Tuberculosis
- Topics
- Basic TB Facts
- Treatment
- Testing & Diagnosis
- TB & HIV Coinfection
- Infection Control & Prevention
- Drug-Resistant TB
- TB in Specific Populations
- African-American Community
- Correctional Facility Staff & Inmates
- Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Strengthen TB Information Systems and Program Assessment
- Strengthen TB Environmental Controls and Isolation Practices
- Provide More Comprehensive and Timely Screening and Diagnostic Evaluations
- Develop and Strengthen Contact Investigation Protocols
- Increase HIV Counseling and Testing
- Increase Staff Training
- Strengthen Collaboration Between Health Departments and Jails
- International Travelers
- Pregnancy
- Vaccines & Immunizations
- Laboratory Information
- Research
- TB Epidemiologic Studies Consortium
- Background
- Infrastructure
- Research Projects
- Publications
- Meetings
- Directory
- TBESC Committee Members
- Contact TBESC
- Prospective Evaluation of Immunogenetic and Immunologic Markers for Susceptibility to Tuberculosis Infection and Progression from M. Tuberculosisinfection to active TB
- Zero Tolerance for Pediatric TB
- Models for Incorporating HIV Counseling, Testing, and Referral into Tuberculosis Contact Investigations
- Prevalence of Latent TB Infection Among High Risk Populations in the United States
- Regional Capacity-Building in Low-Incidence Areas
- Use of Network Analysis Methods to Characterize M. tuberculosis Transmission Patterns Among Women and Other High-Risk Populations
- An Analysis of Molecular Epidemiology of Multi-Drug Resistant M. tuberculosisin the United States
- Missed Opportunities for TB Prevention in Foreign-Born Population in the United States and Canada
- New Model for Assessing TB Surveillance and Action Performance and Cost
- Addressing TB Among African Americans in the Southeast: Identifying and Overcoming Barriers to Treatment Adherence for Latent TB Infection and TB Disease
- Assessing the TB Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices Among Private Providers Serving Foreign-born Populations at Risk for TB
- Factors Associated with Acceptance of, Adherence to and Toxicity From Treatment for Latent TB Infection and Pilot Study of Treatment for Latent TB Infection Effectiveness
- Culturally Appropriate TB Educational Materials for Leaders and Staff of Hispanic Service Organizations
- Enhancing TB Programs� Capacity for Self-Evaluation: Testing New Tools and Developing an Evaluation Toolkit
- African Refugee Women�s Health Improvement Project
- Evaluation of the TK Medium: A New Rapid Solid Culture System for Tuberculosis
- Evaluation of New Interferon-y Release Assays in the Diagnosis of Latent TB Infection in Health Care Workers
- TB Trials Consortium
- Behavioral & Social Science Research
- TB Epidemiologic Studies Consortium
- Data & Statistics
- Education & Training
- Resources for TB Programs
- Publications & Products
- Fact Sheets
- General
- Fact sheets - Spanish
- TB - General Information
- The Difference Between Latent TB Infection and Active TB Disease
- A Global Perspective on TB
- Tuberculosis Information for Employers in Non-Healthcare Settings
- Tuberculosis Information for International Travelers
- TB Can Be Treated
- Exposure to TB
- TB and HIV/AIDS
- You Can Prevent TB
- Testing for TB
- Tuberculosis: informaci�n general
- Diferencia entre la infecci�n de tuberculosis latente y enfermedad de tuberculosis activa
- Informaci�n sobre la tuberculosis para los viajeros internacionales
- Exposición a la tuberculosis
- Usted puede prevenir la tuberculosis
- La tuberculosis puede ser tratada
- Tuberculosis y VIH/SIDA
- Usted puede prevenir la tuberculosis
- Pruebas para detectar la tuberculosis
- Data & Statistics
- A Global Perspective on TB
- Trends in Tuberculosis – United States
- The Revised Report of Verified Case of Tuberculosis
- The National Tuberculosis Indicators Project (NTIP)
- National Tuberculosis Indicators Project (NTIP): Frequently Asked Questions
- TB Genotyping
- TB Genotyping Information Management System (TB-GIMS)
- Drug-Resistant TB
- Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR TB)
- Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR TB)
- CDC’s Role in Preventing Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR TB)
- Tuberculosis multirresistente (MDR)
- Tuberculosis extremadamente resistente (XDR)
- El papel de los CDC en la prevenci�n de la tuberculosis extremadamente resistente (XDR)
- Infection Control & Prevention
- TB in Specific Populations
- Tuberculosis Information for Employers in Non-Healthcare Settings
- Tuberculosis in Minorities
- Tuberculosis Information for International Travelers
- TB and HIV/AIDS
- Recommendations for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Screening in Tuberculosis (TB) Clinics
- Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis Disease in HIV-Infected Persons
- Tuberculosis in Blacks
- Tuberculosis and Pregnancy
- Tuberculosis y embarazo
- Treatment
- TB Can Be Treated
- Treatment of Latent TB Infection
- Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection: Maximizing Adherence
- Treatment Options for Latent Tuberculosis Infection
- Treatment of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
- Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis Disease in Persons Not Infected with HIV
- Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis Disease in HIV-Infected Persons
- Tratamiento de la infecci�n de tuberculosis latente
- Testing & Diagnosis
- TB Can Be Treated
- Testing for TB
- Recommendations for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Screening in Tuberculosis (TB) Clinics
- QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Test
- Tuberculin Skin Testing
- Diagnosis of Tuberculosis Disease
- Targeted Tuberculin Testing and Interpreting Tuberculin Skin Test Results
- Prueba de QuantiFERON�-TB Gold
- Prueba cutánea de la tuberculina
- Diagnóstico de la tuberculosis activa
- Vaccines & Immunizations
- General
- Guidelines
- Guides & Toolkits
- Newsletters
- Pamphlets, Brochures, Booklets
- PDA Application
- Posters
- Reports & Articles
- Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports (MMWRs)
- Contact Investigations
- Control and Elimination
- Data & Statistics
- Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
- Infection Control & Prevention
- Laboratory
- TB in Specific Populations
- Foreign-Born
- High-Risk Settings
- Homeless
- International
- Occupational Groups
- Travel
- TB & HIV
- Testing & Diagnosis
- Treatment
- LTBI Updates
- Vaccines & Immunizations
- World TB Day
- DTBE Authored Journal Articles
- Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports (MMWRs)
- Slide Sets
- Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of M. TB in Health care Settings
- Investigation of Contacts of Persons with Infectious TB
- Text-Only version
- Introduction
- Decisions to Initiate a Contact Investigation
- Investigating the Index Patient and Sites of Transmission
- Assigning Priorities to Contacts
- Diagnostic and Public Health Evaluation of Contacts
- Medical Treatment for Contacts with LTBI
- When to Expand a Contact Investigation
- Communicating Through the News Media
- Data Management and Evaluation of Contact Investigations
- Confidentiality and Consent in Contact Investigations
- Staff Training for Contact Investigations
- Contact Investigations in Special Circumstances
- Source-Case Investigations
- Cultural Competency and Social Network Analysis
- Resources
- Epidemiology of Pediatric Tuberculosis in the United States
- Text-Only version
- Introduction
- Pediatric TB Cases by Age and Race
- Pediatric TB Cases by Origin of Birth
- Pediatric Cases, Percentages and Rates by States
- Pediatric TB Cases by Case Verification Criterion and Site of Disease
- Pediatric TB Cases in Specific Groups
- Pediatric TB Cases Case Completion
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- Slide 5
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- Slide 7
- Slide 8
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- Slide 10
- Slide 11
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- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Treatment of TB
- Targeted Tuberculin Testing and Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
- Videos, DVDs, CD Roms
- Podcasts
- Web-Based Courses & Webinars
- Fact Sheets
- Events
- Links
- About Us
- Mission Statement and Activities
- Organization Chart
- Advisory Groups
- Federal TB Task Force
- Table of Contents
- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- Chronology in the Development of This Report
- Strategies for Maintaining Control of TB
- Strategies for Accelerating the Decline of TB
- Activities for Developing New Tools
- Global U.S. Actions
- Assessing the Impact of Actions Taken
- Federal TB Task Force Members and Others Involved in the Development of This Report
- Glossary
- References
- Federal TB Task Force Roster
- Table of Contents
- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- How to Eliminate TB? – The IOM Report
- Why Eliminate TB? – Rationale for Elimination
- Who Will Lead? – CDC's Response
- Goal I: Maintain control of TB
- Goal II: Accelerate the decline
- Goal III: Create new tools
- Goal IV: Reduce the global burden of TB
- Goal V: Summon and sustain support
- Goal VI: Track progress
- References
- Federal TB Task Force
- Funding
Fact Sheets
Recommendations for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Screening in Tuberculosis (TB) Clinics
What are the recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening in tuberculosis (TB) clinics?
In revised recommendations from 2006, CDC recommends HIV screening for all TB patients after the patient is notified that testing will be performed, unless the patient declines (i.e., opt-out screening). Routine HIV testing is also recommended for persons suspected of having TB disease and contacts to TB patients. Persons at high risk for HIV infection should be screened for HIV at least annually. Prevention counseling and separate written consent for HIV testing should no longer be required.
How do the new 2006 recommendations for HIV screening differ from previous ones?
These recommendations only address health care settings and do not replace previous recommendations for HIV testing in non-clinical, outreach, or field settings. The recommendations are aimed to eliminate missed opportunities for HIV screening and reduce significant barriers to HIV testing in health care settings by
- Using opt-out HIV screening;
- Annually screening persons at high risk for HIV;
- Eliminating the need for separate written consent for HIV testing; and
- Eliminating the need for prevention counseling as part of routine HIV screening.
What is opt-out screening?
Opt-out screening is defined as performing HIV testing after notifying the patient that the test will be performed, and although the patient may decline or defer testing, it is strongly recommended. Assent is inferred unless the patient declines testing.
Why does CDC recommend that TB clinics screen their patients for HIV infection?
HIV infection is the most important known risk factor for
progression from latent TB infection to TB disease. Progression to
TB disease is often rapid among HIV-infected persons and can be
deadly. In addition, TB outbreaks can rapidly expand in HIV-infected
patient groups.
Targeted HIV testing based on provider assessment of patient risk
behaviors fails to identify a substantial number of persons who are
HIV infected. This is because many individuals may not perceive
themselves to be at risk for HIV or do not disclose their risks.
Routine HIV testing also reduces the stigma associated with testing.
When HIV is diagnosed early, appropriately timed interventions can
lead to improved health outcomes, including slower progression and
reduced mortality. Identifying TB patients, suspects, and contacts
who are HIV infected allows for optimal TB testing of these groups
and provides opportunities to prevent TB in those without disease.
Who should be tested for HIV in TB clinics?
All patients in TB clinics should be tested for HIV. This includes TB suspects, patients, and contacts.
Can rapid HIV tests be used to screen TB patients and their contacts?
Yes. Rapid HIV tests, using fingerprick or oral specimens, can be used. Results are available in about 20 minutes. Although the rapid HIV test kits cost about $10 more per test than standard lab assays, they have been shown to be cost-effective and to increase patients’ acceptance of HIV testing. Another option is to collect oral swab specimens and use standard lab assays.
What education and training resources on HIV counseling and testing are available?
Resources for education and training on HIV counseling and
testing are available from CDC-funded HIV/AIDS programs in each
state health department, and from the
National Network of
STD/HIV Prevention Training Centers. Additionally, the Health
Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) has regional AIDS Education and Training Centers
(AETCs) and other local performance sites that can provide training
in HIV counseling and testing to TB staff.
Also available is a
Contact Investigation and Management Protocol to facilitate HIV
counseling, testing, and referral during TB contact investigations.
The protocol was developed by the New York City Bureau of TB
Control, in collaboration with the New York City Department of
Health HIV Training Institute, with funding from CDC.
Additional Information
- CDC.
Revised Recommendations for HIV Testing of Adults,
Adolescents, and Pregnant Women in Health-Care Settings. MMWR
2006; 55 (No. RR-14).
-
CDC. HIV Testing in Health Care Settings.
- CDC. Rapid HIV Testing.
Resources
- National Network
of STD/HIV Prevention Training Centers
- AIDS
Education and Training Centers (AETCs)
- New York City Bureau of Tuberculosis Control. Contact Investigation and Management Protocol.
Contact Us:
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Division of Tuberculosis Elimination (DTBE)
1600 Clifton Rd., NE
MS E10
Atlanta, GA 30333 - 800-CDC-INFO
(800-232-4636)
TTY: (888) 232-6348
24 Hours/Every Day - cdcinfo@cdc.gov