Kathryn Hansen / NASA
Arctic melt ponds visited during a July 2011 expedition on the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Healy gave scientists a chance to find "windows from the sky to the ocean" that are perfect for phytoplankton blooms.
Experts were shocked to find a thick, 60-mile-long "phytoplankton megabloom" under Arctic sea ice, announcing in a study Thursday that ice made thinner by warming temperatures has, for now at least, created ideal conditions for the microscopic, single-cell plants to flourish.
More blooms are likely hidden under the ice, making for "ecological shifts" in Arctic waters that favor some species over others since phytoplankton are the base of the marine food chain, Stanford professor and lead researcher Kevin Arrigo told msnbc.com.
Scientists had thought Arctic phytoplankton blooms only happened after sea ice melted in summer, so the discovery is "like finding the Amazon rainforest in the middle of the Mojave Desert," added Paula Bontempi, who manages the ocean biology program at NASA, which funded the research.
"The waters literally looked like pea soup," Arrigo said at a press conference announcing the study in the journal Science. "It was as thick as a 5-year-old child is tall."
The team discovered the bloom in July 2011 in thin sea ice pocketed with ponds of melted ice on the Chukchi Sea off northern Alaska. Arctic sea ice has been shrinking and thinning in summer since 1979, the result of warming temperatures over the region.
Those melt ponds proved crucial, allowing just enough light to get the growth process started while also protecting the algae from ultraviolet radiation.
"They were the windows from the sky to the ocean," said researcher Don Perovic, an ice scientist with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
"If I were a phytoplankton," Perovic added, "that's where I'd want to live."
Arrigo said in his 25 years of studying phytoplankton blooms he had never seen one this large. Blooms in open water are much smaller, he noted, while very thick ice won't allow any light in to start photosynthesis.
"It's going to be a more productive system," Arrigo said, noting that plankton bottom feeders will benefit as the plankton sinks to the bottom of the Chukchi, much of which is around 160 feet deep.
Is this the laziest walrus colony ever? One World One Ocean's Shaun MacGillivray talks with TODAY.com's Dara Brown about this YouTube clip and his film "To The Arctic."
The researchers didn't expect Arctic sea ice to disappear completely, since winters are still very cold, but they did note some potential downsides.
Some fish species that rely on mid-level nutrients will suffer, Arrigo said, and the bigger issue is that a warming Arctic appears to be triggering phytoplankton blooms earlier.
Species that can't adapt "to be there at the right time of year" will suffer, Arrigo said.
NASA funded the expedition as a way to match the satellite-based data it gathers on the Arctic with data gathered on the ice.
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I am not a religious person, but I think one day soon, the oceans will get a massive toxic bloom from our pollution killing everything, then we will all die.
Thanks for telling us you don't go to a synagogue every week, but what does that have to do with anything in this story?
mojo you are quite sarcastic......
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i like that
Global warming is still a myth. It always will be.
zipperthecat I agree. The one thing I am wondering is what my Grandchildren will grow up into. Our lifestyle is changing so much since the last 70 years and I don't really think the planet is growing with us. I wonder what the next planet we inhabit lifespan will be??
zipperthecat- I couldn't agree more. And, for those naysayers and sarcastic statements; those who reject global warming, or ignore one's right to express themselves in their own way? Take heed.
Much of the warming it is related to the natural progression of things, but humankind has damaged this planet to the 'nth degree' and there's no way to recoup what has been lost.
I lived in Alaska for several decades. from the '70's to the 90's, and glaciers that were once there are gone forever and it only took one decade for that process to occur. Herds of Arctic animals are either diseased or ill; some of the disease never seen before. Unless we cease polluting and putrifying the waters, we are doomed.
Food for thought!
If I were a phytoplankton," Perovic added, "that's where I'd want to live
As this article is published, I am sure that the oil companies are finding ways to drill over there. They probaly are sending scouts already to find out if there is oil in the vecinity.
They have the honor of turning anything that lives into waste.
Keep believing that, Mark! And to prove your commitment to your belief, put all of your $$ into oceanfront property.
Zipper ol buddy; I hope that what I am about to say doesn,t make you do anything rash but we are all going to die. I check my birth certificate and I could not find a Guarantee.
I hope that Al Gore gets another $1M for being a BS'er and maybe when all this natural environmental shift is over , and we have been dead for like a million years, they'll expose the "pollution" nuts for what they are ..."sky is falling-ers!"
zipperthecat "I am not a religious person, but I think one day soon, the oceans will get a massive toxic bloom from our pollution killing everything, then we will all die."
The end of the World is near - just ask Al Gore.
I've a suggestion to keep you all occupied. Learn to swim. Mom's gonna fix it all soon. Mom's comin' round to put it back the way it ought to be. Learn to swim!
Awesome song.
I jammed it all the way to work today!
I have been listening to Undertow all week, had that one in about a month ago.
I had to go phishing after listening to you two! I caught this. I was in the Everglades at the time.
Awesome!!
I was Phishing in The Big Cyprus 1999-2000, as well. Bad To The Bone, Wilson. Thanks for the turn to better thoughts of better times!
FR surfing your way, deepSEA!
I can't wait for the deniers to begin posting their ignorant rants about this article. After all, they're convinced that 97% of climatologists around the world don't know anything about global warming.
"near" reacord levels.
So JackBNibmle1
Are you saying an increase in the base of the artic food chain is a bad thing?
They don't.
Hey, Mark Taft - what is your evidence for your stupid, idiotic statements about the science? Global warming is a proven scientific fact; you and the other naysayers have to come up with the evidence that it's not. The evidence that it exists is overwhelming, and the evidence that it's at least partially caused by human beings is extremely strong.
So, Mr. Taft - instead of idiotic statements, try providing me with some proof that "global warming is a myth" and that climate scientists don't know what they're talking about. If you can't do so, please shut the hell up.
An increase in the base of the Arctic food chain could trigger a big mess. It's like if the river near your city has an algal bloom and turns green for weeks on end. The existing ecosystem will be over, since the boom/bust cycles of algal blooms will deplete oxygen from the water and stress everything that needs more than a minimum amount of oxygen (O2) to live.
Jack...and the other 3% are paid off by vested interests who don't want limits on the things that are causing Global Warming.
And Mark the biggest fable I know is that you have a penis or a brain.
Mark, do your research. Ever heard of APCO Worldwide, TASSC(The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition), Exxon, Phillip Morris? APCO is a marketing firm specializing in the art of doubt. Hired by Phillip Morris to combat the negative image of tobacco. APCO wrote mission statements and helped start several "grassroots" organizations on behalf of Phillip Morris. Using this tactic, Phillip Morris could funnel money into a disinformation campaign casting doubt on whether tobacco is bad. One of the "grassroots" groups APCO started is TASSC. In addition to money from Phillip Morris, APCO encouraged all its pseudo-organizations to "seek other sources of funding".
TASSC did. If found another partner in Exxon, and several oil companies. Their product, doubt that the science behind AGW(anthropogenic(thats manmade) global warming), is not conclusive. In almost every source on the web or in literature, that tries to dispute AGW, the source of research or funding is tied in some way to these quasi-science groups, these false "grassroots" organizations. TASSC being the predominant player. Once false data is on one website, it gets copied and cited to others, many source back eventually to junkscience.com, a TASSC(among others) funded site. All of this info is public data, a few simple web searches shows how verifiable this is.
A 2010 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences -- the official publication of the United States National Academy of Sciences -- found that out of 1,372 climate researchers under review, approximately 97 to 98 percent of those actively publishing in the field said they believe human beings are causing climate change, which they term anthropogenic (i.e., man-made) climate change. It also concluded that "the relative climate expertise and scientific prominence" of the researchers unconvinced of man-made climate change are "substantially below that of the convinced researchers."
An earlier survey published in the 2009 issue of Eos -- a publication of the American Geophysical Union -- asked scientists from a wide range of disciplines (approximately 3,146): "Do you think human activity is a significant contributing factor in changing mean global temperatures?" Approximately 82 percent of the surveyed scientists answered yes to this question. Of those climate change specialists surveyed, 97.4 percent answered yes.
Excluding armchair climatologists, only including people, scientists, that actually know what they are talking about. There is more than consensus AGW is real.
I, for one, welcome our new planktonic overlords!
AHAHAHA!! that was awesome.
I accept the science of humans changing the atmospheric chemical composition through globalized industrialization. Much to my frustration and concern for future generations, the political reality is that there are so many ignorant Americans (some by choice, some by circumstance) it will take many years of violent and powerful weather, unusually hot summers, drought, and increasingly acidic oceans before today's ignorant are dead and more informed voters decide to take action. The problem is that so much more pollution will have been added to the atmosphere by then that the train of climate change will have already left the station and the seas will inevitably rise. What I don't understand is that we buy insurance for our lives, homes, autos, and other valuables but we don't place a value on our planet by paying for insurance just in case the science is correct.
For those of us who don’t like to be ignorant about the science of altering the atmosphere's chemistry, I suggest the following books with a brief quote from each:
I make these suggestions to help frame the science behind the issues associated with human-caused changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere. Many people seem ignorant of the science behind climate analysis and content to put their heads deeply into the sand. The defining characteristic of humanity, complex intelligence, is enhanced by a broad liberal education. Thomas Jefferson had this to say about higher education including science: “the university [of Virginia] would be ‘now qualified to raise its youth to an order of science unequalled in any other state; and this superiority will be greater from the free range of mind encouraged there, and the restraint imposed at other seminaries by the shackles of a domineering hierarchy and a bigoted adhesion to ancient habits.’” [from Thomas Jefferson, Willard Sterne Randall, 1993, page 588]
ZZzzzzzZZZZzzzzzz. too long.
The thing that concerns me the most is that , though the article mentions the bloom , the problem of the reduction in the O2 level in the area is not addressed. Sure, some organisms will have a field day with eating the growth, but, what is the current dynamic for O)2 exchange as a whole in the Artic ocean? We could have a die off, like the one that occurs in the Gulf coast , due to the enrichement of the water via the Mississippi from runoff... What species, larger species, will this effect? This could be a very bad situation for a delicate food chain..
Nice list, Mike, I'm sure the knownothings will be offended by it, along with the ADD dudes like nobody.
I simply don't understand how people still don't comprehend the carbon cycle. It is easy for the deniers to accept that volcanic eruptions can change the global temperature, but not humans. In 1 year, volcanoes on earth release ~300,000,000 tons of carbon into the atmosphere. In 1 year, via fossil fuels and deforestation, human release ~8,000,000,000 tons of carbon. Essentially, every year releasing 24 years worth of volcanic eruptions(a conservative figure), and the number is climbing. The last time in geologic history that this many "volcanoes"(albeit in our case artificial ones) erupted, we have extinction of 80%-90% of earth's species. I just don't see how people don't get this.
Here we go to put their false B.S. about man made Global Warming. It's a natural environmental happening. Mother Nature knows how to keep herself clean. So all you globalist can take your tax want to be and stick it
And pollution has NO EFFECT on the earth?
Get your head out your ...
It's a natural environmental happening. Mother Nature knows how to keep herself clean.
It sure does! Wait until hurricane season gets going. Scientis are predicitng at least one Category 5 hurricane this time around. Hopefully that will "clean" out your neigborhood.
I agree, mother nature does know how to keep herself clean, killing off the human race is probably her next defensive action.
There goes those evil,lying liberal,socialist,marxist,communist scientists with their global warming lies! My pastor told me the earth is 6000 years old and we are eagerly waiting for the Rapture! Science is all lies and all scientists are followers of satan!
Science is all lies and all scientists are followers of satan!
This is why the United States is turning into a third world country folks! Expect more of this rhetoric indoctrinated by the GOP, to keep turning this country into a gigantic cesspool by taking all the natural resources: timber and other things that will leave a "heaven"of a place for all of you.
Take a class into what Energy and science is, and stop posting these comments. It's embarrasing, because people all over the world reads them.
Tony, you got it about the Rapture. Can I have your car after the Rapture?
My pastor knows so much more then any scientist! He also talks to Jesus one on one! Science is evil! The work of the devil!
Global warming is actually the residual fires of Hell where all Liberals go! That's what my pastor told me! I believe everything he says!
Really Tony...Your pastor needs to go back to Elementary school and finish 5th grade.
If you are only writing sarcasm, PLEASE, pretty please, write that at the end of your comments. Many people are voting for your comments, and it is a scary thing to think that they actually BELIEVE them.
It is quite obvious he is being sarcastic. THose who cannot tell probably don't even know what the term means.
But you are correct any touch of subtlety is lost on the brainless neocons
TONYWARVET: Cite passage in the Bible that says the EARTH is only 6000 years old..
I'm hoping Tony is only joking. I'm fearing he is serious.
lol i like tony. he's funny. ^_^
tony is definitely joking. you can tell because he spelled everything correctly
suppose it's too much to hope that these plankton guys will produce lotsa O2 and suck up the C)2
Thanks for the levity, Tony. You left out the part about the nice oil companies providing us with unbiased information about the myth of global warming, though.
Hallelujah, Tony.
All we can do is laugh til we die!!
I taught Tony everything he knows!
Leatherneck:
Cite one passage in the Bible that is known to be factual, using a reference other than the Bible. We'll wait.
Unfortunately most people do not realize that heat is a catalyst for accelerating chemical and biological reactions. I fear that as the planet warms concentrations of toxins and the events they affect will progress at an ever increasing rate and we will start to see it causing extinction level events among many of the earths species. The trickle down effect will impact the food chain of the organisms dependent on them and cause a further reduction in plant and animal life on a global scale that can not turn to an alternate food supply. We are already beginning to see a shift in where particular foods can be grown as some regions become to hot while other regions become more environmentally friendly to food production. The problem with this is while weather conditions improve to support crop growth in some areas the soil may not contain the correct bio matter to produce the nutrients necessary to sustain crop growth in necessary quantities. This could lead to more expensive food costs due to the necessity to recondition the soil. If this trend continues we may areas of agriculture as well as seafood stocks shrinking at alarming rates impacting the over all availability of our food supply around the world with in the next 50 to 100 years. These conditions are already happening in areas such as Ethiopia, India, and Africa.
O_o are you posting this more than once??
You need to get an education, you idiots !
Of course global warming is man made ! Who are you to claim that it is not ?? Are you scientists ? I would guess not, with such low intellects !
Try going into a room and blow up smoke until you no longer see the light bulb..let me know how it feels. Pollution block the sun light, and earth warms up.. what about that is so difficult to understand ?? You people are truely stupid !
poodlefan007
Unfortunately most people do not realize that heat is a catalyst for accelerating chemical and biological reactions. I fear that as the planet warms concentrations of toxins and the events they affect will progress at an ever increasing rate and we will start to see it causing extinction level events among many of the earths species.
Toxins is referring to pollutants introduced by man that are impacting the environment as well as causing global warming. I am completely in agreement that these issues are caused by man.
does a hookah count?
An electric bong sounds more efficient.
lol!
Not that I would know, it is just that I have heard about such things when I go into the big city.
;) gotcha.
Earth bong sounds better, puts the carbon from the smoke directly back into the soil.
A wind turbine driven vaporizer, then brownies.
notsojingo, it is good to see your posts, and know you care about our Mother still. Hope all is well.
If I was going to use a bong, I would not use an electric one...I would use one powered by solar or even better wind energy.
There must be enough wind when they suckdown on those things. (From what I saw from one of my college roomette---the dopehead that I was living with for 2 weeks.
(FYI I don't do drugs or smoke or drink)
Also, the sun used to be yellow, it is now white ! WE humans are responsable for global warming and no one or nothing else ! What don't you understand ?? Every day millions of tons of CO2 are rejected into our atmosphere, and you do not question the effects of all this pollution? and you think humans are not responsable for the consequences ?? You are truely idiots !
The best you can do is shut it up !
The sun has always been white since it hit the phase of nuclear fusion it is currently at, it hasn't changed substantially in the last billion years and won't for at least the next billion to come, regardless of what we are doing here.
humans are responsible...humans and cows. don't forget the cows
Your last idea was you best.
i'd suggest poodle to chill, but that's probably not apropos when global warming is the topic, she didn't seem to get that the global warming deniers avoid actual science news articles (they jump in when global warming is a political story). she may have a point if the haze in the air from humidity and particulates fade the apparent color of the sun
You can never forget the cows...THose Republican woman sure can Moo
I am from the state of not so sky blue waters and I know what green crap does to the ecosystem and all life that depends on it. Do we want whales coming down with Swimmers Itch? I think not. Woe is us.
did you know i had to look up swimmers itch? tsk tsk. poor little city girl
stonepipe, i grew up there when the waters really were sky blue (really, deep blue) and I remember the Hamms beer commercial song. never had swimmers itch but have heard about it
Good afternoon, nobodysfool and SRM. Am sad to report a lot of the lakes are now green and you are lucky to see past your ankles. When traveling a lot of lakes have signs up saying "Beach Closed, Swimmers Itch" and it's a darn shame. This is the first time I have read about it in the ice, one more thing to give me gray hair I guess-on the plus side I still have hair.
LMAO!
Methane is 10 times the greenhouse gas that CO2 is...The permafrost is melting and scientists just recently are shocked at the amount of methane that is escaping as this happens. It blows huge holes in all the predictive models. Methane that has been trapped under frozen ground since the dinosaurs roamed the land is billowing out into the air people. I agree with the learn to swim theory, just not sure how I will survive the 1000 foot tsunami when the WAIC breaks lose all at once, which will probably sweep all the ice off of Greenland in a single day (or the other way around, take you pick). Yes mother nature has a way of cleansing herself in ways that reverse the problems (us being the problem that will be gone in an instant of geologic time).
like "the day after tomorrow" status?
I've got an idea!!!!!
Let's use 100 years of flawed climate data that we manipulate to suit our political agenda to raise a panic about "climate change" on a planet that is 3,000,000,000 years old as a minimum.
It will be brilliant! We can claim every year is , "THE WORST YEAR EVER!!!!!" AND GET THIS!! We can do it every year because we have no idea how bad the weather was 10,000 years ago, hell we don't know for sure how cold it got 400 years ago.
Best of all, we can demand everyone on earth subjugate themselves to us,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,we can call ourselves, "The Climate Lords" and make them beg us for permission to feed themselves or heat their homes. Wouldn't that be awesome?
We can claim we know everything beyond a shadow of a doubt and with no proof otherwise we can attack people who claim we are wrong.
We just have to remember to NEVER tell anyone, that the climate always changes! Heck, the earth was covered with a mile thick sheet of ice just 10,000 years ago, global warming probably ruined that as well.
go away paid my fee. you don't really want to learn any science.
We know exactly what the weather was like for the last 110,000 years...
link to this...
What I find most interesting is that the bottom of the ice on Greenland is only 110,000 years old, when sea levels were several hundred feet higher than they are today, on a planet that is 5,000,000,000 years old...
we know stuff about the 1600's too:
#1600-1800: Land abandonment in southeast Scotland (and a lot of other very detailed info about other places)
(if the link fails, it's climate4you(dot)com
Sure, the climate always changes. This is just the first time in it's history that it's preventable. So paidmyfee (you really haven't, you just think you paid), PLEASE GIVE UP ON SCIENCE. You and every one of your ilk, toss out those medications, drink that unpasturized milk and have your children stare at the sun. Go to a tall building and challenge the Law of Gravity. Experiment with F=MA usiong your car and various objects. Since Evolution violates Thermodynamics, so should setting your hair on fire! Go for it!
This scientist says its all in - want to deny science? Maybe you should be DENIED science then. See ya next time you would like power, light, food, or medication.
Which was at the end of a natural 30 year cooling cycle. As Earth went into the warming half of this natural 60 year cycle it only makes sense that ice would decrease. I happen to remember well the hype in the 1970s about the "next ice age" and 'global cooling" because the media and many scientists went bonkers toward the end of the 30 years cooling period. Then as the 30 years of warming started the media and many scientists again went bonkers over "global warming".
Arctic sea ice has been recovering since 2007. Last Fall Arctic sea ice refroze 40% faster than normal. This year Bering Sea ice was up 25-35%. This summer Arctic deep sea drilling will be delayed 2 at least 2 weeks because there is more ice than normal.
All of this points to the fact that the Earth is again entering the natural cooling cycle.
People worried over warming but this Spring (regardless of what NOAA says) it has been cold weather that has hurt crops like apples in Ontario, blueberries in Maine and bananas in the tropics.
And during the cooling decades of the 50s, 60s and 70s there were more violent tornadoes than in the last 30 warming years. And tropical cyclone numbers also trended downward during the last 30 warming years.
Natural warming is nothing compared to natural cooling. Of course I'm sure the media and the grant sucking scientists will switch gears again and this time blame the cooling on man just like they blamed the warming.
I always expect global warming articles to bring the anti-science delusional conservatives out of the woodwork to display their world class ignorance. Thanks for meeting expectations.
You don't remember so well. The "hype" in the 70's was confined to a few speculative articles in popular science magazines. So poof goes your theory.
anytime you see "regardless of what the world best weather agency says...." look for blowing smoke. Thanks for the laugh, killer.
Does Al Gore eat plankton?
And may as well give him another Nobel.
A couple of Blue Whales passing through or a nice school of Cod could clean all this up, and probably enjoy it while they do.
Mark
You need to quit watching FOX. Global warming is real and it is in part man made. If you doubt that, try reading and learning. Not listening to FOX propaganda. I have actually talked to the scientists and know them personally, my late husband was a scientist and so I have the privelege of knowing these very good people. The only controversy is the one created by FOX and other idiot news (I use the term jokingly) people.
Hell even George Bush's Administration admitted Global Warming was real
http://news.mongabay.com/2008/0530-bush.html
So has Exxon
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16593606/ns/us_news-environment/t/exxon-cuts-ties-global-warming-skeptics/#.T9PrZGjnvao
It's not global warming. It is global weirding. It is more than likely caused by something some scientists did. I know it wasn't caused by politicians, on account we've got lots of proof that they don't do anything.
Regardless of who or what did it- how far inland and how high do we have to be for say the next 100 years to be safe?
Should only lose Miami, New York, Houston, etc in that time frame. Low estimates are 10ish feet of rise in 50-100 years, high estimates are speculative. If you melt all the ice on land, its going be a lot more than that, 10x more than that.
If all the ice on the planet melted the seas would rise 215 feet.
Scientist's, who think they know so much, yet know so little. God bless them
Religious Folks - Guided by stone age pamphleteers and superstiton for over 5000 years running - the greatest bane humanity has ever known!
Hey, where is that Jesus dude? He said he was coming back in a human lifetime, right? Glad scientists are in charge of keeping time!
Oh, ya, lets thank them for that germ theory of disease. Because without science, your priest would need to pray over your deamon-caused cancer.
Climate changes, species changes and life style changes will continue to the end of time. As a species on this great planet we still do not have a clue what is going on, we do have a lot of documentation on what has been going on the last 150 years, but that's not even a blink compare to the age of this planet. If we are making the changes or the earth makes its own changes. Is the human race making changes now, for sure we are. We evolving at a very fast pace in technology. Is this making us better or the planet better? I would say No. When my grandmother passed away in 2001 at age 91 she was concerned what would people do if they had to revert to living off the land and we lost all of these nice conveniences we have now. Rural areas would probably survive, but a lot of people in Metro areas would be chaos. Just take note of what is happening is it us or just the planet earth making its own changes. I would say us and planet earth will make her own changes to compensate for what we are doing.
.