Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
42 U.S.C. § 2000d
§ 2000d. Prohibition against exclusion from participation in,
denial of benefits of, and discrimination under Federally assisted programs
on ground of race, color, or national origin
No person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color,
or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits
of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving
Federal financial assistance.
§ 2000d-1. Federal authority and financial assistance to programs
or activities by way of grant, loan, or contract other than contract of
insurance or guaranty; rules and regulations; approval by President; compliance
with requirements; reports to Congressional committees; effective date
of administrative action
Each Federal department and agency which is empowered to extend Federal
financial assistance to any program or activity, by way of grant, loan,
or contract other than a contract of insurance or guaranty, is authorized
and directed to effectuate the provisions of section 2000d of this title
with respect to such program or activity by issuing rules, regulations,
or orders of general applicability which shall be consistent with achievement
of the objectives of the statute authorizing the financial assistance in
connection with which the action is taken. No such rule, regulation, or
order shall become effective unless and until approved by the President.
Compliance with any requirement adopted pursuant to this section may be
effected (1) by the termination of or refusal to grant or to continue assistance
under such program or activity to any recipient as to whom there has been
an express finding on the record, after opportunity for hearing, of a failure
to comply with such requirement, but such termination or refusal shall
be limited to the particular political entity, or part thereof, or other
recipient as to whom such a finding has been made and, shall be limited
in its effect to the particular program, or part thereof, in which such
noncompliance has been so found, or (2) by any other means authorized by
law: Provided, however, That no such action shall be taken until the department
or agency concerned has advised the appropriate person or persons of the
failure to comply with the requirement and has determined that compliance
cannot be secured by voluntary means. In the case of any action terminating,
or refusing to grant or continue, assistance because of failure to comply
with a requirement imposed pursuant to this section, the head of the Federal
department or agency shall file with the committees of the House and Senate
having legislative jurisdiction over the program or activity involved a
full written report of the circumstances and the grounds for such action.
No such action shall become effective until thirty days have elapsed after
the filing of such report.
§ 2000d-2. Judicial review; administrative procedure provisions
Any department or agency action taken pursuant to section 2000d-1 of
this title shall be subject to such judicial review as may otherwise be
provided by law for similar action taken by such department or agency on
other grounds. In the case of action, not otherwise subject to judicial
review, terminating or refusing to grant or to continue financial assistance
upon a finding of failure to comply with any requirement imposed pursuant
to section 2000d-1 of this title, any person aggrieved (including any State
or political subdivision thereof and any agency of either) may obtain judicial
review of such action in accordance with chapter 7 of Title 5, and such
action shall not be deemed committed to unreviewable agency discretion
within the meaning of that chapter.
§ 2000d-3. Construction of provisions not to authorize administrative
action with respect to employment practices except where primary objective
of Federal financial assistance is to provide employment
Nothing contained in this subchapter shall be construed to authorize
action under this subchapter by any department or agency with respect to
any employment practice of any employer, employment agency, or labor organization
except where a primary objective of the Federal financial assistance is
to provide employment.
§ 2000d-4a. "Program or activity" and "program" defined
For the purposes of this subchapter, the term "program or activity"
and the term "program" mean all of the operations of--
(1) (A) a department, agency, special purpose district, or
other instrumentality of a State or of a local government; or
(B) the entity of such State or local government that distributes
such assistance and each such department or agency (and each other State
or local government entity) to which the assistance is extended, in the
case of assistance to a State or local government;
(2)(A) a college, university, or other postsecondary institution, or a
public system of higher education; or
(B) a local educational agency (as defined in section 8801
of Title 20), system of vocational education, or other school system;
(3)(A) an entire corporation, partnership, or other private organization,
or an entire sole proprietorship--
(i) if assistance is extended to such corporation, partnership,
private organization, or sole proprietorship as a whole; or
(ii) which is principally engaged in the business of providing education,
health care, housing, social services, or parks and recreation; or
(B) the entire plant or other comparable, geographically separate
facility to which Federal financial assistance is extended, in the case
of any other corporation, partnership, private organization, or sole proprietorship;
or
(4) any other entity which is established by two or more of the entities
described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3);
any part of which is extended Federal financial assistance.
Updated July 25, 2008