political party would. It just means too much to us. 

A lot of this comes from my many discussions here with you. I don't quite know how to recap them all. I know that this Edmund Morgan post on his book (which you should read right now) American Slavery, American Freedom is part of it:

Morgan's basic contention, one which I increasingly find convincing, is that American slavery made American freedom possible. Thus, it is an understatement--and perhaps even a falsehood--to cast slavery, as Condoleeza Rice has, as the "birth defect" of American freedom. The term "birth defect" conveys the notion of other possibilities and unfortunate accidents. But Morgan would argue slavery didn't just happen as a byproduct, it was the steward. Put differently, slavery is America's midwife, not it's birth defect. 

My own formulation for my text aims to push this notion further: America was not only made possible by slavery, it was made possible by prosecuting a perpetual war against its slaves, without which there may never have been an "America."

I should admit that increasingly I am moving away from the "war" frame. The more I turn it over (and the more I have debated it with you) the less it seems to work. And yet something beyond slavery happend here. 

To wit, I am currently in Richmond, Virginia. My host just told me the story that led to the great Henry "Box" Brown's escape from slavery. Here is the story Brown is most noted for:

With the help of James C. A. Smith and a sympathetic white storekeeper named Samuel Smith (no relation), Brown devised a plan to have himself shipped to a free state by Adams Express Co. Brown paid $86 (out of his savings of $166) to Smith, who contacted Philadelphia abolitionist James Miller McKim, who agreed to receive the box. Brown burned his hand with oil of vitriol (sulfuric acid) as an excuse for missing work.

During the trip, which began on March 23, 1849, Brown's box traveled by wagon, railroad, steamboat, wagon again, railroad, ferry, railroad, and finally delivery wagon. Several times during the 27-hour journey, carriers placed the box upside-down or handled it roughly, but Brown was able to remain still enough to avoid detection. 

The box containing Brown was received by McKim, William Still, and other members of the Philadelphia Vigilance Committee. When Brown was released, one of those present remembered his first words as "How do you do, gentlemen?" He then sang a psalm from the Bible he had previously selected for his moment of freedom.

What is not told enough is the story that prompted Brown to cramp himself into a box. His wife and kids were sold South. Brown, getting wind of the sale, tried to raise money to have them bought. He failed:

The next day, I stationed myself by the side of the road, along which the slaves, amounting to three hundred and fifty, were to pass. The purchaser of my wife was a Methodist minister, who was about starting for North Carolina. Pretty soon five waggon-loads of little children passed, and looking at the foremost one, what should I see but a little child, pointing its tiny hand towards me, exclaiming, "There's my father; I knew he would come and bid me good-bye." 

It was my eldest child! Soon the gang approached in which my wife was chained. I looked, and beheld her familiar face; but O, reader, that glance of agony! may God spare me ever again enduring the excruciating horror of that moment! She passed, and came near to where I stood. I seized hold of her hand, intending to bid her farewell; but words failed me; the gift of utterance had fled, and I remained speechless. I followed her for some distance, with her hand grasped in mine, as if to save her from her fate, but I could not speak, and I was obliged to turn away in silence. 

This is not an imaginary scene, reader; it is not a fiction, but an every-day reality at the South; and all I can say more to you, in reference to it is, that if you will not, after being made acquainted with these facts, consecrate your all to the slaves' release from bondage, you are utterly unworthy the name of a man, and should go and hide yourself, in some impenetrable cave, where no eye can behold your demon form.

There is a record of Brown's wife writing, after the war, to Richmond, so that her church membership could be changed to North Carolina.

This is very hard to write. Watch the video. 

The Lost Battalion

Let us have an open thread.

A Brief Black Liberal Rant

The road to a Romney victory is really, really rocky. Ezra Klein sums this up in the following piece. A few excerpts:
On the presidential level, where everyone running campaigns is very, very good at their jobs, campaign infighting and incoherence tend to be the result of a candidate being behind in the polls, not the cause of it. Romney is behind and has been there for quite some time. According to the Real Clear Politics average of head-to-head polls, Romney hasn't led the race since October 2011. The closest he came to a lead in the polls this year was during the Republican National Convention, when he managed to ... tie Obama...

This year, it was the Democrats who made the biggest gains from before to after the conventions. Obama is leading by 3 percent in the Real Clear Politics average of polls, about double his lead before the Republican convention. If that doesn't fade by the end of the week or so -- that is, if it proves to be a real lead rather than a post-convention bounce -- then there's simply no example in the past 15 elections of a candidate coming back from a post-convention deficit to win the popular vote.

This is about the point where I'm supposed to write: That said, the race remains close, and the debates are coming soon. It's still anyone's game. But the most surprising of Erikson and Wlezien's results, and the most dispiriting for the Romney campaign, is that unlike the conventions, the debates don't tend to matter. There's "a fairly strong degree of continuity from before to after the debates," they write. That's true even when the trailing candidate is judged to have "won" the debates. "Voters seem to have little difficulty proclaiming one candidate the 'winner' of a debate and then voting for the opponent," Erikson and Wlezien say.

More »

Clint Eastwood: Obama Sleeper Agent

Via Gawker, Access Hollywood asked Clint Eastwood about his now-infamous speech. His response:
"If somebody's dumb enough to ask me to go to a political convention and say something, they're gonna have to take what they get," the veteran actor told an Extra correspondent during a one-on-one interview about his upcoming film Trouble with the Curve...

Asked if Mitt Romney was that "somebody," Eastwood initially said "yeah," before adding, "actually, he had some of his people ask."
The Islamo-fascist, radical atheist, communist bail-out, secular sharia wizard is cunning. And Hussein has many spies.

Romney's Responsibility Map

Team Obama responds...

Map.jpg

We Are All Welfare Queens Now

Thinking some more on Mitt Romney's high-handed claim that one in two Americans will vote for Obama simply to better ensure their own sloth, I was reminded of Lee Atwater's famous explanation of the Southern Strategy:

You start out in 1954 by saying, "Nigger, nigger, nigger." By 1968 you can't say "nigger" -- that hurts you. Backfires. So you say stuff like forced busing, states' rights and all that stuff. You're getting so abstract now [that] you're talking about cutting taxes, and all these things you're talking about are totally economic things and a byproduct of them is [that] blacks get hurt worse than whites. And subconsciously maybe that is part of it. I'm not saying that. But I'm saying that if it is getting that abstract, and that coded, that we are doing away with the racial problem one way or the other. You follow me -- because obviously sitting around saying, "We want to cut this," is much more abstract than even the busing thing, and a hell of a lot more abstract than "Nigger, nigger."

The process Atwater is describing really stretches back to 1790 (sorry if I am on repeat here) when Congress restricted citizenship to white people. Progress has meant a series of fights first over direct and indirect components of citizenship (voting, serving in public office, serving in the Army, serving on juries etc.) and less explicit tactics to curtail access to them.

I think what's often missed in analyzing these tactics is how they, themselves, are evidence of progress and the liberal dream of equal citizenship before the law. It's true that for a century after the Civil War, the South effectively erased the black vote. But there was an actual black vote that had to be militated against, and in the North that vote held some sway. It's worth critiquing how the machine manipulated the black vote in Chicago, but it's also worth noting there was a black vote present, people exercising their own wills and prerogatives.

More to the point, as tactics aimed at suppressing black citizenship become more abstract, they also have the side-effect of enveloping non-blacks. Atwater's point that the policies of the Southern Strategy hurt blacks more than whites is well taken. But some whites were hurt too. This is different than the explicit racism of slavery and segregation. During slavery white Southerners never worried about disenfranchising blacks. After slavery they needed poll taxes and the force of white terrorism. After white terrorism was routed and the poll tax outlawed, they targeted the voting process itself. But at each level what you see is more non-black people being swept into the pool of victims and the pool expanding.

You can paint a similar history of the welfare state, which was first secured by assuring racist white Democrats that the pariah of black America would be cut out of it. When such machinations became untenable, the strategy became to claim the welfare state mainly benefited blacks. And as that has become untenable, the strategy has become to target the welfare state itself, with no obvious mention of color. At each interval the ostensible pariah grows, until one in two Americans are members of the pariah class.

In all this you can see the insidious and lovely foresight of integration which, at its root, posits an end to whiteness as any kind of organizing political force. I would not say we are there. But when the party of white populism finds itself writing off half the country, we are really close.
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Ta-Nehisi Coates
from the Magazine

Fear of a Black President

As a candidate, Barack Obama said we needed to reckon with race and with America’s…

Why Do So Few Blacks Study the Civil War?

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A filmmaker maps Austin’s shifting ethnic landscape.