2011: the year in data, journalism (and charts)

What were the data stories of 2011? Which figures gripped the headlines and defined the year? Find our top data stories of the year

New map of the world
2011: the year in data. The world got a new country, South Sudan, and a new map of the world. Click here to explore it

What were the headline figures of 2011? Which numbers defined the highs and lows of a news-filled year? From Occupy to the tensions of the eurozone and the riots across England, the Datablog has covered it all. Here is our look back at the year in data.

30

30 workers at Fuskushima power plant had been exposed to radiation over 100msv by May 30 after a Tsunami destroyed the Fukushima plant's safety systems. The recommended maximum limit in one year is 100 msv and a full-body CT scan will expose you to 10msv. Levels reached 400 msv in the first days of the disaster with two workers having received "between 200mSv and 580mSv".

A worker inside the No 1 reactor building at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant A worker inside the No 1 reactor building at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Photograph: AP

48%

The youth unemployment rate in Spain at 48% is the worst in Europe. Over a million 16-24-year-olds are unemployed in the UK now, the increasing rate of youth unemployment means that we are catching up with the rest of Europe which has had high youth unemployment for a while.

52%

The increase in the interest rate Italy has to pay on the bonds sold to cover its debt is 52%. The way governments borrow money is by selling bonds - the interest rate, or "yield", is set when the debt is auctioned.

This matters because as a country the higher the rate you have to sell your bonds at, the more you'll have to pay back. In short, the lower the figure the better

€10,125,117,000,000

The amount owed by Europe's governments in October 2011 was €10,125,117,000,000. That's a European average of 80.9% of GDP. But that figure hides a lot of variation: Greece, at the top, owes 151.9%, followed by Italy at 121.4%. The UK is just below average at 80.1%.

3,927

England riot arrests interactive England riot arrests interactive. Click image to explore data

Following the events of the August riots, 3,927 people were arrested during one of the biggest riots England has ever seen with disturbances recorded in London, Birmingham, Manchester amongst others. The arrests were mostly for theft and other 'aquisitive' crimes. In London, the rioters were much more consumerist than in other parts of the country. So, in Croydon, looting was 73% of offences, in Liverpool, 75% of offences were criminal damage.

2.2

The average person accused of a riot-related offence travelled 2.2 miles from home to the riots in England during August 2011. Guardian analysis carried out during the 'Reading the Riots' research, showed that the distance varied between cities - in Manchester, the average from home to offence location was 2.8 miles whereas in Peckham it was 1.5 miles. The animation shown above illustrates the routes taken by the 'riot commuters'.

Link to this video

951

According to the Occupy movement there were 951 Occupy protests in 82 countries on one day in October 2011.

Larger version

Using Google fusion tables, we mapped all the protest sites including those sent to us by our users.

46.2m

Over 46m people live in poverty in the United States, that's one in seven Americans - up 2.6m on the previous year. That figure is reckoned to be an underestimate - new estimates from the US Census Bureau say it is nearer 49m. 22.7% of the population of Mississippi live in poverty, the highest rate in the country.

US poverty interactive map US poverty interactive map. Click the image to explore it

99%

Is it really 99% v 1%? It has become the rallying cry of the Occupy Wall Street movement - and the Occupy protests around the world. But is it true?

This is the data behind this animation, produced by Guardian interactive designer Mariana Santos. And that data does show some people have done better out of America's economic booms of the last 20 years than others.

Link to this video

When Americans are asked how US wealth is distributed, they think the very richest fifth should own up to 40% of the national wealth - and that includes 90% of Republicans surveyed. In fact, that richest group owns 85% of the nation's wealth. Those surveyed also thought the bottom 120 million people should own around 10% of the national wealth. The reality: 0.3%

7bn

The United Nations (UN) created a news flurry as they predicted the world population would hit 7bn by the end of 2011. World population has expanded rapidly - in 1950 it was just over 2bn and it is set to reach 10bn in the next 90 years according to the UN's population estimates.

£14,743

The median salary in Dwyfor Meirionnydd, Wales is £14,743- the lowest in the country. That compares to the median salary for a full-time UK worker – the rate at which half of UK's employees earn more, and half less – of £26,244 in 2011, 1.4% higher than 2010.

Heat map wages Heat map of wages in England, Wales and Scotland. Click here for the full graphic

Once the country's 5.8 million part-time workers are factored into the picture, though, salaries increased just 0.5% year-on-year, to £21,326.

672 Libyans

Over 600 Libyans applied for asylum in the UK in 2011 - up from only 65 the year before. Something similar happened with Syria too, but on a smaller scale (129 applications in the third quarter of 2011 compared to 28 in the third quarter of 2010)In 2010, Iranians made the most asylum applications - 10% of the 17,916 total; in 2009, it was Zimbabweans.

The figures also show that net migration to the UK is at a high - not least because the number of people emigrating is at the lowest it's been since the 1990s.

$1.14trillion

The amount of US debt owned by China - the biggest foreign owner of US Treasury Bonds. As of autumn this year, US Treasury bonds owned overseas accounted for $4.7tn of the national debt - up 8% on last year. That's not everything - the US now owes over $14tn in total.

Fullscreen version

52%

Of all of the workers in Copeland, Lake District, 52% work in the public sector - the highest percentage in the UK. Twelve local authorities across the UK employ over a quarter of the local workforce. 20% of the workforce are in the public sector now, down from a high of 23.1% in 1992 when the records began.

11,057

The US government has requested information on 11,057 Google users in the first six months of 2011 - almost equal to the number of requests made by 25 other developed countries, including the UK and Russia. Governments around the world requested private data on about 25,440 people.

£395,579,600

Middle East arms sales graphic Middle East arms sales. Click image to explore the data

Licenses for arms sales granted from the UK to the Arab spring countries in the Middle East and North Africa in the year before revolutions gripped the region.

14,202 strike sorties

Over 14,000 strike sorties were carried out by Nato aircraft over Libya in 2011. The attacks have hit over 3,000 targets - the bulk of them (716) in Tripoli, followed by 492 in Brega.

Nato attacks in Libya interactive Nato attacks in Libya: key targets, day by day. Click here for the full interactive

Nato classifies the biggest number, 304, as ammunition dumps, with nearly 100 tanks and 55 rocket launchers struck. Nato ships have also stopped over 3,000 vessels and boarded another 250 while enforcing the arms embargo.

502


The new number of Westminster constituency seats in England under plans announced by the government and published by the Boundary Commission. Initial analysis by the Guardian data team showed that the Conservatives could have been within striking distance of an overall majority had the 2010 general election been held under England's new boundaries. The Labour party could have netted 14 fewer seats, the Liberal Democrats 10 fewer, while the Conservatives, who dominate England, might have lost just six seats. The UK's only Green MP, Caroline Lucas, would not have been able to win her seat, according to the preliminary figures.

Boundary changes: the new constituencies and how they might have voted Boundary changes: the new constituencies and how they might have voted. Click image to get explore the map Photograph: Guardian

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Comments

3 comments, displaying oldest first

  • This symbol indicates that that person is The Guardian's staffStaff
  • This symbol indicates that that person is a contributorContributor
  • lxy001

    30 December 2011 12:57PM

    Come on, isn't 90% of data in Guardian out of date, inaccurate or misleading

  • undersinged

    2 January 2012 3:20AM

    30

    30 workers at Fuskushima power plant had been exposed to radiation over 100msv by May 30 after a Tsunami destroyed the Fukushima plant's safety systems. The recommended maximum limit in one year is 100 msv and a full-body CT scan will expose you to 10msv. Levels reached 400 msv in the first days of the disaster with two workers having received "between 200mSv and 580mSv".

    This is your choice of headline datum? This is the most interesting number of the year, and the most interesting you found in connection with the earthquake and tsunami that hit Japan in 2011? Are you sure?

    How about these: six nuclear plants were hit by the tsunami and earthquake, and had to shut down as per safety protocol. Out of these, one plant suffered serious damage when the shutdown process went wrong, with three reactors in the plant suffering gas explosions and meltdown, and though two workers were killed at the plant by the tsunami itself, none so far have suffered either death or serious injury as a result of the meltdown. There was also the case of one very elderly resident of the vicinity who chose to commit suicide rather than endure evacuation.

    Meanwhile, in contrast to the above single-digit numbers, the Tsunami and Earthquake generated some awe-inspiring and heart-breaking statistics, none of which you bothered to mention:

    The 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tohoku (Japanese: 東北地方太平洋沖地震 (Tōhoku chihō Taiheiyō oki jishin?)),[6] also known as the 2011 Tohoku earthquake,[7] or the Great East Japan Earthquake,[8][9] (Japanese: "Eastern Japan Great Earthquake Disaster" (東日本大震災 Higashi Nihon Daishinsai?)[fn 1]) was a magnitude 9.0 (Mw) undersea megathrust earthquake off the coast of Japan that occurred at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) on Friday, 11 March 2011,[2][3][10] with the epicenter approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku and the hypocenter at an underwater depth of approximately 32 km (20 mi).[2][11] It was the most powerful known earthquake ever to have hit Japan, and one of the five most powerful earthquakes in the world since modern record-keeping began in 1900.[10][12][13] The earthquake triggered powerful tsunami waves that reached heights of up to 40.5 metres (133 ft) in Miyako in Tōhoku's Iwate Prefecture,[14][15] and which, in the Sendai area, travelled up to 10 km (6 mi) inland.[16] The earthquake moved Honshu 2.4 m (8 ft) east and shifted the Earth on its axis by estimates of between 10 cm (4 in) and 25 cm (10 in).[17][18][19]

    ...

    The Japanese National Police Agency confirmed 15,842 deaths,[4][5] 5,890 injured,[4][5] and 3,485 people missing[4][5] across eighteen prefectures, as well as over 125,000 buildings damaged or destroyed.[4][5] The earthquake and tsunami caused extensive and severe structural damage in Japan, including heavy damage to roads and railways as well as fires in many areas, and a dam collapse.[16][23] Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan said, "In the 65 years after the end of World War II, this is the toughest and the most difficult crisis for Japan."[24] Around 4.4 million households in northeastern Japan were left without electricity and 1.5 million without water.[25]

    Early estimates placed insured losses from the earthquake alone at US$14.5 to $34.6 billion.[26] The Bank of Japan offered ¥15 trillion (US$183 billion) to the banking system on 14 March in an effort to normalize market conditions.[27] The World Bank's estimated economic cost was US$235 billion, making it the most expensive natural disaster in world history.[28][29]

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami

  • undersinged

    2 January 2012 3:31AM

    magnitude 9.0 (Mw)

    most powerful known earthquake ever to have hit Japan, and one of the five most powerful earthquakes in the world since modern record-keeping began in 1900

    tsunami waves that reached heights of up to 40.5 metres (133 ft) ...and... travelled up to 10 km (6 mi) inland

    The earthquake moved Honshu 2.4 m (8 ft) east and shifted the Earth on its axis by estimates of between 10 cm (4 in) and 25 cm (10 in).

    15,842 deaths
    5,890 injured
    3,485 people missing
    across eighteen prefectures
    over 125,000 buildings damaged or destroyed

    insured losses from the earthquake alone... US$14.5 to $34.6 billion

    estimated economic cost was US$235 billion, making it the most expensive natural disaster in world history


    ...and none of this was interesting to the blog author?

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