Reading, PA National Compensation Survey (NCS) Bulletin
NC BL 10/00/2008 Table: Reading, PA, Bulletin, January 2008
Table 1. Summary: Mean hourly earnings(1) and weekly hours for selected worker and establishment characteristics, Reading, PA, January 2008
Civilian Private industry State and local government
workers workers workers
Hourly earnings Hourly earnings Hourly earnings
Worker and establishment
characteristics Mean Mean Mean
weekly weekly weekly
Relative hours(- Relative hours(- Relative hours(-
Mean error(2) 3) Mean error(2) 3) Mean error(2) 3)
(percen- (percen- (percen-
t) t) t)
All workers........................................................... $18.31 3.1 35.7 $17.43 3.4 35.9 $25.88 1.7 33.5
Worker characteristics(4)(5)
Management, professional, and related............................... 31.45 4.1 37.4 30.59 5.6 38.5 33.90 2.1 34.7
Management, business, and financial............................... 35.04 6.4 39.4 35.18 6.9 40.3 33.41 18.0 31.4
Professional and related.......................................... 29.30 5.6 36.3 26.61 9.6 37.0 33.97 1.7 35.2
Service............................................................. 11.62 5.9 31.4 10.82 6.2 30.7 15.68 11.9 35.0
Sales and office.................................................... 14.69 4.1 33.1 14.58 4.2 33.4 17.53 2.8 26.7
Sales and related................................................. 14.70 11.8 29.0 14.70 11.8 29.0 – – –
Office and administrative support................................. 14.69 3.2 35.3 14.52 3.4 36.0 17.53 2.8 26.7
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 18.98 9.9 38.5 19.03 10.5 39.2 18.30 5.6 30.6
Construction and extraction...................................... 17.36 3.0 37.3 17.18 3.4 39.0 – – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 20.43 13.4 39.3 20.64 13.9 39.3 – – –
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 15.19 2.4 40.1 15.20 2.4 40.2 – – –
Production........................................................ 15.44 1.7 38.6 15.44 1.7 38.6 – – –
Transportation and material moving................................ 14.98 4.4 41.5 14.99 4.4 41.7 – – –
Full time........................................................... 19.51 3.0 39.7 18.60 3.4 40.0 26.91 2.2 37.1
Part time........................................................... 9.42 9.1 20.5 9.24 9.6 21.0 12.21 16.8 14.5
Union............................................................... 22.21 3.6 37.7 16.14 4.2 39.7 26.70 1.8 36.4
Nonunion............................................................ 17.60 3.6 35.3 17.53 3.7 35.7 21.28 5.6 23.1
Time................................................................ 17.95 3.0 35.3 16.96 3.3 35.4 25.89 1.7 34.0
Incentive........................................................... 23.70 17.8 43.4 23.71 17.8 44.9 – – –
Establishment characteristics
Goods producing..................................................... (6) (6) (6) 18.63 1.4 39.5 (6) (6) (6)
Service providing................................................... (6) (6) (6) 16.97 4.9 34.8 (6) (6) (6)
1-99 workers........................................................ 16.33 5.9 34.5 16.33 5.9 34.9 – – –
100-499 workers..................................................... 19.89 5.2 36.3 18.93 5.7 36.5 25.51 3.3 35.4
500 workers or more................................................. 20.44 2.7 37.5 18.45 1.9 38.2 26.19 .7 35.6
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay.
Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and
dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval"
around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
3 Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week, exclusive of overtime.
4 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are
those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those
whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses.
5 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
6 Estimates for goods-producing and service-providing industries are published for private industry only. Industries are determined by the 2002 North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
Table 2. Civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3), Reading, PA, January 2008
Total Full-time workers Part-time workers
Occupation(4) and level
Relative Relative Relative
Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5)
(percent) (percent) (percent)
All workers........................................................... $18.31 3.1 $19.51 3.0 $9.42 9.1
Management occupations.............................................. 43.01 14.4 43.16 14.6 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 35.56 17.4 35.56 17.4 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 52.62 7.8 53.62 7.5 – –
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 28.87 8.5 28.87 8.5 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 20.99 6.0 20.99 6.0 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 35.55 10.1 35.55 10.1 – –
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 28.42 5.9 28.42 5.9 – –
Community and social services occupations........................... 21.88 22.3 21.88 22.3 – –
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 32.38 7.8 34.47 7.5 13.92 24.0
Level 9 .................................................. 39.45 .8 39.56 .8 – –
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 41.62 3.9 41.87 4.2 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 32.75 5.3 – – – –
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 34.37 7.9 36.25 6.7 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 39.63 .7 39.73 1.0 – –
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 36.73 5.6 36.79 5.7 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 40.15 1.9 40.34 2.5 – –
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 38.44 2.9 38.59 2.5 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 40.01 1.4 40.22 2.0 – –
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 25.96 10.9 26.71 9.8 21.87 15.3
Level 8 .................................................. 28.89 3.6 28.89 3.6 – –
Registered nurses................................................. 33.27 27.7 37.23 27.3 – –
Therapists........................................................ 32.00 5.6 32.00 5.6 – –
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.80 4.6 12.98 4.7 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 12.62 5.0 12.78 5.1 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 14.31 .9 – – – –
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 11.88 2.2 11.88 2.2 – –
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 11.51 2.2 – – – –
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 14.01 5.3 – – – –
Protective service occupations...................................... 17.92 15.4 18.32 17.2 – –
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.73 4.0 9.72 3.9 6.25 6.8
Level 1 .................................................. 5.86 15.2 – – 5.37 19.2
Level 2 .................................................. 6.92 19.8 – – 6.06 31.2
Food service, tipped.............................................. 3.91 17.4 – – 4.23 17.4
Level 1 .................................................. 3.22 6.6 – – 3.44 14.2
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 3.49 18.5 – – 3.72 20.2
Level 1 .................................................. 2.84 .0 – – – –
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 10.25 13.3 – – 8.26 7.8
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food........................................................... 10.52 13.2 – – – –
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 12.07 6.2 12.82 2.8 8.36 11.1
Level 1 .................................................. 9.52 9.3 10.71 4.9 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 13.02 6.0 – – – –
Building cleaning workers......................................... 11.08 8.4 12.61 5.2 – –
Level 1 .................................................. 9.01 9.8 – – – –
Level 3 .................................................. 13.02 6.0 – – – –
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 12.29 5.2 12.98 5.1 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 13.02 6.0 – – – –
Personal care and service occupations............................... 11.03 16.8 – – 8.91 6.5
Sales and related occupations....................................... 14.70 11.8 19.64 17.0 7.70 9.6
Level 2 .................................................. 7.38 5.5 – – 7.21 4.3
Level 3 .................................................. 8.91 7.4 – – 8.63 10.6
Level 4 .................................................. 22.89 28.5 22.89 28.5 – –
Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.77 14.3 15.28 20.9 7.65 11.6
Level 2 .................................................. 7.24 7.7 – – 6.97 7.1
Level 3 .................................................. 8.91 7.4 – – 8.63 10.6
Level 4 .................................................. 22.89 28.5 22.89 28.5 – –
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 7.40 4.6 – – 6.87 3.2
Level 2 .................................................. 6.91 .0 – – 6.70 .0
Cashiers...................................................... 7.40 4.6 – – 6.87 3.2
Level 2 .................................................. 6.91 .0 – – 6.70 .0
Retail salespersons............................................. 16.87 33.9 18.52 32.2 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 22.89 28.5 22.89 28.5 – –
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 14.69 3.2 14.97 3.2 12.27 9.4
Level 2 .................................................. 11.05 7.9 11.81 7.0 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 12.55 4.2 12.57 4.4 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 15.50 3.6 15.43 3.7 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 19.20 7.2 20.41 4.0 – –
Level 6 .................................................. 18.38 5.9 18.02 6.3 – –
Financial clerks.................................................. 16.56 8.6 16.80 8.5 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 15.84 2.9 15.84 2.9 – –
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 16.64 16.5 – – – –
Customer service representatives.................................. 15.26 5.5 15.61 5.6 – –
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 12.17 3.1 – – – –
Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................... 15.92 5.7 15.92 5.7 – –
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks........................... 13.11 5.7 13.23 6.5 – –
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 9.62 11.6 – – – –
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 16.18 6.1 16.30 6.6 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 14.53 5.5 14.53 5.5 – –
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 18.80 4.9 18.80 4.9 – –
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 15.39 8.8 15.38 8.8 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 14.37 6.1 14.37 6.1 – –
Office clerks, general............................................ 14.16 10.4 14.16 10.5 – –
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 17.36 3.0 17.37 3.0 – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.43 13.4 20.51 13.4 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 17.52 6.4 17.73 6.2 – –
Level 6 .................................................. 21.48 7.4 21.48 7.4 – –
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 20.20 1.8 20.39 1.8 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 18.47 4.0 – – – –
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 19.84 6.5 20.46 4.6 – –
Production occupations.............................................. 15.44 1.7 15.69 1.6 – –
Level 1 .................................................. 9.11 1.3 9.17 1.1 – –
Level 2 .................................................. 13.67 4.6 13.99 4.1 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 13.69 7.9 14.16 7.5 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 15.85 4.6 15.85 4.6 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 16.72 1.0 16.72 1.0 – –
Level 6 .................................................. 19.40 8.8 19.40 8.8 – –
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 14.29 2.8 14.41 2.4 – –
Level 2 .................................................. 13.35 .0 – – – –
Miscellaneous food processing workers............................. 11.63 3.3 11.63 3.3 – –
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic...................................................... 19.40 3.9 19.40 3.9 – –
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic..................................... 19.40 3.9 19.40 3.9 – –
Printers.......................................................... 18.20 2.0 18.20 2.0 – –
Printing machine operators...................................... 18.32 1.5 18.32 1.5 – –
Cutting workers................................................... 13.88 8.9 13.88 8.9 – –
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders..... 13.88 8.9 13.88 8.9 – –
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............... 14.06 9.0 14.06 9.0 – –
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 13.92 7.7 13.92 7.7 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 16.76 7.8 16.76 7.8 – –
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.98 4.4 15.10 4.6 – –
Level 1 .................................................. 9.36 2.4 9.47 3.1 – –
Level 2 .................................................. 12.18 3.6 12.18 3.6 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 15.45 4.2 15.45 4.2 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 15.75 5.7 15.75 5.7 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 17.97 3.0 17.97 3.0 – –
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 15.79 4.7 16.11 4.2 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 15.52 5.6 15.52 5.6 – –
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 17.24 2.8 17.24 2.8 – –
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 14.64 3.7 14.69 3.8 – –
Level 1 .................................................. 10.44 4.0 – – – –
Level 3 .................................................. 15.46 5.1 15.46 5.1 – –
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 15.44 7.5 15.44 7.5 – –
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by
totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment.
Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as
part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job
controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs.
Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the
occupation. See appendix A for more information.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a
"confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may
include data for categories not shown separately
Table 3. Private industry workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3), Reading, PA,
January 2008
Total Full-time workers Part-time workers
Occupation(4) and level
Relative Relative Relative
Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5)
(percent) (percent) (percent)
All workers........................................................... $17.43 3.4 $18.60 3.4 $9.24 9.6
Management occupations.............................................. 45.26 17.1 45.26 17.1 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 35.18 19.5 35.18 19.5 – –
Not able to be leveled.................................... 53.62 7.5 53.62 7.5 – –
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 28.87 8.5 28.87 8.5 – –
Level 7 .................................................. 20.99 6.0 20.99 6.0 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 35.55 10.1 35.55 10.1 – –
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 28.93 5.8 28.93 5.8 – –
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 16.46 15.9 – – – –
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 42.72 10.0 43.54 10.6 – –
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 26.35 12.5 27.32 11.9 21.87 15.3
Level 8 .................................................. 28.86 4.0 28.86 4.0 – –
Registered nurses................................................. 36.16 31.1 – – – –
Therapists........................................................ 32.00 5.6 32.00 5.6 – –
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.65 5.1 12.83 5.3 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 14.31 .9 – – – –
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 14.01 5.3 – – – –
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.42 1.9 9.41 .5 6.01 5.8
Level 1 .................................................. 5.86 15.2 – – 5.37 19.2
Level 2 .................................................. 6.69 20.2 – – 5.66 33.0
Food service, tipped.............................................. 3.77 17.3 – – 4.05 18.2
Level 1 .................................................. 3.22 6.6 – – 3.44 14.2
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 3.49 18.5 – – 3.72 20.2
Level 1 .................................................. 2.84 .0 – – – –
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.66 8.5 12.41 4.2 – –
Level 1 .................................................. 9.40 9.6 – – – –
Building cleaning workers......................................... 10.03 10.4 11.56 8.3 – –
Level 1 .................................................. 8.82 9.9 – – – –
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 11.24 8.9 – – – –
Personal care and service occupations............................... 11.47 18.9 – – 9.02 6.7
Sales and related occupations....................................... 14.70 11.8 19.64 17.0 7.70 9.6
Level 2 .................................................. 7.38 5.5 – – 7.21 4.3
Level 3 .................................................. 8.91 7.4 – – 8.63 10.6
Level 4 .................................................. 22.89 28.5 22.89 28.5 – –
Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.77 14.3 15.28 20.9 7.65 11.6
Level 2 .................................................. 7.24 7.7 – – 6.97 7.1
Level 3 .................................................. 8.91 7.4 – – 8.63 10.6
Level 4 .................................................. 22.89 28.5 22.89 28.5 – –
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 7.40 4.6 – – 6.87 3.2
Level 2 .................................................. 6.91 .0 – – 6.70 .0
Cashiers...................................................... 7.40 4.6 – – 6.87 3.2
Level 2 .................................................. 6.91 .0 – – 6.70 .0
Retail salespersons............................................. 16.87 33.9 18.52 32.2 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 22.89 28.5 22.89 28.5 – –
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 14.52 3.4 14.80 3.4 12.23 9.4
Level 2 .................................................. 11.05 7.9 11.81 7.0 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 12.54 4.2 12.57 4.4 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 15.42 4.0 15.35 4.0 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 19.22 7.9 20.58 4.2 – –
Level 6 .................................................. 18.24 6.8 17.80 7.3 – –
Financial clerks.................................................. 16.56 8.6 16.80 8.5 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 15.84 2.9 15.84 2.9 – –
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 16.64 16.5 – – – –
Customer service representatives.................................. 15.26 5.5 15.61 5.6 – –
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 12.17 3.1 – – – –
Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................... 15.92 5.7 15.92 5.7 – –
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks........................... 13.11 5.7 13.23 6.5 – –
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 9.62 11.6 – – – –
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 15.84 6.9 15.90 7.8 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 14.11 6.3 14.11 6.3 – –
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 15.16 10.6 15.16 10.6 – –
Office clerks, general............................................ 13.10 9.8 13.08 9.9 – –
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 17.18 3.4 17.17 3.4 – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.64 13.9 20.73 13.9 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 17.58 7.8 – – – –
Level 6 .................................................. 21.65 7.2 21.65 7.2 – –
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 20.61 1.8 20.85 2.0 – –
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 19.84 6.5 20.46 4.6 – –
Production occupations.............................................. 15.44 1.7 15.69 1.6 – –
Level 1 .................................................. 9.11 1.3 9.17 1.1 – –
Level 2 .................................................. 13.67 4.6 13.99 4.1 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 13.69 7.9 14.16 7.5 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 15.85 4.6 15.85 4.6 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 16.72 1.0 16.72 1.0 – –
Level 6 .................................................. 19.40 8.8 19.40 8.8 – –
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 14.29 2.8 14.41 2.4 – –
Level 2 .................................................. 13.35 .0 – – – –
Miscellaneous food processing workers............................. 11.63 3.3 11.63 3.3 – –
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic...................................................... 19.40 3.9 19.40 3.9 – –
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic..................................... 19.40 3.9 19.40 3.9 – –
Printers.......................................................... 18.20 2.0 18.20 2.0 – –
Printing machine operators...................................... 18.32 1.5 18.32 1.5 – –
Cutting workers................................................... 13.88 8.9 13.88 8.9 – –
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders..... 13.88 8.9 13.88 8.9 – –
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............... 14.06 9.0 14.06 9.0 – –
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 13.92 7.7 13.92 7.7 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 16.76 7.8 16.76 7.8 – –
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.99 4.4 15.11 4.6 – –
Level 1 .................................................. 9.36 2.4 9.47 3.1 – –
Level 2 .................................................. 12.18 3.6 12.18 3.6 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 15.47 4.3 15.47 4.3 – –
Level 4 .................................................. 15.75 5.7 15.75 5.7 – –
Level 5 .................................................. 17.97 3.0 17.97 3.0 – –
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 15.79 4.7 16.11 4.2 – –
Level 3 .................................................. 15.52 5.6 15.52 5.6 – –
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 17.24 2.8 17.24 2.8 – –
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 14.64 3.7 14.69 3.8 – –
Level 1 .................................................. 10.44 4.0 – – – –
Level 3 .................................................. 15.46 5.1 15.46 5.1 – –
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 15.44 7.5 15.44 7.5 – –
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by
totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment.
Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as
part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job
controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs.
Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the
occupation. See appendix A for more information.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a
"confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
Table 4. State and local government workers: Mean hourly earnings(1) for full-time and part-time workers(2) by work levels(3), Reading,
PA, January 2008
Total Full-time workers Part-time workers
Occupation(4) and level
Relative Relative Relative
Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5)
(percent) (percent) (percent)
All workers........................................................... $25.88 1.7 $26.91 2.2 $12.21 16.8
Management occupations.............................................. 33.41 18.0 – – – –
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 36.45 3.0 37.59 2.6 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 39.57 .8 39.67 .9 – –
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 38.77 1.6 38.86 1.4 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 39.63 .7 39.73 1.0 – –
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 38.79 1.9 38.93 1.5 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 40.15 1.9 40.34 2.5 – –
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 38.44 2.9 38.59 2.5 – –
Level 9 .................................................. 40.01 1.4 40.22 2.0 – –
Protective service occupations...................................... 19.22 15.9 19.92 18.6 – –
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 14.61 7.3 – – – –
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 17.53 2.8 17.54 2.8 – –
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by
totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment.
Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as
part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
3 Each occupation for which data are collected in an establishment is evaluated based on four factors, including knowledge, job
controls and complexity, contacts, and physical environment. The knowledge factor is tailored to 24 families of closely related jobs.
Points are assigned based on the occupation's rank within each factor. The points are summed to determine the overall level of the
occupation. See appendix A for more information.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a
"confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
Table 5. Combined work levels(1) for civilian workers: Mean hourly earnings(2) for full-time and part-time workers(3), Reading, PA,
January 2008
Total Full-time workers Part-time workers
Occupation(4) and level
Relative Relative Relative
Mean error(5) Mean error(5) Mean error(5)
(percent) (percent) (percent)
All workers........................................................... $18.31 3.1 $19.51 3.0 $9.42 9.1
Management occupations.............................................. 43.01 14.4 43.16 14.6 – –
Group II.................................................. 25.50 8.6 – – – –
Group III................................................. 46.27 23.5 – – – –
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 28.87 8.5 28.87 8.5 – –
Group II.................................................. 21.44 6.0 – – – –
Group III................................................. 37.08 8.8 – – – –
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 28.42 5.9 28.42 5.9 – –
Group II.................................................. 25.71 9.8 – – – –
Community and social services occupations........................... 21.88 22.3 21.88 22.3 – –
Group II.................................................. 18.39 11.0 – – – –
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 32.38 7.8 34.47 7.5 13.92 24.0
Group II.................................................. 14.76 11.0 – – – –
Group III................................................. 39.87 .2 – – – –
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 41.62 3.9 41.87 4.2 – –
Group III................................................. 39.47 5.3 – – – –
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 34.37 7.9 36.25 6.7 – –
Group III................................................. 39.63 .7 – – – –
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 36.73 5.6 36.79 5.7 – –
Group III................................................. 40.15 1.9 – – – –
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 38.44 2.9 38.59 2.5 – –
Group III................................................. 40.01 1.4 40.22 2.0 – –
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 25.96 10.9 26.71 9.8 21.87 15.3
Group II.................................................. 22.24 7.3 – – – –
Group III................................................. 42.66 15.5 – – – –
Registered nurses................................................. 33.27 27.7 37.23 27.3 – –
Therapists........................................................ 32.00 5.6 32.00 5.6 – –
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.80 4.6 12.98 4.7 – –
Group I................................................... 12.77 4.5 – – – –
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 11.88 2.2 11.88 2.2 – –
Group I................................................... 11.88 2.2 – – – –
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 11.51 2.2 – – – –
Group I................................................... 11.51 2.2 – – – –
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 14.01 5.3 – – – –
Group I................................................... 14.01 5.3 – – – –
Protective service occupations...................................... 17.92 15.4 18.32 17.2 – –
Group I................................................... 11.44 6.1 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 24.45 3.1 – – – –
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 7.73 4.0 9.72 3.9 6.25 6.8
Group I................................................... 7.34 6.4 – – – –
Food service, tipped.............................................. 3.91 17.4 – – 4.23 17.4
Group I................................................... 3.91 17.4 – – – –
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 3.49 18.5 – – 3.72 20.2
Group I................................................... 3.49 18.5 – – 3.72 20.2
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 10.25 13.3 – – 8.26 7.8
Group I................................................... 10.25 13.3 – – – –
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food........................................................... 10.52 13.2 – – – –
Group I................................................... 10.52 13.2 – – – –
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 12.07 6.2 12.82 2.8 8.36 11.1
Group I................................................... 11.03 5.4 – – – –
Building cleaning workers......................................... 11.08 8.4 12.61 5.2 – –
Group I................................................... 11.08 8.4 – – – –
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 12.29 5.2 12.98 5.1 – –
Group I................................................... 12.29 5.2 12.98 5.1 – –
Personal care and service occupations............................... 11.03 16.8 – – 8.91 6.5
Group I................................................... 8.99 5.3 – – – –
Sales and related occupations....................................... 14.70 11.8 19.64 17.0 7.70 9.6
Group I................................................... 11.50 14.2 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 27.79 25.6 – – – –
Retail sales workers.............................................. 11.77 14.3 15.28 20.9 7.65 11.6
Group I................................................... 11.77 14.3 – – – –
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 7.40 4.6 – – 6.87 3.2
Group I................................................... 7.40 4.6 – – – –
Cashiers...................................................... 7.40 4.6 – – 6.87 3.2
Group I................................................... 7.40 4.6 – – 6.87 3.2
Retail salespersons............................................. 16.87 33.9 18.52 32.2 – –
Group I................................................... 16.87 33.9 18.52 32.2 – –
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 14.69 3.2 14.97 3.2 12.27 9.4
Group I................................................... 13.39 2.7 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 18.88 5.0 – – – –
Financial clerks.................................................. 16.56 8.6 16.80 8.5 – –
Group I................................................... 14.43 3.5 – – – –
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 16.64 16.5 – – – –
Customer service representatives.................................. 15.26 5.5 15.61 5.6 – –
Group II.................................................. 17.51 5.5 17.51 5.5 – –
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 12.17 3.1 – – – –
Group I................................................... 12.17 3.1 – – – –
Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................... 15.92 5.7 15.92 5.7 – –
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks........................... 13.11 5.7 13.23 6.5 – –
Group I................................................... 13.11 5.7 13.23 6.5 – –
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 9.62 11.6 – – – –
Group I................................................... 9.62 11.6 – – – –
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 16.18 6.1 16.30 6.6 – –
Group I................................................... 14.54 5.5 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 18.40 11.1 – – – –
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 18.80 4.9 18.80 4.9 – –
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 15.39 8.8 15.38 8.8 – –
Group I................................................... 14.39 6.0 14.37 6.1 – –
Office clerks, general............................................ 14.16 10.4 14.16 10.5 – –
Group I................................................... 13.10 9.8 13.08 9.9 – –
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 17.36 3.0 17.37 3.0 – –
Group I................................................... 13.19 3.3 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 21.68 6.1 – – – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.43 13.4 20.51 13.4 – –
Group I................................................... 13.84 7.6 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 22.34 11.3 – – – –
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 20.20 1.8 20.39 1.8 – –
Group II.................................................. 20.47 2.4 – – – –
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 19.84 6.5 20.46 4.6 – –
Group II.................................................. 20.75 5.3 – – – –
Production occupations.............................................. 15.44 1.7 15.69 1.6 – –
Group I................................................... 13.82 2.9 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 19.07 1.9 – – – –
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 14.29 2.8 14.41 2.4 – –
Group I................................................... 13.66 .5 – – – –
Miscellaneous food processing workers............................. 11.63 3.3 11.63 3.3 – –
Group I................................................... 11.63 3.3 – – – –
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic...................................................... 19.40 3.9 19.40 3.9 – –
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic..................................... 19.40 3.9 19.40 3.9 – –
Printers.......................................................... 18.20 2.0 18.20 2.0 – –
Printing machine operators...................................... 18.32 1.5 18.32 1.5 – –
Cutting workers................................................... 13.88 8.9 13.88 8.9 – –
Group I................................................... 13.88 8.9 – – – –
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders..... 13.88 8.9 13.88 8.9 – –
Group I................................................... 13.88 8.9 13.88 8.9 – –
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............... 14.06 9.0 14.06 9.0 – –
Group I................................................... 14.06 9.0 14.06 9.0 – –
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 13.92 7.7 13.92 7.7 – –
Group I................................................... 13.55 9.3 – – – –
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.98 4.4 15.10 4.6 – –
Group I................................................... 13.88 4.4 – – – –
Group II.................................................. 18.42 4.3 – – – –
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 15.79 4.7 16.11 4.2 – –
Group I................................................... 13.36 6.6 – – – –
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 17.24 2.8 17.24 2.8 – –
Group I................................................... 15.61 5.5 15.61 5.5 – –
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 14.64 3.7 14.69 3.8 – –
Group I................................................... 14.64 3.7 – – – –
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 15.44 7.5 15.44 7.5 – –
Group I................................................... 15.44 7.5 15.44 7.5 – –
1 Combined work levels simplify the presentation of work levels by combining levels 1 through 15 into four broad groups. Group I
combines levels 1-4, group II combines levels 5-8, group III combines levels 9-12, and group IV combines levels 13-15.
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by
totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment.
Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as
part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
4 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
5 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a
"confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
Table 6. Civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Reading, PA, January 2008
Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90
50
All workers........................................................... $8.50 $11.50 $15.43 $20.65 $32.00
Management occupations.............................................. 22.37 28.17 33.78 55.42 84.78
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.45 21.15 25.00 34.51 44.23
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 22.22 24.01 26.00 36.06 38.41
Community and social services occupations........................... 12.05 17.74 17.74 26.53 37.09
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 12.04 17.31 36.48 42.23 50.82
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 27.07 31.33 36.27 56.27 65.18
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 12.04 28.40 37.97 42.52 50.10
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 12.14 33.75 37.97 42.63 48.72
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 27.85 36.34 37.97 43.86 49.62
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 15.50 19.16 23.58 32.00 37.34
Registered nurses................................................. 14.71 19.00 30.86 33.98 69.68
Therapists........................................................ 16.13 26.85 37.34 37.34 37.34
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 10.58 10.77 12.25 14.10 15.62
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.56 10.77 11.27 12.67 13.67
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants........................ 10.56 10.77 10.89 12.08 13.17
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 11.97 12.25 13.80 15.62 16.50
Protective service occupations...................................... 10.10 11.65 15.00 26.13 30.27
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.83 3.25 8.00 10.00 13.46
Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.83 2.83 2.85 3.25 9.11
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.83 2.83 2.84 3.25 3.25
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 7.15 7.50 10.99 12.64 12.64
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast
food........................................................... 7.50 8.00 12.64 12.64 12.64
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 7.25 9.21 11.02 14.42 18.25
Building cleaning workers......................................... 7.25 8.50 10.30 13.25 15.74
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.50 9.58 11.50 15.26 17.65
Personal care and service occupations............................... 7.15 7.63 8.80 10.45 19.65
Sales and related occupations....................................... 7.15 7.50 9.00 17.45 24.36
Retail sales workers.............................................. 6.00 7.26 8.09 12.50 18.85
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.00 7.15 7.50 8.00 8.50
Cashiers...................................................... 6.00 7.15 7.50 8.00 8.50
Retail salespersons............................................. 7.96 9.20 13.87 18.85 31.94
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 10.00 11.80 14.00 17.10 20.45
Financial clerks.................................................. 11.47 13.00 15.05 19.45 24.04
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 11.25 11.95 13.00 20.83 26.20
Customer service representatives.................................. 11.50 14.00 14.46 16.77 21.35
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 9.27 10.70 11.40 13.45 14.00
Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................... 12.25 12.25 17.30 17.30 23.02
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks........................... 11.22 11.68 12.68 15.10 15.10
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 7.50 8.00 8.85 11.80 12.76
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 12.00 13.36 14.60 19.49 22.48
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 14.40 16.80 18.24 21.32 22.81
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 10.48 12.48 14.60 16.28 23.17
Office clerks, general............................................ 9.25 10.50 14.00 16.22 18.97
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 11.50 13.00 15.40 23.75 24.50
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 13.25 15.43 18.70 22.84 29.77
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 15.97 18.04 19.35 22.72 23.89
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 15.70 15.70 21.15 23.05 23.30
Production occupations.............................................. 9.07 11.85 15.70 18.20 20.75
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 9.83 12.20 14.55 16.50 18.00
Miscellaneous food processing workers............................. 9.00 10.00 10.50 14.08 15.61
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic...................................................... 15.75 15.75 19.17 25.01 25.01
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic..................................... 15.75 15.75 19.17 25.01 25.01
Printers.......................................................... 14.29 17.40 18.50 20.17 20.35
Printing machine operators...................................... 13.59 17.02 18.50 20.17 20.35
Cutting workers................................................... 7.50 10.25 14.50 18.13 18.25
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders..... 7.50 10.25 14.50 18.13 18.25
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............... 12.55 13.60 13.60 13.90 18.34
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 8.05 10.05 15.00 17.64 19.03
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 9.60 12.00 15.55 17.30 19.28
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 10.71 14.00 16.48 17.89 19.28
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 15.00 16.00 17.00 19.28 19.28
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 10.40 12.51 14.73 16.60 18.58
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 10.40 14.30 15.55 18.58 18.78
1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the
hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are
paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime,
vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for
more information.
Table 7. Private industry workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Reading, PA, January 2008
Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90
50
All workers........................................................... $8.50 $11.00 $15.00 $19.50 $28.37
Management occupations.............................................. 23.08 28.37 39.44 55.42 84.78
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.45 21.15 25.00 34.51 44.23
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 23.59 24.01 26.00 36.06 38.41
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 9.80 11.50 12.04 17.31 25.89
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 21.91 25.89 36.31 64.17 69.03
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 15.50 19.00 22.89 32.00 37.34
Registered nurses................................................. 19.00 22.21 32.53 33.98 69.68
Therapists........................................................ 16.13 26.85 37.34 37.34 37.34
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 10.56 10.77 12.08 13.92 15.62
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations...................... 11.97 12.25 13.80 15.62 16.50
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.83 2.85 7.50 9.40 13.46
Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.83 2.83 2.85 3.25 5.67
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.83 2.83 2.84 3.25 3.25
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 7.25 9.04 10.30 13.39 18.25
Building cleaning workers......................................... 7.25 7.25 9.04 11.50 13.25
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.50 9.00 10.30 11.52 18.25
Personal care and service occupations............................... 7.15 8.00 8.80 10.20 20.34
Sales and related occupations....................................... 7.15 7.50 9.00 17.45 24.36
Retail sales workers.............................................. 6.00 7.26 8.09 12.50 18.85
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.00 7.15 7.50 8.00 8.50
Cashiers...................................................... 6.00 7.15 7.50 8.00 8.50
Retail salespersons............................................. 7.96 9.20 13.87 18.85 31.94
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 9.27 11.74 13.65 16.48 20.25
Financial clerks.................................................. 11.47 13.00 15.05 19.45 24.04
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks.................... 11.25 11.95 13.00 20.83 26.20
Customer service representatives.................................. 11.50 14.00 14.46 16.77 21.35
Receptionists and information clerks.............................. 9.27 10.70 11.40 13.45 14.00
Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................... 12.25 12.25 17.30 17.30 23.02
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks........................... 11.22 11.68 12.68 15.10 15.10
Stock clerks and order fillers.................................... 7.50 8.00 8.85 11.80 12.76
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 12.22 13.36 14.60 17.31 22.36
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 10.48 12.48 14.60 16.28 25.00
Office clerks, general............................................ 9.25 9.25 13.64 16.22 16.22
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 11.50 13.00 15.40 23.75 24.50
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 13.00 15.43 18.70 23.30 30.00
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 15.70 18.70 19.65 23.30 23.89
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 15.70 15.70 21.15 23.05 23.30
Production occupations.............................................. 9.07 11.85 15.70 18.20 20.75
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 9.83 12.20 14.55 16.50 18.00
Miscellaneous food processing workers............................. 9.00 10.00 10.50 14.08 15.61
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic...................................................... 15.75 15.75 19.17 25.01 25.01
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic..................................... 15.75 15.75 19.17 25.01 25.01
Printers.......................................................... 14.29 17.40 18.50 20.17 20.35
Printing machine operators...................................... 13.59 17.02 18.50 20.17 20.35
Cutting workers................................................... 7.50 10.25 14.50 18.13 18.25
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders..... 7.50 10.25 14.50 18.13 18.25
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............... 12.55 13.60 13.60 13.90 18.34
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 8.05 10.05 15.00 17.64 19.03
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 9.60 12.00 15.55 17.30 19.28
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 10.71 14.00 16.48 17.89 19.28
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 15.00 16.00 17.00 19.28 19.28
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 10.40 12.51 14.73 16.60 18.58
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 10.40 14.30 15.55 18.58 18.78
1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the
hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are
paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime,
vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for
more information.
Table 8. State and local government workers: Hourly wage percentiles(1), Reading, PA, January 2008
Occupation(2) 10 25 Median 75 90
50
All workers........................................................... $12.14 $15.14 $22.37 $37.64 $43.86
Management occupations.............................................. 17.48 22.37 25.38 38.99 55.88
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 15.85 30.86 37.97 43.63 51.31
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 27.85 34.19 37.97 43.86 51.31
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 28.92 37.64 37.97 43.86 49.62
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 27.85 36.34 37.97 43.86 49.62
Protective service occupations...................................... 11.50 12.45 21.04 27.32 27.32
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 11.02 11.95 15.26 15.34 18.22
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 12.00 15.17 17.51 19.49 21.89
1 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the
hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are
paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime,
vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for
more information.
Table 9. Full-time(1) civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(2), Reading, PA, January 2008
Full-time workers
Occupation(3)
10 25 Median 75 90
50
All workers........................................................... $10.10 $12.64 $16.28 $22.05 $33.27
Management occupations.............................................. 22.37 28.17 38.99 55.42 84.78
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 17.45 21.15 25.00 34.51 44.23
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 22.22 24.01 26.00 36.06 38.41
Community and social services occupations........................... 12.05 17.74 17.74 26.53 37.09
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 12.84 27.06 37.97 42.63 51.29
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 27.07 31.33 36.27 56.27 65.18
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 12.84 31.63 37.97 42.63 50.58
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 12.14 34.95 37.97 42.63 48.72
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 28.18 37.46 37.97 43.86 49.62
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 15.30 20.74 24.38 32.00 37.34
Registered nurses................................................. 14.71 24.95 31.50 36.92 69.68
Therapists........................................................ 16.13 26.85 37.34 37.34 37.34
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 10.59 10.77 12.25 15.03 15.62
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 10.56 10.77 11.27 12.70 13.67
Protective service occupations...................................... 10.75 11.88 15.40 27.32 30.27
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.83 8.93 9.40 13.46 14.25
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 9.00 10.00 11.95 15.00 18.95
Building cleaning workers......................................... 8.50 10.30 11.50 15.26 17.65
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 8.50 10.40 11.95 15.26 18.17
Sales and related occupations....................................... 7.96 9.00 14.00 22.63 31.94
Retail sales workers.............................................. 7.50 8.22 10.35 17.45 24.36
Retail salespersons............................................. 7.96 10.35 14.00 18.85 33.46
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 10.70 12.17 14.25 17.22 20.55
Financial clerks.................................................. 11.88 13.00 15.05 19.98 24.04
Customer service representatives.................................. 13.15 14.00 14.46 16.77 21.35
Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................... 12.25 12.25 17.30 17.30 23.02
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks........................... 11.22 11.68 12.68 15.10 15.10
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 12.00 12.48 14.60 19.49 23.08
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 14.40 16.80 18.24 21.32 22.81
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 10.48 12.48 14.60 16.28 23.17
Office clerks, general............................................ 9.25 10.50 14.00 16.22 18.97
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 11.50 13.00 15.40 23.75 24.50
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 13.25 15.43 18.70 22.84 29.77
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 15.97 18.21 19.35 22.72 23.89
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 15.70 18.21 21.15 23.05 23.30
Production occupations.............................................. 9.75 12.30 15.75 18.25 20.75
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 9.67 12.35 14.70 16.53 18.00
Miscellaneous food processing workers............................. 9.00 10.00 10.50 14.08 15.61
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic...................................................... 15.75 15.75 19.17 25.01 25.01
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic..................................... 15.75 15.75 19.17 25.01 25.01
Printers.......................................................... 14.29 17.40 18.50 20.17 20.35
Printing machine operators...................................... 13.59 17.02 18.50 20.17 20.35
Cutting workers................................................... 7.50 10.25 14.50 18.13 18.25
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders..... 7.50 10.25 14.50 18.13 18.25
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............... 12.55 13.60 13.60 13.90 18.34
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 8.05 10.05 15.00 17.64 19.03
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 9.67 12.22 15.55 17.30 19.28
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 11.50 15.00 16.52 18.43 19.28
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 15.00 16.00 17.00 19.28 19.28
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 10.40 12.90 14.75 16.60 18.68
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 10.40 14.30 15.55 18.58 18.78
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each
establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one
establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the
hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are
paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime,
vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for
more information.
Table 10. Part-time(1) civilian workers: Hourly wage percentiles(2), Reading, PA, January 2008
Part-time workers
Occupation(3)
10 25 Median 75 90
50
All workers........................................................... $5.50 $7.15 $8.00 $11.00 $14.00
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 9.80 9.80 11.50 11.84 27.43
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 15.50 17.95 19.00 22.45 33.98
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 2.83 2.85 7.15 8.00 9.75
Food service, tipped.............................................. 2.83 2.84 2.85 5.50 9.11
Waiters and waitresses.......................................... 2.83 2.83 2.84 3.25 8.50
Fast food and counter workers..................................... 7.15 7.50 7.50 8.00 10.99
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 7.25 7.25 7.25 9.04 9.69
Personal care and service occupations............................... 7.15 7.22 8.80 10.00 11.00
Sales and related occupations....................................... 6.00 7.15 7.50 8.00 9.25
Retail sales workers.............................................. 6.00 7.15 7.30 7.82 9.73
Cashiers, all workers........................................... 6.00 6.00 7.15 7.50 7.50
Cashiers...................................................... 6.00 6.00 7.15 7.50 7.50
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 8.00 9.10 11.25 13.36 19.32
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each
establishment. Therefore, a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one
establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Percentiles designate position in the earnings distribution and are calculated from individual-worker earnings and the
hours they are scheduled to work. At the 50th percentile, the median, half of the hours are paid the same as or more than the
rate shown, and half are paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 25th percentile, one-fourth of the hours are
paid the same as or less than the rate shown. At the 75th percentile, one-fourth are paid the same as or more than the rate
shown. The 10th and 90th percentiles follow the same logic. Hourly wages are the straight-time wages or salaries paid to
employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime,
vacations, and holidays; nonproduction bonuses; and tips.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for
more information.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups
may include data for categories not shown separately
Table 11. Full-time(1) civilian workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours, Reading, PA,
January 2008
Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5)
Occupation(2)
Mean Mean
Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual
hours hours
All workers........................................................... $19.51 $16.28 $774 $651 39.7 $39,196 $33,862 2,009
Management occupations.............................................. 43.16 38.99 1,754 1,560 40.6 91,188 81,103 2,113
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 28.87 25.00 1,155 989 40.0 60,057 51,415 2,080
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 28.42 26.00 1,127 1,040 39.7 58,639 54,086 2,063
Community and social services occupations........................... 21.88 17.74 863 710 39.4 44,242 36,899 2,022
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 34.47 37.97 1,251 1,282 36.3 47,800 47,673 1,387
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 41.87 36.27 1,603 1,420 38.3 63,148 57,128 1,508
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 36.25 37.97 1,295 1,282 35.7 48,701 48,245 1,343
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 36.79 37.97 1,290 1,282 35.0 48,482 47,673 1,318
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 38.59 37.97 1,353 1,282 35.1 50,630 47,673 1,312
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 26.71 24.38 1,023 914 38.3 52,595 47,539 1,969
Registered nurses................................................. 37.23 31.50 1,425 1,246 38.3 69,015 62,878 1,854
Therapists........................................................ 32.00 37.34 1,280 1,494 40.0 66,557 77,667 2,080
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.98 12.25 483 481 37.2 25,111 25,025 1,935
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides....................... 11.88 11.27 461 440 38.8 23,997 22,874 2,019
Protective service occupations...................................... 18.32 15.40 726 616 39.6 37,752 32,032 2,060
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 9.72 9.40 373 376 38.4 19,416 19,544 1,997
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 12.82 11.95 512 460 39.9 24,408 21,945 1,904
Building cleaning workers......................................... 12.61 11.50 499 460 39.6 25,959 23,920 2,058
Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners... 12.98 11.95 513 474 39.5 26,671 24,666 2,055
Sales and related occupations....................................... 19.64 14.00 771 560 39.3 40,106 29,120 2,042
Retail sales workers.............................................. 15.28 10.35 590 384 38.6 30,692 19,968 2,009
Retail salespersons............................................. 18.52 14.00 750 560 40.5 38,999 29,120 2,106
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 14.97 14.25 588 560 39.3 30,500 29,120 2,038
Financial clerks.................................................. 16.80 15.05 669 602 39.8 34,798 31,296 2,072
Customer service representatives.................................. 15.61 14.46 621 578 39.8 32,301 30,077 2,070
Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................... 15.92 17.30 637 692 40.0 33,111 35,984 2,080
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks........................... 13.23 12.68 529 507 40.0 27,508 26,374 2,080
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 16.30 14.60 618 584 37.9 32,117 30,368 1,971
Executive secretaries and administrative assistants............. 18.80 18.24 723 716 38.5 37,620 37,251 2,001
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 15.38 14.60 578 584 37.6 30,052 30,368 1,954
Office clerks, general............................................ 14.16 14.00 540 546 38.1 28,062 28,371 1,982
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 17.37 15.40 687 600 39.5 35,732 31,200 2,057
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.51 18.70 828 748 40.4 43,083 38,896 2,101
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 20.39 19.35 816 774 40.0 42,418 40,248 2,080
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 20.46 21.15 818 846 40.0 42,555 43,992 2,080
Production occupations.............................................. 15.69 15.75 626 630 39.9 32,561 32,760 2,076
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 14.41 14.70 577 588 40.0 29,979 30,576 2,080
Miscellaneous food processing workers............................. 11.63 10.50 465 420 40.0 24,198 21,840 2,080
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic...................................................... 19.40 19.17 776 767 40.0 40,349 39,874 2,080
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic..................................... 19.40 19.17 776 767 40.0 40,349 39,874 2,080
Printers.......................................................... 18.20 18.50 728 740 40.0 37,851 38,472 2,080
Printing machine operators...................................... 18.32 18.50 733 740 40.0 38,115 38,472 2,080
Cutting workers................................................... 13.88 14.50 555 580 40.0 28,864 30,160 2,080
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders..... 13.88 14.50 555 580 40.0 28,864 30,160 2,080
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............... 14.06 13.60 562 544 40.0 29,242 28,288 2,080
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 13.92 15.00 557 600 40.0 28,960 31,200 2,080
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 15.10 15.55 636 622 42.1 32,895 32,344 2,178
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 16.11 16.52 712 771 44.2 37,032 40,102 2,299
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 17.24 17.00 783 771 45.4 40,730 40,102 2,363
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 14.69 14.75 590 594 40.2 30,705 30,888 2,090
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 15.44 15.55 618 622 40.0 32,119 32,344 2,080
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another
firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard
pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all
workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year,
exclusive of overtime.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
Table 12. Full-time(1) private industry workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours, Reading,
PA, January 2008
Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5)
Occupation(2)
Mean Mean
Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual
hours hours
All workers........................................................... $18.60 $15.75 $744 $627 40.0 $38,332 $32,490 2,061
Management occupations.............................................. 45.26 39.44 1,852 1,577 40.9 96,280 82,027 2,127
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 28.87 25.00 1,155 989 40.0 60,057 51,415 2,080
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 28.93 26.00 1,153 1,040 39.9 59,947 54,086 2,072
Education, training, and library occupations
Postsecondary teachers............................................ 43.54 36.62 1,742 1,465 40.0 66,409 61,886 1,525
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 27.32 24.30 1,054 910 38.6 54,785 47,299 2,005
Therapists........................................................ 32.00 37.34 1,280 1,494 40.0 66,557 77,667 2,080
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.83 12.08 474 455 36.9 24,639 23,673 1,920
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 9.41 9.40 362 376 38.5 18,842 19,544 2,002
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 12.41 11.50 497 456 40.0 23,339 21,424 1,880
Building cleaning workers......................................... 11.56 11.02 458 434 39.6 23,792 22,589 2,058
Sales and related occupations....................................... 19.64 14.00 771 560 39.3 40,106 29,120 2,042
Retail sales workers.............................................. 15.28 10.35 590 384 38.6 30,692 19,968 2,009
Retail salespersons............................................. 18.52 14.00 750 560 40.5 38,999 29,120 2,106
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 14.80 14.00 585 550 39.5 30,330 28,600 2,050
Financial clerks.................................................. 16.80 15.05 669 602 39.8 34,798 31,296 2,072
Customer service representatives.................................. 15.61 14.46 621 578 39.8 32,301 30,077 2,070
Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................... 15.92 17.30 637 692 40.0 33,111 35,984 2,080
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks........................... 13.23 12.68 529 507 40.0 27,508 26,374 2,080
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 15.90 14.60 616 584 38.7 32,042 30,368 2,015
Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive............... 15.16 14.60 580 584 38.3 30,153 30,368 1,989
Office clerks, general............................................ 13.08 13.64 509 546 38.9 26,448 28,371 2,023
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 17.17 15.40 680 560 39.6 35,350 29,120 2,059
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.73 18.70 839 748 40.5 43,611 38,896 2,104
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 20.85 19.65 834 786 40.0 43,365 40,872 2,080
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 20.46 21.15 818 846 40.0 42,555 43,992 2,080
Production occupations.............................................. 15.69 15.75 626 630 39.9 32,561 32,760 2,076
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 14.41 14.70 577 588 40.0 29,979 30,576 2,080
Miscellaneous food processing workers............................. 11.63 10.50 465 420 40.0 24,198 21,840 2,080
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic...................................................... 19.40 19.17 776 767 40.0 40,349 39,874 2,080
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic..................................... 19.40 19.17 776 767 40.0 40,349 39,874 2,080
Printers.......................................................... 18.20 18.50 728 740 40.0 37,851 38,472 2,080
Printing machine operators...................................... 18.32 18.50 733 740 40.0 38,115 38,472 2,080
Cutting workers................................................... 13.88 14.50 555 580 40.0 28,864 30,160 2,080
Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders..... 13.88 14.50 555 580 40.0 28,864 30,160 2,080
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders............... 14.06 13.60 562 544 40.0 29,242 28,288 2,080
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 13.92 15.00 557 600 40.0 28,960 31,200 2,080
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 15.11 15.55 639 623 42.3 33,215 32,406 2,198
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 16.11 16.52 712 771 44.2 37,032 40,102 2,299
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 17.24 17.00 783 771 45.4 40,730 40,102 2,363
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 14.69 14.75 590 594 40.2 30,705 30,888 2,090
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 15.44 15.55 618 622 40.0 32,119 32,344 2,080
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another
firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard
pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all
workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year,
exclusive of overtime.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
Table 13. Full-time(1) State and local government workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours,
Reading, PA, January 2008
Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5)
Occupation(2)
Mean Mean
Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual
hours hours
All workers........................................................... $26.91 $24.13 $997 $895 37.1 $44,870 $44,388 1,668
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 37.59 37.97 1,340 1,290 35.6 50,604 48,272 1,346
Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers......... 38.86 37.97 1,372 1,326 35.3 51,299 49,456 1,320
Elementary and middle school teachers........................... 38.93 37.97 1,350 1,282 34.7 50,522 48,272 1,298
Elementary school teachers, except special education.......... 38.59 37.97 1,353 1,282 35.1 50,630 47,673 1,312
Protective service occupations...................................... 19.92 21.04 784 841 39.4 40,816 43,753 2,049
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 17.54 17.51 631 664 36.0 32,826 34,529 1,872
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another
firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard
pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all
workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year,
exclusive of overtime.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
Table 14. Size of establishment: Mean hourly earnings(1) of private industry
establishments for major occupational groups, Reading, PA, January 2008
1-99 100-499 500
Occupational group(2) Total workers workers workers
or more
All workers.................................. $17.43 $16.33 $18.93 $18.45
Management, professional, and related...... 30.59 31.68 29.57 30.11
Management, business, and financial...... 35.18 35.98 32.44 44.47
Professional and related................. 26.61 27.44 26.14 25.92
Service.................................... 10.82 10.08 12.19 –
Sales and office........................... 14.58 13.85 15.27 16.12
Sales and related........................ 14.70 13.19 – –
Office and administrative support........ 14.52 14.35 15.05 14.21
Natural resources, construction, and
maintenance............................... 19.03 18.83 18.63 20.54
Construction and extraction............. 17.18 17.29 – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair.... 20.64 20.95 19.42 20.54
Production, transportation, and material
moving.................................... 15.20 13.57 15.42 16.96
Production............................... 15.44 13.30 15.92 17.49
Transportation and material moving....... 14.99 13.78 – 16.56
B
1-99 100-499 500
Total workers workers workers
or more
Occupational group(2)
Relative error(3)
(percent)
Relative error(3) (percent)
All workers........................................................... 3.4 5.9 5.7 1.9
Management, professional, and related............................... 5.6 9.5 8.4 8.0
Management, business, and financial............................... 6.9 10.9 9.0 5.0
Professional and related.......................................... 9.6 20.8 8.6 3.9
Service............................................................. 6.2 8.9 10.2 –
Sales and office.................................................... 4.2 5.9 10.3 6.8
Sales and related................................................. 11.8 13.8 – –
Office and administrative support................................. 3.4 6.1 3.4 6.1
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 10.5 13.6 5.1 2.6
Construction and extraction...................................... 3.4 3.3 – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 13.9 21.6 2.5 2.6
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 2.4 7.8 2.8 5.5
Production........................................................ 1.7 10.9 1.6 7.3
Transportation and material moving................................ 4.4 9.9 – 5.1
1 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay,
cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See
appendix B for more information.
3 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used
to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
Table 15. Establishments with fewer than 100 workers: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for
full-time(1) private industry workers, Reading, PA, January 2008
Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5)
Occupation(2)
Mean Mean
Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual
hours hours
All workers........................................................... $18.20 $15.00 $731 $570 40.2 $37,485 $29,120 2,060
Management occupations.............................................. 45.93 32.41 1,933 1,299 42.1 100,496 67,523 2,188
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 29.93 24.54 1,220 982 40.8 63,426 51,049 2,119
Food preparation and serving related occupations.................... 9.41 9.40 362 376 38.5 18,842 19,544 2,002
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........... 12.56 11.50 503 460 40.0 23,331 19,760 1,857
Sales and related occupations....................................... 17.59 14.00 687 560 39.1 35,720 29,120 2,031
Retail sales workers.............................................. 16.47 13.87 632 438 38.4 32,885 22,750 1,996
Retail salespersons............................................. 21.41 16.35 871 654 40.7 45,269 34,008 2,114
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 14.98 14.00 588 546 39.2 30,372 28,371 2,027
Office clerks, general............................................ 13.08 13.64 509 546 38.9 26,448 28,371 2,023
Construction and extraction occupations............................. 17.28 15.40 684 560 39.6 35,566 29,120 2,059
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 21.09 17.00 859 680 40.7 44,667 35,360 2,118
Production occupations.............................................. 13.70 12.91 545 516 39.8 28,323 26,853 2,067
Printers.......................................................... 18.33 18.50 733 740 40.0 38,133 38,472 2,080
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 14.02 14.96 645 598 46.0 33,550 31,117 2,393
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers............................ 15.38 16.03 699 737 45.5 36,363 38,348 2,364
Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer........................ 16.62 16.55 796 826 47.9 41,375 42,952 2,489
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another
firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard
pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all
workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year,
exclusive of overtime.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
Table 16. Establishments with 100 workers or more: Mean and median hourly, weekly, and annual earnings and mean weekly and annual hours for
full-time(1) private industry workers, Reading, PA, January 2008
Hourly earnings(3) Weekly earnings(4) Annual earnings(5)
Occupation(2)
Mean Mean
Mean Median Mean Median weekly Mean Median annual
hours hours
All workers........................................................... $19.01 $16.57 $757 $660 39.8 $39,185 $34,133 2,062
Management occupations.............................................. 44.68 42.31 1,786 1,692 40.0 92,859 88,005 2,078
Business and financial operations occupations....................... 27.92 25.52 1,099 994 39.3 57,123 51,690 2,046
Computer and mathematical science occupations....................... 28.90 26.00 1,152 1,040 39.9 59,891 54,086 2,072
Architecture and engineering occupations............................ 32.57 34.74 1,303 1,390 40.0 67,751 72,259 2,080
Engineers......................................................... 37.12 38.51 1,485 1,540 40.0 77,212 80,105 2,080
Education, training, and library occupations........................ 29.61 24.11 1,184 965 40.0 50,533 50,290 1,707
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations................... 26.33 24.30 1,053 972 40.0 54,773 50,544 2,080
Therapists........................................................ 32.00 37.34 1,280 1,494 40.0 66,557 77,667 2,080
Healthcare support occupations...................................... 12.25 11.57 478 443 39.0 24,860 23,046 2,029
Sales and related occupations....................................... 26.08 18.97 1,043 759 40.0 54,247 39,462 2,080
Office and administrative support occupations....................... 14.63 14.26 583 565 39.8 30,292 29,390 2,071
Financial clerks.................................................. 15.42 15.05 612 601 39.7 31,844 31,264 2,065
Customer service representatives.................................. 15.35 14.46 610 578 39.7 31,709 30,077 2,065
Production, planning, and expediting clerks....................... 15.92 17.30 637 692 40.0 33,111 35,984 2,080
Secretaries and administrative assistants......................... 15.88 14.60 634 584 39.9 32,976 30,368 2,076
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations................... 20.10 19.60 804 784 40.0 41,814 40,768 2,080
Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers 20.25 19.65 810 786 40.0 42,118 40,872 2,080
Maintenance workers, machinery.................................. 20.46 21.15 818 846 40.0 42,555 43,992 2,080
Production occupations.............................................. 16.75 16.33 670 653 40.0 34,843 33,966 2,080
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators.......................... 14.36 14.75 574 590 40.0 29,869 30,680 2,080
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic...................................................... 19.40 19.17 776 767 40.0 40,349 39,874 2,080
Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic..................................... 19.40 19.17 776 767 40.0 40,349 39,874 2,080
Miscellaneous production workers.................................. 14.49 15.46 579 618 40.0 30,131 32,157 2,080
Transportation and material moving occupations...................... 15.87 15.68 635 627 40.0 33,010 32,614 2,080
Laborers and material movers, hand................................ 15.02 14.95 601 598 40.0 31,242 31,096 2,080
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand.......... 15.44 15.55 618 622 40.0 32,119 32,344 2,080
1 Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore,
a worker with a 35-hour-per-week schedule might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another
firm, where a 40-hour week is the minimum full-time schedule.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
3 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard
pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all
workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
4 Mean weekly earnings are the straight-time weekly wages or salaries paid to employees. Median weekly earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean weekly hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a week,
exclusive of overtime.
5 Mean annual earnings are the straight-time annual wages or salaries paid to employees. Median annual earnings designates position - one-half
of the hours are paid the same as or more than the rate shown. Mean annual hours are the hours an employee is scheduled to work in a year,
exclusive of overtime.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria. Overall occupational groups may include data for
categories not shown separately
Table 17. Union(1) and nonunion workers: Mean hourly earnings(2) for major occupational groups, Reading, PA, January 2008
Union Nonunion
Occupational group(3) Private State and Private State and
Civilian industry local Civilian industry local
workers workers government workers workers government
workers workers
All workers........................................................... $22.21 $16.14 $26.70 $17.60 $17.53 $21.28
Management, professional, and related............................... 32.73 – 34.05 31.03 30.97 32.66
Management, business, and financial............................... – – – 35.59 35.18 –
Professional and related.......................................... 33.45 – 34.90 26.85 27.17 –
Service............................................................. 16.47 – 16.47 10.79 10.82 9.46
Sales and office.................................................... 17.22 – – 14.60 14.56 –
Sales and related................................................. – – – 14.70 14.70 –
Office and administrative support................................. 17.22 – – 14.55 14.50 –
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 17.05 – – 19.14 19.17 –
Construction and extraction...................................... – – – 17.16 17.18 –
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. – – – 20.93 21.01 –
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 16.45 16.45 – 14.83 14.84 –
Production........................................................ 15.43 15.43 – 15.44 15.44 –
Transportation and material moving................................ – – – 14.33 14.33 –
Union Nonunion
Private State and Private State and
Civilian industry local Civilian industry local
workers workers government workers workers government
workers workers
Relative error(4)
(percent)
Relative error(4) (percent)
All workers........................................................... 3.6 4.2 1.8 3.6 3.7 5.6
Management, professional, and related............................... 4.5 – 2.7 5.3 5.5 5.5
Management, business, and financial............................... – – – 6.7 6.9 –
Professional and related.......................................... 4.3 – 1.6 9.4 9.4 –
Service............................................................. 14.6 – 14.6 6.1 6.2 6.1
Sales and office.................................................... 6.2 – – 4.1 4.2 –
Sales and related................................................. – – – 11.8 11.8 –
Office and administrative support................................. 6.2 – – 3.4 3.5 –
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 7.5 – – 10.7 10.8 –
Construction and extraction...................................... – – – 3.4 3.4 –
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. – – – 13.9 14.2 –
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 3.8 3.8 – 2.8 2.8 –
Production........................................................ 5.5 5.5 – .8 .8 –
Transportation and material moving................................ – – – 4.9 5.0 –
1 Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining.
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments,
and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by
totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more
information.
4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a
"confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
Table 18. Time and incentive workers(1): Mean hourly earnings(2) for major occupational groups, Reading, PA,
January 2008
Time Incentive
Occupational group(3)
Civilian Private Civilian Private
workers industry workers industry
workers workers
All workers........................................................... $17.95 $16.96 $23.70 $23.71
Management, professional, and related............................... 30.94 29.86 – –
Management, business, and financial............................... 33.73 33.76 – –
Professional and related.......................................... 29.36 26.69 – –
Service............................................................. 11.62 10.82 – –
Sales and office.................................................... 13.55 13.38 30.19 30.25
Sales and related................................................. 11.12 11.12 39.18 39.18
Office and administrative support................................. 14.55 14.36 18.03 –
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 18.04 18.02 – –
Construction and extraction...................................... – 17.18 – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 18.83 18.96 – –
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 15.38 15.38 14.02 14.02
Production........................................................ 15.55 15.55 13.15 13.15
Transportation and material moving................................ 15.20 15.20 14.19 14.19
Time Incentive
Civilian Private Civilian Private
workers industry workers industry
workers workers
Relative error(4)
(percent)
Relative error(4) (percent)
All workers........................................................... 3.0 3.3 17.8 17.8
Management, professional, and related............................... 4.7 6.4 – –
Management, business, and financial............................... 8.2 8.9 – –
Professional and related.......................................... 5.7 9.7 – –
Service............................................................. 5.9 6.2 – –
Sales and office.................................................... 2.7 2.8 23.6 23.6
Sales and related................................................. 4.5 4.5 24.8 24.8
Office and administrative support................................. 3.4 3.5 14.7 –
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 5.1 5.4 – –
Construction and extraction...................................... – 3.4 – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 7.6 8.0 – –
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 1.1 1.1 13.6 13.6
Production........................................................ 1.3 1.3 3.8 3.8
Transportation and material moving................................ 2.2 2.2 16.1 16.1
1 Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary. Incentive workers are those whose wages are
at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses.
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay,
cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays,
nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See
appendix B for more information.
4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used
to calculate a "confidence interval" around a sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
Table 19. Industry sector(1): Mean hourly earnings(2) for private industry workers by major occupational group, Reading, PA, January 2008
Goods producing Service providing
Occupational group(3) Trade, Profes- Education Leisure
Construc- Manufac- transpor- Infor- Financial sional and and Other
tion turing tation, mation activiti- and health hospital- services
and es business services ity
utilities services
All workers........................................................... $17.93 $18.73 $16.88 – – $20.26 $16.61 $8.08 $12.53
Management, professional, and related............................... – 34.37 46.52 – – 32.08 24.25 – –
Management, business, and financial............................... – 39.98 49.83 – – 32.25 – – –
Professional and related.......................................... – 26.06 – – – 31.98 23.96 – –
Service............................................................. – – 13.37 – – – 12.25 7.70 –
Sales and office.................................................... – 20.09 13.68 – – 16.06 12.81 9.19 –
Sales and related................................................. – – 14.22 – – – – – –
Office and administrative support................................. – 16.37 13.00 – – 16.06 12.81 – –
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 17.61 20.96 15.25 – – – – – –
Construction and extraction...................................... – – – – – – – – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. – 20.96 14.94 – – – – – –
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... – 15.39 16.14 – – 11.69 – – –
Production........................................................ – 15.68 – – – – – – –
Transportation and material moving................................ – 14.72 16.26 – – – – – –
B
Goods producing Service providing
Trade, Profes- Education Leisure
Construc- Manufac- transpor- Infor- Financial sional and and Other
Occupational group(3) tion turing tation, mation activiti- and health hospital- services
and es business services ity
utilities services
Relative error(4)
(percent)
Relative error(4) (percent)
All workers........................................................... 3.1 1.6 5.5 – – 10.6 3.1 7.6 10.1
Management, professional, and related............................... – 3.5 21.7 – – 13.0 7.7 – –
Management, business, and financial............................... – 6.6 35.4 – – 3.6 – – –
Professional and related.......................................... – 4.4 – – – 20.3 7.5 – –
Service............................................................. – – 17.2 – – – 4.5 5.4 –
Sales and office.................................................... – 15.1 7.7 – – 8.7 5.5 12.6 –
Sales and related................................................. – – 11.3 – – – – – –
Office and administrative support................................. – .3 7.2 – – 8.7 5.5 – –
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 2.9 1.7 8.6 – – – – – –
Construction and extraction...................................... – – – – – – – – –
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. – 1.7 8.4 – – – – – –
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... – .3 4.1 – – 12.2 – – –
Production........................................................ – 1.6 – – – – – – –
Transportation and material moving................................ – 2.3 4.3 – – – – – –
1 Industry sectors are determined by the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
2 Earnings are the straight-time hourly wages or salaries paid to employees. They include incentive pay, cost-of-living adjustments, and hazard pay. Excluded
are premium pay for overtime, vacations, holidays, nonproduction bonuses, and tips. The mean is computed by totaling the pay of all workers and dividing by the
number of workers, weighted by hours. See appendix A for more information.
3 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. See appendix B for more information.
4 The relative standard error (RSE) is the standard error expressed as a percent of the estimate. It can be used to calculate a "confidence interval" around a
sample estimate. For more information about RSEs, see appendix A.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
Appendix table 1. Number of workers(1) represented by the survey, Reading, PA, January 2008
Private State and
Occupational group(2) Civilian industry local
workers workers government
workers
All workers........................................................... 167,800 146,700 21,000
Management, professional, and related............................... 36,500 24,600 11,900
Management, business, and financial............................... 12,000 10,700 1,200
Professional and related.......................................... 24,500 13,800 10,700
Service............................................................. 36,500 30,900 5,600
Sales and office.................................................... 43,900 41,800 2,100
Sales and related................................................. 15,400 15,400 –
Office and administrative support................................. 28,500 26,400 2,100
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance.................... 14,600 13,400 1,100
Construction and extraction...................................... 6,100 5,400 –
Installation, maintenance, and repair............................. 8,100 7,600 –
Production, transportation, and material moving..................... 36,300 36,000 –
Production........................................................ 17,500 17,500 –
Transportation and material moving................................ 18,800 18,500 –
1 The number of workers represented by the survey are rounded to the nearest 100. Estimates of the
number of workers provide a description of size and composition of the labor force included in the
survey. Estimates are not intended, however, for comparison to other statistical series to measure
employment trends or levels.
2 Workers are classified by occupation using the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)
system. See appendix B for more information.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
Appendix table 2. Survey establishment response, Reading, PA, January 2008
Private State and
Establishments Total industry local
government
Total in sampling frame(1)............................................ 8,348 8,076 272
Total in sample....................................................... 190 176 14
Responding........................................................ 136 124 12
Refused or unable to provide data................................. 35 33 2
Out of business or not in survey scope............................ 19 19 0
1 The list of establishments from which the survey sample was selected (sampling frame) was developed
from State unemployment insurance reports and is based on the 2002 North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS). For private industries, an establishment is usually a single physical
location. For State and local governments, an establishment is defined as all locations of a government
entity.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Compensation Survey.
NOTE: Dashes indicate that no data were reported or that data did not meet publication criteria.
Last Modified Date: November 10, 2008
