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Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: Slide Presentation (Full Set)

Treatment Recommendations: Counseling (Continued)

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Variables associated with higher abstinence rates
Variable	Examples
High motivation Ready to change Moderate to high self-efficacy Supportive social network	Tobacco user reports a strong motivation to quit. Tobacco user is ready to quit within a 1-month period. Tobacco user is confident in his or her ability to quit. A smoke-free workplace and home; friends who do not smoke in the quitter's presence.
Variables associated with lower abstinence rates
Variable	Examples
High nicotine dependence Psychiatric comorbidity and substance use High stress level Exposure to other smokers	Tobacco user smokes heavily (≥20 cigarettes/day), and/or has first cigarette of the day within 30 minutes after waking in the morning. Tobacco user has currently elevated depressive symptoms, active alcohol abuse, or schizophrenia. Stressful life circumstances and/or recent or anticipated major life changes (e.g., divorce, job change). Other smokers in the household.