Richmond, VA National Compensation Survey (NCS) Bulletin

NC BL 06/00/2008 Table: Richmond, VA, Bulletin, October 2007 Table 1. Summary: Mean hourly earnings(1) and weekly hours for selected worker and establishment characteristics, Richmond, VA, October 2007 Civilian Private industry State and local government workers workers workers Hourly earnings Hourly earnings Hourly earnings Worker and establishment characteristics Mean Mean Mean weekly weekly weekly Relative hours(- Relative hours(- Relative hours(- Mean error(2) 3) Mean error(2) 3) Mean error(2) 3) (percen- (percen- (percen- t) t) t) All workers........................................................... $19.61 3.9 36.1 $19.27 4.7 35.7 $21.20 3.8 38.2 Worker characteristics(4)(5) Management, professional, and related............................... 29.85 4.4 37.9 31.94 5.6 37.7 25.38 4.7 38.2 Management, business, and financial............................... 34.26 9.0 40.6 35.56 10.4 40.8 28.34 13.2 39.9 Professional and related.......................................... 27.56 3.7 36.6 29.41 4.4 35.9 24.68 5.0 37.8 Service............................................................. 11.22 7.6 31.0 10.01 8.0 29.7 16.93 9.2 39.5 Sales and office.................................................... 16.94 7.4 35.5 16.99 8.6 35.2 16.62 2.2 37.7 Sales and related................................................. 19.16 16.9 33.9 19.40 17.3 33.9 – – – Office and administrative support................................. 15.76 2.5 36.4 15.47 3.2 36.0 17.01 1.6 38.0 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 18.32 2.1 40.1 18.48 1.9 40.1 16.93 5.2 40.0 Construction and extraction...................................... 16.92 6.8 40.0 17.03 7.4 40.0 16.10 7.5 40.0 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 20.69 4.1 40.3 20.82 4.4 40.3 – – – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 15.38 3.9 37.5 15.38 4.1 37.7 15.32 7.6 33.8 Production........................................................ 16.61 6.2 39.0 16.57 6.4 39.0 – – – Transportation and material moving................................ 14.14 3.8 36.1 14.19 3.9 36.5 12.73 9.3 29.1 Full time........................................................... 20.97 3.6 39.9 20.84 4.4 39.9 21.53 3.5 39.7 Part time........................................................... 10.47 5.1 22.1 9.99 5.1 21.9 16.01 10.7 24.3 Union............................................................... 20.53 3.8 38.8 20.60 4.1 38.7 – – – Nonunion............................................................ 19.55 4.1 36.0 19.18 5.1 35.5 21.24 3.8 38.2 Time................................................................ 18.84 2.9 35.8 18.29 3.5 35.2 21.20 3.8 38.2 Incentive........................................................... 28.04 18.9 40.5 28.04 18.9 40.5 – – – Establishment characteristics Goods producing..................................................... (6) (6) (6) 19.56 2.8 39.9 (6) (6) (6) Service providing................................................... (6) (6) (6) - - - (6) (6) (6) 1-99 workers........................................................ 17.37 5.6 35.0 17.34 5.7 34.9 – – – 100-499 workers..................................................... 20.32 11.9 36.4 20.67 13.9 36.0 18.60 9.8 38.5 500 workers or more................................................. 22.82 3.4 38.0 23.09 5.0 37.8 22.46 4.1 38.2 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 2 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. 3 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. 5 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 6 Classification of establishments into goods-producing and service-providing industries applies to private industry only. Industries are determined by the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. Table 2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3), Richmond, VA, October 2007 Total Full-time workers Part-time workers Occupation(4) and level Relative Relative Relative Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5) (percent) (percent) (percent) All workers........................................................... $19.61 3.9 $20.97 3.6 $10.47 5.1 Management occupations.............................................. 38.36 10.0 38.36 10.0 – – Level 9 .................................................. 22.98 3.9 22.98 3.9 – – Level 11.................................................. 36.16 3.5 36.16 3.5 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 44.62 13.9 44.62 13.9 – – Computer and information systems managers......................... 55.06 14.7 55.06 14.7 – – Financial managers................................................ 48.64 20.0 48.64 20.0 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 52.35 23.6 52.35 23.6 – – Business and financial operations occupations....................... 28.96 10.1 28.96 10.1 – – Level 6 .................................................. 17.93 2.7 17.93 2.7 – – Level 7 .................................................. 20.69 1.7 20.69 1.7 – – Level 8 .................................................. 26.88 14.4 26.88 14.4 – – Level 9 .................................................. 30.91 6.8 30.91 6.8 – – Level 10.................................................. 34.11 4.6 34.11 4.6 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 24.82 11.5 24.82 11.5 – – Management analysts............................................... 26.32 19.6 26.32 19.6 – – Accountants and auditors.......................................... 27.02 8.1 27.02 8.1 – – Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 33.38 5.6 34.03 5.7 – – Level 9 .................................................. 32.94 3.9 32.94 3.9 – – Level 10.................................................. 40.23 5.8 40.23 5.8 – – Level 11.................................................. 39.86 4.6 39.86 4.6 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 31.12 5.6 – – – – Computer programmers.............................................. 35.57 5.0 35.57 5.0 – – Computer software engineers....................................... 35.98 4.9 35.98 4.9 – – Computer systems analysts......................................... 41.37 9.5 41.37 9.5 – – Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 41.84 12.1 41.84 12.1 – – Engineers......................................................... 46.41 9.8 46.41 9.8 – – Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 22.94 5.5 24.20 2.9 – – Community and social services occupations........................... 20.67 7.3 20.65 7.5 – – Level 7 .................................................. 19.37 4.8 19.37 4.8 – – Counselors........................................................ 22.65 9.7 22.65 9.7 – – Legal occupations................................................... 33.73 26.6 33.73 26.6 – – Education, training, and library occupations........................ 27.00 1.7 27.43 2.0 14.16 9.4 Level 9 .................................................. 28.54 1.5 28.54 1.5 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 28.90 8.0 30.35 7.6 – – Postsecondary teachers............................................ 30.84 7.9 30.82 8.0 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 30.37 7.5 30.35 7.6 – – Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers............................ 29.62 1.3 – – – – Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 27.89 1.9 28.05 2.1 – – Level 9 .................................................. 28.54 1.5 28.54 1.5 – – Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 28.24 4.8 28.48 5.5 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.72 4.1 29.72 4.1 – – Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 27.80 4.5 28.07 5.1 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.45 3.3 29.45 3.3 – – Secondary school teachers....................................... 28.31 1.2 28.47 .6 – – Level 9 .................................................. 28.47 .6 28.47 .6 – – Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 28.31 1.2 28.47 .6 – – Level 9 .................................................. 28.47 .6 28.47 .6 – – Special education teachers...................................... 26.36 1.9 26.36 1.9 – – Level 9 .................................................. 26.49 1.6 26.49 1.6 – – Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 21.55 4.1 20.12 3.5 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 21.83 6.6 – – – – Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 23.78 9.7 23.68 11.8 24.44 10.0 Level 6 .................................................. 21.70 6.4 22.14 11.1 – – Level 7 .................................................. 18.68 7.2 – – – – Level 8 .................................................. 32.46 9.8 – – – – Level 9 .................................................. 28.66 5.3 28.62 6.8 28.81 2.0 Not able to be leveled.................................... 23.47 12.2 – – – – Registered nurses................................................. 27.89 4.7 27.82 5.3 28.11 5.6 Level 9 .................................................. 28.34 5.0 28.42 6.0 – – Therapists........................................................ 32.59 15.3 – – – – Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians... 13.35 17.6 – – – – Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 18.82 5.0 18.84 2.5 – – Level 6 .................................................. 18.84 7.1 – – – – Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.40 16.3 13.36 14.5 9.25 10.7 Level 3 .................................................. 10.63 7.1 11.29 3.1 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.22 16.3 – – – – Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.74 4.5 11.37 1.3 9.27 12.4 Level 3 .................................................. 10.32 6.4 11.13 .7 – – Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 11.29 2.4 11.39 1.6 – – Level 3 .................................................. 10.94 .8 11.15 .6 – – Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 13.65 19.8 14.45 18.0 – – Protective service occupations...................................... 17.13 10.3 17.31 10.5 – – Police officers................................................... 22.25 7.8 22.25 7.8 – – Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.25 7.8 22.25 7.8 – – Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 11.20 3.9 – – – – Security guards................................................. 11.20 3.9 – – – – Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.86 2.8 9.33 4.1 6.72 4.9 Level 1 .................................................. 6.61 4.4 6.69 16.1 6.59 8.8 Level 2 .................................................. 7.71 8.1 9.41 7.6 5.33 5.0 Level 3 .................................................. 11.14 4.0 11.53 5.4 10.41 3.7 Cooks............................................................. 9.47 4.7 – – 8.52 3.5 Level 3 .................................................. 10.42 9.4 – – – – Cooks, restaurant............................................... 10.06 7.4 – – – – Food service, tipped.............................................. 6.74 11.9 7.86 20.8 5.09 14.1 Level 1 .................................................. 4.92 29.3 – – 5.12 33.7 Level 2 .................................................. 4.76 28.5 – – – – Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 3.35 33.7 – – 4.08 13.5 Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers...... 7.58 12.0 – – – – Fast food and counter workers..................................... 7.31 7.3 10.22 13.7 6.50 5.2 Level 1 .................................................. 7.10 .5 – – – – Level 3 .................................................. 11.83 11.2 – – – – Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 6.90 3.7 – – 6.50 5.3 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 12.75 16.0 13.04 17.3 9.07 2.4 Level 1 .................................................. 9.70 4.7 10.16 5.2 – – Level 2 .................................................. 9.24 2.1 9.21 2.3 – – Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.32 2.9 10.38 3.0 – – Level 1 .................................................. 9.97 4.5 10.16 5.2 – – Level 2 .................................................. 9.21 2.3 9.21 2.3 – – Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.45 3.1 11.54 3.3 – – Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.94 1.3 8.94 1.4 – – Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 11.11 3.8 11.51 4.2 – – Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 11.31 5.2 11.51 4.2 – – Personal care and service occupations............................... 9.31 15.7 – – 8.46 8.4 Level 2 .................................................. 7.82 3.6 – – 7.93 5.4 Sales and related occupations....................................... 19.16 16.9 21.87 18.9 8.97 8.1 Level 1 .................................................. 7.68 4.4 – – 7.69 5.8 Level 2 .................................................. 8.09 2.0 – – 7.88 2.4 Level 3 .................................................. 9.54 10.6 9.57 12.2 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.67 5.5 15.48 7.4 – – Level 5 .................................................. 18.48 18.7 18.48 18.7 – – Level 6 .................................................. 21.42 23.0 21.42 23.0 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 16.80 21.2 17.63 21.9 – – First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 26.17 17.8 26.17 17.8 – – Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.91 8.4 13.70 6.6 8.99 8.9 Level 1 .................................................. 7.53 3.3 – – 7.49 4.1 Level 2 .................................................. 8.09 2.0 – – 7.88 2.4 Level 3 .................................................. 11.18 11.8 12.01 10.4 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.51 6.3 15.20 9.6 – – Cashiers, all workers........................................... 9.02 7.3 10.69 10.3 7.86 3.0 Level 2 .................................................. 8.07 4.3 – – 7.79 5.2 Level 3 .................................................. 10.77 13.4 – – – – Cashiers...................................................... 9.02 7.3 10.69 10.3 7.86 3.0 Level 2 .................................................. 8.07 4.3 – – 7.79 5.2 Level 3 .................................................. 10.77 13.4 – – – – Retail salespersons............................................. 13.16 10.1 14.16 5.5 10.40 22.9 Level 2 .................................................. 8.13 5.1 – – – – Level 4 .................................................. 14.82 6.1 14.29 11.3 – – Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 105.28 39.7 105.28 39.7 – – Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 22.04 14.6 22.04 14.6 – – Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 22.10 14.6 22.10 14.6 – – Office and administrative support occupations....................... 15.76 2.5 16.25 2.5 12.26 5.5 Level 2 .................................................. 10.59 6.0 – – 9.75 7.0 Level 3 .................................................. 12.76 3.9 13.02 4.6 11.45 7.2 Level 4 .................................................. 15.94 5.5 15.99 5.7 15.29 5.7 Level 5 .................................................. 17.58 4.7 17.75 5.0 – – Level 6 .................................................. 19.29 3.0 19.11 3.1 – – Level 7 .................................................. 22.62 5.2 22.62 5.2 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 14.95 3.2 15.66 3.3 11.87 8.3 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 21.97 7.3 21.97 7.3 – – Financial clerks.................................................. 14.53 3.8 14.86 4.2 12.52 3.6 Level 3 .................................................. 12.31 4.2 13.04 8.6 – – Level 4 .................................................. 13.81 2.7 13.72 2.9 – – Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 14.79 4.3 14.97 4.5 – – Tellers......................................................... 11.58 5.9 – – – – Customer service representatives.................................. 17.22 8.6 17.56 9.1 14.09 20.2 Level 4 .................................................. 18.59 11.1 18.71 11.0 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 12.74 14.7 14.23 19.2 – – Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.14 14.2 13.76 15.9 – – Level 3 .................................................. 15.28 11.0 – – – – Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 9.97 7.1 – – 8.26 2.7 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 18.45 5.5 18.98 4.8 – – Level 4 .................................................. 14.67 5.0 13.81 2.2 – – Level 5 .................................................. 16.73 7.9 16.73 7.9 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 16.86 9.6 18.44 5.5 – – Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 19.09 7.0 19.35 7.5 – – Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 13.01 10.7 – – – – Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 16.35 7.2 16.35 7.2 – – Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 10.99 9.6 – – – – Office clerks, general............................................ 14.85 5.1 15.55 5.0 12.11 9.7 Level 3 .................................................. 12.43 5.6 – – – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.61 7.6 15.61 7.6 – – Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.92 6.8 16.92 6.8 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.09 6.5 15.09 6.5 – – Level 6 .................................................. 19.72 1.1 19.72 1.1 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.69 4.1 20.69 4.1 – – Level 5 .................................................. 19.02 11.1 19.02 11.1 – – Level 6 .................................................. 24.12 7.4 24.12 7.4 – – Level 7 .................................................. 23.25 5.5 23.25 5.5 – – Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 21.33 12.5 21.33 12.5 – – Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 21.02 14.8 21.02 14.8 – – Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 18.97 14.2 18.97 14.2 – – Level 7 .................................................. 25.95 2.7 25.95 2.7 – – Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 24.16 3.5 24.16 3.5 – – Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 24.01 9.1 24.01 9.1 – – Production occupations.............................................. 16.61 6.2 16.79 6.2 10.93 15.7 Level 2 .................................................. 11.23 3.4 11.42 3.2 – – Level 3 .................................................. 14.38 8.0 14.24 8.0 – – Level 4 .................................................. 18.98 9.8 18.98 9.8 – – Level 6 .................................................. 28.70 1.5 28.70 1.5 – – Level 7 .................................................. 23.95 12.6 23.95 12.6 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 18.76 7.7 18.79 7.8 – – First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 27.43 19.2 27.43 19.2 – – Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 11.80 14.7 12.58 12.1 – – Printers.......................................................... 18.20 23.0 18.20 23.0 – – Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 14.20 17.3 14.38 18.3 – – Level 2 .................................................. 14.38 .2 – – – – Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.14 3.8 15.29 3.4 10.27 4.8 Level 1 .................................................. 8.64 5.8 9.69 5.3 7.42 8.8 Level 2 .................................................. 12.60 7.8 13.11 7.8 10.95 8.7 Level 3 .................................................. 13.44 4.6 14.23 4.9 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.44 2.0 15.44 2.0 – – Level 5 .................................................. 15.93 1.7 15.93 1.7 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 13.29 10.1 15.56 3.7 – – Bus drivers....................................................... 14.02 8.1 – – – – Bus drivers, school............................................. 14.02 8.1 – – – – Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 14.53 4.4 15.13 2.2 – – Level 4 .................................................. 17.30 4.5 17.30 4.5 – – Level 5 .................................................. 15.28 4.5 15.28 4.5 – – Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 15.15 2.8 15.17 2.8 – – Level 5 .................................................. 16.20 1.7 16.20 1.7 – – Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.51 3.9 14.87 3.1 – – Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.54 6.7 12.49 8.1 10.16 5.1 Level 1 .................................................. 9.25 3.6 9.56 5.5 8.43 7.6 Level 2 .................................................. 13.43 11.2 14.21 10.4 11.10 12.1 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 12.41 9.2 13.77 6.2 10.18 12.0 Level 1 .................................................. 10.72 8.5 – – – – Level 2 .................................................. 13.84 14.7 14.39 12.6 – – Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 8.75 5.4 – – – – Level 1 .................................................. 8.26 6.7 – – – – 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs. Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See appendix A for more information. 4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 3. Private industry workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3), Richmond, VA, October 2007 Total Full-time workers Part-time workers Occupation(4) and level Relative Relative Relative Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5) (percent) (percent) (percent) All workers........................................................... $19.27 4.7 $20.84 4.4 $9.99 5.1 Management occupations.............................................. 38.54 11.1 38.54 11.1 – – Level 9 .................................................. 22.98 3.9 22.98 3.9 – – Level 11.................................................. 38.27 2.3 38.27 2.3 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 46.04 15.4 46.04 15.4 – – Financial managers................................................ 47.74 22.6 47.74 22.6 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 52.35 23.6 52.35 23.6 – – Business and financial operations occupations....................... 30.88 12.2 30.88 12.2 – – Level 8 .................................................. 29.72 14.3 29.72 14.3 – – Level 9 .................................................. 31.87 7.3 31.87 7.3 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 24.93 12.0 24.93 12.0 – – Accountants and auditors.......................................... 27.46 10.5 27.46 10.5 – – Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 34.40 7.1 34.40 7.1 – – Level 10.................................................. 40.23 5.8 40.23 5.8 – – Level 11.................................................. 41.69 2.1 41.69 2.1 – – Computer systems analysts......................................... 41.37 9.5 41.37 9.5 – – Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 45.81 11.7 45.81 11.7 – – Engineers......................................................... 48.79 8.1 48.79 8.1 – – Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 24.77 2.6 – – – – Community and social services occupations........................... 20.30 12.8 20.10 14.8 – – Education, training, and library occupations........................ 24.01 9.2 24.49 10.6 – – Postsecondary teachers............................................ 34.81 5.8 34.83 5.9 – – Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 22.40 4.8 20.62 4.1 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 24.18 4.7 – – – – Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 24.64 11.2 24.79 14.6 23.83 10.0 Level 6 .................................................. 22.84 6.5 23.90 13.3 – – Level 8 .................................................. 32.46 9.8 – – – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.46 5.4 29.73 8.0 28.81 2.0 Registered nurses................................................. 27.52 5.4 27.70 6.7 27.02 6.0 Level 9 .................................................. 28.88 6.7 29.23 8.9 – – Therapists........................................................ 27.83 2.3 – – – – Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 19.17 6.4 19.38 1.9 – – Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.39 16.7 13.36 14.5 8.90 10.2 Level 3 .................................................. 10.63 7.1 11.29 3.1 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.46 17.1 – – – – Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.67 4.7 11.37 1.3 8.83 12.6 Level 3 .................................................. 10.32 6.4 11.13 .7 – – Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 11.22 2.1 11.39 1.6 – – Level 3 .................................................. 10.94 .8 11.15 .6 – – Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 13.65 19.8 14.45 18.0 – – Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.84 2.8 9.33 4.3 6.72 4.9 Level 1 .................................................. 6.61 4.4 6.69 16.1 6.59 8.8 Level 2 .................................................. 7.70 8.3 9.42 7.7 5.33 5.0 Level 3 .................................................. 11.25 4.1 – – 10.41 3.7 Cooks............................................................. 9.47 4.7 – – 8.52 3.5 Level 3 .................................................. 10.42 9.4 – – – – Cooks, restaurant............................................... 10.06 7.4 – – – – Food service, tipped.............................................. 6.68 12.4 7.81 22.0 5.09 14.1 Level 1 .................................................. 4.92 29.3 – – 5.12 33.7 Level 2 .................................................. 4.51 33.0 – – – – Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 3.35 33.7 – – 4.08 13.5 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 7.27 7.2 10.25 15.2 6.50 5.2 Level 1 .................................................. 7.10 .5 – – – – Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 6.85 4.7 – – 6.50 5.3 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 13.75 19.5 14.22 21.1 – – Level 1 .................................................. 9.70 4.7 10.16 5.2 – – Level 2 .................................................. 9.13 2.0 9.07 2.0 – – Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.55 3.7 10.61 4.0 – – Level 1 .................................................. 9.97 4.5 10.16 5.2 – – Level 2 .................................................. 9.07 2.0 9.07 2.0 – – Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.68 3.6 – – – – Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.90 1.6 8.88 1.6 – – Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 10.91 5.1 – – – – Personal care and service occupations............................... 9.35 16.7 – – 8.45 9.3 Level 2 .................................................. 7.77 3.5 – – 7.83 6.0 Sales and related occupations....................................... 19.40 17.3 22.23 19.3 8.92 8.3 Level 1 .................................................. 7.68 4.4 – – 7.69 5.8 Level 2 .................................................. 8.09 2.0 – – 7.88 2.4 Level 3 .................................................. 8.83 9.2 – – – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.67 5.5 15.48 7.4 – – Level 5 .................................................. 18.48 18.7 18.48 18.7 – – Level 6 .................................................. 21.42 23.0 21.42 23.0 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 16.80 21.2 17.63 21.9 – – First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 26.17 17.8 26.17 17.8 – – Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.87 9.1 13.80 7.1 8.95 9.0 Level 1 .................................................. 7.53 3.3 – – 7.49 4.1 Level 2 .................................................. 8.09 2.0 – – 7.88 2.4 Level 3 .................................................. 10.34 17.3 – – – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.51 6.3 15.20 9.6 – – Cashiers, all workers........................................... 8.25 2.1 9.43 10.6 7.72 2.8 Level 2 .................................................. 8.07 4.3 – – 7.79 5.2 Cashiers...................................................... 8.25 2.1 9.43 10.6 7.72 2.8 Level 2 .................................................. 8.07 4.3 – – 7.79 5.2 Retail salespersons............................................. 13.16 10.1 14.16 5.5 10.40 22.9 Level 2 .................................................. 8.13 5.1 – – – – Level 4 .................................................. 14.82 6.1 14.29 11.3 – – Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 105.28 39.7 105.28 39.7 – – Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 22.04 14.6 22.04 14.6 – – Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 22.10 14.6 22.10 14.6 – – Office and administrative support occupations....................... 15.47 3.2 16.04 3.2 11.90 6.0 Level 2 .................................................. 10.59 6.0 – – 9.75 7.0 Level 3 .................................................. 12.79 4.4 13.10 5.2 11.45 7.2 Level 4 .................................................. 15.99 6.3 16.07 6.5 14.53 5.6 Level 5 .................................................. 17.76 6.0 18.00 6.4 – – Level 6 .................................................. 19.86 2.8 19.65 3.2 – – Level 7 .................................................. 21.77 5.1 21.77 5.1 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 14.37 2.5 15.16 3.7 11.59 8.6 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 23.70 5.4 23.70 5.4 – – Financial clerks.................................................. 14.13 4.1 14.47 4.8 12.52 3.6 Level 3 .................................................. 12.22 4.9 – – – – Level 4 .................................................. 13.81 2.7 13.72 2.9 – – Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 14.16 2.2 14.34 2.2 – – Tellers......................................................... 11.58 5.9 – – – – Customer service representatives.................................. 17.21 9.8 17.60 10.3 14.09 20.2 Level 4 .................................................. 18.87 11.8 19.03 11.6 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 12.74 14.7 14.23 19.2 – – Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.14 14.2 13.76 15.9 – – Level 3 .................................................. 15.28 11.0 – – – – Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 9.97 7.1 – – 8.26 2.7 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 17.58 6.9 18.12 5.5 – – Level 4 .................................................. 13.71 2.2 13.73 2.4 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 16.11 8.4 17.93 5.1 – – Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 17.58 9.3 17.58 9.3 – – Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 12.66 11.1 – – – – Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 16.35 7.2 16.35 7.2 – – Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 10.99 9.6 – – – – Office clerks, general............................................ 15.12 5.9 16.08 5.9 12.11 9.7 Level 3 .................................................. 12.38 9.8 – – – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.64 8.8 15.64 8.8 – – Construction and extraction occupations............................. 17.03 7.4 17.03 7.4 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.10 7.9 15.10 7.9 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.82 4.4 20.82 4.4 – – Level 6 .................................................. 24.03 8.3 24.03 8.3 – – Level 7 .................................................. 23.24 5.8 23.24 5.8 – – Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 21.33 12.5 21.33 12.5 – – Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 21.02 14.8 21.02 14.8 – – Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 19.56 16.6 19.56 16.6 – – Level 7 .................................................. 25.95 2.7 25.95 2.7 – – Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 24.16 3.5 24.16 3.5 – – Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 24.01 9.1 24.01 9.1 – – Production occupations.............................................. 16.57 6.4 16.75 6.5 10.93 15.7 Level 2 .................................................. 11.23 3.4 11.42 3.2 – – Level 3 .................................................. 14.55 8.3 14.40 8.5 – – Level 4 .................................................. 18.98 9.8 18.98 9.8 – – Level 6 .................................................. 28.70 1.5 28.70 1.5 – – Level 7 .................................................. 25.00 16.2 25.00 16.2 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 19.09 8.0 19.12 8.1 – – First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 32.80 15.2 32.80 15.2 – – Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 11.80 14.7 12.58 12.1 – – Printers.......................................................... 18.20 23.0 18.20 23.0 – – Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 14.20 17.3 14.38 18.3 – – Level 2 .................................................. 14.38 .2 – – – – Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.19 3.9 15.30 3.5 10.24 5.3 Level 1 .................................................. 8.68 6.3 9.69 5.3 7.30 9.8 Level 2 .................................................. 12.60 8.1 13.11 7.8 10.55 11.0 Level 3 .................................................. 13.25 5.3 14.10 6.2 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.44 2.0 15.44 2.0 – – Level 5 .................................................. 15.93 1.7 15.93 1.7 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 13.29 10.1 15.56 3.7 – – Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 14.53 4.4 15.13 2.2 – – Level 4 .................................................. 17.30 4.5 17.30 4.5 – – Level 5 .................................................. 15.28 4.5 15.28 4.5 – – Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 15.15 2.8 15.17 2.8 – – Level 5 .................................................. 16.20 1.7 16.20 1.7 – – Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.51 3.9 14.87 3.1 – – Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.54 6.7 12.49 8.1 10.16 5.1 Level 1 .................................................. 9.25 3.6 9.56 5.5 8.43 7.6 Level 2 .................................................. 13.43 11.2 14.21 10.4 11.10 12.1 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 12.41 9.2 13.77 6.2 10.18 12.0 Level 1 .................................................. 10.72 8.5 – – – – Level 2 .................................................. 13.84 14.7 14.39 12.6 – – Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 8.75 5.4 – – – – Level 1 .................................................. 8.26 6.7 – – – – 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs. Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See appendix A for more information. 4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. Table 4. State and local government workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3), Richmond, VA, October 2007 Total Full-time workers Part-time workers Occupation(4) and level Relative Relative Relative Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5) (percent) (percent) (percent) All workers........................................................... $21.20 3.8 $21.53 3.5 $16.01 10.7 Management occupations.............................................. 36.92 9.7 36.92 9.7 – – Business and financial operations occupations....................... 23.63 12.9 23.63 12.9 – – Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 29.58 8.7 32.24 4.0 – – Community and social services occupations........................... 20.78 9.3 20.78 9.3 – – Education, training, and library occupations........................ 27.45 .7 27.87 .9 14.22 11.2 Level 9 .................................................. 28.56 1.5 28.56 1.5 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 28.78 7.9 – – – – Postsecondary teachers............................................ 30.28 7.5 – – – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 30.28 7.5 – – – – Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 28.38 1.4 28.56 1.5 – – Level 9 .................................................. 28.56 1.5 28.56 1.5 – – Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 29.49 3.2 29.79 4.3 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.79 4.3 29.79 4.3 – – Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 29.18 2.0 29.53 3.4 – – Level 9 .................................................. 29.53 3.4 29.53 3.4 – – Secondary school teachers....................................... 28.20 1.1 28.37 .5 – – Level 9 .................................................. 28.37 .5 28.37 .5 – – Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 28.20 1.1 28.37 .5 – – Level 9 .................................................. 28.37 .5 28.37 .5 – – Special education teachers...................................... 26.68 1.4 26.68 1.4 – – Level 9 .................................................. 26.68 1.4 26.68 1.4 – – Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 21.18 20.0 20.70 19.2 – – Protective service occupations...................................... 20.32 6.0 20.38 6.0 – – Police officers................................................... 22.25 7.8 22.25 7.8 – – Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.25 7.8 22.25 7.8 – – Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 10.34 4.9 10.39 4.8 – – Building cleaning workers......................................... 9.82 5.9 9.87 5.9 – – Office and administrative support occupations....................... 17.01 1.6 17.09 1.6 – – Level 4 .................................................. 15.68 1.1 15.45 2.1 – – Level 5 .................................................. 16.99 4.8 16.99 4.8 – – Not able to be leveled.................................... 16.69 5.4 16.93 3.9 – – Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 20.49 6.3 21.29 5.7 – – Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 20.77 7.9 – – – – Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.10 7.5 16.10 7.5 – – Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 12.73 9.3 – – – – Bus drivers....................................................... 14.02 8.1 – – – – Bus drivers, school............................................. 14.02 8.1 – – – – 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs. Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the occupation. See appendix A for more information. 4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. Table 5. Combined work levels(1) for civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings(2) for full-time and part-time workers(3), Richmond, VA, October 2007 Total Full-time workers Part-time workers Occupation(4) and level Relative Relative Relative Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5) (percent) (percent) (percent) All workers........................................................... $19.61 3.9 $20.97 3.6 $10.47 5.1 Management occupations.............................................. 38.36 10.0 38.36 10.0 – – Group II.................................................. 22.85 1.2 – – – – Group III................................................. 33.69 11.0 – – – – Group IV.................................................. 62.22 8.2 – – – – Computer and information systems managers......................... 55.06 14.7 55.06 14.7 – – Financial managers................................................ 48.64 20.0 48.64 20.0 – – Business and financial operations occupations....................... 28.96 10.1 28.96 10.1 – – Group II.................................................. 21.32 5.0 – – – – Group III................................................. 40.58 17.7 – – – – Management analysts............................................... 26.32 19.6 26.32 19.6 – – Accountants and auditors.......................................... 27.02 8.1 27.02 8.1 – – Group II.................................................. 22.56 10.0 22.56 10.0 – – Group III................................................. 34.04 4.7 34.04 4.7 – – Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 33.38 5.6 34.03 5.7 – – Group II.................................................. 21.35 6.8 – – – – Group III................................................. 36.71 3.8 – – – – Computer programmers.............................................. 35.57 5.0 35.57 5.0 – – Computer software engineers....................................... 35.98 4.9 35.98 4.9 – – Computer systems analysts......................................... 41.37 9.5 41.37 9.5 – – Group III................................................. 38.52 2.7 38.52 2.7 – – Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 41.84 12.1 41.84 12.1 – – Group III................................................. 42.70 7.9 – – – – Engineers......................................................... 46.41 9.8 46.41 9.8 – – Group III................................................. 43.57 7.9 – – – – Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 22.94 5.5 24.20 2.9 – – Group II.................................................. 24.71 5.4 – – – – Community and social services occupations........................... 20.67 7.3 20.65 7.5 – – Group II.................................................. 19.20 3.7 – – – – Counselors........................................................ 22.65 9.7 22.65 9.7 – – Legal occupations................................................... 33.73 26.6 33.73 26.6 – – Education, training, and library occupations........................ 27.00 1.7 27.43 2.0 14.16 9.4 Group II.................................................. 19.48 8.5 – – – – Group III................................................. 28.66 1.5 – – – – Postsecondary teachers............................................ 30.84 7.9 30.82 8.0 – – Group III................................................. 39.97 22.0 – – – – Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers............................ 29.62 1.3 – – – – Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 27.89 1.9 28.05 2.1 – – Group III................................................. 28.54 1.5 – – – – Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 28.24 4.8 28.48 5.5 – – Group III................................................. 29.72 4.1 – – – – Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 27.80 4.5 28.07 5.1 – – Group III................................................. 29.45 3.3 29.45 3.3 – – Secondary school teachers....................................... 28.31 1.2 28.47 .6 – – Group III................................................. 28.47 .6 – – – – Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 28.31 1.2 28.47 .6 – – Group III................................................. 28.47 .6 28.47 .6 – – Special education teachers...................................... 26.36 1.9 26.36 1.9 – – Group III................................................. 26.49 1.6 – – – – Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 21.55 4.1 20.12 3.5 – – Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 23.78 9.7 23.68 11.8 24.44 10.0 Group II.................................................. 22.62 16.2 – – – – Group III................................................. 31.04 5.8 – – – – Registered nurses................................................. 27.89 4.7 27.82 5.3 28.11 5.6 Group II.................................................. 24.77 4.2 24.51 4.3 – – Group III................................................. 29.16 4.9 29.42 5.7 – – Therapists........................................................ 32.59 15.3 – – – – Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians... 13.35 17.6 – – – – Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 18.82 5.0 18.84 2.5 – – Group II.................................................. 18.83 5.9 18.92 2.9 – – Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.40 16.3 13.36 14.5 9.25 10.7 Group I................................................... 11.77 13.0 – – – – Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.74 4.5 11.37 1.3 9.27 12.4 Group I................................................... 10.71 4.8 – – – – Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 11.29 2.4 11.39 1.6 – – Group I................................................... 11.28 2.4 11.38 1.6 – – Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 13.65 19.8 14.45 18.0 – – Group I................................................... 13.74 19.9 – – – – Protective service occupations...................................... 17.13 10.3 17.31 10.5 – – Group I................................................... 11.30 3.4 – – – – Group II.................................................. 20.73 3.7 – – – – Police officers................................................... 22.25 7.8 22.25 7.8 – – Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.25 7.8 22.25 7.8 – – Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 11.20 3.9 – – – – Group I................................................... 11.20 3.9 – – – – Security guards................................................. 11.20 3.9 – – – – Group I................................................... 11.20 3.9 – – – – Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.86 2.8 9.33 4.1 6.72 4.9 Group I................................................... 7.71 3.6 – – – – Cooks............................................................. 9.47 4.7 – – 8.52 3.5 Group I................................................... 9.48 4.9 – – – – Cooks, restaurant............................................... 10.06 7.4 – – – – Group I................................................... 10.11 7.3 – – – – Food service, tipped.............................................. 6.74 11.9 7.86 20.8 5.09 14.1 Group I................................................... 6.74 11.9 – – – – Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 3.35 33.7 – – 4.08 13.5 Group I................................................... 3.35 33.7 – – 4.08 13.5 Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers...... 7.58 12.0 – – – – Group I................................................... 7.58 12.0 – – – – Fast food and counter workers..................................... 7.31 7.3 10.22 13.7 6.50 5.2 Group I................................................... 7.31 7.3 – – – – Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 6.90 3.7 – – 6.50 5.3 Group I................................................... 6.90 3.7 – – 6.50 5.3 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 12.75 16.0 13.04 17.3 9.07 2.4 Group I................................................... 10.10 3.4 – – – – Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.32 2.9 10.38 3.0 – – Group I................................................... 9.57 3.3 – – – – Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.45 3.1 11.54 3.3 – – Group I................................................... 10.48 3.1 10.60 2.8 – – Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.94 1.3 8.94 1.4 – – Group I................................................... 8.95 1.4 8.94 1.4 – – Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 11.11 3.8 11.51 4.2 – – Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 11.31 5.2 11.51 4.2 – – Personal care and service occupations............................... 9.31 15.7 – – 8.46 8.4 Group I................................................... 9.31 15.7 – – – – Sales and related occupations....................................... 19.16 16.9 21.87 18.9 8.97 8.1 Group I................................................... 11.19 7.9 – – – – Group II.................................................. 21.30 8.5 – – – – First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 26.17 17.8 26.17 17.8 – – Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.91 8.4 13.70 6.6 8.99 8.9 Group I................................................... 11.19 4.6 – – – – Cashiers, all workers........................................... 9.02 7.3 10.69 10.3 7.86 3.0 Group I................................................... 8.99 7.6 – – – – Cashiers...................................................... 9.02 7.3 10.69 10.3 7.86 3.0 Group I................................................... 8.99 7.6 10.77 11.4 7.86 3.0 Retail salespersons............................................. 13.16 10.1 14.16 5.5 10.40 22.9 Group I................................................... 12.14 .7 13.04 10.9 10.44 24.7 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 105.28 39.7 105.28 39.7 – – Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 22.04 14.6 22.04 14.6 – – Group II.................................................. 22.32 16.3 – – – – Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 22.10 14.6 22.10 14.6 – – Office and administrative support occupations....................... 15.76 2.5 16.25 2.5 12.26 5.5 Group I................................................... 14.46 4.7 – – – – Group II.................................................. 19.19 3.1 – – – – First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 21.97 7.3 21.97 7.3 – – Financial clerks.................................................. 14.53 3.8 14.86 4.2 12.52 3.6 Group I................................................... 13.29 2.7 – – – – Group II.................................................. 17.08 5.2 – – – – Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 14.79 4.3 14.97 4.5 – – Group I................................................... 13.73 4.5 13.85 5.3 – – Group II.................................................. 15.89 4.0 – – – – Tellers......................................................... 11.58 5.9 – – – – Group I................................................... 11.58 5.9 – – – – Customer service representatives.................................. 17.22 8.6 17.56 9.1 14.09 20.2 Group I................................................... 16.86 13.4 16.92 13.4 – – Group II.................................................. 21.22 5.1 21.11 6.2 – – Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.14 14.2 13.76 15.9 – – Group I................................................... 13.71 14.0 13.76 15.9 – – Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 9.97 7.1 – – 8.26 2.7 Group I................................................... 9.46 1.5 – – 8.26 2.7 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 18.45 5.5 18.98 4.8 – – Group I................................................... 14.63 5.0 – – – – Group II.................................................. 20.46 6.4 – – – – Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 19.09 7.0 19.35 7.5 – – Group II.................................................. 21.10 7.1 21.10 7.1 – – Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 13.01 10.7 – – – – Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 16.35 7.2 16.35 7.2 – – Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 10.99 9.6 – – – – Office clerks, general............................................ 14.85 5.1 15.55 5.0 12.11 9.7 Group I................................................... 13.95 6.4 14.66 5.4 10.20 6.0 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.92 6.8 16.92 6.8 – – Group I................................................... 13.13 4.5 – – – – Group II.................................................. 19.32 5.5 – – – – Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.69 4.1 20.69 4.1 – – Group II.................................................. 22.62 4.4 – – – – Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 21.33 12.5 21.33 12.5 – – Group II.................................................. 22.82 9.2 – – – – Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 21.02 14.8 21.02 14.8 – – Group II.................................................. 22.81 11.7 22.81 11.7 – – Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 18.97 14.2 18.97 14.2 – – Group II.................................................. 23.07 8.7 – – – – Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 24.16 3.5 24.16 3.5 – – Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 24.01 9.1 24.01 9.1 – – Production occupations.............................................. 16.61 6.2 16.79 6.2 10.93 15.7 Group I................................................... 12.58 6.0 – – – – Group II.................................................. 21.02 5.5 – – – – First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 27.43 19.2 27.43 19.2 – – Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 11.80 14.7 12.58 12.1 – – Printers.......................................................... 18.20 23.0 18.20 23.0 – – Group II.................................................. 21.94 4.8 – – – – Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 14.20 17.3 14.38 18.3 – – Group I................................................... 11.54 19.9 – – – – Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.14 3.8 15.29 3.4 10.27 4.8 Group I................................................... 12.60 4.0 – – – – Group II.................................................. 16.76 9.8 – – – – Bus drivers....................................................... 14.02 8.1 – – – – Group I................................................... 14.02 8.1 – – – – Bus drivers, school............................................. 14.02 8.1 – – – – Group I................................................... 14.02 8.1 – – – – Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 14.53 4.4 15.13 2.2 – – Group I................................................... 14.12 10.0 – – – – Group II.................................................. 14.75 2.8 – – – – Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 15.15 2.8 15.17 2.8 – – Group I................................................... 15.27 5.0 15.33 5.3 – – Group II.................................................. 15.03 3.7 15.03 3.7 – – Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.51 3.9 14.87 3.1 – – Group I................................................... 12.77 4.3 12.78 4.7 – – Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 11.54 6.7 12.49 8.1 10.16 5.1 Group I................................................... 11.88 8.3 – – – – Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 12.41 9.2 13.77 6.2 10.18 12.0 Group I................................................... 13.41 9.6 13.99 6.8 11.57 19.6 Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 8.75 5.4 – – – – Group I................................................... 8.39 5.8 – – – – 1 Combined work levels simplify the presentation of work levels by combining levels 1 through 15 into four broad groups. Group I combines levels 1-4, group II combines levels 5-8, group III combines levels 9-12, and group IV combines levels 13-15. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. Table 6. Civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Richmond, VA, October 2007 Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All workers........................................................... $8.40 $11.67 $16.40 $23.11 $32.61 Management occupations.............................................. 22.48 23.56 30.65 42.42 56.44 Computer and information systems managers......................... 35.94 48.76 49.50 66.38 80.26 Financial managers................................................ 20.79 25.60 42.42 57.00 71.87 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.06 19.98 23.20 32.98 41.39 Management analysts............................................... 18.49 20.38 20.50 32.45 44.82 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 19.82 20.50 23.00 31.34 41.39 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 20.22 24.90 34.18 39.57 44.87 Computer programmers.............................................. 28.50 35.71 36.83 37.55 37.59 Computer software engineers....................................... 29.12 29.42 36.58 39.06 47.19 Computer systems analysts......................................... 28.08 32.94 40.11 46.40 58.72 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 21.13 30.91 41.39 52.31 57.26 Engineers......................................................... 31.25 37.74 45.35 55.05 63.54 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 16.62 20.91 23.04 23.52 28.13 Community and social services occupations........................... 15.43 17.06 20.03 22.52 28.35 Counselors........................................................ 17.06 20.80 21.81 22.52 31.12 Legal occupations................................................... 16.76 20.31 28.52 35.36 59.51 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 16.45 22.64 25.58 31.49 38.98 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 17.55 19.71 28.61 39.60 48.08 Miscellaneous postsecondary teachers............................ 17.55 17.64 23.42 39.60 42.39 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 22.74 23.96 26.44 30.94 36.94 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 21.59 23.96 27.57 32.22 37.81 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 18.44 23.83 27.14 31.67 37.20 Secondary school teachers....................................... 22.74 24.26 26.69 31.49 36.96 Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 22.74 24.26 26.69 31.49 36.96 Special education teachers...................................... 22.74 23.83 25.45 28.37 32.04 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 15.70 20.48 20.48 22.32 29.34 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 13.24 16.16 23.05 30.00 37.00 Registered nurses................................................. 20.11 23.42 28.00 32.14 35.45 Therapists........................................................ 22.19 25.97 27.03 41.69 46.50 Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians... 9.28 9.70 11.09 14.06 22.69 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 15.53 16.00 20.00 20.46 21.28 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 8.00 10.11 11.00 12.65 20.00 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 7.60 9.58 11.00 12.47 12.65 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 9.50 10.57 11.00 12.47 13.00 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 8.00 11.00 11.60 16.00 20.00 Protective service occupations...................................... 9.48 11.80 15.52 21.15 27.56 Police officers................................................... 17.10 18.10 20.99 25.63 29.77 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 17.10 18.10 20.99 25.63 29.77 Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.................. 9.00 9.48 11.80 11.80 11.80 Security guards................................................. 9.00 9.48 11.80 11.80 11.80 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.13 6.50 8.00 10.00 11.11 Cooks............................................................. 5.85 8.50 10.00 11.00 11.50 Cooks, restaurant............................................... 8.50 8.75 9.75 11.00 12.00 Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.13 7.46 11.11 11.11 Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.50 10.00 Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers...... 4.00 7.46 8.00 8.83 9.19 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 5.85 6.50 6.95 8.00 9.50 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 5.85 6.50 6.85 7.50 8.84 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.26 9.01 10.25 13.00 13.14 Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.00 8.59 9.75 12.93 13.14 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.76 9.31 12.25 13.14 13.14 Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 7.75 8.25 8.58 9.40 10.71 Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 9.50 10.25 10.83 12.53 13.00 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 9.50 10.25 11.00 12.53 13.00 Personal care and service occupations............................... 6.75 7.00 8.00 9.50 17.86 Sales and related occupations....................................... 7.63 8.15 12.73 17.97 27.59 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 11.33 15.63 30.52 36.53 41.75 Retail sales workers.............................................. 7.06 8.00 10.37 14.13 18.56 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.65 7.50 8.30 9.86 13.05 Cashiers...................................................... 6.65 7.50 8.30 9.86 13.05 Retail salespersons............................................. 7.63 8.25 10.93 15.31 19.70 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 13.40 16.02 49.52 119.55 378.84 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 15.50 15.50 17.77 23.50 45.41 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 15.50 15.50 17.77 23.50 45.41 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 10.15 12.67 15.14 18.00 22.66 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 16.46 18.07 22.66 22.66 26.02 Financial clerks.................................................. 10.69 12.67 14.46 16.22 17.89 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 11.57 13.00 15.19 16.54 17.41 Tellers......................................................... 9.98 9.98 11.82 12.67 12.67 Customer service representatives.................................. 11.81 12.89 16.52 22.00 25.67 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 8.00 10.00 12.50 15.34 18.00 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 7.75 8.70 9.30 9.40 14.40 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 13.09 14.70 18.90 22.11 24.46 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 14.04 14.70 18.90 23.21 27.55 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 9.11 10.35 13.63 15.50 17.73 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 13.93 14.42 15.41 17.31 21.70 Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 7.81 9.91 9.91 13.06 13.06 Office clerks, general............................................ 10.00 12.00 13.75 17.50 20.51 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 10.50 13.50 16.40 20.36 21.40 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 11.00 15.38 20.19 26.83 30.55 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 10.79 17.15 20.81 24.14 30.96 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 10.79 16.00 19.23 23.43 33.37 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 10.00 12.00 16.63 26.88 32.92 Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 14.00 16.23 19.54 32.92 32.92 Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 19.04 21.51 26.88 26.88 26.88 Production occupations.............................................. 8.00 10.25 15.75 20.33 24.77 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 14.61 14.90 29.24 31.44 34.21 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 7.80 8.61 10.25 13.19 15.48 Printers.......................................................... 11.00 11.00 20.65 20.65 22.43 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 6.50 7.50 14.35 20.33 23.49 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 9.00 11.33 13.44 16.00 19.75 Bus drivers....................................................... 11.15 12.68 12.97 15.35 18.73 Bus drivers, school............................................. 11.15 12.68 12.97 15.35 18.73 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 11.68 13.33 15.00 15.50 18.00 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 12.08 14.17 15.00 15.50 18.00 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 10.20 11.75 14.00 17.80 18.15 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 8.28 9.00 10.00 13.44 18.00 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 9.00 9.01 11.91 14.25 18.20 Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 6.50 8.00 9.00 10.00 10.00 1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. Table 7. Private industry workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Richmond, VA, October 2007 Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All workers........................................................... $8.00 $11.00 $15.75 $22.66 $32.14 Management occupations.............................................. 22.12 23.56 28.85 40.36 56.44 Financial managers................................................ 19.98 24.41 42.42 62.50 89.42 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.06 20.50 25.22 34.14 43.51 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 20.50 20.50 22.23 35.37 43.51 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 24.26 24.90 35.48 41.35 47.19 Computer systems analysts......................................... 28.08 32.94 40.11 46.40 58.72 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 30.91 37.74 45.35 55.05 63.54 Engineers......................................................... 33.41 40.43 46.96 56.39 71.78 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 22.31 23.04 23.52 26.67 29.42 Community and social services occupations........................... 16.32 16.32 17.38 22.69 31.12 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 15.02 16.91 21.59 29.66 35.14 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 26.25 32.85 33.90 35.14 43.98 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 19.99 20.48 20.48 25.00 29.34 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 15.94 16.16 23.11 31.00 37.00 Registered nurses................................................. 19.71 24.07 28.00 31.74 33.27 Therapists........................................................ 21.78 23.59 25.97 27.42 35.77 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 16.00 16.00 20.08 20.46 23.21 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 8.00 10.11 11.00 12.65 20.00 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 7.55 9.50 11.00 12.00 12.65 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 9.50 10.50 11.00 12.47 12.65 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 8.00 11.00 11.60 16.00 20.00 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.13 6.50 7.96 10.00 11.11 Cooks............................................................. 5.85 8.50 10.00 11.00 11.50 Cooks, restaurant............................................... 8.50 8.75 9.75 11.00 12.00 Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.13 7.00 11.11 11.11 Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.50 10.00 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 5.85 6.50 6.90 8.00 9.40 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 5.85 6.50 6.85 7.50 8.84 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.28 9.24 10.25 13.14 13.14 Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.25 8.75 9.96 13.14 13.14 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 9.20 9.68 13.14 13.14 13.14 Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.00 8.26 8.59 9.50 10.50 Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 9.50 10.00 10.25 13.00 13.00 Personal care and service occupations............................... 6.75 7.00 7.99 9.50 17.86 Sales and related occupations....................................... 7.63 8.07 12.75 17.97 27.59 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 11.33 15.63 30.52 36.53 41.75 Retail sales workers.............................................. 7.00 7.92 9.85 13.55 18.56 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.64 7.00 8.00 9.00 9.60 Cashiers...................................................... 6.64 7.00 8.00 9.00 9.60 Retail salespersons............................................. 7.63 8.25 10.93 15.31 19.70 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 13.40 16.02 49.52 119.55 378.84 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 15.50 15.50 17.77 23.50 45.41 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 15.50 15.50 17.77 23.50 45.41 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 9.95 12.20 14.70 17.89 22.66 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 15.72 21.58 22.66 22.66 39.86 Financial clerks.................................................. 10.04 12.58 13.80 15.42 17.17 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 10.69 12.96 14.01 15.92 16.54 Tellers......................................................... 9.98 9.98 11.82 12.67 12.67 Customer service representatives.................................. 11.81 12.35 14.75 23.04 26.68 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 8.00 10.00 12.50 15.34 18.00 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 7.75 8.70 9.30 9.40 14.40 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 10.75 13.63 18.31 21.31 24.24 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 13.09 14.25 16.68 19.54 24.24 Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 7.00 10.35 13.63 14.89 16.16 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 13.93 14.42 15.41 17.31 21.70 Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service..... 7.81 9.91 9.91 13.06 13.06 Office clerks, general............................................ 9.62 12.00 14.06 17.65 21.01 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 10.50 13.50 16.50 20.36 21.40 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 10.79 15.50 20.19 26.88 30.55 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 10.79 17.15 20.81 24.14 30.96 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 10.79 16.00 19.23 23.43 33.37 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 10.00 11.00 17.75 26.88 32.92 Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 14.00 16.23 19.54 32.92 32.92 Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 19.04 21.51 26.88 26.88 26.88 Production occupations.............................................. 8.00 10.10 15.75 20.33 25.25 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 14.90 29.24 31.44 31.44 67.40 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 7.80 8.61 10.25 13.19 15.48 Printers.......................................................... 11.00 11.00 20.65 20.65 22.43 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 6.50 7.50 14.35 20.33 23.49 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 9.00 11.36 13.44 16.01 19.93 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 11.68 13.33 15.00 15.50 18.00 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 12.08 14.17 15.00 15.50 18.00 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 10.20 11.75 14.00 17.80 18.15 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 8.28 9.00 10.00 13.44 18.00 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 9.00 9.01 11.91 14.25 18.20 Packers and packagers, hand..................................... 6.50 8.00 9.00 10.00 10.00 1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. Table 8. State and local government workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Richmond, VA, October 2007 Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All workers........................................................... $11.78 $15.02 $19.36 $24.98 $33.96 Management occupations.............................................. 22.48 29.68 34.21 49.50 57.00 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 16.59 18.94 20.54 30.37 32.45 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 20.22 23.38 28.91 35.46 37.94 Community and social services occupations........................... 14.90 17.50 20.80 22.52 27.54 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 17.55 22.74 25.81 31.81 39.60 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 17.55 17.64 24.38 39.60 49.47 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 23.12 24.39 26.79 31.34 36.96 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 23.28 24.90 28.41 32.62 37.81 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 23.27 24.68 28.41 32.32 37.81 Secondary school teachers....................................... 22.74 24.26 26.32 31.17 36.96 Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 22.74 24.26 26.32 31.17 36.96 Special education teachers...................................... 23.27 23.83 25.56 28.37 32.72 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 9.65 13.35 20.41 25.48 35.43 Protective service occupations...................................... 13.53 15.84 18.56 23.93 29.57 Police officers................................................... 17.10 18.10 20.99 25.63 29.77 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 17.10 18.10 20.99 25.63 29.77 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.06 8.67 10.40 11.82 12.53 Building cleaning workers......................................... 7.82 8.58 9.11 11.18 12.74 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 12.40 14.31 16.52 18.63 23.21 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 15.53 16.96 20.19 23.92 27.55 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 15.53 16.96 20.43 24.08 27.55 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 11.71 13.49 15.53 17.93 21.85 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 7.75 10.20 12.86 14.07 17.97 Bus drivers....................................................... 11.15 12.68 12.97 15.35 18.73 Bus drivers, school............................................. 11.15 12.68 12.97 15.35 18.73 1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. Table 9. Full-time(1) civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(2), Richmond, VA, October 2007 Full-time workers Occupation(3) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All workers........................................................... $10.00 $13.00 $17.71 $23.84 $34.15 Management occupations.............................................. 22.48 23.56 30.65 42.42 56.44 Computer and information systems managers......................... 35.94 48.76 49.50 66.38 80.26 Financial managers................................................ 20.79 25.60 42.42 57.00 71.87 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.06 19.98 23.20 32.98 41.39 Management analysts............................................... 18.49 20.38 20.50 32.45 44.82 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 19.82 20.50 23.00 31.34 41.39 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 24.26 24.90 34.53 40.39 45.19 Computer programmers.............................................. 28.50 35.71 36.83 37.55 37.59 Computer software engineers....................................... 29.12 29.42 36.58 39.06 47.19 Computer systems analysts......................................... 28.08 32.94 40.11 46.40 58.72 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 21.13 30.91 41.39 52.31 57.26 Engineers......................................................... 31.25 37.74 45.35 55.05 63.54 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 20.91 23.04 23.52 26.25 28.13 Community and social services occupations........................... 15.43 17.06 20.11 22.52 28.33 Counselors........................................................ 17.06 20.80 21.81 22.52 31.12 Legal occupations................................................... 16.76 20.31 28.52 35.36 59.51 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 17.11 22.74 25.77 31.81 39.44 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 17.55 18.97 27.86 39.60 48.56 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 22.74 23.96 26.69 31.17 36.96 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 21.78 24.26 27.93 32.28 37.81 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 21.59 23.83 27.14 31.70 37.24 Secondary school teachers....................................... 23.25 24.39 26.71 31.49 36.96 Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 23.25 24.39 26.71 31.49 36.96 Special education teachers...................................... 22.74 23.83 25.45 28.37 32.04 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 15.70 19.99 20.48 21.37 22.32 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 13.24 16.16 21.79 30.00 37.47 Registered nurses................................................. 20.09 23.17 27.16 32.14 36.49 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 15.00 17.20 20.08 20.46 21.15 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 9.58 11.00 11.40 13.00 20.00 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 9.53 10.96 11.00 12.47 12.65 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 9.50 11.00 11.00 12.47 12.75 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 9.25 11.00 12.08 17.00 25.00 Protective service occupations...................................... 9.50 11.80 15.52 21.24 27.64 Police officers................................................... 17.10 18.10 20.99 25.63 29.77 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 17.10 18.10 20.99 25.63 29.77 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.13 8.25 9.45 11.11 12.50 Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.13 10.15 11.11 11.11 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 6.00 8.75 9.15 12.00 14.47 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 8.28 9.11 10.47 13.00 13.14 Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.00 8.60 9.80 13.13 13.14 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.76 9.66 12.93 13.14 13.14 Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 7.75 8.25 8.58 9.39 10.71 Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 10.25 10.25 11.70 13.00 13.00 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 10.25 10.25 11.70 13.00 13.00 Sales and related occupations....................................... 8.05 10.46 14.61 18.56 30.52 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 11.33 15.63 30.52 36.53 41.75 Retail sales workers.............................................. 8.00 9.40 11.93 16.00 18.56 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 8.30 8.50 10.05 12.34 14.64 Cashiers...................................................... 8.30 8.50 10.05 12.34 14.64 Retail salespersons............................................. 7.63 10.69 12.31 15.85 22.02 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 13.40 16.02 49.52 119.55 378.84 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 15.50 15.50 17.77 23.50 45.41 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 15.50 15.50 17.77 23.50 45.41 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 11.50 13.21 15.49 18.17 23.04 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 16.46 18.07 22.66 22.66 26.02 Financial clerks.................................................. 10.69 12.67 14.81 16.54 18.13 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 10.79 12.96 15.19 16.54 17.86 Customer service representatives.................................. 11.81 13.14 16.52 23.04 26.68 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 8.00 11.31 13.45 18.00 18.00 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 13.09 14.70 19.23 23.19 24.58 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 13.09 14.70 19.23 23.60 27.55 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 13.93 14.42 15.41 17.31 21.70 Office clerks, general............................................ 12.00 12.52 14.30 17.91 21.01 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 10.50 13.50 16.40 20.36 21.40 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 11.00 15.38 20.19 26.83 30.55 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 10.79 17.15 20.81 24.14 30.96 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 10.79 16.00 19.23 23.43 33.37 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 10.00 12.00 16.63 26.88 32.92 Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 14.00 16.23 19.54 32.92 32.92 Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 19.04 21.51 26.88 26.88 26.88 Production occupations.............................................. 8.00 10.55 16.05 20.65 24.77 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 14.61 14.90 29.24 31.44 34.21 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 8.00 9.50 11.41 14.37 16.85 Printers.......................................................... 11.00 11.00 20.65 20.65 22.43 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 6.50 7.40 14.35 20.33 23.49 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 10.02 12.08 14.53 17.80 20.92 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 12.08 13.40 15.00 15.50 18.00 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 12.08 14.17 15.00 15.50 18.00 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 10.20 12.50 15.30 17.89 18.15 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 8.33 9.01 11.59 14.65 18.31 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 9.01 11.50 12.99 17.38 19.93 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. Table 10. Part-time(1) civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(2), Richmond, VA, October 2007 Part-time workers Occupation(3) 10 25 Median 75 90 50 All workers........................................................... $6.10 $7.00 $9.00 $12.00 $17.50 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 9.16 9.16 10.29 18.95 29.90 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 16.00 16.00 23.54 30.00 33.32 Registered nurses................................................. 22.04 24.07 28.28 32.26 33.32 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 7.00 7.20 8.50 10.95 12.00 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 7.00 7.25 9.00 10.65 13.20 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.15 6.20 6.90 7.95 9.05 Cooks............................................................. 5.85 5.85 8.50 10.21 11.50 Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.13 2.13 4.00 7.00 10.00 Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.13 2.13 2.15 2.50 10.00 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 5.50 6.50 6.75 7.00 8.00 Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food........................................................... 5.50 6.50 6.75 7.00 8.00 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 7.80 8.84 9.35 9.50 9.50 Personal care and service occupations............................... 6.75 7.00 7.99 9.50 11.18 Sales and related occupations....................................... 6.64 7.25 8.00 9.20 11.95 Retail sales workers.............................................. 6.64 7.14 8.00 9.10 11.95 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.64 7.00 7.50 8.40 9.25 Cashiers...................................................... 6.64 7.00 7.50 8.40 9.25 Retail salespersons............................................. 7.00 7.90 8.25 10.55 17.57 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 8.50 9.50 10.87 14.88 16.96 Financial clerks.................................................. 7.76 10.87 13.00 14.79 16.50 Customer service representatives.................................. 9.00 10.30 12.00 22.00 22.00 Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 7.50 7.82 8.00 9.00 9.10 Office clerks, general............................................ 9.12 9.62 10.00 14.64 17.50 Production occupations.............................................. 7.80 8.61 10.00 10.50 16.32 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 6.00 9.00 10.00 12.00 13.44 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 6.70 9.00 9.07 11.15 13.44 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 9.00 9.00 9.07 9.07 17.52 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 11. Full-time(1) civilian workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours, Richmond, VA, October 2007 Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(2) Mean Mean Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual hours hours All workers........................................................... $20.97 $17.71 $836 $714 39.9 $42,970 $37,126 2,049 Management occupations.............................................. 38.36 30.65 1,582 1,289 41.3 82,289 67,018 2,145 Computer and information systems managers......................... 55.06 49.50 2,202 1,980 40.0 114,529 102,952 2,080 Financial managers................................................ 48.64 42.42 1,939 1,697 39.9 100,809 88,227 2,073 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 28.96 23.20 1,152 928 39.8 59,886 48,250 2,068 Management analysts............................................... 26.32 20.50 1,044 820 39.6 54,265 42,640 2,061 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 27.02 23.00 1,081 920 40.0 56,206 47,840 2,080 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 34.03 34.53 1,348 1,357 39.6 70,104 70,549 2,060 Computer programmers.............................................. 35.57 36.83 1,374 1,473 38.6 71,463 76,602 2,009 Computer software engineers....................................... 35.98 36.58 1,439 1,463 40.0 74,834 76,078 2,080 Computer systems analysts......................................... 41.37 40.11 1,633 1,605 39.5 84,896 83,468 2,052 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 41.84 41.39 1,650 1,634 39.5 85,824 84,958 2,051 Engineers......................................................... 46.41 45.35 1,825 1,792 39.3 94,882 93,200 2,045 Life, physical, and social science occupations...................... 24.20 23.52 961 941 39.7 49,986 48,922 2,066 Community and social services occupations........................... 20.65 20.11 816 804 39.5 42,288 41,201 2,048 Counselors........................................................ 22.65 21.81 879 857 38.8 45,260 44,583 1,998 Legal occupations................................................... 33.73 28.52 1,278 1,069 37.9 66,439 55,612 1,970 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 27.43 25.77 1,060 1,019 38.6 44,743 41,569 1,631 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 30.82 27.86 1,220 1,114 39.6 60,099 57,943 1,950 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 28.05 26.69 1,087 1,038 38.8 43,929 41,573 1,566 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 28.48 27.93 1,084 1,045 38.0 43,209 41,321 1,517 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 28.07 27.14 1,074 1,045 38.3 42,950 41,321 1,530 Secondary school teachers....................................... 28.47 26.71 1,118 1,045 39.3 45,270 42,245 1,590 Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 28.47 26.71 1,118 1,045 39.3 45,270 42,245 1,590 Special education teachers...................................... 26.36 25.45 1,032 979 39.1 42,597 40,980 1,616 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 20.12 20.48 779 819 38.7 40,515 42,600 2,013 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 23.68 21.79 943 957 39.8 48,563 48,458 2,051 Registered nurses................................................. 27.82 27.16 1,076 1,070 38.7 55,080 55,349 1,980 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 18.84 20.08 739 780 39.2 38,451 40,560 2,041 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 13.36 11.40 498 448 37.3 25,903 23,296 1,939 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 11.37 11.00 440 440 38.8 22,904 22,874 2,015 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 11.39 11.00 441 440 38.7 22,911 22,874 2,011 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 14.45 12.08 515 475 35.6 26,756 24,690 1,851 Protective service occupations...................................... 17.31 15.52 712 696 41.1 36,610 36,193 2,114 Police officers................................................... 22.25 20.99 890 840 40.0 46,290 43,659 2,080 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.25 20.99 890 840 40.0 46,290 43,659 2,080 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 9.33 9.45 383 375 41.0 19,694 19,500 2,111 Food service, tipped.............................................. 7.86 10.15 319 378 40.7 16,390 16,726 2,086 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 10.22 9.15 382 353 37.4 19,412 18,381 1,899 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 13.04 10.47 504 406 38.7 26,219 21,112 2,010 Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.38 9.80 400 382 38.6 20,812 19,864 2,006 Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.54 12.93 462 517 40.0 24,009 26,892 2,080 Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.94 8.58 328 325 36.6 17,034 16,894 1,905 Grounds maintenance workers....................................... 11.51 11.70 444 442 38.5 23,064 23,001 2,004 Landscaping and groundskeeping workers.......................... 11.51 11.70 444 442 38.5 23,064 23,001 2,004 Sales and related occupations....................................... 21.87 14.61 877 584 40.1 45,591 30,380 2,085 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 26.17 30.52 1,073 1,370 41.0 55,795 71,234 2,132 Retail sales workers.............................................. 13.70 11.93 544 445 39.7 28,294 23,114 2,065 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 10.69 10.05 419 394 39.2 21,789 20,509 2,038 Cashiers...................................................... 10.69 10.05 419 394 39.2 21,789 20,509 2,038 Retail salespersons............................................. 14.16 12.31 565 445 39.9 29,356 23,114 2,073 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 105.28 49.52 4,211 1,981 40.0 218,986 103,000 2,080 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 22.04 17.77 884 711 40.1 45,966 36,957 2,086 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 22.10 17.77 887 711 40.1 46,106 36,957 2,086 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 16.25 15.49 640 609 39.4 33,272 31,678 2,047 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 21.97 22.66 879 906 40.0 45,704 47,124 2,080 Financial clerks.................................................. 14.86 14.81 589 587 39.7 30,637 30,514 2,062 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 14.97 15.19 593 608 39.6 30,818 31,597 2,059 Customer service representatives.................................. 17.56 16.52 697 620 39.7 36,233 32,222 2,064 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.76 13.45 484 500 35.2 25,074 26,000 1,823 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 18.98 19.23 739 759 39.0 38,450 39,450 2,026 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 19.35 19.23 769 770 39.8 40,005 40,019 2,067 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 16.35 15.41 628 619 38.4 32,666 32,200 1,998 Office clerks, general............................................ 15.55 14.30 618 564 39.7 32,114 29,340 2,065 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.92 16.40 677 656 40.0 34,927 34,110 2,064 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.69 20.19 834 808 40.3 43,366 41,991 2,096 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 21.33 20.81 887 849 41.6 46,121 44,132 2,162 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 21.02 19.23 881 831 41.9 45,820 43,200 2,180 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 18.97 16.63 751 665 39.6 39,066 34,599 2,059 Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 24.16 19.54 941 1,147 38.9 48,927 59,646 2,025 Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 24.01 26.88 958 1,075 39.9 49,828 55,910 2,075 Production occupations.............................................. 16.79 16.05 667 642 39.7 34,675 33,384 2,066 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 27.43 29.24 1,091 1,170 39.8 56,752 60,815 2,069 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 12.58 11.41 503 456 40.0 26,163 23,733 2,080 Printers.......................................................... 18.20 20.65 728 826 40.0 37,851 42,956 2,080 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 14.38 14.35 572 574 39.8 29,744 29,848 2,068 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 15.29 14.53 638 610 41.7 32,791 31,512 2,145 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 15.13 15.00 669 620 44.2 34,788 32,240 2,299 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 15.17 15.00 688 630 45.3 35,752 32,760 2,357 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.87 15.30 596 612 40.1 31,002 31,824 2,085 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 12.49 11.59 498 448 39.9 25,893 23,302 2,074 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 13.77 12.99 548 520 39.8 28,489 27,019 2,070 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 12. Full-time(1) private industry workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours, Richmond, VA, October 2007 Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(2) Mean Mean Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual hours hours All workers........................................................... $20.84 $17.00 $832 $696 39.9 $43,160 $35,984 2,071 Management occupations.............................................. 38.54 28.85 1,596 1,270 41.4 83,009 66,015 2,154 Financial managers................................................ 47.74 42.42 1,902 1,697 39.8 98,919 88,227 2,072 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 30.88 25.22 1,227 1,009 39.7 63,828 52,447 2,067 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 27.46 22.23 1,098 889 40.0 57,121 46,228 2,080 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 34.40 35.48 1,360 1,330 39.5 70,719 69,137 2,056 Computer systems analysts......................................... 41.37 40.11 1,633 1,605 39.5 84,896 83,468 2,052 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 45.81 45.35 1,801 1,789 39.3 93,677 93,022 2,045 Engineers......................................................... 48.79 46.96 1,914 1,814 39.2 99,520 94,332 2,040 Community and social services occupations........................... 20.10 17.26 799 691 39.8 41,550 35,909 2,067 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 24.49 21.65 951 859 38.8 41,642 34,074 1,700 Postsecondary teachers............................................ 34.83 33.90 1,333 1,273 38.3 62,870 66,201 1,805 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.......... 20.62 20.48 787 819 38.2 40,932 42,600 1,985 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 24.79 23.11 983 1,040 39.7 51,111 54,075 2,062 Registered nurses................................................. 27.70 27.35 1,079 1,082 39.0 56,120 56,243 2,026 Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses................. 19.38 20.08 764 803 39.4 39,728 41,764 2,050 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 13.36 11.40 498 448 37.3 25,903 23,296 1,939 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 11.37 11.00 440 440 38.8 22,904 22,874 2,015 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 11.39 11.00 441 440 38.7 22,911 22,874 2,011 Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 14.45 12.08 515 475 35.6 26,756 24,690 1,851 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 9.33 9.50 386 386 41.3 20,032 20,052 2,148 Food service, tipped.............................................. 7.81 10.15 319 386 40.8 16,580 20,052 2,123 Fast food and counter workers..................................... 10.25 9.15 391 353 38.2 20,351 18,381 1,986 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 14.22 10.47 541 400 38.1 28,155 20,800 1,980 Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.61 10.00 403 390 38.0 20,936 20,280 1,974 Maids and housekeeping cleaners................................. 8.88 8.53 308 288 34.7 16,005 14,976 1,802 Sales and related occupations....................................... 22.23 15.35 891 609 40.1 46,337 31,658 2,085 First-line supervisors/managers, sales workers.................... 26.17 30.52 1,073 1,370 41.0 55,795 71,234 2,132 Retail sales workers.............................................. 13.80 11.86 548 437 39.7 28,475 22,745 2,064 Cashiers, all workers........................................... 9.43 9.00 365 332 38.7 18,984 17,264 2,012 Cashiers...................................................... 9.43 9.00 365 332 38.7 18,984 17,264 2,012 Retail salespersons............................................. 14.16 12.31 565 445 39.9 29,356 23,114 2,073 Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...... 105.28 49.52 4,211 1,981 40.0 218,986 103,000 2,080 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing................ 22.04 17.77 884 711 40.1 45,966 36,957 2,086 Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products.............................. 22.10 17.77 887 711 40.1 46,106 36,957 2,086 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 16.04 15.19 631 599 39.4 32,819 31,152 2,046 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 23.70 22.66 948 906 40.0 49,300 47,124 2,080 Financial clerks.................................................. 14.47 14.21 575 576 39.7 29,897 29,952 2,066 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 14.34 15.19 570 608 39.7 29,635 31,597 2,066 Customer service representatives.................................. 17.60 15.80 703 630 39.9 36,537 32,745 2,076 Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 13.76 13.45 484 500 35.2 25,074 26,000 1,823 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 18.12 18.90 701 721 38.7 36,472 37,497 2,012 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 17.58 16.68 701 646 39.9 36,444 33,610 2,073 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 16.35 15.41 628 619 38.4 32,666 32,200 1,998 Office clerks, general............................................ 16.08 15.87 639 634 39.8 33,252 32,980 2,067 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 17.03 16.50 681 660 40.0 35,121 34,320 2,062 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.82 20.19 840 812 40.3 43,655 42,203 2,097 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 21.33 20.81 887 849 41.6 46,121 44,132 2,162 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 21.02 19.23 881 831 41.9 45,820 43,200 2,180 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 19.56 17.75 773 714 39.5 40,193 37,128 2,055 Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 24.16 19.54 941 1,147 38.9 48,927 59,646 2,025 Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 24.01 26.88 958 1,075 39.9 49,828 55,910 2,075 Production occupations.............................................. 16.75 16.05 666 642 39.7 34,619 33,384 2,067 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 32.80 31.44 1,301 1,258 39.7 67,670 65,395 2,063 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 12.58 11.41 503 456 40.0 26,163 23,733 2,080 Printers.......................................................... 18.20 20.65 728 826 40.0 37,851 42,956 2,080 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 14.38 14.35 572 574 39.8 29,744 29,848 2,068 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 15.30 14.75 643 614 42.0 33,445 31,928 2,185 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 15.13 15.00 669 620 44.2 34,788 32,240 2,299 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 15.17 15.00 688 630 45.3 35,752 32,760 2,357 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.87 15.30 596 612 40.1 31,002 31,824 2,085 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 12.49 11.59 498 448 39.9 25,893 23,302 2,074 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 13.77 12.99 548 520 39.8 28,489 27,019 2,070 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 13. Full-time(1) State and local government workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours, Richmond, VA, October 2007 Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(2) Mean Mean Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual hours hours All workers........................................................... $21.53 $19.82 $854 $794 39.7 $42,197 $39,391 1,960 Management occupations.............................................. 36.92 34.21 1,477 1,369 40.0 76,804 71,165 2,080 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 23.63 20.54 941 821 39.8 48,954 42,715 2,072 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 32.24 34.53 1,290 1,381 40.0 67,097 71,818 2,081 Community and social services occupations........................... 20.78 20.80 820 832 39.5 42,462 43,110 2,044 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 27.87 26.06 1,076 1,023 38.6 45,184 41,824 1,621 Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 28.56 26.79 1,107 1,043 38.8 44,668 41,811 1,564 Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 29.79 28.41 1,133 1,072 38.0 45,003 41,953 1,511 Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 29.53 28.41 1,130 1,072 38.3 45,020 41,953 1,525 Secondary school teachers....................................... 28.37 26.69 1,113 1,043 39.2 44,932 42,104 1,584 Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education.................................................... 28.37 26.69 1,113 1,043 39.2 44,932 42,104 1,584 Special education teachers...................................... 26.68 25.56 1,043 991 39.1 43,249 40,980 1,621 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 20.70 20.13 833 769 40.3 41,857 38,766 2,022 Protective service occupations...................................... 20.38 18.56 866 823 42.5 45,041 42,784 2,210 Police officers................................................... 22.25 20.99 890 840 40.0 46,290 43,659 2,080 Police and sheriff's patrol officers............................ 22.25 20.99 890 840 40.0 46,290 43,659 2,080 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 10.39 10.47 415 419 40.0 21,606 21,773 2,080 Building cleaning workers......................................... 9.87 9.15 395 366 40.0 20,524 19,024 2,080 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 17.09 16.52 674 635 39.4 35,050 32,999 2,051 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 21.29 20.77 845 831 39.7 43,936 43,208 2,063 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 16.10 15.53 644 621 40.0 33,485 32,302 2,080 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 14. Size of establishment: Mean hourly earnings(1) of private industry establishments for major occupational groups, Richmond, VA, October 2007 1-99 100-499 500 Occupational group(2) Total workers workers workers or more All workers.................................. $19.27 $17.34 $20.67 $23.09 Management, professional, and related...... 31.94 25.81 37.55 36.29 Management, business, and financial...... 35.56 26.66 47.06 40.40 Professional and related................. 29.41 25.15 31.27 33.81 Service.................................... 10.01 9.48 10.67 12.03 Sales and office........................... 16.99 18.25 16.70 14.56 Sales and related........................ 19.40 21.48 17.27 13.24 Office and administrative support........ 15.47 15.20 16.40 14.93 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance............................... 18.48 17.88 19.06 27.95 Construction and extraction............. 17.03 17.27 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair.... 20.82 19.19 22.13 27.95 Production, transportation, and material moving.................................... 15.38 14.64 15.09 17.82 Production............................... 16.57 16.35 15.63 17.94 Transportation and material moving....... 14.19 13.51 14.45 17.52 B 1-99 100-499 500 Total workers workers workers or more Occupational group(2) Relative error(3) (percent) Relative error(3) (percent) All workers........................................................... 4.7 5.7 13.9 5.0 Management, professional, and related............................... 5.6 6.4 18.6 5.1 Management, business, and financial............................... 10.4 7.9 25.0 9.4 Professional and related.......................................... 4.4 10.5 8.5 4.2 Service............................................................. 8.0 11.3 7.3 10.2 Sales and office.................................................... 8.6 15.4 11.8 4.0 Sales and related................................................. 17.3 26.0 26.2 6.3 Office and administrative support................................. 3.2 6.9 5.9 3.6 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 1.9 3.3 7.4 3.6 Construction and extraction...................................... 7.4 7.5 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 4.4 3.4 8.9 3.6 Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 4.1 5.1 8.6 2.1 Production........................................................ 6.4 7.6 17.4 2.9 Transportation and material moving................................ 3.9 6.9 6.8 4.5 1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 15. Establishments with fewer than 100 workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for full-time(1) private industry workers, Richmond, VA, October 2007 Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(2) Mean Mean Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual hours hours All workers........................................................... $19.11 $16.40 $767 $680 40.1 $39,743 $35,360 2,080 Management occupations.............................................. 27.94 24.41 1,194 1,200 42.7 62,093 62,392 2,222 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 21.98 20.50 879 820 40.0 45,710 42,640 2,080 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 36.60 35.71 1,411 1,250 38.6 73,383 64,999 2,005 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 24.42 23.11 978 1,040 40.0 50,832 54,075 2,082 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 14.91 11.00 540 448 36.2 28,090 23,296 1,884 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 9.02 9.38 378 376 41.9 19,652 19,552 2,178 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 18.74 10.25 688 369 36.7 35,768 19,188 1,909 Sales and related occupations....................................... 24.23 15.58 966 623 39.8 50,209 32,398 2,072 Retail sales workers.............................................. 16.19 14.58 639 640 39.5 33,235 33,280 2,052 Retail salespersons............................................. 17.83 14.58 711 640 39.9 36,961 33,280 2,073 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 16.06 14.70 624 576 38.9 32,457 29,952 2,021 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 16.79 14.70 643 588 38.3 33,441 30,580 1,992 Office clerks, general............................................ 15.52 13.75 613 550 39.5 31,877 28,600 2,053 Construction and extraction occupations............................. 17.27 16.50 691 660 40.0 35,578 34,320 2,060 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 19.19 18.86 777 800 40.5 40,413 41,600 2,106 Automotive technicians and repairers.............................. 20.46 20.29 849 840 41.5 44,137 43,680 2,157 Automotive service technicians and mechanics.................... 19.81 18.43 830 772 41.9 43,179 40,131 2,179 Production occupations.............................................. 16.76 18.00 666 720 39.7 34,612 37,440 2,065 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.96 14.25 642 610 42.9 33,376 31,720 2,232 Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 14.36 14.50 665 620 46.3 34,595 32,240 2,410 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 14.40 14.50 706 641 49.1 36,734 33,322 2,552 Industrial truck and tractor operators............................ 14.76 14.25 593 570 40.2 30,822 29,640 2,088 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 13.21 11.20 528 448 40.0 27,479 23,302 2,080 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 16. Establishments with 100 workers or more: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for full-time(1) private industry workers, Richmond, VA, October 2007 Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5) Occupation(2) Mean Mean Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual hours hours All workers........................................................... $22.77 $17.71 $904 $708 39.7 $46,948 $36,828 2,062 Management occupations.............................................. 55.72 42.42 2,199 1,677 39.5 114,330 87,206 2,052 Financial managers................................................ 53.62 42.42 2,134 1,697 39.8 110,981 88,227 2,070 Business and financial operations occupations....................... 34.09 30.00 1,352 1,192 39.7 70,300 62,005 2,062 Accountants and auditors.......................................... 33.34 32.36 1,333 1,294 40.0 69,341 67,309 2,080 Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 33.89 34.04 1,348 1,362 39.8 70,088 70,799 2,068 Computer systems analysts......................................... 42.47 41.76 1,669 1,687 39.3 86,766 87,720 2,043 Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 46.85 46.96 1,838 1,814 39.2 95,579 94,332 2,040 Engineers......................................................... 50.50 49.08 1,975 1,915 39.1 102,679 99,600 2,033 Legal occupations................................................... 49.41 54.03 1,887 2,121 38.2 98,098 110,310 1,985 Education, training, and library occupations........................ 29.28 29.66 1,137 1,149 38.8 54,564 59,755 1,864 Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 25.39 25.78 991 1,021 39.1 51,556 53,102 2,031 Registered nurses................................................. 27.80 28.15 1,081 1,084 38.9 56,205 56,368 2,022 Healthcare support occupations...................................... 11.46 11.82 443 458 38.7 23,032 23,795 2,011 Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 11.48 11.88 441 452 38.4 22,933 23,504 1,998 Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 11.53 12.00 441 469 38.3 22,946 24,398 1,990 Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 11.09 11.26 424 418 38.2 22,039 21,715 1,987 Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 10.95 10.50 429 408 39.1 22,298 21,195 2,036 Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.94 10.50 428 408 39.1 22,268 21,195 2,035 Sales and related occupations....................................... 18.47 12.97 749 509 40.6 38,957 26,478 2,109 Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.58 10.93 462 437 39.9 24,029 22,732 2,074 Retail salespersons............................................. 11.74 10.93 468 437 39.9 24,343 22,732 2,073 Office and administrative support occupations....................... 16.03 15.45 636 618 39.7 33,054 32,136 2,062 First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers.................................................. 19.06 18.74 762 750 40.0 39,636 38,981 2,080 Financial clerks.................................................. 14.84 14.66 589 587 39.7 30,635 30,514 2,065 Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 14.38 15.19 571 608 39.7 29,706 31,597 2,066 Customer service representatives.................................. 17.07 14.68 680 587 39.9 35,373 30,534 2,072 Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 19.48 19.23 762 756 39.1 39,620 39,312 2,033 Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 19.62 19.43 780 777 39.8 40,577 40,423 2,068 Insurance claims and policy processing clerks..................... 16.35 15.41 628 619 38.4 32,666 32,200 1,998 Office clerks, general............................................ 16.58 17.01 663 680 40.0 34,496 35,379 2,080 Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 24.03 23.28 961 965 40.0 49,982 50,201 2,080 Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 24.14 26.16 948 1,075 39.3 49,299 55,910 2,042 Industrial machinery mechanics.................................. 24.16 19.54 941 1,147 38.9 48,927 59,646 2,025 Production occupations.............................................. 16.75 14.75 666 598 39.8 34,625 31,075 2,068 First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers.......................................................... 41.37 34.21 1,625 1,283 39.3 84,478 66,700 2,042 Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 12.58 11.41 503 456 40.0 26,163 23,733 2,080 Printers.......................................................... 21.94 22.43 878 897 40.0 45,634 46,646 2,080 Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 14.72 16.05 584 642 39.7 30,367 33,384 2,063 Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 15.76 15.35 645 614 40.9 33,530 31,928 2,127 Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 12.04 11.91 479 447 39.8 24,929 23,228 2,070 Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 13.90 13.00 552 520 39.7 28,699 27,040 2,064 1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime. 5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year, exclusive of overtime. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for categories not shown separately Table 17. Union(1) and nonunion workers: Mean hourly earnings(2) for major occupational groups, Richmond, VA, October 2007 Union Nonunion Occupational group(3) Private State and Private State and Civilian industry local Civilian industry local workers workers government workers workers government workers workers All workers........................................................... $20.53 $20.60 – $19.55 $19.18 $21.24 Management, professional, and related............................... – – – 29.96 32.16 25.38 Management, business, and financial............................... – – – 34.26 35.56 28.34 Professional and related.......................................... – – – 27.67 29.67 24.68 Service............................................................. – – – 10.93 9.93 16.40 Sales and office.................................................... 20.03 20.03 – 16.89 16.94 16.62 Sales and related................................................. – – – 19.16 19.40 – Office and administrative support................................. 20.03 20.03 – 15.66 15.33 17.01 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 28.64 28.64 – 17.47 17.54 16.93 Construction and extraction...................................... – – – 16.51 16.56 16.10 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 28.99 28.99 – 19.30 19.32 – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 18.88 18.88 – 14.67 14.63 15.32 Production........................................................ 18.83 18.83 – 15.68 15.55 – Transportation and material moving................................ 19.27 19.27 – 13.92 13.97 12.73 Union Nonunion Private State and Private State and Civilian industry local Civilian industry local workers workers government workers workers government workers workers Relative error(4) (percent) Relative error(4) (percent) All workers........................................................... 3.8 4.1 – 4.1 5.1 3.8 Management, professional, and related............................... – – – 4.4 5.7 4.7 Management, business, and financial............................... – – – 9.0 10.4 13.2 Professional and related.......................................... – – – 3.8 4.7 5.0 Service............................................................. – – – 7.4 8.3 9.8 Sales and office.................................................... 9.1 9.1 – 7.5 8.7 2.2 Sales and related................................................. – – – 16.9 17.3 – Office and administrative support................................. 9.1 9.1 – 2.6 3.3 1.6 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 3.9 3.9 – 2.1 2.1 5.2 Construction and extraction...................................... – – – 5.5 6.1 7.5 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 5.2 5.2 – 3.3 3.6 – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 4.3 4.3 – 4.7 4.9 7.6 Production........................................................ 4.8 4.8 – 9.7 10.3 – Transportation and material moving................................ 7.2 7.2 – 3.8 3.9 9.3 1 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 18. Time and incentive workers(1): Mean hourly earnings(2) for major occupational groups, Richmond, VA, October 2007 Time Incentive Occupational group(3) Civilian Private Civilian Private workers industry workers industry workers workers All workers........................................................... $18.84 $18.29 $28.04 $28.04 Management, professional, and related............................... 29.26 31.25 38.65 38.65 Management, business, and financial............................... 32.87 33.96 51.81 51.81 Professional and related.......................................... 27.41 29.35 – – Service............................................................. 11.16 9.94 – – Sales and office.................................................... 14.99 14.69 30.07 30.07 Sales and related................................................. 13.17 13.21 36.27 36.27 Office and administrative support................................. 15.75 15.43 15.95 15.95 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 17.75 17.86 – – Construction and extraction...................................... – 16.31 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 20.16 20.26 – – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 15.43 15.43 14.71 14.71 Production........................................................ 16.59 16.55 – – Transportation and material moving................................ 14.17 14.23 – – Time Incentive Civilian Private Civilian Private workers industry workers industry workers workers Relative error(4) (percent) Relative error(4) (percent) All workers........................................................... 2.9 3.5 18.9 18.9 Management, professional, and related............................... 3.8 5.0 19.7 19.7 Management, business, and financial............................... 7.2 8.5 22.1 22.1 Professional and related.......................................... 3.8 4.7 – – Service............................................................. 7.6 8.0 – – Sales and office.................................................... 3.8 4.6 33.8 33.8 Sales and related................................................. 9.6 10.1 37.3 37.3 Office and administrative support................................. 2.4 3.1 14.0 14.0 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 2.2 2.2 – – Construction and extraction...................................... – 6.0 – – Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 4.2 4.5 – – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 4.2 4.4 5.4 5.4 Production........................................................ 6.4 6.6 – – Transportation and material moving................................ 4.1 4.2 – – 1 Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary. Incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Table 19. Industry sector(1): Mean hourly earnings(2) for private industry workers by major occupational group, Richmond, VA, October 2007 Goods producing Service providing Occupational group(3) Trade, Profes- Education Leisure Construc- Manufac- transpor- Infor- Financial sional and and Other tion turing tation, mation activiti- and health hospital- services and es business services ity utilities services All workers........................................................... - $21.22 - - - - $19.39 - $14.94 Management, professional, and related............................... - 36.21 - - - - 25.40 - 24.09 Management, business, and financial............................... - 32.30 - - - - 33.28 - – Professional and related.......................................... - 37.67 - - - - 23.99 - – Service............................................................. - – - - - - 11.29 - 9.85 Sales and office.................................................... - 27.17 - - - - 13.95 - 14.05 Sales and related................................................. - – - - - - – - – Office and administrative support................................. - 18.56 - - - - 14.06 - 14.05 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... - 23.73 - - - - – - – Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. - 23.73 - - - - – - – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... - 16.99 - - - - – - – Production........................................................ - 17.98 - - - - – - – Transportation and material moving................................ - 11.86 - - - - – - – B Goods producing Service providing Trade, Profes- Education Leisure Construc- Manufac- transpor- Infor- Financial sional and and Other Occupational group(3) tion turing tation, mation activiti- and health hospital- services and es business services ity utilities services Relative error(4) (percent) Relative error(4) (percent) All workers........................................................... - 2.2 - - - - 8.6 - 18.1 Management, professional, and related............................... - 7.4 - - - - 6.0 - 10.4 Management, business, and financial............................... - 4.8 - - - - 3.6 - – Professional and related.......................................... - 4.8 - - - - 7.9 - – Service............................................................. - – - - - - 16.1 - 13.4 Sales and office.................................................... - 14.2 - - - - 7.3 - 8.1 Sales and related................................................. - – - - - - – - – Office and administrative support................................. - 8.8 - - - - 7.1 - 8.1 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... - 4.8 - - - - – - – Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. - 4.8 - - - - – - – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... - .6 - - - - – - – Production........................................................ - 2.8 - - - - – - – Transportation and material moving................................ - 11.4 - - - - – - – 1 Industry sectors are determined by the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information. 3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. 4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Appendix table 1. Number of workers(1) represented by the survey, Richmond, VA, October 2007 Private State and Occupational group(2) Civilian industry local workers workers government workers All workers........................................................... 564,000 466,600 97,400 Management, professional, and related............................... 155,500 103,300 52,200 Management, business, and financial............................... 47,800 39,100 8,700 Professional and related.......................................... 107,700 64,100 43,500 Service............................................................. 105,400 91,100 14,300 Sales and office.................................................... 157,600 137,200 20,400 Sales and related................................................. 56,700 54,800 – Office and administrative support................................. 100,900 82,400 18,500 Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 58,100 52,100 6,000 Construction and extraction...................................... 36,700 32,300 4,400 Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 21,400 19,700 – Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 87,400 83,000 4,400 Production........................................................ 41,900 40,100 – Transportation and material moving................................ 45,500 42,900 2,600 1 The number of workers represented by the survey are rounded to the nearest 100. Estimates of the number of workers provide a description of size and composition of the labor force included in the survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison to other statistical series to measure employment trends or levels. 2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Appendix table 2. Survey establishment response, Richmond, VA, October 2007 Private State and Establishments Total industry local government Total in sampling frame(1)............................................ 25,757 25,001 756 Total in sample....................................................... 395 364 31 Responding........................................................ 228 198 30 Refused or unable to provide data................................. 103 102 1 Out of business or not in survey scope............................ 64 64 0 1 The list of establishments from which the survey sample was selected (sampling frame) was developed from State unemployment insurance reports and is based on the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). For private industries, an establishment is usually a single physical location. For State and local governments, an establishment is defined as all locations of a government entity. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey. NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.

Last Modified Date: November 10, 2008

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Richmond, VA National Compensation Survey (NCS) Bulletin

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