Tropical Cyclone Naming History and Retired Names
Reason to Name Hurricanes
Experience shows that the use of short, distinctive names in
written as well as spoken communications is quicker and less subject to error
than the older, more cumbersome latitude-longitude
identification methods. These advantages are especially
important in exchanging detailed storm information between
hundreds of widely scattered stations, coastal bases, and ships at
sea.
The use of easily remembered names greatly reduces confusion
when two or more
tropical storms occur at the same time. For example, one hurricane can
be moving slowly westward in the Gulf of Mexico, while at exactly
the same time another hurricane can be moving rapidly northward along
the Atlantic coast. In the past, confusion and false rumors have arisen
when storm advisories broadcast from radio stations were mistaken for warnings
concerning an entirely different storm located hundreds of miles away.
Can I have a tropical cyclone named for me?
History of Hurricane Names
For several hundred years many hurricanes in the West Indies
were named after the particular saint's day on which the hurricane
occurred. Ivan R. Tannehill describes in his book "Hurricanes"
the major tropical storms of recorded history and mentions many
hurricanes named after saints. For example, there was "Hurricane
Santa Ana" which struck Puerto Rico with exceptional violence on
July 26, 1825, and "San Felipe" (the first) and "San Felipe" (the
second) which hit Puerto Rico on September 13 in both 1876 and
1928.
Tannehill also tells of Clement Wragge, an Australian
meteorologist who began giving women's names to tropical storms
before the end of the 19th century.
An early example of the use of a woman's name for a storm was
in the novel "Storm" by George R. Stewart, published by Random
House in 1941, and since filmed by Walt Disney. During World War
II this practice became widespread in weather map discussions
among forecasters, especially Army and Navy meteorologists
who plotted the movements of storms over the wide expanses of the
Pacific Ocean.
In 1953, the United States abandoned a confusing two-year
old plan to name storms by a phonetic alphabet (Able, Baker, Charlie)
when a new, international phonetic alphabet was introduced. That year,
the United States began using female names for storms.
The practice of naming hurricanes solely after women came to
an end in 1978 when men's and women's names were included in the
Eastern North Pacific storm lists. In 1979, male and female names
were included in lists for the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico.
Retired Hurricane Names Since 1954
The NHC does not control the naming of tropical storms.
Instead a strict procedure has been established by an international committee of the
World Meteorological Organization.
For Atlantic hurricanes, there is a list of names for each of six years.
In other words, one list is repeated every seventh year. The only time that there is
a change is if a storm is so deadly or costly that the future use of its
name on a different storm would be inappropriate for obvious reasons of
sensitivity. If that occurs, then at an annual meeting by the committee
(called primarily to discuss many other issues) the offending name is
stricken from the list and another name is selected to replace it.
There is an exception to the retirement rule, however.
Before 1979, when the first permanent six-year storm name list began, some
storm names were simply not used anymore. For example, in 1966, "Fern" was
substituted for "Frieda," and no reason was cited.
Below is a list of retired names for the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea,
and the Gulf of Mexico. There are, however, a great number of destructive
storms not included on this list because they occurred before the hurricane
naming convention was established in 1950.
Can I have a tropical cyclone named for me?
Retired Atlantic Names by Year
Retired Atlantic Names by Year
|
1954
Carol Hazel |
1955
Connie Diane Ione Janet |
1956 |
1957
Audrey |
1958 |
1959 |
1960
Donna |
1961
Carla Hattie |
1962 |
1963
Flora |
1964
Cleo Dora Hilda |
1965
Betsy |
1966
Inez |
1967
Beulah |
1968
Edna |
1969
Camille |
1970
Celia |
1971 |
1972
Agnes |
1973 |
1974
Carmen Fifi |
1975
Eloise |
1976 |
1977
Anita |
1978 |
1979
David Frederic |
1980
Allen |
1981 |
1982 |
1983
Alicia |
1984 |
1985
Elena Gloria |
1986 |
1987 |
1988
Gilbert Joan |
1989
Hugo |
1990
Diana Klaus |
1991
Bob |
1992
Andrew |
1993 |
1994 |
1995
Luis Marilyn Opal Roxanne |
1996
Cesar Fran Hortense |
1997 |
1998
Georges Mitch |
1999
Floyd Lenny |
2000
Keith |
2001
Allison Iris Michelle |
2002
Isidore Lili |
2003
Fabian Isabel Juan |
2004
Charley Frances Ivan Jeanne |
2005
Dennis Katrina Rita Stan Wilma |
2006 |
2007
Dean Felix Noel |
2008
Gustav Ike Paloma |
2009
|
2010
Igor Tomas |
2011
Irene |
Alphabetical List of Retired Atlantic Names
Agnes | | 1972 |
Alicia | | 1983 |
Allen | | 1980 |
Allison | | 2001 |
Andrew | | 1992 |
Anita | | 1977 |
Audrey | | 1957 |
Betsy | | 1965 |
Beulah | | 1967 |
Bob | | 1991 |
Camille | | 1969 |
Carla | | 1961 |
Carmen | | 1974 |
Carol | | 1954 |
Celia | | 1970 |
Cesar | | 1996 |
Charley | | 2004 |
Cleo | | 1964 |
Connie | | 1955 |
David | | 1979 |
Dean | | 2007 |
Dennis | | 2005 |
Diana | | 1990 |
Diane | | 1955 |
Donna | | 1960 |
Dora | | 1964 |
Edna | | 1968 |
Elena | | 1985 |
Eloise | | 1975 |
Fabian | | 2003 |
Felix | | 2007 |
Fifi | | 1974 |
Flora | | 1963 |
Floyd | | 1999 |
Fran | | 1996 |
Frances | | 2004 |
Frederic | | 1979 |
Georges | | 1998 |
Gilbert | | 1988 |
Gloria | | 1985 |
Gustav | | 2008 |
Hattie | | 1961 |
Hazel | | 1954 |
Hilda | | 1964 |
Hortense | | 1996 |
Hugo | | 1989 |
Igor | | 2010 |
Ike | | 2008 |
Inez | | 1966 |
Ione | | 1955 |
Irene | | 2011 |
Iris | | 2001 |
Isabel | | 2003 |
Isidore | | 2002 |
Ivan | | 2004 |
Janet | | 1955 |
Jeanne | | 2004 |
Joan | | 1988 |
Juan | | 2003 |
Katrina | | 2005 |
Keith | | 2000 |
Klaus | | 1990 |
Lenny | | 1999 |
Lili | | 2002 |
Luis | | 1995 |
Marilyn | | 1995 |
Michelle | | 2001 |
Mitch | | 1998 |
Noel | | 2007 |
Opal | | 1995 |
Paloma | | 2008 |
Rita | | 2005 |
Roxanne | | 1995 |
Stan | | 2005 |
Tomas | | 2010 |
Wilma | | 2005 |
Greek Alphabet
In the event that more than twenty-one named tropical cyclones occur in the Atlantic basin in a season,
additional storms will take names from the Greek alphabet. This naming convention has been established by the World Meteorological Organization Tropical Cyclone Programme.
- Alpha
- Beta
- Gamma
- Delta
- Epsilon
- Zeta
- Eta
- Theta
- Iota
- Kappa
- Lambda
- Mu
- Nu
- Xi
- Omicron
- Pi
- Rho
- Sigma
- Tau
- Upsilon
- Phi
- Chi
- Psi
- Omega
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