Astronomers have announced the discovery of the two biggest black holes ever seen, each one around 300m light years from Earth and with a combined mass equivalent to more than 30bn Suns.
- The Doomsday Handbook: 50 Ways to the End of the World
- by Alok Jha
- Buy it from the Guardian bookshop
- Tell us what you think: Star-rate and review this book
These cosmological objects are some of the strangest in our known universe, where the laws of physics seem to break down and space gets very strange. One thing we know, however, is that getting close to one is a bad idea.
Black holes begin as giant stars (at least six times the mass of our Sun) and, after billions of years they collapse in on themselves into a point smaller than the full-stop at the end of this sentence. Nothing nearby can escape the pull of the resulting gravity.
Even at some distance outside the edge, it would take all the effort in the universe to resist getting pulled into orbit around the hole. Closer still, because of the sharp rate of increase of the forces, if your head was nearer the hole than your feet, the atoms in your hair would feel a stronger force than those in your toes. This difference would quickly tear you apart, turning you into a spaghetti-like line of atoms.
But a black hole would not need to suck the Earth in to cause us trouble. If one wandered within a billion miles of our solar system, its gravity could knock the Earth into a dangerous elliptical path around the Sun, where winters would drop to -50C and summers would reach hundreds of degrees Celsius. Or, if one knocked us out of the solar system, our planet would wander through deep space. Without our Sun, life on Earth would freeze to death within months.
There are probably more than 10m dead stars in the Milky Way that could be candidates for black holes, but the chances of our solar system running into one of them is small, because space is vast. Who knows how many planets have been destroyed in the vicious maw of a black hole, but it is safe to say that they were the extremely unlucky ones.
Alok Jha is the author of The Doomsday Handbook: 50 Ways to the End of the World (Quercus, £9.99)
Comments
11 December 2011 9:46PM
I would say it takes just some days - if there were days without a sun.
Are you going to publish your book here step by step?
11 December 2011 10:44PM
Wow "super-massive black holes in galactic cores" shock exposure...
... for heaven's sake, it's hardly a slow news day!
11 December 2011 10:55PM
Spaghetti?
11 December 2011 11:02PM
"But a black hole would not need to suck the Earth in to cause us trouble. If one wandered within a billion miles of our solar system".
Why if?
11 December 2011 11:04PM
If you have trouble imagining everything being sucked in to nothingness, just think of the Euro in six months time........................................................
11 December 2011 11:08PM
'Without our Sun, life on Earth would freeze to death within months.'
You're joking, aren't you?
11 December 2011 11:10PM
I just discovered two of the quietest silences ever heard!
11 December 2011 11:19PM
Most things in the universe move as steadily as a clockwork. But not all of them. There also are always some ricochets, some turbulences. You can't be absolutely sure about what happens.
11 December 2011 11:28PM
" Black holes begin as giant stars (at least six times the mass of our Sun) and, after billions of years they collapse in on themselves into a point smaller than the full-stop at the end of this sentence" Really? To quote "Black holes of stellar mass are expected to form when massive stars collapse in a supernova at the end of their life cycle. After a black hole has formed it can continue to grow by absorbing mass from its surroundings. By absorbing other stars and merging with other black holes, supermassive black holes of millions of solar masses may be formed.
Does this happen with full stops?
11 December 2011 11:48PM
Is it just me, or does this article suffer a lack of both scientific and journalistic rigour?
= both
'Cosmological', 'known universe' and 'space' are weasel words in this context.
Some distance? This can vary greatly depending on the mass of the black hole. And do you mean the event horizon?
I don't think it would take all the effort in the universe (whatever that means), especially if you hadn't crossed the EH.
Forces? Do you means that gravity increases hugely?
Like if you did a handstand on Earth.
This was cliche in the 70s (although some bores use noodles), and is quite an understatement of what would happen.
Non sequitur.
I give up.
How on Earth can someone mangle a mere 350-word article quite so badly. Give me a call some time Grauniad; I'll write you something better for free.
12 December 2011 12:08AM
First two paragraphs - news?
The rest - cut and paste from a book? The content of which is an insult to my intelligence, not expected from The Guardian.
12 December 2011 12:08AM
Thanks for that cheerful read.
12 December 2011 12:19AM
I like the idea of being stringed into a line of atoms...
12 December 2011 12:27AM
No. For an object like a sun to become a black hole, its' radius must shrink to its' Schwarzschild radius.
If earth became a black hole it would need to shrink to have a radius of 9 mm, our sun 3 kilometres. The super massive black hole at the centre of the milky way, has a radius of 13.3 million kilometres. Which is bigger than the full-stop at the end of this sentence.
We only notice the big black holes. If a black hole the size of a full stop passed through our solar system, we wouldn't notice it.
I'd say most life would freeze to death within a few days. We'd probably all freeze to death within the first day (or night - as there just would be night). Some of the seas might stay liquid under the ice - life around the underwater volcanic vents would go on.
12 December 2011 12:31AM
spaghetti? is this article aimed at complete berks?
space is vast indeed. jesus wept.
12 December 2011 12:31AM
The inside of a Black Hole is somewhat akin to the Magic Roundabout.
You'll see a stoned rabbit, a hairy dog and a snail wearing a hat.
12 December 2011 12:32AM
I'm not entirely sure why I said "hairy dog". Perhaps I just wanted to make it clear that the dogs were not shaved. hmm.
12 December 2011 12:33AM
If it was a spinning black hole before you got anywhere near the event horizon, you would have been atomised into hot gas. Most of you would be sucked into the black hole and some of you would be spun so fast, you would fuse into other elements, like gold, and then be shot out into space at near the speed of light.
12 December 2011 12:59AM
zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz.........................
12 December 2011 2:11AM
In response to:
"DrewGold
11 December 2011 11:48PM
Is it just me, or does this article suffer a lack of both scientific and journalistic rigour?"
Hello DrewGold,
Personally, I don't give a wotsit about "scientific & journalistic rigour" , . they are things that ........you would probably find in NEW SCIENTIST, if that's what you're after.
I liked this article because I LEARNED SOMETHING NEW that I didn't know before, & because it was WELL WRITTEN, in an INTERESTING way, very similar, in fact, to GOOD TEACHING...........something which...........
Those who are OBSESSED with things like "SCIENTIFIC RIGOUR/JOURNALISTIC RIGOUR are often totally useless at & THUS present their SUBJECT in a VERY BORING WAY
12 December 2011 2:23AM
These BLACK HOLES remind me a lot of those old films I used to watch on the telly in the 60's and 70's, in which PEOPLE were SUCKED into DEADLY BOGS & they just COULD NOT STOP SINKING!
Scarey but fascinating!
12 December 2011 2:48AM
This story sucks.
12 December 2011 3:40AM
You don't care about scientific and journalistic rigour? In an article about science, you don't think those things are important? So, what you are saying is that you don't care whether the information you read in your newspaper is accurate or whether it is presented in a clear comprehensible way. So why bother reading anything at all? Just make it up. The moon is made of marmalade! Yeah!! The Higg's Boson is actually a jaffa cake! Woo! Is it true? Who cares??
It's funny that you then go on to say you liked the article because you learned something new today. As has been pointed out by others, you've actually been exposed to a small amount of inaccurate badly presented information and so have actually learnt nothing new.
As a side note, when you spell a word in capitals, it implies that you are shouting. Try reading your comment and shouting the words in capital letters and see how sensible it sounds.
12 December 2011 3:43AM
Isn't Time itself a black hole into which everything is falling? Regardless of apparent change, i.e. the universe evolving, the wave patterns of matter remain the same, these wave patterns being like the DNA of the universe. Some suggest that these wave patterns are preserved, smeared 2 dimensionally at the mouth of the vortex by the gravitational winds pulling all matter, time and space into it. Memory itself can only be wave patterns which we retrieve to give ourselves consistency. As one slips down the funnel towards the black hole, due to the exponential and infinite rise in gravity, physical information becomes smeared across the surface of its crushing gravitational whirlwind. A trace would be left at the edge, which itself would become infinitely thin; universal knowledge preserved two-dimensionally, a page of all recorded time in the book of cosmic forgetting. A ghost, a spirit, a phantom. Then what? Cosmic remembering?
12 December 2011 3:43AM
If a black hole is a collapsed star, then initially it will have the same mass as the original star, albeit occupying a smaller volume. Anything in orbit around it would then presumably continue to orbit around it.
As stars are much more numerous than black holes, shouldn’t we be more concerned about one of them knocking the earth out of orbit?
12 December 2011 3:57AM
Black Holes are really soooo yesterday. But, Mr Higgs-Bosun has turned up in my front room, trying to distract me from watching the American Football...F"ck Off.,
12 December 2011 4:11AM
Strangely no one ever explains where the extra gravity comes from. The simple act of a star collapsing doesn't increase it's mass so there can be no increase in gravity.
This is pathetic alarmist, ignorant, reporting.
The size of the star changes but not it's gravitational effect. Therefore it is no more of a hoover than before.
12 December 2011 6:14AM
Wow, that sounds like one hell of a ride! Alton Towers eat your heart out...
12 December 2011 6:19AM
DrewGold - no, it's not just you. This article is hopelessly poorly researched and written and can only misinform its' readership. I'm not sure whether Alok Jha or Charlie Brooker wins the prize for funniest article this Monday.
- you missed "edge", by the way. Edge of what, a toasted crumpet a billion miles wide?
Anyway, this article is about what exactly? Two massive black holes have been discovered (but not seen, since you can't see them - they're black, don't you know), duhh... and that's it. So why don't we get Alok to write a scary piece about these whatchamacallits and he can promote his new book which is about scary (cosmological - nice big word) things. Just the thing for your Crimble stocking - just don't fall into it, right?
12 December 2011 6:57AM
In response to:
"robinr22
12 December 2011 3:40AM
Response to chocolata3100, 12 December 2011 2:11AM
You don't care about scientific and journalistic rigour? In an article about science, you don't think those things are important? So, what you are saying is that you don't care whether the information you read in your newspaper is ACCURATE or whether it is presented in a clear comprehensible way. So why bother reading anything at all? Just make it up."
Hello ROBINR22
In fact , ALL SCIENCE is SCIENCE FICTION. (& almost as thrilling)
NO SCIENCE can be said to be ACCURATE, as such.
We only create our LAWS OF SCIENCE etc, based on the little we know.
We can't be SURE about ANYTHING.
For example, nobody has ever actually SEEN MAGNETISM, what it IS can only be GUESSED from its VISIBLE EFFECTS.
12 December 2011 7:14AM
Wow. Wo that's what they look like. Spectacular.
12 December 2011 7:20AM
The NIGHT SKY looks so wonderfully CHRISTMASSY, with all those glittery, twinkling STARS, how lovely it is.
12 December 2011 7:23AM
The NIGHT SKY is so BIG & TWINKLY.
Take care! Mind you don't fall into it!
12 December 2011 7:26AM
TWINKLE TWINKLE LITTLE STAR
HOW I WONDER WHAT YOU ARE
12 December 2011 7:37AM
I expect other forms of long, thin foodstuffs are available.
Just that culturally we are more used to spaghetti.
Noodles would be good or (my own favourite) cheese strings.
Is spaghetti too thick - should it be vermicelli?
Could it even be like the mozarella strings from a pizza?
It's this sort of inaccuracy that really bugs me with some articles. More research is required, sod all this 'LHC' and 'Higgs' nonsense -- we need real answers to real questions!
12 December 2011 7:40AM
Usually some rather uninviting and unhealthy exotic forms of radiation which would give a nice tan from several million miles away.
12 December 2011 7:45AM
Well, you're defining the 'radius' of the black hole as that of its event horizon, but the article is clearly talking about the matter inside the black hole, which becomes a singularity.
12 December 2011 8:01AM
I think this article got too near a black hole. What you are witnessing is journalistic spaghettification.
12 December 2011 8:01AM
interesting about life lasting a while without the sun. a quick google seems to back this up.
12 December 2011 8:01AM
There's a much bigger third Black Hole looming to effectively swallow us all and the other two black holes too : The American Debt.
12 December 2011 8:05AM
Because IT has no sex. A least not these type of black holes. Unless IT derives some sort of kinky pleasure from swallowing.
12 December 2011 8:08AM
Author is merely plugging his book.
But it provided some entertaining comments...
12 December 2011 8:25AM
What a piss-poor article, designed to shift copies of a piss-poor book.
12 December 2011 8:36AM
Competition for the bankers then. Which can suck our money away fastest?
12 December 2011 8:50AM
Oh, I see. You're trolling. Oh well.
I could give you the whole "of course science isn't science fiction" spiel and explain how the scientific method has utterly shaped the world around us, and how your statement that science can't be sure about anything is essentially nonsense and the same argument used by supporters of intelligent design, and that no one has ever seen the centre of the earth yet we are pretty sure it's there, yaddah yaddah yaddah and so on.
But you're just trolling, so what's the point.
12 December 2011 9:17AM
Higg apostrophe s ?
12 December 2011 9:18AM
?
I think you have a black hole attached to your possessive!
12 December 2011 9:18AM
If you want a really super-massive black hole, try my son's bedroom. Nothing that goes into it is ever seen again. Trust me.
12 December 2011 9:19AM
In response to:
"robinr22
12 December 2011 3:40AM
Response to chocolata3100, 12 December 2011 2:11AM
You don't care about scientific and journalistic rigour? In an article about science, you don't think those things are important? So, what you are saying is that you don't care whether the information you read in your newspaper is ACCURATE
or whether it is presented in a clear comprehensible way. So why bother reading anything at all? Just make it up. The moon is made of marmalade! Yeah!! The Higg's Boson is actually a jaffa cake! Woo! Is it true? Who cares??"
Hello ROBINR22,
How do YOU know that all that stuff they told you is ACCURATE? Maybe they made it all UP? Or maybe they made a mistake. Only GOD really knows the TRUTH .
"So why bother reading anything at all?" you ask. Well, because all SCIENCE FICTION is quite thrilling
12 December 2011 9:32AM
Whatever mental drugs chocolata3100 is on, I want some.