David Nutt: alcohol consumption would fall 25% if cannabis cafes were allowed

Former chairman of drugs advisory committee tells MPs Dutch-style 'coffee shops' would make people drink less

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David Nutt
Prof David Nutt, who stood by his claim that horse-riding was more dangerous than taking ecstasy. Photograph: Christian Sinibaldi for the Guardian

A former government adviser on drugs has told MPs that alcohol consumption would fall by as much as 25% if Dutch-style cannabis "coffee shops" were introduced in Britain.

Prof David Nutt also told the Commons home affairs committee that he stood by his claim that horse-riding was more dangerous than taking ecstasy, despite the fact that the comparison triggered his sacking as chairman of the advisory committee on the misuse of drugs (ACMD).

Nutt told MPs the cost of policing cannabis use was only £500m a year, mainly for issuing possession warning notices, compared with the £6bn a year bill for policing the use of alcohol, including dealing with people who were drunk and disorderly.

His call for the decriminalisation of the use of all drugs was backed by a second former government drug adviser, Prof Lesley King, who told MPs that most people who took ecstasy did so without harming themselves or inflicting wider harms on society.

The two former government drug advisers were giving evidence to the Commons home affairs select committee's inquiry into drugs policy.

Nutt defended his controversial horse-riding comparison, saying the costs to the NHS of injuries of riders who had fallen from their horses were little realised. Nor was it appreciated that riders who lost control of their horses on the roads were the cause of more than 100 serious accidents every year.

"Horse-riding is considerably more dangerous than taking ecstasy," said Nutt. "It is a popular activity, dangerous but addictive. I am told that many riders find it difficult to give up."

Nutt was using the example to illustrate his argument that the classification of different illegal drugs was often completely unrelated to the relative harm that their use caused society. He said politics rather than science had dominated drug policy in Britain over the 40 years since the Misuse of Drugs Act was passed in 1971. Only one drug – cannabis – had ever been downgraded and that was quickly reversed against the advice of the ACMD.

Nutt said the decision by the home secretary to classify magic mushrooms as a class A drug alongside heroin and crack cocaine was "the final nail in the rationality of the 1971 Drugs Act".

Nutt has argued that the harmful impact of removing criminal sanctions on cannabis use would be relatively modest unless it was as actively marketed as alcohol, since almost half of young people already used the drug. He said he had argued in a Lancet paper that alcohol was the most harmful drug in Britain largely because of its frightening contribution to domestic violence, child abuse and road traffic accidents.

"A regulated market for illicit drugs would be the best way and we could reduce alcohol consumption by as much as 25% if we had the Dutch model of cannabis cafes," said Nutt, adding that he believed the police would rather deal with people who were stoned than drunk.

"The drugs trade is the second biggest international trade in the world, after oil, and it is completely unregulated … It is impossible to win the war on drugs."

Nutt's remarks were immediately criticised by Tory MPs on the committee who said the idea that horse-riding and taking ecstasy were "morally equivalent" was irresponsible. Mario Dunn, Alan Johnson's special adviser who was involved in the decision to sack Nutt, also observed that his remarks proved that "no responsible government would have David Nutt as a drugs adviser".

Prof Les Iversen, who replaced Nutt as chairman of the advisory committee, also distanced himself from the sacked scientist. However, he did tell MPs that the committee wanted to see far fewer young people facing criminal penalties for cannabis possession and their diversion away from the criminal justice system.

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  • Ian70

    19 June 2012 1:58PM

    Nutt's remarks were immediately criticised by Tory MPs on the committee who said the idea that horse-riding and taking ecstasy were "morally equivalent" was completely irresponsible

    He didn't say they were morally equivalent, whatever that even means in this context, his point was about danger. It's impossible to discuss this rationally with politicians. It's as if they've taken something a bit dodgy.

  • bazzartii

    19 June 2012 2:12PM

    It is quite surprising that MP's refuse to acknowledge the billions of tax revenues that would flow to the Treasury were cannabis and ecstasy onsale and controlled.

  • lierbag

    19 June 2012 2:15PM

    Horse-riding may well be potentially more dangerous (to the rider at least) than taking ecstasy, but at least the dangers are localised. A community with its member's minds habitually addled by psychoactive substances, risks negative consequences for everyone .

  • AhabTRuler

    19 June 2012 2:16PM

    Nutt's remarks were immediately criticised by Tory MPs on the committee who said the idea that horse-riding and taking ecstasy were "morally equivalent" was irresponsible.

    These are the same people who think that being poor is a moral failing, no matter how morally suspect the 'comfortable' classes are.

  • pash100

    19 June 2012 2:17PM

    Prof Nutt is a man of integrity who enquiers deeply with his own mind. He is an inspiration.

  • davorg

    19 June 2012 2:17PM

    As Mark Henderson says in "The Geek Manifesto", we shouldn't always expect politicians to adopt a policy just because the science indicates that it's worth pursuing.

    We should, however, expect politicians to be honest enough to accept the scientific evidence and then explain why they have chosen to ignore it. That's where they usually fall short.

  • beachg1

    19 June 2012 2:18PM

    Mp's still living in fear of The Daily Mail. When will they apply their common sense when looking at issues like this?

  • MikeBored

    19 June 2012 2:18PM

    "Responsible government"? They have those?

    So Mario Dunn was involved in Alan Johnson's Nutt sack? I've always wondered what special advisers actually do.

  • Matt Workman

    19 June 2012 2:19PM

    Thousands of violent deaths, drug overdoses from impure drugs, increased drug use and billions of pounds wasted. These are the only products that have came from the war on drugs that has plagued the past few decades. We are in desperate need of change, and still the opinions of politicians takes precedence over the scientific opinions of drug experts who are looking out for the safety of the population. The situation is bad enough in the UK, but it is the countries like Mexico which have become the battleground for the war supporting drug prohibition. Bodies are being dumped out of trucks in their tens by cartels, just to show the west that they are losing and will always lose, and it will continue until we have a regulated market. It is easy for politicians to turn a blind eye to mass murder when there is an ocean separating them from it.

  • Foxxxo

    19 June 2012 2:20PM

    David Nutt makes excellent evidence-based analysis, whereas politicians think only about what the Daily Mail will say.

    With Labour he had a slim chance that his opinion would be properly considered, but this Tory shower aren't interested in pesky facts and reason. They have never lived in the real world, and believe in only dogma.

  • noirnoirnoir

    19 June 2012 2:20PM

    Mixing booze and cannabis is always a bad idea. I would never mix drink with it when i used to smoke, so i used to drink less as a result.

  • sullenandhostile

    19 June 2012 2:25PM

    You wrote:

    Horse-riding may well be potentially more dangerous (to the rider at least) than taking ecstasy, but at least the dangers are localised. A community with its member's minds habitually addled by psychoactive substances, risks negative consequences for everyone .


    From the article:

    [Nutt's] call for the decriminalisation of the use of all drugs was backed by a second former government drug adviser, Prof Lesley King, who told MPs that most people who took ecstasy did so without harming themselves or inflicting wider harms on society.

  • theoriginaljones

    19 June 2012 2:26PM

    What would disgusted of Tunbridge Wells say about all this...?

    Another round of subsidised 24 hour booze in the commons bar Minister?

    I mean, what sort of hipocr......sorry, meant democracy do you think you're living in?

  • 4danglier

    19 June 2012 2:28PM

    @lierbag
    If you read the article you will find he is comparing "the relative harm that their use caused society." His analysis explains clearly how he has assessed the relative harms, based on the real world, rather that knee-jerk emotional responses like yours and the "Tory MPs" quoted.

  • straighttalkingjack

    19 June 2012 2:28PM

    alcohol consumption would fall by as much as 25%


    Drinks lobby drugs policy = government drugs policy
    It really does appear to be that simple.....

    Nutt's remarks were immediately criticised by Tory MPs on the committee who said the idea that horse-riding and taking ecstasy were "morally equivalent" was irresponsible.


    But presumably taking ecstacy and having a bit of a dance is morally inferior to companies that advertise and profit from a drug that kills on the roads, on the streets and in homes through violence and costs billions in health care and policing, causes addiction, depression on a massive scale and causes massive losses in productivity due to ill health. That'd be ok then.

    Tory MP defines hypocrisy on drugs yet again.

  • econforthemasses

    19 June 2012 2:29PM

    Horse-riding may well be potentially more dangerous (to the rider at least) than taking ecstasy, but at least the dangers are localised. A community with its member's minds habitually addled by psychoactive substances, risks negative consequences for everyone

    Alcohol is far more likely to addle minds , having experienced clubs full of people drunk where women are groped and fights are frequent in comparison with clubs full of people on ecstacy where people are all very friendly and having a good time with the bouncers bored i understand the differing effects of these drugs. Please take a second to cast away you preconceptions about certain drugs until you have experienced or researched them better. Nothing would improve problems of binge drinking more than the legalization of ecstacy and cannabis.

  • Laurence Denison

    19 June 2012 2:29PM

    i will give anyone a 100 quid if they can send me a research paper (which hasnt been widely discredited) suggesting that cannabis definitley leads to long-term healh problems and should definitley remain illegal.
    i wrote a dissertation on drug crime - couldnt find one.

  • aquarious

    19 June 2012 2:29PM

    No political party has the courage to decriminalise cannabis and allow Dutch style coffee shops. They would love to have the money that would come from it, but scared of losing the votes. I seem to remember a party manifesto a few years ago that a coalition party had to this effect on cannabis but now they are in power, they probably wouldnt consider this.... I work in a hospital assessment unit I dont see that many drug related incidents. Alcohol, now thats another story.... Perhaps if cannabis was decriminalised, the could control the use of cannabis with high levels of THC which can potentially be harmful. Street drugs and euthanasia - the elephants in every government's room.

  • maihashi

    19 June 2012 2:29PM

    Nutt's remarks were immediately criticised by Tory MPs on the committee who said the idea that horse-riding and taking ecstasy were "morally equivalent" was irresponsible.

    I'm interested to hear how they justify classing smoking cannabis as immoral. Surely the only immoral aspect is that it is against the law, the ineffectiveness of which is exactly what they are supposedly discussing...

    Closed-minded Torys? Well I never....

  • aiusepsi

    19 June 2012 2:31PM

    We do have a community where the members' minds are habitually addled by psychoactive substances; alcohol and tobacco.

    That we are restricted by law from taking other psychoactive substances which the empirical evidence shows have a lesser harm is utterly ridiculous.

  • NorthernGrandma

    19 June 2012 2:32PM

    Once again words of immaculate and considered wisdom from Prof Nutt. Unfortunately we do not have - and never have had - a government prepared to listen and take action by admitting that alcohol and tobacco are 'killers' and cannabis is not.

  • RationalMind

    19 June 2012 2:32PM

    Compounds in cannabis may protect the human brain against alcohol-induced damage, according to clinical trial data published online by the journal Neurotoxicology and Teratology.

    Investigators at the University of California at San Diego examined white matter integrity in adolescents with histories of binge drinking and marijuana use.

    They reported that binge drinkers (defined as boys who consumed five or more drinks in one sitting, or girls who consumed four or more drinks at one time) showed signs of white matter damage in eight separate regions of the brain.

    By contrast, the binge drinkers who also used marijuana experienced less damage in seven out of the eight brain regions.

    “Binge drinkers who also use marijuana did not show as consistent a divergence from non-users as did the binge drink-only group,” authors concluded. “[It is] possible that marijuana may have some neuroprotective properties in mitigating alcohol-related oxidative stress or excitotoxic cell death.

    In 2005, researchers at the National Institutes of Mental Health reported that the administration of the non-psychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) reduced alcohol-induced cell death in the hippocampus and etorhinal cortex of the brain in a dose-dependent manner by up to 60 percent. “This study provides the first demonstration of CBD as an in vivo neuroprotectant … in preventing binge ethanol-induced brain injury,” investigators concluded in The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

    Commenting on the findings, NORML Deputy Director Paul Armentano said, “Alcohol and cannabis appear to have contrasting effects on the body,” he said. “Ethanol is clearly toxic to healthy and developing cells whereas cannabinoids appear to be relatively non-toxic and possibly even neuroprotective.”

    San Diego, CA–(ENEWSPF)
    August 27, 2009.

    Source: norml.org

  • chitchat

    19 June 2012 2:32PM

    I had a quick smoke yesterday for the first time in months. Damn knocked me out for hours.

  • Monchberter

    19 June 2012 2:33PM

    It's not immoral to waive major transnational companies tax bills and encourage hate crimes against those on benefits, but to suggest that cannabis is legalised??!

    That's just despicable.

  • metalvendetta

    19 June 2012 2:34PM

    How do I support this and where do I sign up? There used to be a pub in Camden that operated coffee-shop rules but since the police closed it down I've had to smoke at home, which is kind of unsociable.

  • straighttalkingjack

    19 June 2012 2:35PM

    A community with its member's minds habitually addled by psychoactive substances, risks negative consequences for everyone .

    Presumably you are referring to alcohol since that does more mind-addling than any other drug in the UK. I suggest an end to all advertising and plain packaging. Prohibition though certainly shouldn't be tried, we know that it doesn't work.

  • Eisenhorn

    19 June 2012 2:35PM

    It's impossible to discuss this rationally with politicians. It's as if they've taken something a bit dodgy.

    Heh.

    See, I'm a bit on the fence with this one. I used to be of the opinion that all drugs should be legalised; then I find myself unable to live with that as a point of view when, for example, Bath Salts come along and innocent people start getting their eyeballs sucked out and their faces chewed off.

    I certainly think that heroin should be legalised, if only to ensure some degree of quality control and needle hygiene. I think that cocaine should be legalised, if only to cut off the vast tide of cash enjoyed by despot drug barons and the fear & death caused by every stage of the supply chain. On this particular issue I think Professor Nutt has the right idea, just so long as the type of cannabis sold isn't the ludicrously-strong gives-you-schizophrenia-type...


    Be ironic though, wouldn't it, for tax-revenue from pot sales to go towards the NHS having to replace the livers of alcoholics...

  • LaughingNoam

    19 June 2012 2:37PM

    lierbag
    19 June 2012 2:15PM
    Horse-riding may well be potentially more dangerous (to the rider at least) than taking ecstasy, but at least the dangers are localised. A community with its member's minds habitually addled by psychoactive substances, risks negative consequences for everyone .

    On the same basis, surely the cheap and easy availablity of alcohol means that you would expect most members of the community to be drunk all the time - certainly not the case.

    If it were only legal to smoke cannabis in a cafe, and at a cost, cannabis would still be harder to source than alcohol, but at least it would mean many people like myself who suffer from mental health issues wouldn't be forced to self-medicate with alcohol in order to escape from the realities of having an untreatable problem and could instead take a far more appropriate drug with far less damaging consequences.

    I'm sick of a self declared "moral" minority of people in this country telling the rest of us what we should and should not be doing!!

  • chippers

    19 June 2012 2:37PM

    and all these comments from MP's off the back of the Leverson enquiry. I thought they were supposed to be sticking up for themselves in the face of the press and be brave enough to speak out without fear of what the Sun & Daily Mail are likely to say. Deep down they know David Nutt is right, but they don't have the balls to say it. I'm a professional person in my mid 30's who earns a good wage, has a very responsible job and generally contributes a lot to society. I've also been taking ecstasy & smoking pott on / off for the last 17 years, and as far as i can tell it hasn't done me any harm, which i suspect is the case for 95% of peope who use these drugs ...... unlike alcohol. However if i were to ever be caught in posession of either of these drugs i'd lose my job and then be exposed to all the social problems that come with that...... and for what?!!! ..... having a night out and getting high?!!. ....something which in no way impacts on anybody except me. The drug laws are completely ridiculous and just end up criminalising people that are otherwise law abiding, functioning citizens.

  • bodders78

    19 June 2012 2:38PM

    The only place you tend to find a voice of reason is with people who have genuinely studied their fields at the highest level with an open mind.

    Could we please get all these people round a table to form a technocratic party.

    Seeing as almost every economics professor disagrees with Gideon's plan, coupled with the fact that Gideon himself studied History and, as such, does not know what the fcuk he's doing, maybe it's about time for a rethink.

  • PHYZX

    19 June 2012 2:40PM

    The government has " NO " scientific ( evidence based ) reasons for the current , unfair , unjust and immoral stance against cannabis .
    More than half the world uses cannabis beneficially . ( without problems )

    Without reason or evidence of harm from cannabis , it is the " drugs laws " themselves that are the cause of harm and politicians should be held to account for this .

    Bring back " judicial review " of parliament , the " People " should have over site of the " irrational , delusional , immoral and unjust practices of the " political class " .

  • trubble

    19 June 2012 2:41PM

    Horse-riding may well be potentially more dangerous (to the rider at least) than taking ecstasy, but at least the dangers are localised. A community with its member's minds habitually addled by psychoactive substances, risks negative consequences for everyone .

    Any science to back up your assertions, or did you arrive at your conclusions by guessing? Funnily enough, there has been research into this area, by Prof Nutt. His conclusions are the opposite of yours, but I'm sure you have just as much data as him, right?

  • straighttalkingjack

    19 June 2012 2:41PM

    Surely the only immoral aspect is that it is against the law


    Indeed, where is MAM to tell us you'd have to be a sociopath to smoke cannabis. Why? Because it is illegal. If there there was a law that said you had to kick your dog most Tories would consider it immoral not to do so.

  • DCBKing

    19 June 2012 2:42PM

    "...no responsible government would have David Nutt as a drugs adviser".

    An insightful comment, considering that no responsible government ever has hired David Nutt as a drugs advisor.

  • chippers

    19 June 2012 2:42PM

    'for what it's worth, my step-mother is also a horse-rider who fell off her horse about 5 years ago and broke her hip. She then couldn't go to work for almost 4 months. The worst pott or ecstasy ever did for me was a groggy & tired monday morning.

  • disbelieving

    19 June 2012 2:42PM

    Riding horses and taking recreational drugs are not morally equivalent: one involves a person altering their own body chemistry in order to enjoy themselves while the other involves a person putting an animal in leather bonds and sitting on it in order to enjoy themselves. The prime minister has (allegedly) done both, perhaps he has an opinion on their equivalence, moral or otherwise.

  • LuisEnrique

    19 June 2012 2:42PM

    not only that but a state monopoly on cannabis production and wholesale supply would knock billions off the deficit. Come on George, here's your silver bullet.

  • bodders78

    19 June 2012 2:44PM

    A community with its member's minds habitually addled by psychoactive substances, risks negative consequences for everyone

    Do you actually open your eyes as you wonder this planet....the extent to which drugs are used is quite alarming. And guess what......most of them you don't even realise are high.

    Horse-riding may well be potentially more dangerous (to the rider at least) than taking ecstasy, but at least the dangers are localised.

    And on your first point, Dr Nutt mentioned the harm done by horse riders on the open road. That may be localised, it is also indiscriminate. I wouldn't like to be unluckily in that locale. I have, however, been in many nightclubs in very localised situations with ecstasy users and never felt threatened.

  • thacksaw

    19 June 2012 2:44PM

    Imagine the boost to international Tourism if pot cafe/shops were introduced....good source of foreign exchange earnings.

  • LiamMcCaffrey

    19 June 2012 2:44PM

    It's so sad that Nutt was branded a nut and then removed from Government. The man simply asks people to think rationally about drug policy.

    As for the morality of drug use, I happen to think that personal use is amoral: how exactly can someone choosing to smoke a joint or bomb some MD ever become a moral issue for others?

    The miseducation of the masses and the prohibition of mostly safe substances is immoral for this is the catalyst to the majority of drug-related harm. If young people keep hearing lies about soft drugs like cannabis and MDMA, they're not going to listen when they hear that a substance has the potential to genuinely cause harm like heroin or crack cocaine. Furthermore, if a substance is potentially harmful, how is forcing the supply into the hands of criminals going to make it any safer?

    Finally, it seems a rather significant breach of the principles of free trade to legislate the country into a drug monopoly.

  • JohnnyVodka

    19 June 2012 2:45PM

    Horse-riding may well be potentially more dangerous (to the rider at least) than taking ecstasy, but at least the dangers are localised. A community with its member's minds habitually addled by psychoactive substances, risks negative consequences for everyone .

    So by using MDMA on an occasional weekend (note it stops working if used too often, one of its plus points) I bestow negative consequences on my community. What would these be? Do you know anything about MDMA and the push to make it available for psychotherapy? It's an amazing chemical if used fairly wisely and I'd rather be in a club full of people on MDMA than on booze.

    Nutt talks sense. Shame it always falls on deaf ears.

  • Lightfinger

    19 June 2012 2:45PM

    I note there is condemnation of his comments, even his peers distancing themselves.

    But no disagreement on rational grounds. How about it it Guardian ? Ask Mario Dunn why, "no responsible government would have David Nutt as a drugs adviser".

    Ask the Tory MP's why he's being irresponsible ?

    Surely they can and should explain their comments ?

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